犬 Num. Index: 12.81 chyuaan .

N. (1) (LL) dog (vern. 狗): 犬牙相錯 jigsaw outline;
鷹犬 hawks and hounds, (fig.) underlings of the powerful who harass the people;
獵犬 hunting dog, hound;
聲色犬馬之樂 the material pleasures of song and women, hunting and racing;
效犬馬之勞 (court. of oneself) to serve one faithfully;
犬彘 pigs and dogs: 犬彘食人食 (AC) the dogs and pigs eat like their masters－of corrupt aristocracy.
(2) 小犬 (formerly court.) my son, see 犬子 chyuaan-tzyy↓.

Words 1. 犬齒 chyuaan-chyy, n., canine teeth.
2. 犬子 chyuaan-tzyy, n., (formerly court.) my son (“little dog”), also 小犬.
3. 犬于兒 chyuaan-yue’l, n., “reverse dog radical,”□, in dictionaries, also called 反犬旁.

大 Num. Index: 12.81 dah (re. pr *daih ).

N. (1) (Coll.) a penny: 不值一個大 not worth a penny.
(2) A surname.

Adj. (1) Big, large, great: 大人 dah-rern↓;
大陸 dah-luh↓;
大路 higway, main road;
大門 the gate;
大樓 a tall building;
大大小小 the big and the small－all considered;
大而無當 phr., big, impractical (plan), big and burdensome (“white elephant”).
(2) The eldest (brother, uncle, aunt, cousin, etc.): 大房 eldest branch of family;
senior of same rank: 大姑（子）senior sister or wife;
大舅（子）senior brother of wife;
(3) (Oft. in address) honored, esteemed: 大爺，大老爺 dah-yer, dah-laau-’ye↓;
大法官 Grand justice;
大札 your gracious letter;
大作 your great composition;
大駕 your “carriage,”i. e., your arrival;
大名 great reputation;
名山大川 well-known mountains and rivers;
self-given appellation: 大唐 the Great Tarng Empire;
大清 the Great Ching (Manchu) Dyn.
(4) Important: 大人物 the V.I. P.S;
大事 important occasion or event;
大處幵眼 pay attention to the important points.

Adv. (1) Generally: 大凡，大概，大抵，大致 dah-farn, dah-gaih, dah-dii, dah-jyh↓.
(2) Further ahead or behind: 大前天 two days before yesterday;
大後天 two days after tomorrow;
大前年 two years before last;
大後年 two years after next;
大後兒（個）next to next behind.
(3) Greatly (angered, pleased, etc.): 大謬 greatly mistaken;
大不為然 greatly disapprove.
(4) Completely: 大晴 (the sky is) completely clear;
大亮 it’s day already.
(5) Showily, pompously, oft. 大……大：大模大樣（大模廝樣兒）in an open or showy manner;
大搖大擺 take big, swinging steps;
大手大腳 spend extravagantly;
大庭廣眾 in broad daylight, in front of everbody;
大天白日 in broad daylight;
大書特書 it is clearly written;
大言不慚 to talk big;
大言欺人 to exaggerate;
大躍進 (phr.) great leap forward.

Words 1. 大寶 dah-baau, n., (LL) the throne.
2. 大拜 dah-baih, v.i., formerly, (emperor) make person prime minister.
3. 大班 dah-ban, n., compradore, Taipan.
4. 大本營 dah-been-yirng, n., general headquarters.
5. 大便 dah-biahn, v.i., answer nature’s call;
6. 大便 dah-biahn, v.i., to evacuate bowels.
7. 大辟 dah-bih, n., crime punishable by death.
8. 大比 dah-bii, n., formerly, provincial civil service examinations.
9. 大鼻子 dah-bir-tz, n., (derog.) a Russian (“big-nosed”).
10. 大白 (1) dah-bor, n., a wine cup: 浮一大白 drink a cup (to celebrate);
11. 大白 (2) (dah-bair) n., 真相大白 the facts are clear now.
12. 大不列顛 Dah-buh-lieh-dian, n., Great Britain.
13. 大不了 dah-’bu-liaau, phr., 沒什麼大不了的事情 it’s nothing frightening, nothing to worry about.
14. 大氅 dah-chaang, n., overcoat of old type.
15. 大腸 dah-charng, n., (physiol.) the colon.
16. 大成 dah-cherng, n., great consummation;
17. 大成 dah-cherng, n., a compendium;
18. 大成 dah-cherng, n., 集大成 composition which embodies contributions of previous scholars.
19. 大千 dah-chian, n., (Budd.) a universe of many universes (大千世界)
20. 大蟲 dah-churng, n., (coll.) a tiger.
21. 大大咧咧 dah-’da-lie-lie, adv., haughtily.
22. 大大落落兒 dah-’da-luo-luo’l, adv., in dignified manner (also pr. dah-’da-lu-lu’l).
23. 大膽 dah-daan, adj. & adv., with determination without fear or hesitation: 大膽做去 do it without hesitation.
24. 大典 dah-diaan, n., an august ceremony.
25. 大抵 dah-dii, adv., mostly.
26. 大豆 dah-douh, n., the soybean (also called 黃豆).
27. 大動脈 dah-duhng-moh, n., the aorta.
28. 大方 dah-fang, (1) n., experts, connoisseurs: 貽笑大方 be laughed at by those who know;
29. 大方 dah-fang, (2) adj., generous with money, not stingy;
30. 大方 dah-fang, (3) (appear or walk) with proud bearing.
31. 大凡 dah-farn, adv., mostly, generally.
32. 大分 dah-fehn, n., (LL) person’s destined years to live.
33. 大夫 *daih-fu, n., a physician, doctor: 陳大夫 Dr. Chen.
34. 大婦 dah-fuh¹, n., (LL) the wife.
35. 大副 dah-fuh², n., (nautical) the mate.
36. 大概 dah-gaih, adv., in general, most probably.
37. 大綱 dah-gang, n., outline (of program, plan), the elements (of political science, etc.).
38. 大褂（兒） dah-guah-’l, n., unlined long gown: 藍布大褂 blue cotton gown.
39. 大觀 dah-guan, n., as in 洋洋大觀 an impressive array (of exhibits, buildings, etc.).
40. 大歸 dah-guei, v.i., formerly, a divorced woman returns to her mother’s home for good.
41. 大故 dah-guh, n., parents’ funeral.
42. 大公 dah-gung, adj., (1) impartial: 大公無私;
43. 大公 dah-gung, (2) n., impartiality;
44. 大公 dah-gung, Catholicity.
45. 大鼓書 dah-guu-shu, n., monologue storytelling in rhythmic language, accompanied by a hand drum.
46. 大海 dah-haai, n., (1) a widemouthed bowl or wine cup;
47. 大海 dah-haai, n., (2) the sea.
48. 大亨 dah-heng, n., (coll.) (slightly derog.) a big merchant.
49. 大花臉 dah-hua-liaan, n., (Chin. opera) a male role of dignified type.
50. 大話 dah-huah, n., exaggeration: 說大話 to exaggerate.
51. 大黃 dah-huarng, n., (bot.) rhubarb;
52. 大黃 dah-huarng, n., Rheum officinale.
53. 大會 dah-hueih, n., a conference, assembly meeting.
54. 大丈夫 dah-jahng-fu, n., (AC, LL) a gentleman, a man of character or real worth.
55. 大家 dah-jia, n., (1) all, all people: 大家唱 let’s all sing together;
56. 大家 dah-jia, n., (2) master of an art of craft;
57. 大家 dah-jia, n., (3) 大家閨秀 woman from a cultured family.
58. 大解 dah-jiee, v.i., see dah-biahn↑.
59. 大節 dah-jier, n., matter of honor, principles: 大節無虧 firm in matters of honor (apart from personal weakness).
60. 大靜脈 dah-jihng-moh, n., the great vein carrying blood of the body to the heart.
61. 大戟 dah-jii, n., (bot.) spurge;
62. 大戟 dah-jii, n., Euphorbia pekinensis.
63. 大襟（兒） dah-jin (dah-jie’l), n., the right-hand flap of Chinese gown where it is buttoned.
64. 大軸子 dah-jouh-’tz, n., (Chin. opera) the last act.
65. 大篆 dah-juahn, n., Chinese script in time of Confucius, before 小篆 was introduced in Chirn 秦 Dyn.
66. 大著 dah-juh, n., (court.) your book.
67. 大眾 dah-juhng, n., (1) the people;
68. 大眾 dah-juhng, n., (2) the masses: 大眾文學 literature for the masses;
69. 大眾 dah-juhng, n., 大眾化 to popularize or simplify (writing);
70. 大眾 dah-juhng, n., 大眾傳播 mass communication;
71. 大眾 dah-juhng, n., 大眾傳播工具 mass media.
72. 大致 dah-jyh, adv., on the whole (acceptable, etc.), with a few exceptions.
73. 大吉 dah-jyi, n., great luck, fortune.
74. 大覺 dah-jyuer, n., (Budd.) the great awakening.
75. 大局 dah-jyur, n., general situation.
76. 大旨 dah-jyy¹, n., general theme (of book, teaching).
77. 大指 dah-jyy², n., the thumb (also called 拇指).
78. 大塊 dah-kuaih, n., (1) the earth;
79. 大塊 dah-kuaih, n., (2) the universe.
80. 大魁 dah-kueir, n., the champion in national examinations.
81. 大老爺 dah-laau-’ye, n., formerly, address of city magistrate.
82. 大剌剌的 dah-lah-lah-de, adj. & adv., pompous, -ly.
83. 大斂 dah-liahn, n., formal layingin of body in coffin.
84. 大量 dah-liahng, adv., in great quantities, in volume: 大量生產 mass production.
85. 大禮服 dah-lii-fur, n., formal dress.
86. 大理石 dah-lii-shyr, n., marble.
87. 大陸 dah-luh, n., the mainland;
88. 大陸 dah-luh, n., continent: 大陸礁層 continental shelf.
89. 大落落 dah-luoh-luoh, adj., impressive, pompous.
90. 大羅天 dah-luor-tian, n., the fairyland.
91. 大略 dah-lyueh, (1) adv., generally;
92. 大略 dah-lyueh, (2) n., the gist of things;
93. 大略 dah-lyueh, (3) 雄才大略 (person’s) great talent.
94. 大麥 dah-maih, n., barley.
95. 大麻 dah-mar, n., hemp;
96. 大麻 dah-mar, n., marijuana, Cannabis sativa.
97. 大麻蠅 dah-mar-yirng, n., a large variety of flies feeding on refuse.
98. 大帽子 dah-mauh-’tz, n., a formal hat in Manchu Dyn.;
99. 大帽子 dah-mauh-’tz, n., pressure from some influential person.
100. 大面 dah-miahn, n., (Chin. opera) a male role, see dah-hua-liaa (’l)↑;
101. 大面 dah-miahn, n., 大面皮兒 the surface, on the surface;
102. 大面 dah-miahn, n., 大面兒上 ditto, also in public.
103. 大米 dah-mii, n., rice.
104. 大名 dah-mirng, n., a great name, reputation;
105. 大名 dah-mirng, n., your name.
106. 大腦 dah-naau, n., cerebrum.
107. 大內 dah-neih, n., imperial palace.
108. 大逆 dah-nih, phr., 大逆不道 treason.
109. 大牌 dah-pair, n., (1) trump card;
110. 大牌 dah-pair, n., (2) popular (movie actress, doctor, etc.).
111. 大稔 dah-reen, n., (year of) bumper crops.
112. 大人 dah-rern, n., (1) a grown-up person;
113. 大人 dah-rern, n., (2) formerly, a mandarin;
114. 大人 dah-rern, n., (3) a term of respect in addressing a judge or any high offcial;
115. 大人物 dah-rern-wuh, n., great personage.
116. 大撒巴掌兒 dah-sa-ba-’jang-’l, phr., to let things take their own course, leave a free hand.
117. 大赦 dah-sheh, n., general amnesty.
118. 大乘 dah-shehng, n., (Budd.) Mahayand doctrine or school, opp. 小乘 Hinayana.
119. 大西洋 Dah-shi-yarng, n., the Atlantic Ocean;
120. 大西洋 Dah-shi-yarng, n., 大西洋憲章 The Atlantic Charter (1941).
121. 大小 dah-shiaau, n., size (of hat, shoes, etc.): 一般大小 of the same size.
122. 大祥 dah-shiarng, n., celebration when period of mourning for parents is over.
123. 大寫 dah-shiee, n., capital (in spelling, printing).
124. 大帥 dah-shuaih, n., commander in chief, also term of addressing military governors in Manchu Dyn.
125. 大數 dah-shuh, n., man’s destiny, fate, esp. number of years to live.
126. 大師 dah-shy, n., (1) the master, a term of respect among scholars;
127. 大師 dah-shy, n., (2) a Budd. monk or abbot;
128. 大師 dah-shy, n., 大師傅 common address to a cook, also a monk.
129. 大勢 dah-shyh, n., general trend of events, general situation.
130. 大學 dah-shyuer, n., (1) a university;
131. 大學 dah-shyuer, n., (2) one of the Confucian Four Books, the “Great Learning.”
132. 大熊座 dah-shyurng-tzuoh, n., the Great Bear constellation.
133. 大使 dah-shyy, n., an ambassador;
134. 大使 dah-shyy, n., 大使館 embassy.
135. 大蒜 dah-suahn, n., garlic.
136. 大餐 dah-tsan, n., dinner;
137. 大餐 dah-tsan, n., 大餐廳 dining hall.
138. 大腿 dah-tueei, n., the thigh.
139. 大同 dah-turng, n., as in 世界大同 Confucius’ dream of a world commonwealth－a Utopia, opp. 小康 the well-organized human society.
140. 大統 dah-tuung, n., an emperor’s rule, imperial house.
141. 大自然 dah-tzyh-rarn, n., the world of Nature, natural phenomena.
142. 大我 dah-woo, phr., the greater self, the spiritual self, opp. 小我 the material self.
143. 大無畏 dah-wur-weih, adj., fearless.
144. 大雅 dah-yaa, n., beautiful form and culture: 不登大雅之堂 unqualified to take its place in the higher circles;
145. 大雅 dah-yaa, n., 無傷大雅 unimportant defects.
146. 大樣 dah-yahng, n., full-page proof (in typesetting).
147. 大洋 dah-yarng, n., (1) the ocean;
148. 大洋 dah-yarng, n., (2) a dollar: 大洋千元 $1,000.
149. 大洋洲 dah-yarng-jou, n., Oceania.
150. 大要 dah-yauh, n., the important points, an outline of essentials.
151. 大爺 dah-yer, n., uncle;
152. 大爺 dah-yer, n., eldest among elders.
153. 大衣 dah-yi, n., overcoat.
154. 大意 dah-yih¹ (dah-’yi), (1) n., gist of thought, idea;
155. 大意 dah-yih¹ (dah-’yi), (2) adj., careless: 不可大意 don’t be too sure or neglect to provide against the unexpected.
156. 大義 dah-yih², n., (1) the principle of right and wrong: 深明大義 know where one’s loyalty belongs;
157. 大義 dah-yih², n., (2) general idea.
158. 大元帥 dah-yuarn-shuaih, n., generalissimo.

太 Num. Index: 12.81 taih .

Adj. Great, grand, used in many titles and addresses of elder generation, like Eng. “grandparent,” “Grand Master”, thus 太太，太祖 taih-’tai, taih-tzuu, etc.↓;
太子 taih-tzyy↓;
太上皇 taih-shahng-huarng↓;
太老爺 grandfather, formerly, address of magistrate (“Your Honor”);
太老伯 great uncle;
太師 taih-shy↓.

Adv. Too: 太好，太壞 too good, bad;
太甚 too much;
太不成話 (of action or speech) beyond all limits;
太不像樣 too awful;
太無禮 too rude, blunt.

Words 1. 太保 taih-baau, n., (1) formerly, Grand Tutor to crown prince;
2. 太保 taih-baau, n., (2) juvenile delinquent (see taih-meih↓).
3. 太半 taih-bahn, n., the greater half (＝大半).
4. 太初 taih-chu, n., the beginning of the world;
5. 太初 taih-chu, n., 太初時候 primordial times;
6. 太初 taih-chu, n., 太初物質 primordial matter.
7. 太阿（泰阿） taih-e, n., famous sword: 太阿倒持 surrender power to subordinate (hold sword backward).
8. 太夫人 taih-fu-rern, n., (court.) your mother.
9. 太羹 taih-geng, n., (AC) soup offering in sacrifices.
10. 太公 taih-gung, n., terms used variously for great-grandfather, grandfather, greatly esteemed elder.
11. 太古 taih-guu, adj. & n., primordial (times).
12. 太和 taih-her, n., grand harmony (of yin and yang).
13. 太后 taih-houh, n., mother of emperor, empress dowager.
14. 太監 taih-jian (taih-jiahn), n., eunuch.
15. 太極拳 taih-jir-chyuarn, n., a kind of boxing or gymnastics, consisting of slow, circular movements with breath control.
16. 太極圖 taih-jir-tur, n., diagram of cosmological scheme (Suhng Dyn.).
17. 太空 taih-kung, n., outer space;
18. 太空 taih-kung, n., 太空人 astronaut;
19. 太空 taih-kung, n., 太空船 space ship;
20. 太空 taih-kung, n., 太空時代 space age;
21. 太空 taih-kung, n., 太空裝 fashion modelled after astronauts;
22. 太空 taih-kung, n., 太空法 space law;
23. 太空 taih-kung, n., 太空站 space stations;
24. 太空 taih-kung, n., 太空總署 U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
25. 太牢 taih-laur, n., sacrifices consisting of ox, sheep and pig.
26. 太妹 taih-meih, n., female juvenile delinquent (cf. taih-bau↑).
27. 太廟 taih-miauh, n., Royal Ancestral Temple.
28. 太平 taih-pirng (taih-’ping), n., peace, world peace;
29. 太平 taih-pirng (taih-’ping), n., 太平洋 Pacific Ocean;
30. 太平 taih-pirng (taih-’ping), n., 太平鼓 a kind of drum, used in spring outings;
31. 太平 taih-pirng (taih-’ping), n., 太平門 fire exit in theaters;
32. 太平 taih-pirng (taih-’ping), n., 太平梯 fire escape stairs;
33. 太平 taih-pirng (taih-’ping), n., 太平花 a kind of fireworks;
34. 太平 taih-pirng (taih-’ping), n., a flowering plant.
35. 太波 taih-por, n., great-grand-mother.
36. 太上皇 taih-shahng-huarng, n., retired father of emperor;
37. 太上皇 taih-shahng-huarng, n., a too powerful person, not the titular ruler.
38. 太守 taih-shouh, n., formerly, prefect.
39. 太師 taih-shy, n., Grand Tutor;
40. 太師 taih-shy, n., 太師椅 wooden lounge chair.
41. 太虛 taih-shyu, n., interstellar space.
42. 太學 taih-shyuer, n., formerly, imperial university.
43. 太史 taih-shyy, n., court historian;
44. 太史 taih-shyy, n., 太史公 refernce to 司馬遷 Sy-maa-Chian, author of 史記.
45. 太歲 taih-sueih, n., star god presiding over the year;
46. 太歲 taih-sueih, n., star Jupiter: 太歲頭上動土 extreme folly of offending the powerful.
47. 太太 taih-’tai, n., Mrs.: 李太太，張太太, etc.;
48. 太太 taih-’tai, n., used without surname, servant’s address of mistress of the house;
49. 太太 taih-’tai, n., 老太太 usu. mother of master or mistress, also old woman.
50. 太祖 taih-tzuu, n., first founder of dynasty.
51. 太子 taih-tzyy, n., crown prince.
52. 太陽 taih-’yang (taih-yarng), n., the sun;
53. 太陽 taih-’yang (taih-yarng), n., 太陽系 solar system;
54. 太陽 taih-’yang (taih-yarng), n., （太）陽曆 Gregorian calendar;
55. 太陽 taih-’yang (taih-yarng), n., 太陽穴 the temples (of head);
56. 太陽 taih-’yang (taih-yarng), n., 太陽膏 headache ointment plastered over temples;
57. 太陽 taih-’yang (taih-yarng), n., 太陽燈 sun lamp;
58. 太陽 taih-’yang (taih-yarng), n., 太陽能電池板 solar panel (astron.);
59. 太陽 taih-’yang (taih-yarng), n., 太陽神 Apollo, also wr. 阿波羅.
60. 太醫 taih-yi, n., imperial physician.
61. 太乙 taih-yii, n., primordial unity of yin and yang.
62. 太陰 taih-yin, n., the moon;
63. 太陰 taih-yin, n., （太）陰曆 lunar calendar, commonly 陰曆.

猋 Num. Index: 12.81 biau . [More modn. var. □ see 42.70]

N. (AC) Storm.

Adj. (AC) Dashing, speeding fast.

夫 Num. Index: 12.81 fu as n., man, husbnad; fur (LL) in all other parts of speech.

Fin. part. (LL) in questions and exclamations, indicating deep feeling: 逝者如斯夫 things pass away like this! oft. with 矣：有矣夫 there is such a thing;
吾已矣夫 it is time for me to stop;
with 也：莫吾知也夫 alas, no one understands me!

Adj. (LL demonstrative adj. & pron.) this, that, these, those: 夫人不言 this man does not talk;
賊夫人之子 you are spoiling this man’s son;
夫三子者之言 what those three people say;
今夫地，今夫水 now this earth, this water.

Adv. & conj. (LL beginning sentences and opening generalizations) now, as regards: 夫仁者 now (as regards) 仁;
夫道若大路然 now the Way (Tao) is like a broad highway;
夫何憂何懼 now what is there to worry about? 夫如此，夫如是 only so;
夫豈不知 now don’t I (dosen’t he) know? 夫既如此 now that it is so;
that being so;
夫唯不爭，故… it is because he does not contend, therefore…;
with 且 in 且夫 moreover;
with 今 in 今夫 now (introducing generalization).

Prep. (LL) than, at, with: 視夫前者 compared with the former.

N. Pr. fu. (1) Man, like Eng. “working man,” “fisherman,” or “-er” in “worker” “farmer”: 漁夫 fisherman;
農夫 farmer;
販夫 pedlar;
車夫 driver, chauffeur;
馬夫 driver of horse carriage;
轎夫 sedan chair bearer;
挑夫 porter;
廚夫 cook;
凡夫 ordinary person;
匹夫 an ordinary individual;
夫役 servants;
征夫 wayfarer;
老夫 old man (oft. speaking of oneself).
(2) Husband: 丈夫 husband, see 夫君，夫主 fu-jyun, fu-juu↓;
夫黨 husband’s people;
夫兄弟 husband’s brothers;
夫婦，夫妻，夫家 fu-fuh, fu-chi, fu-jia↓;
未婚夫 fianc�, see 大^夫，大^丈夫 12.81.

Words 1. 夫妻 fu-chi, n., husband and wife: 夫妻反目，不和 quarrel between husband and wife.
2. 夫婦 fu-fuh, n., husband and wife: 夫婦偕老 husband and wife live together till old age;
3. 夫婦 fu-fuh, n., 夫婦好合，夫唱婦隨 harmony between husband and wife;
4. 夫婦 fu-fuh, n., see fu-chi↑.
5. 夫家 fu-jia, n., husband’s family.
6. 夫己氏 fu-jii-shyh, n., (AC) a certain person (purposely vague) ＝某.
7. 夫主 fu-juu, n., husband (as head of family).
8. 夫君 fu-jyun, n., husband (litr. term of reference).
9. 夫馬 fu-maa, n., official retinue; servants;
10. 夫馬 fu-maa, n., 夫馬費 entertainment expenses.
11. 夫人 fu-rern (fu-’ren), n., madam, Mrs., gen. term of reference for wife in polished society: 張夫人 Mrs. Chang;
12. 夫人 fu-rern (fu-’ren), n., 如夫人 concubine;
13. 夫人 fu-rern (fu-’ren), n., 竹夫人 bamaoo footrest, “Dutch wife.”
14. 夫婿 fu-shyuh, n., husband.
15. 夫子 fu-tzyy, (1) n., (LL) teacher, master: 孔夫子 Confucius, Master Kung;
16. 夫子 fu-tzyy, n., elderly scholar;
17. 夫子 fu-’tz, (2) n., common laborer (also wr. 伕子).
18. 夫役 fu-yih, n., servants.

失 Num. Index: 12.81 shy .

N. (1) Mistake, error: 過失 ditto.
(2) Failure, loss, opp. 得 success, gain: 一得一失 a gain here, a loss there;
得失相抵 gains are offset by losses;
萬無一失 guarantee complete success.

V.i. & t. (1) To lose (s.t.), to miss (chance): 失落 shy-luoh↓;
遺失，丟失，失去 to lose (s.t.);
失了 have lost;
失物 shy-wuh¹↓;
失面子 lose face;
失名譽 lose a good name;
失和氣 spoil friendship;
失禮貌 commit a breach of etiquette;
失去聯絡 lose contact;
失而復得 lost and found again;
失之東隅，收之桑榆 what is lost in the morning is made up in the evening;
交臂失之 to lose (opportunity or s.t.) close at hand;
失之毫釐，謬以千里 a minimal error or deviation results in wide divergence;
坐失良機 watch a golden chance slip by;
see many compp.: 失傳，失名，失時，失業 shy-chuarn, shy-mirng², shy-shyr¹, shy-yeh, etc.↓.
(2) As verbal prefix, equal to Eng. “mis-”, “mal-” in “misdeed,” “malpractice”: see 失政，失言，失察 shy-jehng, shy-yarn, shy-char, etc.↓;
or oft. equiv. “in-,” “im-”: as 失當，失宜 in appropriate, from 當 and 宜 appropriate.

Words 1. 失敗 shy-baih, v.i. & n., to fail (in attempt, experiment), be defeated;
2. 失敗 shy-baih, v.i. & n., a failure: 成功與失敗 success and failure;
3. 失敗 shy-baih, v.i. & n., 失敗者 one who has failed;
4. 失敗 shy-baih, v.i. & n., 失敗主義 defeatism.
5. 失察 shy-char, v.i., to make mistake from oversight: 一時失察 a momentary oversight.
6. 失常 shy-charng, adj., abnormal: 神經失常 mentally abnormal, unduly depressed (＝反常, opp. 正常).
7. 失氣 shy-chih, adj., frustrated, deeply disappointed, deflated.
8. 失出 shy-chu, v.i., (law) to err in too light penalty or fail to give any penalty at all;
9. 失出 shy-chu, v.i., cf .失入 shy-ruh↓.
10. 失傳 shy-chuarn, v.i., (of anc. art, book, mediacl formula) lost through the generations.
11. 失寵 shy-chuung, v.i., fall into disfavor.
12. 失卻 shy-chyueh, v.t., to lose (＝失去，失了).
13. 失當 shy-dahng, adj. & adv., inappropriate: 處置失當 (affair) badly handled.
14. 失單 shy-dan, n., list of lost property.
15. 失盜 shy-dauh, v.i., to be burglarized.
16. 失德 shy-der, v.i., (1) to do s.t. very cruel or inhuman or reprehensible;
17. 失德 shy-der, v.i., (2) (Taoist) to lose original character of man: 失德然後義（老子）one talks of “righteousness” after losing original character of man.
18. 失掉 shy-diauh¹, v.t., to lose (＝失去).
19. 失調 shy-diauh², adj., (1) (mus.) out of tune;
20. 失調 shy-diauh², adj., (2) (shy-tiaur) upset, unbalanced: 飲食失調 have improper or unbalanced food.
21. 失度 shy-duh, adj. & adv., excessive, -ly, irregular, -ly, immoderate, -ly.
22. 失和 shy-her, v.i., (two friends) quarrel, have differences of opinion.
23. 失候 shy-houh, v.i., (1) (of food) suffer from faulty timing;
24. 失候 shy-houh, v.i., (2) (court.) to be absent when s.o. calls (＝失迎);
25. 失候 shy-houh, v.i., (3) 失候起居 (court.) to fail to keep up correspondence.
26. 失怙 shy-huh, v.i., to lose father (when young).
27. 失火 shy-huoo, v.i., to have fire accident, (house) catch fire.
28. 失魂 shy-hurn, phr., frightened or stricken (by sorrow), out of wits.
29. 失著 shy-jau, n., a wrong, mistaken step;
30. 失著 shy-jau, n., bad move in chess.
31. 失政 shy-jehng, n., misgovernment.
32. 失真 shy-jen, v.i., (photograph, portrait) lose expression, not true to life.
33. 失機 shy-ji, v.i., to miss a chance or commit a vital mistake in mil. or other matters.
34. 失檢 shy-jiaan, v.i., see shy-char↑.
35. 失腳 shy-jiaau, v.i., to slip on the ground.
36. 失節 shy-jier, v.i., to lose integrity or chastity;
37. 失節 shy-jier, v.i., be disloyal to ruler, country or husband.
38. 失計 shy-jih, n., a mistaken move.
39. 失敬 shy-jihng, v.i., (court.) to fail in courtesy, etiquette.
40. 失主 shy-juu, n., the owner of lost property.
41. 失職 shy-jyr, v.i., to be delinquent in duty.
42. 失據 shy-jyuh, phr., (mil.) to lose base of support.
43. 失口 shy-koou, v.i., see shy-yarn↓.
44. 失戀 shy-liahn, v.i., to be disappointed in love.
45. 失利 shy-lih, v.i., to be defeated;
46. 失利 shy-lih, v.i., to lose in business.
47. 失禮 shy-lii, v.i., commit a breach of etiquette.
48. 失落 shy-luoh, v.t., to lose (opportunity, handkerchief, etc.).
49. 失眠 shy-miarn, v.i., suffer from insomnia.
50. 失滅 shy-mieh, v.i., (things) disappear, vanish;
51. 失滅 shy-mieh, v.i., (fire) be extinguished;
52. 失滅 shy-mieh, v.t., to lose (things).
53. 失迷 shy-mir, v.i., be lost on the way.
54. 失明 shy-mirng¹, v.i., become blind.
55. 失名 shy-mirng², v.i., name unknown.
56. 失黏 shy-niarn, v.i., (LL) have mistakes in tones in a poem.
57. 失陪 shy-peir, v.i., (court.) take leave: 我失陪了 excuse me (for leaving).
58. 失人 shy-rern, v.i., fail to recognize a good man: 可與言而不與之言，失人 to fail to speak to one worth speaking to is to miss a good person.
59. 失入 shy-ruh, v.i., (law) to impose improper or improperly heavy penalty;
60. 失入 shy-ruh, v.i., cf. shy-chu↑
61. 失容 shy-rurng, v.i., see shy-seh↓.
62. 失散 shy-sahn, v.i., scatter, disperse.
63. 失色 shy-seh, v.i., to change countenance for fear, disgrace.
64. 失閃 shy-’shan, v.i., have a mishap.
65. 失慎 shy-shehn, v.i., (1) to make a slip, be careless;
66. 失慎 shy-shehn, v.i., (2) (house) to catch fire.
67. 失身 shy-shen, v.i., to lose virginity (with a man).
68. 失聲 shy-sheng, v.i., (voice) caught: 失聲而哭 lose control and cry out loud.
69. 失神 shy-shern, v.i., be inattentive in moments: 一失神就出錯誤 the slightest lack of attention results in errors.
70. 失陷 shy-shiahn, v.i., (of towns, territory) be lost to the enemy.
71. 失效 shy-shiauh¹, v.i., become not valid;
72. 失效 shy-shiauh¹, v.i., (med.) lose efficacy.
73. 失笑 shy-shiauh², v.i., break into laughter.
74. 失信 shy-shihn, v.i., to fail in promise.
75. 失心瘋 shy-shin-feng, n., (MC) a mania, being out of one’s mind;
76. 失心瘋 shy-shin-feng, n., amnesia.
77. 失修 shy-shiou, v.i., (1) make a mistake in conduct;
78. 失修 shy-shiou, v.i., (2) (of old structures) suffer from neglected repairs.
79. 失手 shy-shoou¹, v.i., make a slip of the hand (and drop s.t.).
80. 失守 shy-shoou², v.i., (of towns, territory) fall into enemy’s hand.
81. 失事 shy-shyh¹, v.i., (1) to run into trouble, catastrophe (fire, accident, etc.);
82. 失事 shy-shyh¹, v.i., (2) to make a mistake in handling or management.
83. 失恃 shy-shyh², v.i., (AC, LL) to lose one’s mother;
84. 失恃 shy-shyh², v.i., cf. shy-huh↑.
85. 失勢 shy-shyh³, v.i., (1) to lose support;
86. 失勢 shy-shyh³, v.i., (2) to be in disgrace or out of power.
87. 失時 shy-shyr¹, v.i., to lose an opportunity offered by the times.
88. 失實 shy-shyr², v.i., (report) be inaccurate.
89. 失學 shy-shyuer, v.i., to be forced to drop out of school (from poverty).
90. 失算 shy-suahn, n., mistaken move or decision.
91. 失態 shy-taih, adj., rude in behavior.
92. 失策 shy-tseh, v.i., make a wrong decision.
93. 失措 shy-tsuoh, v.i., make a mistake, mismanage.
94. 失辭 shy-tsyr, v.i., to use wrong or discourteous words.
95. 失脫 shy-’tuo, v.i., (article) be lost.
96. 失捬 shy-tzung, v.i., (person) to disappear (“lose traces”).
97. 失足 shy-tzur, v.i., take a wrong step: 一失足成千古恨 a wrong step taken results in eternal regret.
98. 失望 shy-wahng, v.i., be disappointed: 令人失望 be disappointing.
99. 失物 shy-wuh¹, n., lost articles.
100. 失誤 shy-wuh², n., a mistake.
101. 失言 shy-yarn, v.i., to say s.t. which should not be said.
102. 失業 shy-yeh, v.i., be unemployed.
103. 失意 shy-yih, adj., disappointed: 情場失意 disappointed in love.
104. 失宜 shy-yir¹, adj., improper (conduct, speech).
105. 失儀 shy-yir², v.i., see shy-lii↑.
106. 失迎 shy-yirng, v.i., (court.) fail in meeting when friend arrives or in hospitality.
107. 失約 shy-yue, v.i., (1) to fail to meet appointment;
108. 失約 shy-yue, v.i., (2) to break promise.
109. 失語症 shy-yuu-jehng, n., loss of power of speech.

夷 Num. Index: 12.81 yir .

N. (1) Anc. barbarian tribe on east border, any border or foreign tribe: 夷狄 border tribes in gen., spec. on east (夷) and north (狄);
蠻夷 border tribes on the south;
外夷 foreign tribes.
(2) U.f. 痍 wound.
(3) Anc. ploughlike implement.

V.t. (1) To pacify, to squash (rebellion).
(2) To level: 夷為平地 to raze (houses, cities) to the ground.
(3) To annihilate (whole families) as punishment for serious offences.

Adj. (1) Level (ground): 化險為夷 (fig.) pass through a dangerous crisis safely.
(2) (AC) calm, contented (cf. 怡 22A.40).
(3) (AC) much: 降福孔夷 give very many blessings.

Words 1. 夷□ yir-jiaan, adj., (AC) simple (way of life).
2. 夷戮 yir-luh, v.t., to slaughter, sentence to death.
3. 夷滅 yir-mieh, v.t., to wipe out (tribe, family).
4. 夷俟 yir-syh, v.i., (AC) to squat.
5. 夷由 yir-your¹, adj., (AC) undecided.
6. 夷猶 yir-your², adj., (1) undecided, see yir-your¹↑;
7. 夷猶 yir-your², adj., (2) leisurely.

夾 Num. Index: 12.81 jiar (*jia , *jiah ).

N. (1) Tweezers, pincers, pliers: 夾子 jiar-’tz↓;
火夾 fire tongs.
(2) A small case, boards for keeping things in place: 信夾 a case for holding letters, a letter clip;
書夾 book ends;
紙夾 a paper clip.
(3) A fastener: 髮夾 hairpins;
衣夾 dress hanger, clothes rack;
領帶夾 tiepin.

V.t. (1) To press, squeeze, compress: 夾持 jiar-chyr↓;
夾起來 pick up (as with chopsticks);
用筷子夾 pick up with chopsticks;
夾心麵包 sandwiches;
夾鼻眼鏡 pincenez;
夾尾巴（狗） (of dogs) put the tail between the legs, (fig.) act like a coward.
(2) Intermix: 夾七夾八 to foul up;
夾雜 jiar-tzar↓.

Adj. Furnished with a lining: 夾衣，夾襖，夾褲 a lined coat, jacket, trousers;
夾大衣 a spring overcoat.

Words 1. 夾板 *jia-baan, n., (1) thin boards for holding things together;
2. 夾板 *jia-baan, n., (2) an instrument of torture: 上夾板 (lit. & fig.) put on the rack;
3. 夾板 *jia-baan, n., (3) 三夾板 plywood.
4. 夾壁牆兒 *jia-bih-chiarng-’l, n., an impossible fix, a predicament: 他掉在夾壁牆况了 he finds himself between the devil and the deep sea.
5. 夾氣傷寒 jiar-chih-shang-harn, n., pop. term for typhoid.
6. 夾持 jiar-chyr, v.t., hold in between, press on both sides.
7. 夾袋 jiar-daih¹, n., anything one keeps for the rainy day: 夾袋人物 persons whom one can implicitly trust and share responsibilities with.
8. 夾帶 jiar-daih², (1) n., contraband (goods);
9. 夾帶 jiar-daih², (2) v.t., to bring in illegally notes by students during examination.
10. 夾道 jiar-dauh, n., a narrow passageway.
11. 夾棍 jiar-guhn, n., formerly, an instrument of torture, a rack.
12. 夾攻 jiar-gung, v.t. & n., (make) a pincers movement against (the enemy).
13. 夾間兒 *jiar-jiah-’l, n., space in between two things (also 兩夾間兒).
14. 夾擊 jiar-jir, v.t., to attack from both flanks.
15. 夾注 jiar-juh, n., (printing) interlinear notes: 夾注號 parentheses, brackets.
16. 夾竹桃 *jiah-jur-taur, n., (bot.) sweetscented oleander, Nerium odorum.
17. 夾生 *jiah-’sheng, adj., not thoroughly cooked, underdone: 這飯煮夾生了 the rice is not well cooked.
18. 夾餡兒 *jiah-shiah-’l, n., stuffed food.
19. 夾彩 jiar-tsair, n., (of pottery, porcelain) the second coating of color.
20. 夾子 *jiar-’tz, n., (1) tongs, pincers, pliers, forceps;
21. 夾子 *jiar-’tz, n., (2) a wallet, a billfold, a purse.
22. 夾雜 jiar-tzar, (1) v,t., mix up, blend;
23. 夾雜 jiar-tzar, (2) adj., mixed up, confused, impure.

爽 Num. Index: 12.81 shuaang .

V.i. (1) To fail in promise: 爽約，爽信 shuaang-yue, shuaang-shihn↓.
(2) To err, to lose: 爽失 shuaang-shy↓.

Adj. (1) Exhilarating (air): 爽快 shuaang-kuaih↓;
爽朗，爽氣 shuaang-laang, shuaang-chih↓;
秋高氣爽 dry, crisp air of autumn.
(2) High-spirited, forthright: 豪爽，英爽 generous, genial (spirit);
爽直，爽快 shuaang-jyr, shuaang-kuaih↓.

Words 1. 爽氣 shuaang-chih, (1) adj., (person) generous, simple and direct;
2. 爽氣 shuaang-chih, (2) n., spirit of geniality;
3. 爽氣 shuaang-chih, also cold, crisp air.
4. 爽慧 shuaang-hueih, adj., intelligent, quick in understanding.
5. 爽直 shuaang-jyr, adj., straightforward.
6. 爽口 shuaang-koou, adj., pleasing to the palate.
7. 爽快 shuaang-kuaih (shuaang-’kuai), adj., (1) feeling fine, comfortable, happy;
8. 爽快 shuaang-kuaih (shuaang-’kuai), adj., (2) generous (with money, tips, etc.).
9. 爽朗 shuaang-laang, adj., (climate) crisp and dry.
10. 爽利 shuaang (’) lih, n., (dial.) see shuaang-shihng↓.
11. 爽然 shuaang-rarn, adj., waking up in. 爽然自失 it dawned upon me that I had been wrong.
12. 爽神 shuaang-shern, adj., very refreshing.
13. 爽信 shuaang-shihn, v.i., to fail to keep one’s promise.
14. 爽性 shuaang-shihng, adv., (since s.t. is so) might as well … (＝索性)：既然應允，爽性來個痛快 since you have already promised, might just well make it a big affair.
15. 爽心 shuaang-shin, adj., entertaining, refreshing, gay.
16. 爽爽 shuarng-shuaang, adj., distinctive, outstanding.
17. 爽失 shuaang-shy, n., failure, error, mistake.
18. 爽脆 shuaang-tsueih, adj., forthright, quick and simple (in negotiations, etc.).
19. 爽約 shuaang-yue, v.i., to fail in promise, appointment, to breach contract.

奭 Num. Index: 12.81 shyh .

奭 Num. Index: Adj.1

灰 Num. Index: 12.81 huei .

N. (1) (-’l) Ashes: 煙灰 cigarette ashes;
煤灰，骨灰 ashes from stove, bones;
劫灰 (fig.) what is left after looting;
死灰復燃 cold ashes burn again－the buried past comes alive again, defeated rebels stage a comeback.
(2) Lime (＝石灰).
(3) Dust: 灰土，灰沙 huei-tuu, huei-sha↓;
灰頭土腦 head covered with dust, also a blockhead.
(4) The grey color.

Adj. (1) Grey in color: 灰白，灰色 huei-bair, huei-seh↓.
(2) Disheartened: 心灰意冷 very much discouraged;
萬念俱灰 all hopes dashed to pieces, tired of earthly life;
灰心 huei-shin↓.

Words 1. 灰白 huei-bair, adj., grey, greyishwhite, ashen (colored);
2. 灰白 huei-bair, adj., 灰白質 grey matter in brains.
3. 灰塵 huei-chern, n., dust (on table, etc.).
4. 灰分 huei-fehn, n., (bot.) inorganic matter in plants (found in ashes).
5. 灰燼 huei-jihn, n., ashes.
6. 灰滅 huei-mieh, v.i., to vanish (of hopes, dreams, etc.).
7. 灰棚（兒） huei-perng (’l), n., plastered mud hut (also called 灰房 opp. brick houses).
8. 灰色 huei-seh, adj., (1) grey in color;
9. 灰色 huei-seh, adj., (2) of unclear or ambiguous attitude or belief.
10. 灰沙 huei-sha, n., dust, sand dust.
11. 灰心 huei-shin, v.i. & adj., (feel) discouraged, disappointed, lose interest: 他灰心了 he is disheartened or 灰了心 ready to give up.
12. 灰鼠 huei-shuu, n., the squirrel.
13. 灰膛 huei-tarng, n., ash pan in stove.
14. 灰槽子 huei-tsaur-’tz, n., oldfashioned wooden ash box for pipe tobacco.
15. 灰土 huei-tuu, n., dust, mud.

奏 Num. Index: 12.81 tzouh .

V.i. & t. (1) To play music: 奏樂 ditto;
奏琴 play the piano;
奏鼓 beat the drum;
演奏 give a musical performance;
和奏 to play in harmony;
合奏 to play together, as a band or orchestra;
獨奏 (give) a solo;
彈奏 play (piano, violin);
二重奏 duet;
三重奏 trio;
吹奏 play (a wind in strument).
(2) Memorialize the emperor: 奏摺，奏疏，奏章，奏本 tzouh-jer, tzouh-shu, tzouh-jang, tzouh-been↓;
a memorial to the throne;
奏草，奏稿 a draft memorial: 奏對 (of ministers) to answer questions at an audience with the emperor;
陳奏，面奏，上奏 memorialize the throne in person;
先斬後奏 (a general empowered to) execute person on the spot without prior approval from the court.

Words 1. 奏案 tzouh-ahn, n., formerly, a matter laid before and approved by the throne.
2. 奏本 tzouh-been, n., a memorial to ruler.
3. 奏刀 tzouh-dau, v.t., (LL) to cut (meat) with butcher’s knife.
4. 奏功 tzouh-gung, v.i., be successful in undertaking.
5. 奏章 tzouh-jang, n., a memorial to ruler.
6. 奏摺 tzouh-jer, n., a memorial to the throne.
7. 奏捷 tzouh-jier, v.i., (1) be victorious (in war);
8. 奏捷 tzouh-jier, v.i., (2) to report news of victory to government.
9. 奏技 tzouh-jih, v.i., (of acrobats, singers, dancers) to stage a performance.
10. 奏凱 tzouh-kaai, v.i., be victorious in war.
11. 奏效 tzouh-shiauh, v.i., to show results.
12. 奏疏 tzouh-shu, n., a memorial to ruler.
13. 奏參 tzouh-tsan, v.t., impeach (an official) by means of a memorial to the throne.
14. 奏議 tzouh-yih, n., (1) memorandum on current national affairs submitted to the ruler;
15. 奏議 tzouh-yih, n., (2) a memorial to the throne.

丈 Num. Index: 12.82 jahng .

N. (1) Length of ten feet: 丈二金剛 a Buddhist statue twelve feet high, hence 摸不著頭腦 (a pun) “cannot reach to the head”－cannot make head or tail of;
丈六金身 a tall Buddhist idol.
(2) An older relative or person: 丈夫，丈人，丈母 jahng-fu, jahng-rern, jahng-muu↓;
老丈，老丈人 respectful address to elder person;
方丈 abbot;
國丈 elder statesman;
嶽丈，岳丈 father-in-law.

V.t. To measure land: 丈量 jahng-liarng↓.

Words 1. 丈夫 jahng-fu, n., (1) a husabnd;
2. 丈夫 jahng-fu, n., (2) a man: 大丈夫 a man of honor, an upright, fearless person.
3. 丈量 jahng-liarng, v.t., to survey land, establish dimensions of land officially.
4. 丈母 jahng-muu, n., mother-in-law;
5. 丈母 jahng-muu, n., (AC) elderly woman;
6. 丈母 jahng-muu, n., 丈母娘 mother-in-law.
7. 丈人 jahng-rern, n., father-in-law;
8. 丈人 jahng-rern, n., (AC) elderly person;
9. 丈人 jahng-rern, n., 丈人㶴 (court.) father-in-law;
10. 丈人 jahng-rern, n., 丈人行 a person of elder generation.

友 Num. Index: 12.82 yoou .

N. (1) A friend: 朋友 ditto;
好友，良友 good friends;
老友，舊友 old friends;
密友 close friends;
親友 friends and relatives;
賭友，酒友 gambling, drinking companions;
交友 make friends.
(2) Member of guild, class, school, profession: 教友，校友，級友 member of same church, school class;
affected reference to worker: 工友 “my labor friend”;
小朋友 clich� for school children and kindergarten kids.

V.t. (LL) 友其人 to befriend (person);
友之 become his friend.

Adj. Kind, friendly allied: 友邦 friendly country;
友軍 allied troops;
友黨 political parties maintaining friendly relations with one another.

Words 1. 友愛 yoou-aih, (1) v.t., to be good friends with;
2. 友愛 yoou-aih, to be kind to (brothers);
3. 友愛 yoou-aih, (2) adj., kind, amiable.
4. 友邦 yoou-bang, n., allied country, coungry maintaining friendly relations.
5. 友情 yoou-chirng, n., friendship.
6. 友好 yoou-haau, n., good friends.
7. 友朋 yoou-perng, n., friends.
8. 友人 yoou-rern, n., a friend.
9. 友善 yoou-shahn, v.t. & adj., to cultivate good relationships with, friendly.
10. 友生 yoou-sheng, n., (AC) friend.
11. 友誼 yoou-yih, n., friendship.

吏 Num. Index: 12.82 lih .

N. An official, a government clerk: 官吏 officialdom;
吏議 ministerial recommendations;
吏治 lih-jyh↓.

Words 1. 吏部 lih-buh, n., formerly, the Ministry of the Interior, in charge of the appointment, promotion, and dismissal of officials.
2. 吏治 lih-jyh, n., administration (good, bad) of officials.
3. 吏目 lih-muh, n., government clerks, minor officers.
4. 吏員 lih-yuarn, n., a minor official.

□ Num. Index: 12.83 behn . [Cogn. 奔 in 奔^命 12.20]

遼 Num. Index: 12.83 liaur .

N. (1) Name of Liao tribe in Inner Mongolia, 契丹 Kitan Tartars 901-1125 A.D..
(2) Name of river.

Adj. Distant, broad (interch. 寥 see 62.91).

Words 1. 遼東半島 Liaur-dung-Bahn-daau, n., the Liaotung Peninsula.
2. 遼隔 liaur-ger, adj., distantly apart.
3. 遼闊 liaur-kuoh¹, adj., broad (of desert, ocean) (also wr. 寥).
4. 遼廓 liaur-kuoh², adj., ditto.
5. 遼朗 liaur-laang, adj., serene.
6. 遼遼 liaur-liaur, adj., very distant.
7. 遼落 liaur-luoh, adj., distant, stretching a great distance.
8. 遼寧 liaur-nirng, n., a province in Manchuria.
9. 遼遠 liaur-yuaan, adj., distant.

迭 Num. Index: 12.83 dier .

Adv. (1) Repeatedly: 迭奏大札 repeatedly received your letters;
迭經催請 have asked (him) several times, to hurry up.
(3) 不迭 without stop.

Words 1. 迭次 dier-tsyh, adv., repeatedly, again and again.

套 Num. Index: 12.93 tauh .

N. adjunct. A set, series: 這一套衣服 this coat and pants, dress ensemble;
一套麻匠牌子 a set of mahjong;
一套東西 an odd lot of things.

N. (1) (tauh-tz, ’l) Cover, covering case: 枕套 pillowcase;
被套 bedding;
椅套 slip cover for chairs;
手套 gloves;
套鞋 tauh-shier↓;
外套 overcoat;
套衣，套褲 tauh-yi, tauh-kuh↓;
封套 envelope, folder;
筆套 case for writing brush;
書套 cloth case for a set of books;
信套 big envelope.
(2) Set: 整套傢具 a whole set of furniture;
套房，套版，套杯 tauh-farng, tauh-baan, tauh-bei↓.
(3) Trick, trap: 圈套 a trap;
落套，落了套中 fall into trap.
(4) Clich�, formula: 俗套，老套 (derog.) same old things, hackneyed phrases or statements;
客套，虛套 empty, routine compliments;
老是這一套 the same old things too often repeated.

V.t. (1) Fit over, slip over (as gloves, slip covers): 套上去，套進去 put into cover;
從頭上套下來 slip overhead (as pullovers);
套白狼 strangle from the back;
套半車 of widow with children remarrying.
(2) To harness: 套車 to get cart ready;
套馬 to harness horse to cart, to lasso horse.
(3) To trick into talking: 套口供，套出來 trick accused into confession or admitting details;
套頭裹腦 blindfold person.
(4) Bring close, attach: 套上交情，套拉攏 succeed in establishing friendship;
套近 hang around, become close to (person);
套紅 to add red coloring.
(5) Copy: 套樣 copy model;
套用成語 use hackneyed formulas;
套別人的話 borrow other’s phrases.

Words 1. 套版 tauh-baan, n., colored plates, ancient color wood-block printing, see tauh-seh-baan↓.
2. 套杯 tauh-bei, n., a set of cups, one inside another.
3. 套氣 tauh-’chih, n., formality (＝客氣).
4. 套房 tauh-farng, n., suite of rooms, hotel suite.
5. 套話 tauh-huah, n., conventionalities: 話况套話 loaded questions.
6. 套環兒 tauh-huar-’l, n., pretzellike eatable; a set of connected rings.
7. 套㶅 tauh-hueih, n., arbitrage.
8. 套價 tauh-jiah, n., cross rate.
9. 套間 tauh-jian, n., small side room adjacent to main room, see tauh-farng↑.
10. 套褲 tauh-kuh, n., leg sheaths or over trousers without hips that are tied over trousers.
11. 套連 tauh-liarn, v.i., connect up by ties.
12. 套禮 tauh-lii, n., conventional courtesies.
13. 套色版 tauh-seh-baan, n., anc. colored woodblocks; such printing.
14. 套鞋 tauh-shier, n., galoshes, rubbers.
15. 套數 tauh-shuh, n., (Yuan Dyn.) opera text without dialogues.
16. 套索 tauh-suoo, n., lasso.
17. 套衣 tauh-yi, n., outer garment.

蠢 Num. Index: 12.93 chuun .

Adj. (1) Stupid: 蠢材，蠢貨，蠢笨 chuun-tsair, chuun-huoh, chuun-behn↓;
蠢東西 (abuse) silly ass.
(2) Extremely fat, torpid.
(3) 蠢蠢 stirring, wriggling: 蠢蠢欲動 (of person) restless and about to start some move.

Words 1. 蠢笨 chuun-behn, n., (1) stupid; (2) awkward with hand movement.
2. 蠢貨 chuun-huoh, n., (abuse) silly fellow.
3. 蠢材 chuun-tsair, n., dull wit, nincompoop.

刳 Num. Index: 12S.00-2 ku .

V.t. To hew, plane: 刳木為舟 (AC) hew a tree trunk and shape it into a canoe.

剞 Num. Index: 12S.00-2 ji .

N. A carving or engraving knife.

V.t. To carve (wood block).

雄 Num. Index: 12S.11-9 shyurng .

N. (1) A hero, champion: 英雄 hero, conqueror, (also adj.) heroic;
一世之雄 champion, first man, of his generation.
(2) A powerful and rich man: 豪雄 ditto.

V.t. (Coll.) to shout or threaten with words: 拿話雄人 to intimidate with words.

Adj. (1) Male of species, orig. of birds: 雄雞，雄鳥 a cock, a male bird;
later also of beasts (bull, stallion, male pig, etc.) and of flowers, see 雄蕊 shyurng-rueei↓;
opp. to 雌 female, oft. in phr., 雌雄 “female and male”;
一決雌雄 see who is the stronger;
see another set of words for male and female in 牝, 牡 10C.70, 10C.11.
(2) Brave, valiant, strong: 雄壯 shyurng-juahng↓;
雄糾糾 very strong and handsome;
雄師，雄兵 strong, mighty army;
雄將 a brave general;
雄風 (AC) strong wind.
(3) Superior: 爭雄 see who is superior, to vie for supremacy;
稱雄 to be recognized as the master (among countries);
逞雄 to rely on superior power.
(4) Great, solid: 雄圖 shyurng-tur↓;
雄才大略 great talent, capable of doing great things;
雄厚 shyurng-houh↓.

Adv. Greatly, heroically, skillfully: 雄辯 shyurng-biahn↓;
雄飛 fly or soar aloft;
雄斷 make a heroic or skillful decision;
雄張 expand greatly.

Words 1. 雄辯 shyurng-biahn, phr., eloquence of speech, make skillful defense of case: 事實勝於雄辯 facts speak louder than words.
2. 雄氣 shyurng-chih, n., (AC) a spirited appearance.
3. 雄兒 shyurng-er-’l, n., (MC) a hero.
4. 雄藩 shyurng-farn, phr., powerful governors or feudal princes (Tang Dyn.).
5. 雄豪 shyurng-haur, (1) n., the powerful men of a locality or time;
6. 雄豪 shyurng-haur, (2) valiant (person).
7. 雄厚 shyurng-houh, adj., solid (wealth).
8. 雄花 shyurng-hua, n., (bot.) male (barren) flowers.
9. 雄黃 shyurng-huarng, n., (min.) realgar, flowers of sulphur: 雄黃酒 wine containing flowers of sulphur, said to cure snake bites, etc.
10. 雄渾 shyurng-hurn, adj., (of callig., prose) powerful, rich and satisfying.
11. 雄長 shyurng-jaang, n., (LL) an acknowledged master of a generation.
12. 雄鎮 shyurng-jehn, n., a strategic stronghold.
13. 雄健 shyurng-jiahn, adj., see shyurng-juahng↓.
14. 雄壯 shyurng-juahng, adj., stalwart (body), massive (financial power), impressive looking (person, army).
15. 雄蕊 shyurng-rueei, n., stamens.
16. 雄勝 shyurng-shehng, n., & adj., strategic place.
17. 雄心 shyurng-shin, n., life ambition: 雄心未死 still full of ambition, not willing to give up.
18. 雄雄 shyurng-shyurng, adj., (AC) resplendent.
19. 雄圖 shyurng-tur, n., (LL) great plans (also 鴻圖).
20. 雄姿 shyurng-tzy, n., handsome appearance.
21. 雄偉 shyurng-weei, adj., stately, magnificent, valiant, impressive.

郁 Num. Index: 12S.22-3 yuh .

N. A surname.

Adj. (1) Rich in aroma.
(2) Cultured: 郁郁 yuh-yuh↓.

Words 1. 郁馥 yuh-fuh, adj., rich in fragrance.
2. 郁烈 yuh-lieh, adj., sharp-smelling (liquor), pungent.
3. 郁李 yuh-lii, n., a prune, Prunus japonica.
4. 郁郁 yuh-yuh, adj., (1) as in 郁郁乎文哉 (AC) splendid in cultural attainments;
5. 郁郁 yuh-yuh, adj., (2) suffused with fragrance.

翃 Num. Index: 12S.50-5 hurng .

Adv. Descriptive of humming of insects.

鵪 Num. Index: 12S.50-9 an .

Words 1. 鵪鶉 an-churn (an-’chun), n., the quail.

鷯 Num. Index: 12S.50-9 liaur .

N. See 鷦 ^ 鷯 91S.50.

規 Num. Index: 12S.70-4 guei .

N. (1) Rules, regulations: 法規 laws and ordinances;
官規 rules of official conduct;
陋規 corrupt practices, illegal exactions, irregularities;
規例 guei-lih, 規範 guei-fahn, 規章 guei-jang, 規條 guei-tiaur, 規則 guei-tzer, 規程 guei-cherng, 規矩 guei-jyuh↓;
墨守成規 stick to precedents;
常規 normal regulations;
門規 family rules;
教規 religious rules;
校規 school rules;
犯規，違規 violate the rules.
(2) Instrument for drawing circles: 圓規 a pair of compasses;
半圓規 protractor.
(3) Specifications: 規格.

V.t. (1) To order, ordain, direct: 規勸 guei-chyuahn, 規諫 guei-jiahn, 規定 guei-dihng↓;
規過 persuade (s.o.) to follow the right path.
(2) To plan: 規畫 guei-huah↓.

Adj. Orderly, systematic: 規矩 guei-jyuh↓;
規規矩矩 (of persons) polite, law-abiding, (of conduct) unexceptionable;
規行矩步 strictly upright and correct (in behavior).

Words 1. 規避 guei-bih, v.t., evade (duties, responsibilities, etc);
2. 規避 guei-bih, v.t., also evade meeting person of opposite sex.
3. 規程 guei-cherng, n., rules, regulations, by-laws.
4. 規勸 guei-chyuahn, v.t., admonish.
5. 規定 guei-dihng, (1) v.t., regulate, prescribe;
6. 規定 guei-dihng, (2) n., rules, regulations.
7. 規範 guei-fahn, (1) n., a norm, criterion;
8. 規範 guei-fahn, (2) v.t., regulate by laws or rules.
9. 規費 guei-feih, n., customary payments or dues, fees.
10. 規復 guei-fuh, v.t. & n., restore to norm, rehabilitate, -tion.
11. 規畫 guei-huah, v.t. & n., to plan;
12. 規畫 guei-huah, v.t. & n., planning.
13. 規章 guei-jang, n., rules, regulations, by-laws.
14. 規正 guei-jehng, v.t., admonish.
15. 規諫 guei-jiahn, v.t., remonstrate with (one’s superior).
16. 規戒 guei-jieh, v.t., warn, reprove, admonish.
17. 規矩 guei-jyuh (guei-jyu), n., & adj., (1) a pair of compasses and T square;
18. 規矩 guei-jyuh (guei-jyu), n., & adj., (2) a custom, an established practice: 照規矩辦 follow the customary practice;
19. 規矩 guei-jyuh (guei-jyu), n., & adj., (3) adj., behaving properly, acting correctly: 守規矩 obedient to discipline, well-behaved;
20. 規矩 guei-jyuh (guei-jyu), n., & adj., 這人很規矩 the man is well-behaved.
21. 規例 guei-lih, n., precedents established practices.
22. 規律 guei-lyuh, n., rules, statutes.
23. 規模 guei-’mor, n., scope, scale, magnitude: 規模不小 by no means a small scale;
24. 規模 guei-’mor, n., 很有規模 of a respectable size or magnitude.
25. 規條 guei-tiaur, n., detailed rules or provisions for gen. observance.
26. 規則 guei-tzer, n., rules, regulations, prescribed procedure.
27. 規約 guei-yue, n., a written agreement.

飆 Num. Index: 12S.70-4 biau .

N. Storm, hurricane, usu. 飆風.

匏 Num. Index: 12S.70-9 paur .

N. Bottle-shaped gourd;
one of eight categories of ancient music, using gourd shell as resonance box.

Words 1. 匏瓜 paur-gua, n., gourd, calabash.
2. 匏繫 paur-shih, n., (LL allu.) hanging gourd shell, a useless or unemployed person.
3. 匏尊 paur-tzun, n., (AC) gourd shell as wine cup.

頰 Num. Index: 12S.80-3 jiar .

N. The jaw, the cheeks: 臉頰 cheeks;
掌頰 give (s.o.) a slap on the face, box the ear;
批頰 ditto;
腮頰 the jaws.

Words 1. 頰骨 jiar-guu, n., the cheekbone.

□ Num. Index: 12S.81-1 shiahn . [Pop. of 獻 21S.81]

欹 Num. Index: 12S.81-9 yi . [Interch. 猗 91C.00]

攲 Num. Index: 12S.82-1 chi .

V.i. To lean to one side: 傾攲 ditto;
攲器 a lopsided vessel apt to lean over.

瓠 Num. Index: 12S.83-9 huh .

N. (1) Gourd, calabash.
(2) An ancient surname.

Words 1. 瓠果 huh-guoo, n., gourd, calabash.
2. 瓠落 huh-luoh, adj., (AC) useless.
3. 瓠犀 huh-shi, n., melon seeds: 齒如瓠犀 (AC) beautiful and even teeth (of women), like a row of melon seeds.

擎 Num. Index: 20.00 chirng .

V.i. & t. To hold arms up high, as to receive s.t.: 擎受 extend arms to receive;
擎拳 brandish a closed first aloft;
擎起 hold s.t. up;
擎槍 to present arms.

Words 1. 擎手 chirng-shoou, v.i., (1) to hold arms up;
2. 擎手 chirng-shoou, v.i., (2) to “hold,”i. e., stop movement.
3. 擎天柱 chirng-tian-juh, n., a pillar of strength (“supporting sky”).

某 Num. Index: 20.01 moou .

Pron. & adj. Pronominal adjective denoting indeterminate, unspecified person or thing, like “a certain,” “Mr. X”: 某人，地 a certain person, place;
某年，月 a certain year, month;
某種 a certain kind;
某些人 certain persons;
王某張某 a certain Mr. Wang, Mr. Chang;
pron., (AC) 某在斯，某在斯 (showing to a blind person) who is here and who is here;
(LL) sometimes used (court.) in place of “I”;
某不敢同意 I cannot agree.

綦 Num. Index: 20.01 chir .

N. A surname;
straps for sandals.

Adv. (LL) very: 綦繁 very complicated;
綦重 very heavy;
綦嚴 very severe.

Words 1. 綦綺 chir-chii, n., a textile with crisscross surface.
2. 綦巾 chir-jin, n., (AC) woman’s greenish scarf.

□ Num. Index: 20.01 rurng . [Abbr. of 榮 91.01]

□ Num. Index: 20.01 chir . [Anc. var. of 棋 10B.80]

檠 Num. Index: 20.01 chirng .

N. (1) 燈檠 lamp stand;
a plate with leg supports.
(2) 檠枻 (AC) device for holding crossbow in position.

恭 Num. Index: 20.02 gung .

N. (1) A surname.
(2) Feces: 出恭 to move bowels;
恭桶 gung-tuung↓.

V.t. To reverence, to respect: 恭維 gung-’wei↓.

Adj. & adv. Polite(ly), respectful(ly): 恭敬 gung-’jihng↓;
恭賀 felicitate, congratulate;
恭祝 ditto;
恭候 patiently wait to welcome;
恭請 cordially invite;
恭送 solemnly bid (s.o.) Godspeed;
恭順 gung-shuhn↓;
恭本 gung-’ben↓;

Words 1. 恭本 gung-’ben, adj., serious (in deportment), earnest: 恭本正傳 to talk in all seriousness, not jokingly.
2. 恭敬 gung-’jihng, v.t. & adj., (1) v.t., to respect;
3. 恭敬 gung-’jihng, v.t. & adj., (2) adj., respectful.
4. 恭人 gung-rern, n., formerly, wives of high officials.
5. 恭喜 gung-shii, n. & v.t., (1) congratulate (-tions);
6. 恭喜 gung-shii, n. & v.t., (2) work, (hold) an appointment: 您在那裡恭喜 where are you working?
7. 恭順 gung-shuhn, v.i. & adj., (be) submissive, complaisant.
8. 恭桶 gung-tuung, n., a commode.
9. 恭維 gung-’wei, v.t., to wish (luck, health) to praise;
10. 恭維 gung-’wei, v.t., 不敢恭維 “dare not sing praises of”－an understatement for condemning s.t. bad.

革 Num. Index: 20.10 ger (*jir ).

N. (1) Animal hides without hair: 毛革 furs and hides;
皮革 leather;
革囊 a leather case or bag;
革履 leather shoes;
兵革 weapons of war, also gen. warfare;
老革 (coll.) an aged soldier;
膚革 the human skin.
(2) A musical instrument made of leather, spec. a drum.
(3) A aurname.

V.t. Remove, get rid of, dismiss, change, reform: 革命 ger-mihng↓;
革面洗心 (of a person with a past) become a new man, start life anew;
革心 to change one’s heart;
革退 to dismiss;
革員 to cut the number of employees;
革除 ger-chur, 革職 ger-jyr↓;
革新 ger-shin↓;
改革 to reform;
變革 replace the old with the new;
興革 introduce reforms;
革故鼎新 discard the old ways of life in favor of the new;
沿革 origins and development of an institution.

Adj. (*jir) (LL) critical, dangerous (＝急): 疾革 (of illness) in a critical stage;
病革 ditto.

Words 1. 革除 ger-chur, v.t., expel, dismiss, get rid of.
2. 革職 ger-jyr, v.t., to dismiss, be dismissed, from office.
3. 革命 ger-mihng, (1) n., revloution: 革命黨，革命軍 a revolutionary party, army;
4. 革命 ger-mihng, 革命家 a revolutionist;
5. 革命 ger-mihng, (2) v.i., to revolt, overthrow the established authorities;
6. 革新 ger-shin, v.i., & t. to reform, innovate, change for the better.

基 Num. Index: 20.11 ji .

N. (1) The foundation or base of buildings: 奠基 to lay the foundation stone;
基石 cornerstone;
基層 ji-tserng↓.
(2) (Chem.) redicals.
(3) Basis: 基本 ji-been↓;
根基 groundwork, roots.

Prep. According to, for: 基於 according to;
基此理由 for this reason.

Words 1. 基本 ji-been, n., basis, fundamentals;
2. 基本 ji-been, adj., basic (education, etc.).
3. 基礎 ji-chuu (ji-’chu), n., (lit. & fig.) a foundation.
4. 基調 ji-diauh, n., (1) central theme;
5. 基調 ji-diauh, n., (2) (music) the keynote.
6. 基地 ji-dih, n., (mil.) base of operations.
7. 基督 ji-du, n., Christ;
8. 基督 ji-du, n., 基督教 Christianity;
9. 基督 ji-du, n., 基督徒 a Christian;
10. 基督 ji-du, n., 基督會 (rel.) Church of Christ.
11. 基多 Ji-duo, n., Quito, the capital of Ecuador.
12. 基爾特 ji-eel-teh, n., (translit.) guild.
13. 基輔 Ji-fuu, n., Kiev.
14. 基金 ji-jin, n., an endowment fund: 洛氏基金，福特基金 the Rockefeller, Ford Foundation.
15. 基準 ji-juun, n., (1) criteria;
16. 基準 ji-juun, n., (2) (math.) postulates.
17. 基址 ji-jyy¹, n., a building site, base.
18. 基趾 ji-jyy², n., a basis on which anything rests.
19. 基線 ji-shiahn, n., (math.) a base line.
20. 基數 ji-shuh, n., (1) (math.) the basic numbers from one to nine;
21. 基數 ji-shuh, n., (2) (math.) a constant figure on which later terms of a series are calculated.
22. 基層 ji-tserng, n., the basic unit, grassroots, the lowest level, substratum.
23. 基業 ji-yeh, n., an empire built up by the founder of a dynasty or of a business enterprise, the family estate, an heirloom.
24. 基音 ji-yin, n., (phys.) a fundamental (tone) (opp. 諧音 harmonics).

堇 Num. Index: 20.11 jiin (also jihn ). [U.f. 僅 91A.11, only; pop of 堇 20A.11]

井 Num. Index: 20.20 jiing .

N. (1) A well: 井水 well water;
井闌 jiing-larn↓;
井口 the mouth of a well;
井水不犯河水 none may encroach upon the precincts of another;
投井，跳井 drown oneself in a well;
枯井 a dried-up well;
鹽井，油井 salt wells, oil wells;
鑿井 well-digging.
(2) An ancient system of farming and land distribution: 井田 jiing-tiarn↓.
(3) A surname.

Words 1. 井拔涼 jiing-’ba-liarng, n., cool fresh water from a well.
2. 井底蛙 jirng-dii-wa, n., a person with a limited outlook (“a frog living at the bottom of a well”).
3. 井井 jirng-jiing, adj., neat, tidy, well-arranged: 井井有條 in an orderly manner.
4. 井臼 jiing-jiouh, n, domestic work, household management (“drawing water and pounding rice”).
5. 井闌 jiing-larn, n., (1) well curb;
6. 井闌 jiing-larn, n., (2) (AC) scaffolding for attacking city walls.
7. 井然 jiing-rarn, adj., well arranged, in good order, tidy.
8. 井臺兒 jiing-tar-’l, n., a raised platform by hte side of a well.
9. 井田 jiing-tiarn, n., an ancient system of cutting farm land into nine squares in the pattern of character 井, the center square being communal farm, the surrounding eight private.
10. 井蛙 jiing-wa, n., see jiing-dii-wa↑.
11. 井窩子 jiing-wo-tz, n., formerly, a place near a well where sellers of well water lived in Peiping.
12. 井鹽 jiing-yarn, n., salt from salt wells.

廿 Num. Index: 20.21 niahn . [Usu. wr. □]

N. The number twenty (also wr. 念 81.72): 念載 or 廿載 twenty years.

甚 Num. Index: 20.21 shehn (*shern , *sher ).

Adj. (1) (*shern) What, what kind: 甚麼 shern-’mo↓;
甚樣 shern-yahng↓;
甚般 shern-ban↓;
short for 甚麼：甚人，甚事，甚地 what person, business, place;
甚時，甚日 what time, day.
(2) (AC) fast (related 迅): 甚風，甚雨 fast-driving wind, rain;
甚口 fast talker.

Adv. Very, very much, quite: 甚好，甚佳，甚善 very good;
甚壞，甚惡 very bad;
甚大，甚小 very big, very small;
甚多，甚少 very much or many, very little or few, etc.;
甚可疑 very suspicious;
甚不壞 not bad indeed;
oft. in comb. 甚為，甚是 instead of 甚 for rhythmic reason;
thus 甚是可疑，甚是不壞;
甚是可人 very lovable;
甚有道理 (term of approval) quite right;
太甚 too much;
欺人太甚 has gone too far in insult or injury;
莫為己甚 don’t drive s.o. into a corner.

Words 1. 甚般 shern-ban, adj. & adv., (MC) how (solitary, sad, etc.)＝modn. 怎般.
2. 甚處 shern-chuh, adv., where.
3. 甚的 shern-’de, n., (short for 甚麼的) what: 這柬帖說個甚的 what does this note say? 管他作（做）甚 what do you care to bother about it?
4. 甚而 shehn-erl, adv., even, go so far as to: 甚而打起來 even came to blows.
5. 甚至 shern-jyh, adv., see shehn-erl,↑: 甚至趕他出門 even throw him out of the house: also 甚至於 go so far as to.
6. 甚麼 sher-’mo (weak form of shern-’mo, also shyr-’mo, wr. 什麼), pron. & adj., (1) what: 你作甚麼 or 甚麼事 what are you doing? 甚麼人，甚麼地方 what man (who), what place (where);
7. 甚麼 sher-’mo (weak form of shern-’mo, also shyr-’mo, wr. 什麼), pron. & adj., 甚麼意思 what do you (does it) mean?
8. 甚麼 sher-’mo (weak form of shern-’mo, also shyr-’mo, wr. 什麼), pron. & adj., (2) any, anyting: 想甚麼，說甚麼 say whatever comes to mind;
9. 甚麼 sher-’mo (weak form of shern-’mo, also shyr-’mo, wr. 什麼), pron. & adj., 沒有甚麼不好 do not see anything wrong with it;
10. 甚麼 sher-’mo (weak form of shern-’mo, also shyr-’mo, wr. 什麼), pron. & adj., (3) some or other: 不知誰說甚麼話 I do not know who said something or other (to offend him);
11. 甚麼 sher-’mo (weak form of shern-’mo, also shyr-’mo, wr. 什麼), pron. & adj., 甚麼姓張的 a certain Mr. 張；
12. 甚麼 sher-’mo (weak form of shern-’mo, also shyr-’mo, wr. 什麼), pron. & adj., 忽然看見一個甚麼妖怪 suddenly we saw a I-do-not-konw-what monster;
13. 甚麼 sher-’mo (weak form of shern-’mo, also shyr-’mo, wr. 什麼), pron. & adj., 甚麼樣 sher-’mo-yahng, adj. & adv., what kind of (animal, dress. etc.).
14. 甚恁底 shern-rehn-’dii, adv., (MC) ＝甚怎的，甚麼的 what, see sher-’mo↑, shern-yahng↓.
15. 甚日 *shern-ryh, n., what day.
16. 甚是 shehn-shyh, adv., very＝甚, see 甚 Adv.↑;
17. 甚是 shehn-shyh, adv., identical with 甚為 shern-weir↓.
18. 甚時 shern-shyr, n., what time.
19. 甚為 shehn-weir, phr., very, identical with 甚, see Adv. ↑: 甚為不恭 very impolite.
20. 甚樣 shern-yahng, adj., what kind (short for 甚麼樣) see sher-’mo↑.

警 Num. Index: 20.40 jiing .

N. (1) Short for 警察 the police: 刑警 criminal police;
法警 judicial police;
警方 the police authorities;
報警 report to the police;
警棍 police baton;
警探 jiing-tahn↓;
巡警 a policeman;
稅警 customs police;
警官 jiing-guan↓;
警界 police circles.
(2) Short for 警報, an alarm signal: 火警 fire alarm;
邊警 alarm of a border raid;
聞警 learning of an alarm.

V.t. (1) Guard against, garrison: 警備 jiing-beih↓.
(2) Warn, admonish: 警告 jiing-gauh, 警戒 jiing-jieh, 警世 jiing-shyh↓;
以警將來 serve as a warning for the future.
(3) To alert: 警惕 jiing-tih, 警悟 jiing-wuh¹, 警覺 jiing-jyuer↓.

Adj. (1) Alert, vigilant: 機警 show vigilance, on the alert.
(2) To the point, apropos, apposite: 警句 jiing-jyuh, 警語 jiing-yuu, 警策 jiing-tseh↓.

Words 1. 警報 jiing-bauh, n. & v.i., (to sound) an alarm (of fire, raid).
2. 警備 jiing-beih, v.t., to garrison: 警備部隊 garrison forces;
3. 警備 jiing-beih, v.t., 警備司令部 Garrison Command.
4. 警標 jiing-biau, n., a beacon, a lighthouse, a buoy.
5. 警蹕 jiing-bih, n., a temporary curfew imposed on roads where the emperor passed.
6. 警察 jiing-char, n., the police, policemen: 警察局 police station or department.
7. 警犬 jirng-chyuaan, n., a police dog.
8. 警笛 jiing-dir, n., a police whistle.
9. 警動 jiing-duhng, v.t., arouse, attract attention of.
10. 警告 jiing-gauh, v.t., warn, put on guard, caution.
11. 警官 jiing-guan, n., a police officer.
12. 警鼓 jirng-guu, n., an alarm drum.
13. 警號 jiing-hauh, n., a warning signal.
14. 警長 jirng-jaang, n., a police chief.
15. 警章 jiing-jang, n., police regulations.
16. 警枕 jirng-jeen, n., a piece of hard wood used as a pillow to keep the sleeper from sleeping too soundly.
17. 警角 jirng-jiaau, n., a military bugle.
18. 警戒 jiing-jieh, (1) v.i., hold oneself ready to meet enemy moves;
19. 警戒 jiing-jieh, (2) v.t., warn, caution: 警戒色 (zoo.) a warning color of insects.
20. 警鐘 jiing-jung, n., an alarm bell.
21. 警覺 jiing-jyuer, n., vigilance: 提高警覺 maintain a high degree of vigilance.
22. 警句 jiing-jyuh, n., a sparkling sentence.
23. 警鈴 jiing-lirng, n., a siren, an electric alarm.
24. 警人 jiing-rern, adj., exciting, fascinating.
25. 警信 jiing-shihn, n., a warning signal.
26. 警醒 jiing-shiing, adj., sleeping lightly, keeping alert.
27. 警世 jiing-shyh, v.i., serve as a warning to the world at large.
28. 警探 jiing-tahn, n., a police detective.
29. 警惕 jiing-tih, v.i., be extra cautious, alert.
30. 警策 jiing-tseh, n., (of literary works) startling or revealing passages.
31. 警宪 jiing-weih, n., guards, troops on duty to protect (a city, military camp).
32. 警悟 jiing-wuh¹, v.i., sharply aware (to dangers ahead, one’s past mistakes, etc.).
33. 警務 jiing-wuh², n., police affairs.
34. 警員 jiing-yuarn, n., policemen.
35. 警語 jirng-yuu, n., see jiing-jyuh↑.

帉 Num. Index: 20.40 chir . [Var. of 棋 10B.80]

甘 Num. Index: 20.14 gan .

N. A surname.

V.t. (1) Be willing to, pleased, contented or satisfied with: 心甘情願 of one’s free will;
不甘 unwilling;
心有未甘 be somewhat dissatisfied;
自甘退讓 be prepared to give way to s.o. else;
甘願 gan-yuahn, 甘心 gan-shin↓.
(2) Be fond of: 甘酒嗜音 be fond of wine and music.

Adj. & adv. Sweet(ly), pleasant (ly): 甘美 gan-meei, 甘味 gan-weih↓;
甘甜 sweet;
甘芳 fragrant;
甘睡 a sweet sleep;
甘言 sweet, decep tive words;
甘苦 gan-kuu↓;
甘棠 a wild, small pear;
甘棠遺愛 (allu.) sweet memories left behind by a popular official after his retirement.

Words 1. 甘地 Gan-dih, n., Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the Mahatma, 1869-1948.
2. 甘汞 gan-guung, n., (chem.) calomel.
3. 甘蔗 gan-’jeh, n., sugar cane.
4. 甘蕉 gan-jiau, n., (bot.) the banana, Sapientum.
5. 甘菊 gan-jyur, n., (bot.) camomile, Chrysanthemum sinense.
6. 甘旨 gan-jyy, n., delicacies.
7. 甘苦 gan-kuu, n., (1) prosperity and adversity, joys and pains: 同甘共苦，甘苦與共 share with s.o. both prosperity and adversity;
8. 甘苦 gan-kuu, n., (2) as in 個中甘苦 the taste (experiences) of life;
9. 甘苦 gan-kuu, n., 甘苦自知 one knows best what one has gone through with.
10. 甘藍 gan-larn, n., (bot.) Brassica oleracea, and its derivatives the cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and kale.
11. 甘霖 gan-lirn, n., timely rain after a long drought.
12. 甘露 gan-luh, n., (1) the sweet dew;
13. 甘露 gan-luh, n., (2) (fig.) benefits from the ruler.
14. 甘美 gan-meei, adj., pleasant to the taste, sweet and tasty.
15. 甘心 gan-shin, v.i. & adj., (be) pleased, willing: 甘心情願 be of one’s free will;
16. 甘心 gan-shin, v.i. & adj., 死也甘心 be willing even if one had to die for it;
17. 甘心 gan-shin, v.i. & adj., 死不甘心 die with regret (wrong unavenged);
18. 甘心 gan-shin, v.i. & adj., 甘心樂意 be perfectly happy.
19. 甘休 gan-shiou, v.t., be willing to let go or give up (lawsuit, quarrel) (also wr. 干休).
20. 甘藷 gan-shuh, n., (bot.) the sweet potato (also 香薯，山芋).
21. 甘薯 gan-shuu, n., (＝甘藷↑) see gan-shuh↑.
22. 甘遂 gan-sueih, n., (bot.) Siebold’s spurge.
23. 甘草 gan-tsaau, n., (bot.) Glycyrrhiza glabra, licorice;
24. 甘草 gan-tsaau, n., (Chin. med.) the dried root of licorice used as an expectorant or laxative or for other purposes.
25. 甘味 gan-weih, n., (1) sweet flavor;
26. 甘味 gan-weih, n., (2) appetite for food: 食不甘味 has no appetite for food (in deep sorrow).
27. 甘油 gan-your, n., (chem.) glycerine, glycerole.
28. 甘願 gan-yuahn, adj. & adv., willing, -ly, of one’s own accord.

昔 Num. Index: 20.41 shir .

N. (1) Ancient times or days: 古昔 in ancient days;
夙昔，往昔 in the early days.
(2) (AC, u. f. 夕) night: 通昔不寐 could not sleep all night.

Adj. Past (days, years), ancient, see compp.↓.

Words 1. 昔者 shir-jee, adv. phr., (LL) in former days.
2. 昔酒 shir-jioou, n., wine of old vintage.
3. 昔年 shir-niarn, adv., in years past.
4. 昔人 shir-rern, n., the ancient people.
5. 昔日 shir-ryh, adv., in former days, in the early days.
6. 昔時 shir-shyr, adv., in former times.

曹 Num. Index: 20.41 tsaur . [Abbr. □]

N. (1) A surname.
(2) (LL, AC) plural particle (＝vern. 們): 吾曹，爾曹，彼曹 we, you, they;
兒曹 you children;
(AC) group (of beasts).
(3) Staff: 部曹，官曹 ministry officials, staff;
六曹 the six ministries;
功曹 officers on duty;
賊曹 rebels, bandits;
(MC) police department;
陰曹，天曹 officials in the nether world.
(4) Shift of duty: 分曹 different shifts of work.
(5) U.f. 造，兩曹 two parties in lawsuit (＝兩造).
(6) U.f. 槽 stables.

□ Num. Index: 20.42 ji .

N. A full year: □年 a full year;
□服 one year’s mourning.

驚 Num. Index: 20.50 jing .

V.i. & t. To frighten, startle, (p.p.) feel frightened: 驚怕 jing-pah, 驚駭 jing-haih, 驚慌 jing-huang↓;
驚天動地 world-shaking;
驚弓之鳥 a oncebitten person;
驚走 frightened away;
大驚 be astounded, frightened;
吃驚 get a fright, give a start;
可驚 startling, frightening, alarming;
又驚又喜 be pleasantly surprised;
心驚肉跳 nerve-racking, make one’s flesh creep;
這匹馬驚了 the horse has bolted.

Adj. Violent, furious, fierce: 驚風駭浪 tempestuous winds and waves;
驚湍 rapid currents;
驚濤 raging waves.

Words 1. 驚奇 jing-chir, (1) v.i., show surprise, astonishment;
2. 驚奇 jing-chir, (2) shocking (event).
3. 驚倒 jing-daau, v.i., fall down from fright.
4. 驚動 jing-’duhng (jing-’dung), v.t., (1) to trouble, disturb;
5. 驚動 jing-’duhng (jing-’dung), v.t., (2) startle: 這個消息，驚動了全城的人 this news created a sensation in the city.
6. 驚愕 jing-eh, v.i., be startled, surprised, taken aback.
7. 驚風 jing-feng, n., (1) (Chin. med.) spasms, convulsions esp. in children;
8. 驚風 jing-feng, n., (2) furious winds.
9. 驚服 jing-fur, v.i., be overawed.
10. 驚怪 jing-guaih, v.i., see jing-chir↑.
11. 驚閨 jing-guei, n., a pedler’s rattle used to draw prospective buyers’ attention;
12. 驚閨 jing-guei, n., 驚閨葉 jing-gue-yeh, a string of small metal sheets used as a rattle by knife-sharpeners to draw people’s attention.
13. 驚汗 jing-hahn, v.i., to sweat from fright.
14. 驚駭 jing-haih, v.i., be scared, terrified, frightened.
15. 驚慌 jing-huang, v.i., be alarmed, startled.
16. 驚惶 jing-huarng, v.i., be taken by surprise: 驚惶失措 be paralyzed by fear.
17. 驚魂 jing-hurn, n., the state of being terrified, frightened: 驚魂甫定 have hardly recovered from a recent shock.
18. 驚鴻 jing-hurng, n., as in 翩若驚鴻 (of woman) as graceful as a frightened swan;
19. 驚鴻 jing-hurng, n., a beautiful woman: 驚鴻一瞥 barely catch a glimpse of a passing beauty.
20. 驚蟄 jing-jer, n., one of the 24 solar terms in a year, usu. falling on March 5 or 6;
21. 驚蟄 jing-jer, n., see Appendix B.
22. 驚悸 jing-jih, v.i., be alarmed, startled.
23. 驚恐 jing-kuung, v.i., be scared, terrified, frightened.
24. 驚怕 jing-pah, v.t., to fear, be afraid.
25. 驚擾 jing-raau, v.t., to trouble, disturb, bother.
26. 驚人 jing-rern, adj., astonishing, amazing, surprising, shocking, frightening: 驚人之筆 extraordinarily forceful phrases.
27. 驚醒 jing-shiing, (1) v.i. & t., (pr. jing-shiing) wake up or cause to wake up;
28. 驚醒 jing-shiing, (2) (pr. jing-’shing) adj., sleeping lightly and easily roused.
29. 驚心 jing-shin, adj., shocking, terrifying, dreadful: 驚心動魄 hair-raising, struck with fright or horror.
30. 驚歎 jing-tahn, v.i., exclaim in surprise: 驚歎號 jing-tahn-hauh, n., the exclamation mark (!).
31. 驚堂木 jing-tarng-muh, n., a gravel used by judge in court.
32. 驚座 jing-tzuoh, v.i., give a shock to the audience: 語驚四座 his words electrified his listeners.
33. 驚訝 jing-yah, v.i., be surprised, alarmed.
34. 驚異 jing-yih, v.i., be astonished, astounded, feel curious, strange, extraordinary.
35. 驚疑 jing-yir, v.i., be bewildered, feel doubtful, be apprehensive.

燕 Num. Index: 20.63 yahn (*yan ).

N. (1) (yahn-tz) The swallow, the martin, swift: 燕巢幕上 the swallow makes its nest in a tent－not aware of its danger.
(2) Short for 燕窩 yahn-wo↓;
南燕 edible swallow’s nest from the south;
官燕 the best kind of swallow’s nest.
(3) (*yan) (a) Name of anc. kingdom where Peiping is: 燕京 yahn-jing↓;
(b) a surname.

Adj. At ease, relaxed, happy: 新婚燕爾 happy wedding;
燕安，燕居 yahn-an, yahn-jyu↓.

Words 1. 燕安 yahn-an, adj., at home relaxed, peaceful.
2. 燕蝙蝠 yahn-biaan-fur, n., (dial.) the bat.
3. 燕雀兒 yahn-chiaau-’l, n., the mountain finch.
4. 燕好 yahn-haau, adj., (AC, LL) enjoying marital happiness.
5. 燕剪 yahn-jiaan, n., swallow’s tail (shaped like scissors).
6. 燕京 Yan-jing, n., ancient name of Peiping (Peking).
7. 燕居 yahn-jyu, phr., to live at home (when one is by oneself).
8. 燕麥 yahn-maih, n., wild oats.
9. 燕享 yahn-shiaang, v.i., to enjoy offering of food (also wr. 燕饗，宴饗).
10. 燕私 yahn-sy, v.i., (AC) to enjoy private life, rest at home.
11. 燕菜 yahn-tsaih, n., see yahn-wo↓.
12. 燕子花 yahn-tz-hua, n., (bot.) the iris.
13. 燕婉 yahn-waan, adj., (AC) friendly.
14. 燕尾服 yahn-weei-fur, n., swallow-tailed (coat).
15. 燕窩 yahn-wo, n., edible bird’snest, nest of cliff swallow, regarded a delicacy.
16. 燕翼 yahn-yih, phr., (AC) plan and provision for children and grandchildren.
17. 燕樂 yahn-yueh, (1) n., (a) (AC) music at ceremonial banquet;
18. 燕樂 yahn-yueh, (b) (MC) (*yan) music introduced from northwest;
19. 燕樂 yahn-yueh, (2) (yahn-leh) v.i., to dine and wine (also wr. 宴樂).

巷 Num. Index: 20.70 shiahng .

N. (shiahng-tz, ’l) Alleyway, alley: 大街小巷 streets and alleys;
狹巷 a narrow alley;
黑巷 a dark alley;
陋巷 (living in) a narrow lane;
萬人空巷 the whole town turns out to see some great event;
街頭巷尾 in street corners, (gossip) in the streets;
巷議 public gossip;
巷戰 battle in the streets;
巷遇 meet in an alley.

Words 1. 巷口 shiahng-koou, n., exit or entrance to alley.
2. 巷陌 shiahng-moh, n., streets and alleys, alleyway.

□ Num. Index: 20.72 chirn .

Adj. & adv. Earnest, -ly (see 勤 20S.50, Adj.).

戁 Num. Index: 20.72 naan .

Adj. (AC) (1) ashamed.
(2) Reverend, respectful.

共 Num. Index: 20.80 guhng .

N. Short for Communist (party): 共黨 a Communist, the Communist Party;
中共，俄共 the Chinese, Russian Communist Party;
共諜 Communist agents;
反共 anti-Communist.

V.t. To share (s.t.) with (s.o.): 休戚與共 share joy and sorrow;
同甘共苦 share prosperity and adversity;
與朋友共 share (s.t.) with one’s friends.

Adj. (1) Common, joint, mutual, collective: 共同 guhng-turng↓;
共有 joint possession;
共管 joint management or control: 國際共管 international control;
共濟（會） (society for) mutual assistance;
共存 coexistence;
共榮 coprosperity: 東亞共榮圈 East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere;
共享 enjoy in common.
(2) Total: 共計 the sum total;
總共，合共，一共 the total amount.

Adv. Together: 共事 work together as colleagues;
同舟共濟 people in the same boat (should) help each other;
同生共死 live and die together.

Words 1. 共產 guhng-chaan, adj., Communist: 共產黨 a Communist (Party);
2. 共產 guhng-chaan, adj., 共產主義 Communism;
3. 共產 guhng-chaan, adj., 共產國際 Communist International (Comintern);
4. 共產 guhng-chaan, adj., 共產集團 Communist bloc.
5. 共棲 guhng-chi, n., (biol.) symbiosis (also 共生).
6. 共軛角 guhng-eh-jiaau, n., (math.) conjugate angles.
7. 共犯 guhng-fahn, n., an accomplice.
8. 共和 guhng-her, adj., republican;
9. 共和 guhng-her, adj., 共和國 guhng-her-guor, n., a republic;
10. 共和 guhng-her, adj., 共和黨 the Republican Party.
11. 共鳴 guhng-mirng, n., (1) (phys.) sympathetic vibration or resonance;
12. 共鳴 guhng-mirng, n., (2) sympathy, sympathetic understanding: 他這種表現，引起了共鳴 his action has aroused much sympathy.
13. 共生 guhng-sheng, n., (biol.) symbiosis (also 共棲↑).
14. 共性 guhng-shihng, n., common traits or characteristics.
15. 共同 guhng-turng, (1) adj., common, collective, joint: 共同興趣，共同目標common interests, goal;
16. 共同 guhng-turng, 共同努力，共同奮𥌓 collective or joint efforts, endeavors;
17. 共同 guhng-turng, 採取共同行動 take united or concerted action;
18. 共同 guhng-turng, 共同負責 joint responsibility;
19. 共同 guhng-turng, 共同市㪫 Common Market;
20. 共同 guhng-turng, (2) adv., together: 共同生活 live together as husband and wife.

其 Num. Index: 20.80 chir (-*ji ).

Fin. part. (’ji) (AC) interrogative particle: 夜如何其，夜未央 How is the night? It is not dawn yet.

Pron. (1) (Possessive pron.) his, her, its, their: 其子 his son;
其貌不揚 his face is ugly;
其心可誅 his motive is execrable;
不得其門而入 could not find its entrance or proper approach.
(2) In Chinese sentence construction: (a) the use of 其 as “its” often follows a n. clause, which describes the antecedent first: 鳥之將死;
其鳴也哀 when a bird is dying, its cry is pitiful;
周雖舊邦，其命維新 although Chou is an old country, its destiny (mandate) is new;
(b) “its” is used often to denote place or time: 其先 in the beginning;
其前 in front of it;
其後 later, or behind.
(3) That: 其何以堪 can one stand that? 其奈我何 can I be stopped by that?

Adj. (1) (Demonstrative) that: 其人其事 that man and that business;
其父其子 a chip off the old block.
(2) (AC) 其 often stands for “it is”, following directly the antecedent n.: 北風其涼 the north wind－it’s cold;
雨雪其雱 it snows－and it is heavy snow.

Adv. & Conj. (1) (Interrogative) 其…乎 can it be …? (=豈乎…): 一之為甚，其可再乎 once is bad enough, must it happen a second time?
(2) (Optative) or: 誠愛趙乎，其憎趙乎 does he really love the Jauh country, or rather doesn’t he hate it?
(3) (Emphatic) indeed: 然乎，不其然乎 is it so? is it not so? 才難，不其然乎 talent is rare to come by, isn’t it so indeed?
(4) (Imperative) in an order, like English “let”: 其以沛為朕沐邑 let Paih be designated as my resort town;
其各凜遵 let all obey this order carefully;
其毋 let not.

Words 1. 其間 chir-jian, prep. phr. & n., (relationship) in between;
2. 其間 chir-jian, prep. phr. & n., that interval;
3. 其間 chir-jian, prep. phr. & n., the inside (aspect).
4. 其中 chir-jung, prep. phr. & n., among (a group);
5. 其中 chir-jung, prep. phr. & n., inside (a situation).
6. 其內 chir-neih, n. & adv. phr., inside: 車錢也在其內 (or 在內) transportation expenses included.
7. 其實 chir-shyr, adv. phr., in reality, as a matter of fact.
8. 其他 chir-ta (coll. chir-tuo), phr., and others, often 及其他 and others;
9. 其他 chir-ta (coll. chir-tuo), phr., the other (persons, things): 其他作品 and other works.
10. 其次 chir-tsyh, n. & adv., next in importance: 費用還在其次 money expenses are a minor consideration.
11. 其外 chir-waih, n. & adv. phr., outside, extra (persons, things) ＝此外: 其外概不收費 but for this there are no charges.
12. 其餘 chir-yur, n. & adj., the remaining, the rest: 𡈼一以概其餘 just mention one example which serves for the rest.

黃 Num. Index: 20.80 huarng .

N. (1) A surname.
(2) The yellow color.
(3) Short for personal and place names: 炎黃子孫 descendants of 神農 and 黃帝 the Yellow Emperor, see 黃帝 huarng-dih↓;
黃老 Taoism of Yellow Emperor and Laotse;
岐黃 for 岐伯 and Yellow Emperor, reputed fathers of medicine;
皮黃 (for 西皮 and 二黃) place names in Hupei where present Peking opera music originated.
(4) Certain animal products: 蛋黃 egg yolk;
蟹黃 roe of crabs;
牛黃 (Chin. med.) product from diseased cow livers for treating nervous diseases of children.

Adj. (1) Yellow;
面黃肌瘦 (person’s face) thin and colorless;
黃葉 brown leaves of autumn;
青黃不接 gap between two harvests causing starvation, also gap between new and old;
杏黃 apricot-yellow;
牙黃 ivory-yellow;
籐黃 gamboge (much used in Chinese printing): 草黃 straw-colored;
yellow as color of emperor;
黃榜 imperial edict;
黃袍 the imperial robe;
黃馬褂 the Yellow Jacket, rank conferred by emperor;
黃帶子 Yellow Girdle, Manchu nobility.
(2) Yellow race: 黃種 yellow race;
黃禍 the Yellow Peril.
(3) Catering to sex interest (orig. borrowed from “yellow journalism”, now used more widely): 黃色新聞 sex stories in papers;
yellow journalism;
黃色小說 sexy novels;
這部小說好黃 this novel is very sexy (also of films);
這人說話太黃 this man’s talk is very indecent.
(4) Spoiled, withered: 明日黃花 “a withered flower of yesterday”－topic no longer of interest;
這個買賣（這副牌）眼看要黃 this business (hand of cards) is about to fail (end in a draw).

Words 1. 黃柏 huarng-baai, n., pop. form of 黃檗 huarng-boh↓.
2. 黃包車 huarng-bau-che, n., rickshaw.
3. 黃表紙 huarng-biaur-jyy, n., yellow paper for prayer to the gods.
4. 黃病 huarng-bihng, n., jaundice (＝黃疸病).
5. 黃檗 huarng-boh, n., (bot.) the yellow bark, Phellodendron amurense;
6. 黃檗 huarng-boh, n., name of a Zen master inTarng Dynasty (黃檗禪師).
7. 黃白 huarng-bor, phr., gold and silver;
8. 黃白 huarng-bor, phr., 黃白術 alchemy.
9. 黃錢（兒） huarng-chiarn (huarng-chiar-’l), n., paper-money for burning before gods.
10. 黃□ huarng-chir¹, n., pop. form of 黃耆 huarng-chir²↓.
11. 黃耆 huarng-chir², n., (Chin. med.) the yellow vetch, much valued as gen. tonic, Astragalus hoantchy.
12. 黃芩 huarng-chirn, n., (bot.) the skullcap, a plant, Scutellaria baikalensis.
13. 黃泉 huarng-chyuarn, n., the grave;
14. 黃泉 huarng-chyuarn, n., the nether world.
15. 黃疸 huarng-daan, n., jaundice.
16. 黃道 huarng-dauh, n., (astron.) the ecliptic;
17. 黃道 huarng-dauh, n., 黃道帶 the zodiac;
18. 黃道 huarng-dauh, n., 黃道吉日 a lucky day;
19. 黃道 huarng-dauh, n., 黃道光 zodiacal light.
20. 黃碘 huarng-diaan, n., (chem.) iodoform.
21. 黃帝 Huarng-dih, n., the Yellow Emperor, a legendary ruler, synonymous with the father of Chinese civilization (2698-2598 B.C.).
22. 黃豆 huarng-douh, n., soybean (also called 大豆);
23. 黃豆 huarng-douh, n., 黃豆牙 common bean sprout.
24. 黃獨 huarng-dur, n., a name for yam (potato).
25. 黃髮 huarng-faa, n., an old man: 黃髮垂髫 old and young.
26. 黃風 huarng-feng¹, n., sandstorm from Mongolian deserts.
27. 黃蜂 huarng-feng², n., wasps, hornet.
28. 黃瓜 huarng-gua, n., cucumber (also called 胡瓜).
29. 黃海 Huarng-haai, n., the Yellow Sea.
30. 黃河 Huarng-her, n., the Yellow River.
31. 黃花 huarng-hua, n., another name for 菊花 out-of-date news;
32. 黃花 huarng-hua, n., 黃花女兒 an old spinster.
33. 黃花岡 Huarng-hua-gang, n., a place near Canton where the 72 martyrs of the Chinese Revolution lost their lives.
34. 黃花魚 huarng-hua-yur, n., (zoo.) croacher (also called 黃魚，石首魚), Seiaena schlegeli, much valued for its blubber (known as 魚肚).
35. 黃昏 huarng-hun, n., sunset, dusk.
36. 黃薑 huarng-jiang, n., turmeric.
37. 黃教 huarng-jiauh, n., Yellow Lamaism.
38. 黃金 huarng-jin¹, n., gold;
39. 黃金 huarng-jin¹, n., 黃金時代 the Golden Age.
40. 黃巾 huarng-jin², n., Yellow Turbans, a rebel movement at close of Hahn Dyn.
41. 黃精 huarng-jing, n., (bot.) the deer bamboo, Polygonatum giganteum.
42. 黃酒 huarng-jioou, n., a rice wine, also known as 紹興 Shao-shing.
43. 黃鐘 huarng-jung, n., one of the twelve bells determining musical scale in anc. China.
44. 黃種 huarng-juung, n., the yellow race.
45. 黃口 huarng-koou, n., infant: 黃口孺子 (derog.) immature person.
46. 黃蠟 huarng-lah, n., beeswax.
47. 黃曆 huarng-’li, n., (coll.) almanac.
48. 黃連 huarng-liarn, n., (bot.) the golden thread, a plant, Coptis japonica, known for its bitter taste;
49. 黃連 huarng-liarn, n., 啞子吃黃蓮 a dumb person eats this bitter plant－be a silent victim.
50. 黃粱夢 huarng-liarng-mehng, n., (allu.) a tale like Rip van Waikle－signifying vanishing of dream or of time;
51. 黃粱夢 huarng-liarng-mehng, n., disillusionment;
52. 黃粱夢 huarng-liarng-mehng, n., a vanished dream.
53. 黃流 huarng-liour, n., (AC) wine.
54. 黃鸝 huarng-lir, n., the golden oriole (also called 黃鶯).
55. 黃燐 huarng-lirn, n., yellow phosphorus.
56. 黃落 huarng-luoh, v.i., (of plants, leaves) turn brown and fall off.
57. 黃櫨 huarng-lur, n., (bot.) the Hungarian fustic tree, Rhus cotinus.
58. 黃毛（兒）丫頭 huarng-maur(’l) ya-’tou, n., (contempt. or facet.) a witless young girl.
59. 黃梅 huarng-meir, n., (1) the apricot;
60. 黃梅 huarng-meir, n., (2) the yellow plum flower;
61. 黃梅 huarng-meir, n., 黃梅天 rainy season about time of summer solstice.
62. 黃門 huarng-mern, n., (1) a palace gate;
63. 黃門 huarng-mern, n., (2) a eunuch: 黃門官，黃門監 eunuch in charge of inner palaces.
64. 黃米 huarng-mii, n., millet (＝黍).
65. 黃鳥 huarng-niaau, n., the oriole.
66. 黃牛 huarng-niour, (1) n., the common ox;
67. 黃牛 huarng-niour, (2) n., professional guide or contact man for illicit purposes;
68. 黃牛 huarng-niour, 色情黃牛 procurator of girls;
69. 黃牛 huarng-niour, 電影黃牛 movie ticket scalper;
70. 黃牛 huarng-niour, (3) v.i., to fail to show up at appointment: 又黃牛了 again fail to show up.
71. 黃胖兒 huarng-pahng-’l, n., a portly person with yellow skin.
72. 黃袍 huarng-paur, n., (1) imperial robe;
73. 黃袍 huarng-paur, n., (2) robe worn by Buddhist monks of certain ranks and sects.
74. 黃浦 Huarng-puu, n., military academy known as Whompoa Academy in Kwangtung.
75. 黃熱病 huarng-reh-bihng, n., (med.) yellow fever.
76. 黃砂 huarng-sha, n., loess, see huarng-tuu↓.
77. 黃心樹 huarng-shin-shuh, n., a tree of magnolia family.
78. 黃水瘡 huarng-shueei-chuang, n., eczema.
79. 黃鼠 huarng-shuu, n., a desert rat;
80. 黃鼠狼 huarng-shuu-larng, n., skunk, weasel.
81. 黃蜀葵 huarng-shuu-kueir, n., (bot.) the okra, or lady’s finger, a flower.
82. 黃絁 huarng-shy, n., Taoist priest’s robe of coarse silk.
83. 黃血鹽 huarng-shyueh-yarn, n., (chem.) yellow prussiate of potash.
84. 黃湯（子） huarng-tang (tz), n., (pop. and derog.) wine.
85. 黃琮 huarng-tsurng, n., a kind of yellow jade, used in sacrificial vessels.
86. 黃銅 huarng-turng, n., brass.
87. 黃土 huarng-tuu, n., loess.
88. 黃芽菜 huarng-yar-tsaih, n., sprout of celery cabbage, grown in darkened basement.
89. 黃楊 huarng-yarng, n., boxwood.
90. 黃鶯 huarng-ying, n.,the golden oriole.
91. 黃鼬 huarng-youh, n., a kind of skunk.
92. 黃油 huarng-your, n., butter.
93. 黃玉 huarng-yuh, n., (min.) topaz or chrysolite.
94. 黃魚 huarng-yur, n., (1) ＝黃花魚 see huarng-hua-yur↑;
95. 黃魚 huarng-yur, n., (2) (sl.) passengers taken in freight trucks during the war.

遘 Num. Index: 20.83 gouh .

V.t. (AC) to meet 邂遘 come across one another accidentally.

遭 Num. Index: 20.83 tzau .

N. (1) A time, an occasion: 一遭 once;
遭兒 tzau-’l↓.
(2) (Of movement) a turn: 周遭 make a full circle, go round and round;
多繞幾遭 make a few more rounds.

V.t. Meet with, come across: 遭受（打擊）suffer (blows);
遭報 take the consequences of one’s action;
遭遇 tzau-yuh, 遭逢 tzau-ferng, 遭際 tzau-jih, 遭難 tzau-nahn, 遭殃 tzau-yang↓;
遭災 meet with disaster;
連遭災變 come upon a series of misfortunes;
遭回祿 have one’s house burnt down (回祿 god of fire);
遭劫 have a spell of bad luck: 遭累 be implicated in s.t. for which one is not responsible, suffer loss on account of s.o. else.

Words 1. 遭逢 tzau-ferng, v.t., (1) come across, to meet (a powerful person);
2. 遭逢 tzau-ferng, v.t., (2) have (misfortune, etc.).
3. 遭際 tzau-jih, n., happenings, esp. unhappy circumstances.
4. 遭兒 tzau-’l, n., (1) a time, an occasion;
5. 遭兒 tzau-’l, n., (2) (of movement) a full circle, a complete turn.
6. 遭難 tzau-nahn, v.i., come to grief, meet with misfortune (ill luck).
7. 遭瘟 tzau-wen, v.i., suffer misfortune, have bad luck.
8. 遭殃 tzau-yang, v.i., meet with calamity.
9. 遭遇 tzau-yuh, v.t., ＝遭逢 tzau-ferng↑.

荸 Num. Index: 20A.00-1 bir (also bor ).

Words 1. 荸薺 bir-’chi, n., water chestnut.

蓴 Num. Index: 20A.00-1 churn . [Var. 璤]

N. (Bot.) water mallow, Brasenia purpurea: 蓴羹鱸膾 mallow soup and minced eel (allu. remembrance of food at home town);
hence 蓴鱸之思 homesickness.

□ Num. Index: 20A.00-1 deeng . [Abbr. of 等 92A.00]

葑 Num. Index: 20A.00-1 feng .

N. (1) Rape turnip.
(2) Tangled roots.

Words 1. 葑菲 feng-feei, n., (AC allu.) some good in every man (some plants have tangled roots, but useful stems).

荐 Num. Index: 20A.00-1 jiahn .

N & v.t. Interch. 薦 20A.50.

Adv. Again and again, often: 荐饑 crop failure year after year;
荐仍 frequently, repeatedly, time after time.

蔣 Num. Index: 20A.00-2 jiaang .

N. A surname.

芋 Num. Index: 20A.00-3 yuh .

N. Taro: 芋頭，芋奶 ditto: 山芋，洋芋，洋山芋 potato.

苛 Num. Index: 20A.00-3 ke (*her ).

Adj. & adv. Harsh, undesirably severe (government, taxes, laws): 苛政 tyrannical government;
苛政猛於虎 “a tyrannical government is more to be feared than tigers”－Confucius;
苛捐雜稅 multifarious taxes;
苛責，苛評 harsh, petty criticism;
苛罰 severe punishment;
苛待 harsh treatment (of inferiors);
苛疾 severe illness;
see 苛求，苛刻 ke-chiour, ke-keh↓.

V.t. (*her) (AC) disturb, harass (border).

Words 1. 苛求 ke-chiour, v.i. & t., expect, demand too much from people.
2. 苛刻 ke-keh, adj., mean and exacting, ungenerous, parsimonious.
3. 苛性 ke-shihng, adj., (chem.) caustic.

茅 Num. Index: 20A.00-3 maur .

N. Reed, rush, grass used to make sheds: 茅店，茅屋 grass shed;
茅茨土階 (LL) grass roof and earthen steps;
茅舍，茅廬 humble thatched house, (court. & LL) my humble living quarters.

Words 1. 茅房 maur-’fang, n., gen. toilet, privy.
2. 茅栗 maur-lih, n., a kind of hazelnut.
3. 茅蒲 maur-pur, n., (AC) farmer’s straw hat.
4. 茅塞 maur-seh, n., (LL & court.) (my) lack of understanding: 頓開茅塞 am suddenly enlightened (by your words).
5. 茅蕈 maur-shyuhn, n., a kind of edible mushroom, Hydnum olidum.
6. 茅司，茅廁 maur-’sy, n., villagestyle privy, also wr. 毛廁.
7. 茅土 maur-tuu, n., (AC) fiefdom.

蒔 Num. Index: 20A.00-4 shyr .

V.t. (AC) to transplant seedlings into field.

Words 1. 蒔蘿 shyr-luor, n., (bot.) the dill, Anethum graveolens.

摹 Num. Index: 20A.00-4 mor (*meh ). [Interch. 模 esp. in artistic work]

V.t. To copy;
consciously imitate: 臨^摹 copy ancient painting, calligraphy, inscription 51S.40;
摹古 make copy of antique art;
摹刻 copy antique version;
摹寫 copy ancient calligraphy;
摹擬 consciously imitate.

Words 1. 摹本 mor-been, n., (1) wood-block copy made after ancient wood block;
2. 摹本 mor-been, n., (2) (*meh-been) name of silk fabric.
3. 摹印 mor-yihn, n., a seal-script style after Chirn Dyn. models.

蕁 Num. Index: 20A.00-5 shyurn .

Words 1. 蕁麻 shyurn-mar, n., (bot.) a shrub of the nettle family, poisonous to the touch, Urtica thunbergiana;
2. 蕁麻 shyurn-mar, n., 蕁麻疹 (med.) urticaria, hives.

芽 Num. Index: 20A.00-5 yar .

N. (1) (yar-’l, yar-tz) Sprout, shoot, bud: 豆芽 bean sprout: 發芽，冒芽 to bud;
萌芽 (fig.) to sprout up, to bud forth, have a small beginning;
月芽 the crescent moon.
(2) Outcroppings of ores: 銀芽 croppings of silver ores.

Words 1. 芽胞 yar-bau, n., (bot.) spore.
2. 芽茶 yar-char, n., tea made from tender buds.
3. 芽甲 yar-jiaa, n., budding leaves on trees.
4. 芽𤦏 yar-jioou, n., leek sprout, pale yellowish.
5. 芽菜 yar-tsaih, n., bean sprouts (also 豆芽菜).

蓐 Num. Index: 20A.00-5 ruh .

N. A mat for bedding: 宝蓐 bedding;
坐蓐 (of pregnant woman) lie in.

Words 1. 蓐瘡 ruh-chuang, n., (1) bedsores;
2. 蓐瘡 ruh-chuang, n., (2) infantile boils.
3. 蓐婦 ruh-fuh, n., a midwife (also 蓐母).
4. 蓐食 ruh-shyr, v.i., (AC) have breakfast in bed.

蔚 Num. Index: 20A.00-5 weih .

Adj. (1) (Vegetation) thick, luxuriant: 蔚茂 ditto;
蔚藍 deep blue.
(2) Impressive: 蔚然 weih-rarn↓;
蔚成大觀 makes an impressive sight.

Words 1. 蔚茂 weih-mauh, adj., luxuriant (growth).
2. 蔚然 weih-rarn, adj., impressive-looking.

蘭 Num. Index: 20A.00-5 larn .

N. (1) (Bot.) the orchild.
(2) A surname.
(3) Fragrance, elegance, refinement, moral excellence: 蘭交 larn-jiau, 蘭艾 larn-aih↓;
蘭因絮果 the vicissitudes of life;
蘭摧玉折 premature death of a virtuous or gifted individual;
蘭薰桂馥 (lit.) as fragrant as orchids and cassia, (fig.) a man’s beautiful moral influence;
蘭形棘心 appearances are deceptive (lit., “appearance of orchid and heart of thistle”).

Words 1. 蘭艾 larn-aih, n., orchid and artemisia;
2. 蘭艾 larn-aih, n., the virtuous vs. the ignoble.
3. 蘭秋 larn-chiou, n., (LL) the seventh lunar month.
4. 蘭閨 larn-guei, n., (LL) a lady’s boudoir.
5. 蘭桂 larn-gueih, n., orchids and cassia;
6. 蘭桂 larn-gueih, n., (fig.) (complim.) beautiful descendants, progeny, offspring.
7. 蘭花 larn-hua, n., the orchid (flower).
8. 蘭兆 larn-jauh, n., a good omen auguring the birth of a son.
9. 蘭交 larn-jiau, n., intimate friendship between like-minded individuals.
10. 蘭芝 larn-jy, n., the orchid flower, symbolic of high-minded individuals.
11. 蘭夢 larn-mehng, n., ＝蘭兆 larn-jauh↑.
12. 蘭盆 larn-peen, n., (1) (Budd.) (盂蘭盆會) the Feast of All Souls held on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month, with floating lanterns or candles on water, for the deliverance of hungry ghosts;
13. 蘭盆 larn-peen, n., (2) a basin, a bathtub.
14. 蘭譜 larn-puu, n., (1) books on orchidology or the painting of orchids;
15. 蘭譜 larn-puu, n., (2) the genealogical records of sworn brothers, each of whom keeps a copy.
16. 蘭若 larn-ree, n., (1) (bot.) Chinese and Japanese thoroughwort, Eupatorium chinensis and japonica;
17. 蘭若 larn-ree, n., (2) (Budd.) monastery, a hermit’s cell.
18. 蘭麝 larn-sheh, n., sweet fragrance.
19. 蘭香 larn-shiang, n., (bot.) the sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum (also 羅勒，香菜).
20. 蘭臭 larn-shiouh, adj., likeminded, on very intimate terms with s.o. (lit., “agreeably fragrant”).
21. 蘭孫 larn-sun, n., (LL) (court.) grandchildren.
22. 蘭草 larn-tsaau, n., (bot.) Eupatorium chinensis, a gen. name for orchid-like plants.
23. 蘭澤 larn-tzer, n., (1) orchid pomade or ointment;
24. 蘭澤 larn-tzer, n., (2) 蘭草 larn-tsaau↑;
25. 蘭澤 larn-tzer, n., (3) 蘭香 larn-shiang↑.
26. 蘭蕕 larn-your, n., orchids and Caryopteris divaricata, a foulsmelling water plant;
27. 蘭蕕 larn-your, n., (fig.) a man of noble versus one of ignoble character.
28. 蘭玉 larn-yuh, n., (1) orchids ans jade as symbols of young men’s good conduct;
29. 蘭玉 larn-yuh, n., (2) as symbols of female chastity.

藺 Num. Index: 20A.00-5 lihn .

N. A surname.

葶 Num. Index: 20A.00-6 tirng .

Words 1. 葶藶 tirng-lih, n., a kind of grass, Draba nemorosa, var. hebecarpa.
2. 葶薴 tirng-nirng, n., a poisonous plant.

苧 Num. Index: 20A.00-6 juh .

N. Ramie, an Asiatic hemp-producing plant.

Words 1. 苧麻 juh-mar, n., ramie fibre or cloth made from it, linen: 苧麻裙 linen skirt.

薄 Num. Index: 20A.00-6 bor (coll. *baur ). [Dist, 簿 92A.00]

N. (1) (AC) reed screen.
(2) (AC) thicket.
(3) A surname.

V.t. (LL) To slight (person);
to rebuke (conduct), see 薄待 bor-daih↓.

Adj. (1) (*baur) Thin (paper, soup): 薄鬆鬆 very thin;
薄怯怯 (of clothing) very thin, inadequate in clod.
(2) Weak, poor, mean, stingy: 薄言（輕言）lighttongued, given to gossip;
薄弱 bor-ruoh↓, 薄行 bor-shihng¹↓;
薄田，薄土 stingy, unproductive soil;
薄命 poor, unlucky life;
薄俗，風俗鄙薄 stingy, selfish character of a locality;
淺薄 superficial, 浮薄 ditto;
待遇不薄 remuneration is not bad, is fair;
輕薄 v.t., behave in ungentlemanly manner to ladies;
adj., coarse, vulgar (behavior).
(3) (Court.) my little, my humble: 薄物 my humble gifts;
薄技 small skill;
薄宦 small post.
(4) (AC) broad: 薄海＝普海 all seas, the world over.

Adv. (Court.) slightly: 薄具禮物, offer slight or humbly offer, gifts;
薄有研究 (modest) have made a little study.

Conj. (AC, rare, with undetermined meaning, perhaps similar to) just, and so: 薄伐玁狁 and invade the Huns;
薄澣我衣 will just wash my clothes;
薄言采之 and we picked them.

Words 1. 薄餅 *baur-biing, n., varieties of rolls containing various stuffing;
2. 薄餅 *baur-biing, n., a form of egg roll.
3. 薄薄 bor-bor, adj., (1) thin, dilute (of wine);
4. 薄薄 bor-bor, adj., (2) (AC) very broad (of land).
5. 薄曲 bor-chyuu, n., (AC) frame for keeping silkworms.
6. 薄待 bor-daih, v.t., to slight, illtreat (person), be cold toward (person).
7. 薄夫 bor-fu, n., (AC) mean person.
8. 薄荷 *bor-’ho, n., mint;
9. 薄荷 *bor-’ho, n., 薄荷油 menthol.
10. 薄遽 bor-jyuh, adv., (AC) suddenly.
11. 薄陋 bor-louh, adj., uncouth, common, paltry.
12. 薄落 bor-luoh, adj., (MC) in poor circumstances (of person).
13. 薄暮 bor-muh, n., sundown.
14. 薄媚 bor-meih, adj., with simple charm (of ladies);
15. 薄媚 bor-meih, n., (MC) name of song.
16. 薄呢 bor-nir, n., light serge.
17. 薄片 bor-piahn, n., thin slice.
18. 薄弱 bor-ruoh, adj., weak in strength.
19. 薄曉 bor-shiaau, n., (AC) daybreak＝破曉.
20. 薄相 bor-shiahng, adj., (MC) playful, capricious (fate);
21. 薄相 bor-shiahng, adj., cogn. of modn. Soochow 白相 to play about in city.
22. 薄行 bor-shihng¹, n., unruly, unfaithful, rash conduct.
23. 薄倖 bor-shihng², adj., fickle, esp. 薄倖郎 fickle (man) lover.

莩 Num. Index: 20A.00-9 fur (*piaau ).

N. (1) Thin membrane inside rush stalk;
see □^莩 20A.82.
(2) (*piaau) 餓莩 dead bodies of those starved to death, (var. of 殍 31S.00).

莉 Num. Index: 20A.00-9 lih .

N. See 茉^莉 20A.01

苻 Num. Index: 20A.00-9 fur . [Dist. 符 92A.00]

N. (1) A surname.
(2) A kind of grass of rush family.

荷 Num. Index: 20A.00-9 her (*heh ).

N. The lotus, water lily: 荷花，荷蓮 her-hua, her-liarn↓;
荷葉 lotus leaves, used for flavor and for wrapping food for steaming(cf. 蓮 20A.83).

V.t. (*heh) To carry on the shoulder, to receive gratefully, to bear burden of gratitude: 荷耡，荷擔 to carry a hoe, a load, on the shoulder;
荷槍實彈 (of soldiers, riot squads) caryy loaded guns;
荷蒙，荷賜 (court.) receive (award, letter, kindness, etc.);
荷賞 receive award or gratuity;
hence 感荷，拜荷 receive with gratitude;
是荷，為荷 (form in letter) the above would be a great kindness or is my request.

Words 1. 荷包（兒） her-’bau-’l, n., wallet;
2. 荷包（兒） her-’bau-’l, n., 荷包牡丹 (bot.) Dicentra spectabilis, “wallet peony,” so called because of resemblance.
3. 荷錢 *her-chiarn, n., young sprouts of lotus leaves.
4. 荷爾蒙 her-eel-merng, n., (translit.) horemone: 男性荷爾蒙 testerone;
5. 荷爾蒙 her-eel-merng, n., 女性荷爾蒙 estrogen.
6. 荷負 heh-fuh, n., & v.t., a burden, to bear burden.
7. 荷花（兒） her-hua(’l), n., the lotus flower;
8. 荷花（兒） her-hua(’l), n., 荷花大少 (shauh) a playboy in spring who cannot afford good clothing in winter;
9. 荷花（兒） her-hua(’l), n., cf. her-liarn↓.
10. 荷蘭 Her-larn, n., Holland.
11. 荷蘭水 her-larn-shueei, n., aereated water.
12. 荷蓮 her-liarn, n., the lotus (also called 芙蕖).
13. 荷葉 her-yeh, n., lotus leaf;
14. 荷葉 her-yeh, n., 荷葉粥 rice congee, cooked while covered with a lotus leaf for flavor;
15. 荷葉 her-yeh, n., 荷葉肉 a pack of steamed glutinous rice with pork, wrapped in lotus leaf.

蘅 Num. Index: 20A.00-9 herng .

N. The plant Asarum blumei (also 杜 ^ 蘅 10B.11).

孽 Num. Index: 20A.00-9 nieh . [Pop. var. □]

N. (1) A wicked demon.
(2) Son born of a concubine: 孤臣孽子 a minister without support at court and a concubine-born prince fallen from grace, sometimes used of s.o. nobly espousing a lost cause.
(3) Seed of evil: 作孽，造孽 do misdeeds, be the seed of evil, bring disaster down upon oneself or others, sow the seeds of destruction;
天作孽，猶可為，自作孽，不可活 if disasters come from nature, s.t. can be done to counter them;
but if they are of one’s own making, one is done for.

Words 1. 孽障 nieh-jahng, n., retribution for evil one has committed;
2. 孽障 nieh-jahng, n., wicked children born to one for evils one is supposed to have committed, (var. 業障);
3. 孽障 nieh-jahng, n., (Budd.) karmic obstruction.

薊 Num. Index: 20A.00-9 jih .

N. (1) (Bot.) Thistles, Cirsium.
(2) A surname.
(3) Formerly, a place name in Peiping.

薅 Num. Index: 20A.00-9 hau .

V.t. To weed ,to pick off: 薅下幾根頭髮 pick off a few hairs.

茉 Num. Index: 20A.01-1 moh .

Words 1. 茉莉 moh-lih, n., (bot.) jasmin(e).

茱 Num. Index: 20A.01-1 ju .

Words 1. 茱萸 ju-yur, n., (bot.) a plant of several unidentified varieties, one of which is called “edible”(食茱萸).

萊 Num. Index: 20A.01-1 lair .

N. (1) (Bot.) (＝藜) the pigweed, or goosefoot, Chenopodium album.
(2) Wild grass: 草萊 fields overgrown with grass.
(3) A surname.

Words 1. 萊菔 lair-fur, n., (bot.) (MC) turnip (＝ modn. 蘿蔔).
2. 萊衣 lair-yi, n., (AC allu.) a multicolored dress (of 老萊子).

蓁 Num. Index: 20A.01-1 jen (*chirn ).

N. (Bot.) 蓁椒 (*chirn-jiau), the Chin. pepper or fagara.

Adj. Underbrush: 蓁□，蓁蓁 overgrown underbrush (also wr. 蓁□榛榛).

葉 Num. Index: 20A.01-2 yeh (*sheh ).

N. (1) A leaf (of plant): 楓葉，紅葉 maple leaf;
荷葉 lotus leaf;
葉落歸根 what comes from the soil will return to the soil;
葉落知秋 or 一葉知秋 one falling leaf is indicative of the coming of autumn－everything is part of a whole;
(fig.) of a boat in landscape: 一葉扁舟.
(2) A petal: 千葉 a composite flower (of many petals).
(3) U.f. 頁 a leaf in a book.
(4) (Related to 世) a generation: 中葉 (＝中世) middle of a dynasty;
末葉 end of a century, regime, or dynasty..
(5) A surname.
(6) (*sheh) (Related to 世) name of a county: 葉縣.

Words 1. 葉柄 yeh-biing, n., (bot.) petiole.
2. 葉黃素 yeh-huarng-suh, n., (bot.) xanthophyll.
3. 葉針 yeh-jen, n., (bot.) needle (as pine needle).
4. 葉尖 yeh-jian, n., (bot.) apex of leaf.
5. 葉筋 yeh-jin, n., leaf veins.
6. 葉綠素 yeh-luh-suh, n., (bot.) chlorophyll.
7. 葉脈 yeh-moh, n., leaf veins.
8. 葉肉 yeh-rouh, n., (bot.) mesophyll.
9. 葉身 yeh-shen, n., (bot.) leaf blade.
10. 葉序 yeh-shyuh, n., (bot.) leaf cycle.
11. 葉子 yeh-tz, n., a leaf;
12. 葉子 yeh-tz, n., 葉子戲 game of cards;
13. 葉子 yeh-tz, n., 葉子孼 formerly, cut leaf tobacco for pipe.

蒜 Num. Index: 20A.01-3 suahn .

N. Garlic: 叩頭如搗蒜 make a rapid succession of kowtows on the ground (like “crushing garlic”).

Words 1. 蒜瓣兒 suahn-bah-’l, n., quarters of head of garlic.
2. 蒜辮子 suahn-biahn-tz, n., a bunch of garlic stalks.
3. 蒜毫兒 suahn-haur-’l, n., young garlic shoots.
4. 蒜苗 suahn-miaur, n., edible center of garlic flower.
5. 蒜泥兒 suahn-nier-’l, n., mashed garlic.
6. 蒜薹 suahn-tair, n., see suahn-miaur↑.
7. 蒜條 suahn-tiaur, n., filigree;
8. 蒜條 suahn-tiaur, n., 蒜條金 gold threads;
9. 蒜條 suahn-tiaur, n., 蒜條鐲子 filigree bracelet.
10. 蒜頭兒 suahn-tour-’l, n., head of garlic.

蓀 Num. Index: 20A.01-3 sun .

N. (AC) an aromatic plant.

蔯 Num. Index: 20A.01-3 chern .

N. See 茵^蔯 20A.41.

悞 Num. Index: 20A.01-4 guoo .

N. Fruit (pop. of 果, see 果 41.01).

蘗 Num. Index: 20A.01-5 boh . [Var. 檗; dist. 蘗 nieh , 20A.01]

N. In 貢蘗 (commonly wr. 貢柏) (bot.) Phellodendron amurense, a dwarf plant;
黃蘗 name of Zen Sect and master.

僡 Num. Index: 20A.01-6 mar . [Pop. of 麻 61.01, signifying hemp, flax]

蕖 Num. Index: 20A.01-6 chyur .

N. See 芙^蕖 20A.81.

藻 Num. Index: 20A.01-6 tzaau .

N. (1) Waterweeds: 紅藻，綠藻 reddish, green weeds;
海藻 seaweeds.
(2) Literary elegance: 詞藻 elegant language;
文藻 wellturned phrases;
藻思 ideas expressed in refined language.

Words 1. 藻井 tzaur-jiing, n., (AC) a painted squares in ceiling.
2. 藻飾 tzaau-shyh, n., embellishments with phrases in writing.

□ Num. Index: 20A.01-6 gaau . [Var. of 稿 90A.42]

□ Num. Index: 20A.01-6 rueei . [Var. of 蕊 20A.72]

苶 Num. Index: 20A.01-8 nier .

Adj. (AC) tired and weary, wornout.

茶 Num. Index: 20A.01-8 char .

N. Tea: 茶樹 tea plant;
茶花 char-hua↓;
茶葉 tea (leaves);
the drink made from tea: 吃茶，飲茶 take tea;
品茶 drink tea and enjoy or sample its flavor;
綠茶，紅茶 green, red, tea;
香茶 scented tea;
清茶 simple, pure tea;
小 ^ 種茶 22.01;
茶𤉸 (hold) a tea party, have a talk over a cup of tea;
茶會，茶杯 char-hueih, char-bei↓, etc.;
採茶 pick tea;
烹茶 make tea;
焙茶 prepare tea leaves by slow baking process;
淡茶，濃茶 weak, strong tea.

Words 1. 茶杯 char-bei, n., teacup.
2. 茶錢 char-chiarn, n., tip to servant.
3. 茶器 char-chih, n., tea set, tea utensils.
4. 茶青 char-ching, adj., tea-green color, brownish-green.
5. 茶匙（兒） char-chyr (char-cher-’l), n., teaspoon, teaspoonful.
6. 茶點 char-diaan, n., pastry, cookies, etc. served with tea at party.
7. 茶底（兒）（子） char-dii (char-diee-’l) (tz), n., dregs of tea.
8. 茶鼎 char-diing, n., special pan for making tea.
9. 茶飯 char-fahn, n., gen. food and drinks: 茶飯無心 have no time or appetite for food and drinks.
10. 茶坊 char-fang, n., teahouse.
11. 茶房 char-’fang, n., waiter, steward on ship.
12. 茶缸子 char-gang-tz, n., a wide large bowl for tea.
13. 茶館 char-guaan, n., teahouse.
14. 茶果 char-guoo, n., tea and fruit (fresh or glazed).
15. 茶褐色 char-her-seh, adj., dark brownish green.
16. 茶花 char-hua, n., the camellia.
17. 茶話會 char-huah-hueih, n., see char-hueih↓.
18. 茶會 char-hueih, n., a tea reception.
19. 茶戶 char-huh, n., a tea merchant.
20. 茶几（兒） char-ji (char-jie-’l), n., a tea side table, teapoy.
21. 茶金 char-jin, n., present of money at betrothal.
22. 茶晶 char-jing, n., quartz the color of dark tea.
23. 茶磚 char-juan, n., tea bricks.
24. 茶盅 char-jung, n., small teacup.
25. 茶棹（兒） char-juo-’l, n., tea table.
26. 茶質 char-jyr, n., theine, caffeine.
27. 茶居 char-jyu, n., see char-guaan↑.
28. 茶具 char-jyuh, n., tea vessels, tea service.
29. 茶菊 char-jyur, n., a species of aster, camomile (also called 甘菊).
30. 茶課 char-keh, n., tea tax.
31. 荼寮 char-liaur, n., tea booth.
32. 茶樓 char-lour, n., teahouse.
33. 茶滷 char-luu, n., tea concentrate.
34. 茶梅 char-meir, n., (bot.) the Thea sasanqua, of camellia family.
35. 茶湐子 char-miahn-tz, n., a preparation of tea flour, which makes a pasty drink with boiling water.
36. 茶末 char-moh, n., tea dust.
37. 茶棚 char-perng, n., tea booth.
38. 茶毗 char-pir, n. & v.i., (Budd.) cremation, from Sanskr. Jhapita.
39. 茶色 char-seh, adj., dark brownish-green color.
40. 茶筅 char-shiaan, n., small brush for cleaning tea utensil.
41. 茶水錢 char-shueei-chiarn, n., see char-chiarn↑.
42. 茶稅 char-shueih, n., tea tax.
43. 茶室 char-shyh, n., a tearoom.
44. 茶食 char-shyr, n., cookies, etc. served with tea.
45. 茶肆 char-syh, n., a tea shop.
46. 茶攤兒 char-ta-’l, n., tea booth.
47. 茶湯 char-tang, n., (1) gen. nonalcoholic drinks served to guests;
48. 茶湯 char-tang, n., (2) a drink of millet flour and sugar.
49. 茶腿 char-tueei, n., best-grade ham.
50. 茶托（兒）（子） char-tuo (’l) (tz), n., tea saucer.
51. 茶資 char-tzy, n., pocket money.
52. 茶碗 char-waan, n., large teacup.
53. 茶葉 char-yeh, n., tea leaves.
54. 茶油 char-your, n., oil from seeds of tall tea plants, used in hairdressing.
55. 茶園 char-yuarn, n., tea garden, formerly, opera theater.

荼 Num. Index: 20A.01-8 tur . [Dist. 茶 char , 20A.01↑]

N. (1) A kind of bitter weed;
symbolic of bitterness: 如火如荼 phr., descriptive of blazing powerful army or of things growing vigorously.
(2) Rush with white flowers.

Words 1. 荼毒 tur-dur, v.t., persecute, cause suffering (to people).
2. 荼蓼 tur-liaau, n., kind of bitter weed, symbolic of bitter life.
3. 荼蘼 tur-mir, n., rose leaf raspberry, Rubus commersoni.

棻 Num. Index: 20A.01-8 fen .

N. A wood known for its perfume.

菜 Num. Index: 20A.01-9 tsaih .

N. (1) Vegetable: 菜蔬 tsaih-shu↓;
鹹菜 salted vegetable;
青菜，生菜 fresh vegetable;
白菜 cabbage;
滷菜 pickled or marinated vegetable;
菜湯 vegetable soup;
name used by vegetarian monks to eat taboo food, as 溜黃菜 egg omelette.
(2) A dish, item or course in menu (whether of meat or vegetable): 三樣菜 three dishes of meat or vegetable to go with rice;
hence food, dinner: 菜好不好 is the dinner all right? 西菜，中菜 Western, Chin. food;
素菜 vegetarian food;
葷菜 meat dish.

Words 1. 菜包子 tsaih-bau-tz, n., (lit.) vegetable dumpling;
2. 菜包子 tsaih-bau-tz, n., (fig.) (abuse) nincompoop, idiot.
3. 菜㪫 tsaih-chaang, n., (food) market.
4. 菜青 tsaih-ching, adj., dull green.
5. 菜畦 tsaih-chir, n., vegetable plot or patch.
6. 菜宝兒（子） tsaih-chuarng-’l (tz), n., shelf for raw vegetables as in shops.
7. 菜單（兒）（子） tsaih-dan (tsaih-da-’l) (’tz), n., menu, bill of fare.
8. 菜刀 tsaih-dau, n., chopper for kitchen use.
9. 菜豆 tsaih-douh, n., kidney bean.
10. 菜墩子 tsaih-dun-tz, n., kitchen chopping board.
11. 菜瓜 tsaih-gua, n., a cucumber, usu. served cooked, also pickled.
12. 菜貨 tsaih-huoh, n., a simpleton.
13. 菜牛 tsaih-niour, n., cattle raised for beef.
14. 菜色 tsaih-seh, n., famished, colorless complexion.
15. 菜蔬 tsaih-shu, n., vegetable in gen.
16. 菜巿 tsaih-shyh, n., food market, also 菜巿㪫.
17. 菜攤（兒）（子） tsaih-tan (tsaih-ta-’l) (tz), n., booth for vegetables.
18. 菜子 tsaih-tzyy, n., vegetable seeds.
19. 菜油 tsaih-your, n., vegetable oil, colza oil, rapeseed.
20. 菜園 tsaih-yuarn, n., vegetable garden.

葆 Num. Index: 20A.01-9 baau .

N. Ornamental parasol in 羽葆 made of feather;
翟葆 made of pheasant feather;
頭如蓬葆 with shaggy hair.

V.t. (AC) keep, preserve: 葆光，葆真 preserve light of original nature.

□ Num. Index: 20A.01-9 nieh . [Var. 櫱; dist. □]

□�

□ Num. Index: 20A.01-9 nieh . [Dist. □]

N. Yeast for wine-making.

蔡 Num. Index: 20A.01-9 tsaih .

N. (1) A surname.
(2) An anc. state.

蘇 Num. Index: 20A.01-9 su .

N. (1) A surname.
(2) Abbr. for 蘇州 Soochow: 蘇𥉐 Soochow embroidery;
蘇杭 Soochow and Hangchow.
(3) Part of name for province 江蘇 Kiangsu, (abbr. in 蘇省：蘇淅 Kiangsu and Chekiang).
(4) Abbr. for Soviet: 蘇俄，蘇聯 su-eh, su-liarn↓.

V.i. & t. (1) Interch. 甦, wake up, revive.
(2) To relieve, recover: 以蘇民困 to relieve the people’s distress.

Words 1. 蘇白 Su-bair, n., Soochow dialect.
2. 蘇打 su-dar, n., (translit.) soda.
3. 蘇俄 Su-eh, n., Soviet Russia.
4. 蘇枋 su-fang, n., (bot.) sapanwood, whose juice is used as red pigment.
5. 蘇格蘭 Su-ger-larn, n., Scotland.
6. 蘇合香 su-her-shiang, n., (bot.) rose-storax, made from Liquidambar orientalis.
7. 蘇活 su-huor, v.i., to revive.
8. 蘇州碼（兒）（子） Su-jou-maa(’l) (tz), n., pop. numerals used gen. in accounts: □, □, □, □, □, □, □, □, □, (standing for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9).
9. 蘇聯 Su-liarn, n., the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
10. 蘇麻 su-mar, n., (bot.) a kind of bamboo, Perilla ocimoides.
11. 蘇木 su-muh, n., see su-fang↑.
12. 蘇軟 su-ruaan, adj., (legs, arms) go soft (also wr. 甦).
13. 蘇醒 su-shiing, v.i., wake up (also wr. 甦).
14. 蘇息 su-shir, v.i., to rest, cecuperate.
15. 蘇子 su-tzyy, n., see su-mar↑;
16. 蘇子 su-tzyy, n., 蘇子油 lamp oil from su-mar↑.
17. 蘇維埃 Su-weir-ai, n., Soviet.
18. 蘇彝士河 Su-yir-shyh-her, n., the Suez Canal.

藥 Num. Index: 20A.01-9 yauh (re. pr. yueh ).

N. (1) Medicine: 服藥 take medicine;
配藥 fill a prescription;
照方抓藥 have prescription filled at pharmacy;
補藥 tonic;
麻藥 anesthetic, narcotic;
毒藥 poison;
草藥 herb medicine;
膏藥 plasters;
良藥苦口 good advice, like medicine, is hard to take;
得占勿藥 happily recovered from illness.
(2) Certain chemicals: 火藥，炸藥 explosive;
農藥 insecticide;
銲藥 solder.

V.t. (1) To cure: 不可救藥 beyond cure, hopeless.
(2) To poison: 藥老鼠 to poison rats.

Words 1. 藥叉 yauh-cha, n., (Budd.) a ferocious demon that flies by night (from Sanskr. yaksha, also wr. 夜叉),
2. 藥單 yauh-’dan, n., a prescription.
3. 藥店 yauh-diahn, n., pharmacy, drugstore.
4. 藥鼎 yauh-diing, n., (Taoist) crucible for making pill of immortality.
5. 藥餌 yauh-eel, n., medicine and tonic.
6. 藥方（兒）（子） yauh-fang (’l) (tz), n., a prescription, medical recipe.
7. 藥房 yauh-farng, n., pharmacy, drugstore.
8. 藥粉 yauh-feen, n., powder medicine.
9. 藥膏（兒）（子） yauh-gau (’l) (-tz), n., medical ointment.
10. 藥衡 yauh-herng, n., pharmacist scales.
11. 藥渣（子） yauh-ja(tz), n., dregs from medical concoctions.
12. 藥針 yauh-jen, n., hyperdemic needle.
13. 藥箭 yauh-jiahn, n., poisoned arrow.
14. 藥劑 yauh-jih, n., a prescription, recipe;
15. 藥劑 yauh-jih, n., 藥劑子 dose of medicine (large, small).
16. 藥酒 yauh-jioou, n., tonic wine.
17. 藥珠 yauh-ju, n., small commercial pearls which pulverized are used as medicine.
18. 藥局（子） yauh-jyur (tz), n., formerly, wholesaler of herb medicine, a drugstore.
19. 藥科 yauh-ke, n., the study of pharmacy.
20. 藥力 yauh-’lih, n., potency of medicine.
21. 藥理學 yauh-lii-shyuer, n., pharmacology (also 藥物學 yauh-wuh-shyuer↓).
22. 藥籠 yauh-lurng, n., medicine box: 藥籠中物 things which may be needed any time, like household medicine chest.
23. 藥麵（兒）（子） yauh-miahn (yauh-miah-’l) (tz), n., medical powders.
24. 藥棉（花） yauh-miarn (’hua), n., antiseptic cotton.
25. 藥末（兒） yauh-moh (’l), n., medical powder.
26. 藥捻兒 yauh-niaa-’l, n., (1) fuse;
27. 藥捻兒 yauh-niaa-’l, n., (2) a paper roll of medicine inserted into sores, etc. (also 藥捻子).
28. 藥碾子 yauh-niaan-tz, n., roller for crushing medicine.
29. 藥片（兒） yauh-piahn (yauh-piah-’l), n., a tablet of medicine.
30. 藥品 yauh-piin, n., medicine in gen.
31. 藥舖 yauh-puh, n., a pharmacist shop.
32. 藥散 yauh-saan, n., medical powder.
33. 藥線 yauh-shiahn, n., fuse for explosives.
34. 藥性 yauh-shihng, n., characteristic effect of a medicine: 藥性氣 smell of medicine or medical herbs.
35. 藥水（兒） yauh-shueei (yauh-shuee-’l), n., liquid medicine, lotion: 咳嗽藥水 a cough mixture or syrup;
36. 藥水（兒） yauh-shueei (yauh-shuee-’l), n., 藥水針 hypodermic needle.
37. 藥師 yauh-shy, n., (1) pharmacist in charge of filling prescriptions;
38. 藥師 yauh-shy, n., (2) expert gatherer of herbs from nature.
39. 藥石 yauh-shyr, n., medicine and acupuncture: 藥石無效 all medicines tried and found useless;
40. 藥石 yauh-shyr, n., 藥石之言 unpleasant but needed advice.
41. 藥學 yauh-shyuer, n., the science of pharmacy.
42. 藥死 yauh-’syy, v.t., to poison to death.
43. 藥膛 yauh-tarng¹, n., compartment for gunpowder in old-style guns.
44. 藥糖 yauh-tarng², n., medicated gums.
45. 藥草 yauh-tsaau, n., medical herbs.
46. 藥材 yauh-’tsair, n., ditto.
47. 藥（肥）皂 yauh(feir)tzauh, n., medicated soap.
48. 藥丸（兒）（子） yauh-warn(yauh-war-’l) (tz), n., pill of medicine.
49. 藥味 yauh-weih, n., medical ingredients in a prescription;
50. 藥味 yauh-weih, n., 藥味兒 taste or flavor of medicine.
51. 藥喂的 yauh-weih-’de, adj., (weapons) soaked in poison.
52. 藥物 yauh-wuh, n., medicine;
53. 藥物 yauh-wuh, n., 藥物學 pharmacology.
54. 藥言 yauh-yarn, n., (LL) bitter advice.
55. 藥衣子 yauh-yi-tz, n., coating for pills.
56. 藥引子 yauh-yiin-tz, n., ingredients in Chin. concoction to help in the efficacy of principal medicine.
57. 藥胰子 yauh-yir-tz, n., medicated soap.

藂 Num. Index: 20A.02-3 tsurng . [Var. of 叢 22.82]

慕 Num. Index: 20A.02-4 muh . [Bottom □＝心]

N. & V.t. Admiration, longing: 愛慕，思慕 love;
仰慕，仰慕之情，嚮慕，欣慕 love and admiration;
羨慕 admire and envy;
慕名而來 phr., have come, attracted by one’s fame;
慕義 love of seeking the truth.

Words 1. 慕容 Muh-yurng, n., surname of northern 鮮卑 tribe.

藤 Num. Index: 20A.02-4 terng . [Commonly wr. 籐]

藤� (1) Creeper plant in gen., rattan, cane (used in furniture): 長春籐 ivy;
紫藤 wistaria;
藤椅，藤桌，藤宝，藤席 cane (or rattan), chair, table, bed, mat;
藤肉 split rattan.
(2) Vine: 瓜藤 melon vine;
葡萄藤，蕃薯藤 grapevine, potato vine;
爬藤 creeper;
葛藤 complications, entanglements of affairs.

Words 1. 藤鞭 terng-bian, n., cane for caning schoolboys.
2. 藤黃 terng-huarng, n., (bot.) gamboge, gum from Garcinia morella, much used in Chin. painting.
3. 藤蘿 terng-luor, n., (bot.) plants of creeper family, like wistaria.
4. 藤牌 terng-pair, n., rattan shield.
5. 藤條 terng-tiaur, n., see terng-bian↑.
6. 藤子 terng-tz, n., rattan.

茛 Num. Index: 20A.02-5 gehn .

N. See 毛^莨 90.70 Ranunculus acer var. japonicus, the tall buttercup or bitter crowfoot.

蓑 Num. Index: 20A.02-6 suo .

N. A raincoat made of various kinds of leaves, hemp fibre, etc.: 蓑衣.

蘘 Num. Index: 20A.02-6 rarng .

N. 蘘荷 (bot.) mioga ginger, Zingiber mioga.

蒙 Num. Index: 20A.02-6 merng .

N. (1) In childhood ignorance, see Adj.↓.
(2) A surname.

V.t. (1) To cover: 蒙上一層 cover with a layer;
蒙頭大睡 sleep soundly with face covered under sheets;
蒙頭蓋面 with face covered or veiled;
蒙面大盜 robber in a mask.
(2) Hoodwink: 受蒙蔽 see merng-bih↓;
欺蒙 deceive.
(3) Encounter, come under, receive: 蒙難 meet a fatal accident;
蒙塵 a king flees in trouble (“be covered with dust”);
西子蒙不潔 (AC) when a beauty’s good name was smeared;
蒙冤 be unjustly accused;
蒙恩 (court.) receive superior’s favor;
承蒙不棄 you have so kindly (favored me with …);
蒙教 be favored with advice.

Adj. Untutored (state), in childhood ignorance: 愚蒙 mentally not developed;
啟蒙時代 early period of enlightenment (in philosophy or child’s development);
蒙求 elementary course;
see 蒙童 merng-turng↓.

Words 1. 蒙蔽 merng-bih, v.t., hoodwink: 為物欲所蒙蔽 (mind) be clouded by material desires.
2. 蒙館 merng-guaan, n., formerly, elementary school.
3. 蒙古 Merng-guu, n. & adj., Mongolia;
4. 蒙古 merng-guu, n. & adj., 蒙古包 merng-guu-bau, n., Mongol tent;
5. 蒙古 Merng-guu, n. & adj., 蒙古症 Mongolism.
6. 蒙汗藥 merng-hahn-yauh, n., sleeping drug.
7. 蒙混 merng-huhn, v.i., deceive by assuming similar appearance.
8. 蒙籠（蘢） merng-lurng, adj., covered with vegetation.
9. 蒙昧 merng-meih, adj., ignorant.
10. 蒙蒙 merng-merng, adj., (1) luxuriant (growth);
11. 蒙蒙 merng-merng, adj., (2) ignorant, unknowing.
12. 蒙茸 merng-rurng, adj., hairy, furry;
13. 蒙茸 merng-rurng, adj., growing profusely (of plants).
14. 蒙童 merng-turng, n., children.
15. 蒙養 merng-yaang, n., process of tutoring or developing children’s mind.

莨 Num. Index: 20A.02-6 larng .

N. (Bot.) see 狼 ^ 尾草 91C.02;
薯莨 a creeping plant whose roots are good for dyeing.

Words 1. 莨菪 lahng-dahng, n., (bot.) the henbane, Hyoscyamus niger.

菾 Num. Index: 20A.02-9 tiarn .

N. The leaf beet, Beta vulgaris (＝甜菜).

藜 Num. Index: 20A.02-9 lir . [Var. 蔾]

N. (Bot.) lamb’s-quarters, goosefoot, Chenopodium album.

Words 1. 藜蘆 lir-lur, n., (bot.) black false hellebore, Veratrum nigrum.

菉 Num. Index: 20A.02-9 luh (*lyuh ).

N. (1) A kind of bamboo.
(*lyuh) Var. for 綠^豆 93B.02.

羋 Num. Index: 20A.10-1 mie (re. pr. mii ). [Cogn. □，咩]

N. & v.i. (1) Bleating of lamb.
(2) (*mii) (AC) a surname.

苯 Num. Index: 20A.10-1 been .

N. (Chem.) benzene.

蘀 Num. Index: 20A.10-1 tuoh .

N. (1) Fallen barks and leaves.
(2) Interch. 籜 92A.10.

葦 Num. Index: 20A.10-2 weei .

N. Reed, rush.

Words 1. 葦箔 weei-baur, n., a coarse reed matting used as frame for pouring mortar on house roof.
2. 葦席 weei-shir, n., reed mat.
3. 葦塘 weei-tarng, n., rush pond.
4. 葦櫻 weei-ying, n., Japanese cherry tree, Prunus yedoensis.

苹 Num. Index: 20A.10-3 pirng . [Dist. 萍]

N. (AC) a plant of rush family.

Words 1. 苹苹 Pirng-pirng, adj., luxuriant (of grass, brush).

茸 Num. Index: 20A.10-3 rurng (*ruung ). [Dist. 葺]

N. (1) 鹿茸 the budding antlers of the deer.
(2) (*ruung) Down or fine hair (*＝氄).

Adj. (1) (Also *ruung), (of grass) having just sprouted: 茸茸 luxuriant.
(2) Disorderly, confused.

Words 1. 茸兒 rurng-’l, n., (coll.) an embryonic egg.
2. 茸母 rurng-muu, n., (bot.) the cudweed, Gnaphalium multiceps.
3. 茸闒 rurng-tah, adj., (1) of inferior quality, cheap, mediocre;
4. 茸闒 rurng-tah, adj., (2) mean, lowly.

華 Num. Index: 20A.10-3 huar (*huah ).

N. (1) China: 華夏 (LL) China;
中華 China;
中華民國 the Republic of China.
(2) Glory, halo, diffuse light: 光華，榮華 glory;
月華 diffused moonlight.
(3) The course of time, esp. prime of youth: 年華逝水 time passes like water;
芳華虛度 youth vainly passes away;
韶華 the prime of youth.
(4) Essence: 精華 the cream (of writing), the best passages or pieces.
(5) (*huah) A surname.

Adj. (1) Chinese: 華語，華文 Chinese language;
華英辭典 Chinese-English dictionary;
華洋 Chinese and foreign;
華冑，華裔 (LL) Chinese descent;
華族 Chinese race;
華籍 Chinese citizenship;
華商 Chinese merchant;
華僑 huar-chiaur↓.
(2) Flowery, resplendent, decorative, bedecked: 華美，華麗，華貴 huar-meei, huar-lih, huar-gueih↓;
華服，華屋 beautiful dress, house;
華構 beaueiful structure;
豪華 rich, resplendent, gorgeous;
奢華 luxurious;
繁華 prosperous, gay (city life).
(3) Used in compliments, illustrious: 華誕，華壽，see huar-dahn, huar-shouh↓;
華譽 illustrious fame.
(4) Empty, showy: 華而不實 showy and not substantial;
華言巧語 flowery words;
浮華 superficial.
(5) (LL) greyish: 華髮 greyish hair;
華首，華顛 a hoary head.

Words 1. 華表 huar-biaau, n., a commemorative tablet, a stone pillar by a grave.
2. 華僑 huar-chiaur, n., overseas Chinese, Chinese abroad: 華僑子弟 childrenn of Chinese abroad.
3. 華誕 huar-dahn, (1) n., (court.) birthday;
4. 華誕 huar-dahn, (2) adj., superficial and unreliable.
5. 華蓋 huar-gaih, n., parasol or shade over cart or bier.
6. 華貴 huar-gueih, adj., stylish (dress).
7. 華翰 huar-hahn, n., (court.) your letter.
8. 華札 huar-jar, n., ditto.
9. 華麗 huar-lih, adj., gorgeous, resplendent.
10. 華美 huar-meei, adj., beautiful.
11. 華年 huar-niarn, n., youth.
12. 華沙 Huar-sha, n., Warsaw.
13. 華山 Huar-shan, n., the Huah Mountain in Shensi.
14. 華盛頓 Huar-shehng-duhn, n., Washington.
15. 華壽 huar-shouh, n., (court.) birthday.
16. 華飾 huar-shyh, n. & adj., decorative, decorated, -tion.
17. 華氏表 huar-shyh-biaau, n., Fahrenheit thermometer.
18. 華胥 Hua-shyu, n., (allu.) land of dreams.
19. 華簪 huar-tzan, adj., as in 華簪之家 nobleman’s family.
20. 華宗 huar-tzung, n., (court.) of the same clan.
21. 華族 huar-tzur, n., & adj., (of) Chinese race.
22. 華耀 huar-yauh, adj., glorious.
23. 華腴 huar-yur, adj., soft living.

蕈 Num. Index: 20A.10-3 shyuhn (also shihn ).

N. Fungus (related 菌 jyuhn, 20A.41).

葺 Num. Index: 20A.10-4 chih .

N. Grass roof for hut: 葺屋 grass-covered hut.

V.t. (1) To repair: 葺牆 repair wall;
修葺 repair (house).
(2) To arrange in layers (as roof tiles).

草 Num. Index: 20A.10-4 tsaau . [Var. 艸]

N. (1) Grass: 草木 tsaau-muh↓;
草卉，花草 flowers and underbush;
草叢 underbush;
打草驚蛇 frighten away thieves by raising a scare;
斬草除根 uproot s.t., destroy root and all;
拔草 to weed (a ground);
野草閒花 girls or women to be picked up;
grassland: 草野，草莽 tsaau-yee, tsaau-maang↓;
草頭露 like dew on the grass－evanescent.
(2) Straw: 草帽，草鞋，草蓆 tsaau-mauh, tsaau-shier, tsaau-shir↓.
(3) Rapid, cursive style of writing: 草書 tsaau-shu↓;
大草 highly cursive writing;
行草 semi-cursive style usual in letters or any informal writing;
章^草 60.10.
(4) A draft: 起草 make a draft (of statement or any writing).

V.t. To draft (statement, etc.);
hence also to pioneer s.t.: 草創，草制 tsaau-chuahng, tsaau-jyh¹↓.

Adj. Drafted, not final: 草稿，草案 tsaau-gaau, tsaau-ahn↓.

Adv. (1) Hastily: 草具 hastily prepare (letter, etc.).
(2) Slipshod, crude, careless: 潦草，粗草 rough, careless (writing, work).
(3) Female of species: 草驢 female donkey;
草雞 tsaau-ji↓;
草馬 mare.

Words 1. 草案 tsaau-ahn, n., a draft (of resolution, proposal);
2. 草案 tsaau-ahn, n., a drafted plan.
3. 草包 tsaau-bau, n., (abuse) dullard, imbecile, one who is liable to spoil things.
4. 草本 tsaur-been, n., (1) draft copy;
5. 草本 tsaau-been, n., (2) (bot.) a grass, herb.
6. 草標兒 tsaau-biau-’l, n., a wisp of straw marking s.t. for sale: 插草標兒 mark s.t. to be sold in market.
7. 草鄙 tsaur-bii, adj., rustic, uneducated (person).
8. 草蜻蛉 tsaau-ching-lirng, n., a grass insect, Chrysopa perla.
9. 草創 tsaau-chuahng, v.i. & t., (1) to pioneer, start (s.t.);
10. 草創 tsaau-chuahng, v.i. & t., (2) (AC) to draft (document).
11. 草底兒 tsaur-diee-’l, n., handwritten draft, original.
12. 草地 tsaau-dih, n., lawn, grassy plot.
13. 草稿 tsaur-gaau, n., preliminary draft (of essay, etc.).
14. 草雞 tsaau-ji, n., a hen;
15. 草雞 tsaau-ji, n., (fig.) a chicken-hearted person.
16. 草菅 tsaur-jian, v.t., as in 草菅人命 to have complete disregard for human life－slaughter people.
17. 草芥 tsaau-jieh, n., insignificant trifle.
18. 草螽 tsaau-jung, n., an insect, Conocephalus thumbergi.
19. 草蜘蛛 tsaau-jy-ju², n., a small spider, Agalena limbata.
20. 草制 tsaau-jyh¹, v.t., see tsaau-chuahng (2) ↑.
21. 草蛭 tsaau-jyh², n., a kind of leech, Haemadipsa japonica.
22. 草紙 tsaur-jyy, n., toilet paper.
23. 草寇 tsaau-kouh, n., (AC) robbers, brigand.
24. 草萊 tsaau-lair, n., wasteland, primitive land or jungle.
25. 草蘭 tsaau-larn, n., a species of orchid, Cymbidium.
26. 草料 tsaau-liauh, n., hay, fodder.
27. 草蘆 tsaau-lur, n., a grass hut, matshed.
28. 草綠 tsaau-lyuh, n., color of grass.
29. 草履蟲 tsaau-lyuu-churng, n., (zoo.) a primitive worm, Paramaecium caudatum.
30. 草莽 tsaur-maang, n., see tsaau-lair↑.
31. 草帽（兒） tsaau-mauh(’l), n., straw hat.
32. 草茅 tsaau-maur, n., lowly or rustic condition of life.
33. 草昧 tsaau-meih, n., primeval times.
34. 草棉 tsaau-miarn, n., (bot.) common cotton.
35. 草木 tsaau-muh, n., vegetation in gen.;
36. 草木 tsaau-muh, n., 草木灰 ashes from grass stalks, used as fertilizer.
37. 草坪 tsaau-pirng, n., a lawn, a stretch of grassland.
38. 草上飛 tsaau-shahng-fei, n., formerly, a fast rowboat on the Grand Canal.
39. 草上霜 tsaau-shahng-shuang, n., a rare lamb skin, so called from the pearl-like white curls at the top.
40. 草寫 tsaau-shiee, v.t., to write hastily or in hasty style.
41. 草鞋 tsaau-shier, n., straw sandal;
42. 草鞋 tsaau-shier, n., 草鞋錢 tip demanded of people by official couriers, or petty officers.
43. 草蓆 tsaau-shir, n., straw mat.
44. 草書 tsaau-shu, n., cursive, rapid style of writing, marked by tendency to join strokes and economy of lines.
45. 草率 tsaau-shuaih, adv., careless, slipshod, slovenly (in work).
46. 草市 tsaau-shyh, n., village market.
47. 草石蠶 tsaau-shyr-tsarn, n., (bot.) Stachys sieboldi.
48. 草酸 tsaau-suan, n., (chem.) oxalic acid.
49. 草堂 tsaau-tarng, n., (real or alleged) “grass abode”－scholar’s residence.
50. 草草 tsaur-tsaau, adv., (finish s.t.) roughly, without due care.
51. 草刺兒 tsaau-tseh-’l, n., see tsaau-jieh↑.
52. 草蹙 tsaau-tsuh, adv., see tsaur-tsaau↑.
53. 草次 tsaau-tsyh, adv., (AC) carelessly (＝造次);
54. 草次 tsaau-tsyh, adv., (2) on the grass, in open air.
55. 草賊 tsaau-tzeir, n., tsaau-kouh↑.
56. 草澤 tsaau-tzer, n., life in the open: 起於草澤 rustic origins.
57. 草字 tsaau-tzyh, n., see tsaau-shu↑.
58. 草字頭兒 tsaau-tzyh-tour-’l, n., the “grass” radical “□”;
59. 草字頭兒 tsaau-tzyh-tour-’l, n., index No.20A.
60. 草藥 tsaau-yauh, n., herb medicine.
61. 草野 tsaau-yee, n., country life of common people;
62. 草野 tsaau-yee, n., the people at large (opp. 朝廷 the court).
63. 草原 tsaau-yuarn, n., steppe, prairie.

蓽 Num. Index: 20A.10-4 bih .

N. (LL) (bot.) rush: 蓽門圭竇 rush hut, a poor man’s house;
蓽（篳）路（露）藍縷（蔞）phr., pioneering work (cutting swaths in jungle).

Words 1. 蓽茇 bih-bar, n., (bot.) (MC) translit. of pepper (also wr. 蓽撥).

薜 Num. Index: 20A.10-5 bih (*boh ). [Dist. 薛 20A.10]

N. (*boh) A medicinal aromatic herb, pop. name 當歸.

Words 1. 薜荔 bih-lih, n., (bot.) Ficus pumila, also called 薜蘿 bih-luor.
2. 薜暴 boh-puh, n. & v.i., a crack in earthenware, (AC) to crack.

莘 Num. Index: 20A.10-6 shen (also shin ).

Adj. (1) (AC) long.
(2) Numerous: 莘莘學子 numerous students.

萃 Num. Index: 20A.10-6 tsueih .

N. A bush: 出類拔萃 be head and shoulders above others, stand out among equals;
拔乎其萃 ditto.

V.i. To assemble: 薈^萃 20A.41, ditto;
萃於一堂 (all the friends, schoolmates, socialites) were gathered at the place.

Adj. Luxuriant (grass).

葷 Num. Index: 20A.10-6 hun .

N. & adj. (1) Meat as food, contrasted with 素 vegetable: 吃葷 nonvegetarian;
葷菜 a meat dish.
(2) Adj., sharp-smelling: 葷辛 hun-shin↓.
(3) Adj., sexy, indecent: 葷小說 sexy novel;
葷笑話 dirty jokes;
說葷話 talk filth.

Words 1. 葷辛 hun-shin, adj., sharp-smelling (like garlic, etc.).
2. 葷腥 hun-shing, n. & adj., meat in food, contrasted with vegetable.
3. 葷油 hun-your, n., animal fat in cooking.

萍 Num. Index: 20A.10-6 pirng .

N. Duckweed, symbol of floating existence: 萍水相逢 casual, temporary meeting;
萍蹤靡定 person’s uncertain movements, constant travel.

Words 1. 萍蓬草 pirng-perng-tsaau, n., (bot.) Nuphar japonicum.

芊 Num. Index: 20A.10-9 chian .

Adj. (Of pastures) lush, green.

Words 1. 芊芊 chian-chian, adj., lush (vegetation): 草色芊芊 ditto, also wr. 仟，阡.
2. 芊□ chian-miarn, adj., lush, brightly green, also wr. 芊眠.

萆 Num. Index: 20A.10-9 bih . [Var. of 蔽，□]

Words 1. 萆薢 bih-shieh, n., a medicinal herb.

葎 Num. Index: 20A.10-9 lyuh .

N. (Bot.) the wild hop, Humulus japonicus (also called 勒草，拉拉藤).

蔊 Num. Index: 20A.10-9 haan .

N. (Bot.) nasturtium, a flowering vegetable, Nasturtium montanum.

薛 Num. Index: 20A.10-9 shyue .

N. (1) A surname.
(2) The name of an anc. feudal state.

蘚 Num. Index: 20A.10-9 shiaan .

N. Moss, lichen: 蘚痕 marks made by moss on rocks, steps, etc.;
蘚斑 patches of lichen;
蘚帽 calyptra of mosses.

薹 Num. Index: 20A.11-1 tair .

N. (Bot.) sedge, Cyperus rotundus;
薹苙 rain hat made of sedge.

莊 Num. Index: 20A.11-2 juang . [Pop. 壯]

N. (1) A village, hamlet, a homestead: 村莊 a village: 田莊 farms, usu. of considerable dimensions;
王家莊 Mr. Wang’s farmland－家莊, sometimes used as name of hamlet.
(2) A villa: 山莊，別莊 a country villa.
(3) A shop: 錢莊 money shop, old-style local bank;
布莊 shop for clothing materials;
綢緞莊 silk shop;
飯莊 restaurant;
莊口 juang-koou↓.
(4) Bander at gambling: 莊家 juang-’jia↓;
做莊，坐莊 be banker by turn.
(5) A surname.

Adj. Solemn: 莊重 juang-juhng↓;
莊肅 juang-suh↓;
莊嚴 juang-yarn↓;
莊語，莊論 (LL) serious talk, discussion (not joking).

Words 1. 莊戶 juang-huh, n., (reference or self-reference in North China) farmer.
2. 莊家 juang-’jia, n., (1) country house;
3. 莊家 juang-’jia, n., (2) banker at gambling table.
4. 莊稼 juang-jiah (juang-’jia), n., farm goods, crops, farm work: 種莊稼 plant different grains, beans for food, 莊稼地 farmland;
5. 莊稼 juang-jiah (juang-’jia), n., 莊稼活 farm work;
6. 莊稼 juang-jiah (juang-’jia), n., 莊稼老兒 (coll.) old farmer;
7. 莊稼 juang-jiah (juang-’jia), n., 莊稼漢 (coll.) farmer.
8. 莊重 juang-juhng, adj., solemn (ceremony);
9. 莊重 juang-juhng, adj., serious, decorous (demeanor): 莊重點兒 be serious (opp. facetious).
10. 莊客 juang-keh, n., tenant farmer.
11. 莊口 juang-koou, n., (coll.) market for goods.
12. 莊肅 juang-suh, adj., solemn (ceremony, gathering).
13. 莊田 juang-tiarn, n., farms of fairly big size.
14. 莊頭 juang-’tou, n., chief of hired farm lands, head of tenant farmers (佃戶).
15. 莊子 (1)Juang-tzyy, n., name of philosopher about 300 B.C.;
16. 莊子 (2) (Juang-’tz) a homestead, hamlet.
17. 莊嚴 juang-yarn, adj., solemn, august, oft. used in Budd. worship.
18. 莊園 juang-yuarn, n., manor, private park, domain, estate.

菫 Num. Index: 20A.11-2 jiin .

N. (1) (Bot.) the celery, Apium graveolens.
(2) The wild aconite.

𤦂 Num. Index: 20A.11-3 tzahng . [Var. 葬]

藿 Num. Index: 20A.11-3 huoh .

N. (1) (Bot.) 藿香 betony, mint herb.
(2) 荳藿 bean leaves.

薩 Num. Index: 20A.11-3 sah .

N. (1) A surname.
(2) Short for 菩薩 bodhisattva.

墓 Num. Index: 20A.11-4 muh .

N. Tomb, grave: 古墓 ancient tomb;
陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum;
祭墓 sacrifice at the grave;
掃墓 festival at 清明 for visiting grave;
盜墓 steal treasures in tombs;
諛墓 “flatter the grave,”eulogy on memorial tablet;
墓木已拱 the trees on graveyard are already grown tall, i.e., deceased long ago.

Words 1. 墓碑 muh-bei, n., tombstone.
2. 墓表 muh-biaau, n., memorial tablet at grave.
3. 墓道 muh-dauh, n., paved front leading to grave.
4. 墓地 muh-dih, n., graveyard.
5. 墓碣 muh-jier, n., memorial tablet.
6. 墓誌銘 muh-jyh-mirng, n., biographical sketch engraved on memorial tablet;
7. 墓誌銘 muh-jyh-mirng, n., such composition.
8. 墓門 muh-mern, n., door of tomb.
9. 墓穴 muh-shyuuh, n., grave.
10. 墓園 muh-yuarn, n., cemetery ground.

蘿 Num. Index: 20A.11-4 luor .

Words 1. 蘿蔔 luor-bo, n., turnip (also 蘿菔): 蘿蔔糕 turnip pudding.
2. 蘿藦 luor-moh, n., (bot.) Metaplexis stauntoni, whose flower seeds can be used for cotton and in making ink pads.

蕹 Num. Index: 20A.11-6 yung .

N. 蕹菜 A common vegetable, usu. grown in water, Ipomoea aquatica.

荃 Num. Index: 20A.11-8 chyuarn .

N. (1) (AC) an aromatic plant.
(2) (LL) used in phr., 荃察，荃鑒，荃諒 (in correspondence) your esteemed consideration.

董 Num. Index: 20A.11-9 duung .

N. (1) A surname.
(2) Short for 董事 duung-shyh↓: 校董 board of directors of a school;
商董 board of directors of chamber of commerce: 紳董 the gentry.
(3) Curio in 古董.

V.t. Direct, supervise: 理董其事 supervise, manage the affairs;
董其成 see that it is completed.

Words 1. 董事 duung-shyh, n., member of board of directors;
2. 董事 duung-shyh, n., 董事會 board of directors;
3. 董事 duung-shyh, n., 董事長 chairman of the board.

薶 Num. Index: 20A.11-9 mair . [Var. of 埋 11A.11, to bury]

荏 Num. Index: 20A.11-9 reen .

N. (1) A kind of bean: 荏菽 reen-shuu↓.
(2) (Bot.) Perilla ocimoides, a mint-smelling herb (＝紫蘇).

Adj. & adv. Soft(ly): 荏染 soft, yielding;
荏弱 delicate, weak.

Words 1. 荏胡麻 reen-hur-mar, n., (bot.) Perilla ocimoides.
2. 荏苒 rern-raan, adv., gradually, little by little (time passes).
3. 荏菽 rern-shuu, n., (1) large beans;
4. 荏菽 rern-shuu, n., (2) the garden pea, Pisum sativum.
5. 荏桐 reen-turng, n., (bot.) wood oil tree, Aleurites cordata (also 罌子桐).
6. 荏油 reen-your, n., (1) oil extracted from Perilla ocimoides;
7. 荏油 reen-your, n., (2) the tung oil.

薙 Num. Index: 20A.11-9 tih .

V.t. (1) To weed: 薙草.
(2) To shave: 薙髮 (＝剃 80S.00).

莽 Num. Index: 20A.20-1 maang .

N. (1) Thick underbrush: 草莽 wild jungle.
(2) A poisonous plant, Illicium anisatum.

Adj. (1) Rude, coarse (of person): 鹵莽 rash, reckless.
(2) Wild, limitless, see 莽蕩 maang-dahng↓.

Adv. Recklessly: 莽撞 dash or drive recklessly.

Words 1. 莽蕩 maang-dahng, n., wild, limitless (prairie).
2. 莽夫 maang-fu, n., a bumptious fellow.
3. 莽漢 maang-hahn, n., see maang-fu↑.
4. 莽莽 marng-maang, adj., deep (of forest, foliage).
5. 莽蒼 maang-tsang, adj., color of wide, wild country, also 莽莽蒼蒼.

葬 Num. Index: 20A.20-3 tzahng . [Var. 𤦂]

V.t. Bury, inter: 葬埋 tzahng-mair↓;
埋葬 bury (the dead);
葬了 be buried;
葬身魚腹 be drowned;
死無葬身之地（所） die an ignominious death, die a beggar (an outcast);
土葬，海葬 bury (person) in the ground, the sea;
火葬 cremate;
合葬 (of two or more persons) lie in the same tomb;
厚葬（薄葬） (give s.o.) an elaborate (simple) funeral;
遷葬 give (the dead) a second burial (at a different site);
葬禮 funeral rites;
送葬 to escort a funeral;
葬花 bury flower petals (allu. to the story of 林黛玉);
葬玉埋香 lay a beauty to rest.

Words 1. 葬埋 tzahng-mair, v.t., entomb, bury, inter, lay to rest.
2. 葬送 tzahng-suhng, v.t., to ruin (one’s future, hopes).

葚 Num. Index: 20A.21-2 shehn (also rehn ).

N. Berry of mulberry tree.

茁 Num. Index: 20A.21-2 juor .

Adj. (Of vegetation) thriving: 茁茁，茁壯 healthy and strong.

菡 Num. Index: 20A.21-3 hahn .

Words 1. 菡□ hahn-dahn, n., (LL) another name for lotus (荷^花 20A.00).

□ Num. Index: 20A.21-5 dahn .

N. See 菡 ^ □ 20A.21↑.

苣 Num. Index: 20A.21-5 jyuh .

N. (Bot.) 蒿苣 the lettuce.

芒 Num. Index: 20A.21-6 marng .

N. (1) The awn of wheat;
a spike, any sharp point: 光芒 ray of light;
鋒芒 sharp point or edge of weapon, (fig.) of argument, cutting edge;
鋒^芒太露 80A.10;
芒刺在背 in most uncomfortable position, like “having prickles on the back.”
(2) A surname.

Words 1. 芒果 marng-guoo, n., mango.
2. 芒種 marng-juhng, n., term in lunar calendar, about June 7 or 8, see Appendix B.
3. 芒芒 marng-marng, adj., (1) (AC) expansive, far and wide;
4. 芒芒 marng-marng, adj., cf. modn. form 茫茫 20A.21↑;
5. 芒芒 marng-marng, adj., (2) (AC) tired, exhausted;
6. 芒芒 marng-marng, adj., (3) blindly.
7. 芒硝 marng-shiau, n., (chem.) sodium sulphate.
8. 芒鞋 marng-shier, n., straw sandals.

茫 Num. Index: 20A.21-6 marng .

Adj. (1) Widespread, far and wide: 茫茫大海 great, big sea;
白茫茫 an expanse of white.
(2) Lost, uncomprehending;
茫無頭緒 completely at sea;
茫無界限 without any guidelines;
see compp.↓.

Words 1. 茫昧 marng-meih, adj., uncomprehending, hoodwinked.
2. 茫然 marng-rarn, adj., unseeing, not knowing what to do: 茫然無知 not knowing a thing.

舊 Num. Index: 20A.21-9 jiouh . [Abbr. □]

N. Friendship: 與之有舊 have long-standing friendship with him.

Adj. Old (opp. 新 new), former, past: 陳舊 old, antiquated, outmoded;
腐舊 worn-out, decayed;
破舊 broken-down, tattered (clothing);
舊曆 jiouh-lih↓;
舊教 Catholicism (opp. 新教 Protestantism);
舊派 conservative, old-fashioned (people);
舊瓶裝新酒 new wine in old bottles;
棄舊迎新 replace the old with the new;
除舊佈新 ring out the old, ring in the new;
舊日 jiouh-ryh, 舊地 jiouh-dih↓;
舊居 one’s former dwelling house;
舊遊之地 old haunts;
舊部 jiouh-buh, 舊故 jiouh-guh, 舊觀 jiouh-guan, 舊好 jiouh-haau, 舊情 jiouh-chirng↓;
舊事 jiouh-shyh¹↓;
舊業 family estate, old studies, an old pursuit;
舊例 old precedents;
舊調重彈 to repeat the same old tunes;
依舊 as of old;
仍舊，照舊 as usual;
守舊 conservative (-minded), old-fashioned.

Words 1. 舊案 jiouh-ahn, n., (1) old archives, historical records;
2. 舊案 jiouh-ahn, n., (2) a past event;
3. 舊案 jiouh-ahn, n., (3) a dead issue;
4. 舊案 jiouh-ahn, n., (4) an outstanding legal suit.
5. 舊部 jiouh-buh, n., former subordinates, troops formerly under one’s command.
6. 舊情 jiouh-chirng, n., (1) former friendship;
7. 舊情 jiouh-chirng, n., (2) former condition or state.
8. 舊地 jiouh-dih, n., (1) an old site;
9. 舊地 jiouh-dih, n., (2) old haunts.
10. 舊都 jiouh-du, n., (1) the former capital;
11. 舊都 jiouh-du, n., (2) an old metropolis.
12. 舊惡 jiouh-eh, n., wicked deeds of the past, old grievances: 不念舊惡 forget old grudges.
13. 舊觀 jiouh-guan, n., a thing’s original form or appearance.
14. 舊故 jiouh-guh, n., old friends or associates.
15. 舊好 jiouh-haau, n., an old “pal.”
16. 舊恨 jiouh-hehn, n., remorse, regrets: 舊恨新愁 heartbreaking regrets and sad memories, old and new.
17. 舊家 jiouh-jia, n., an old (respected) family.
18. 舊交 jiouh-jiau, n., old friends (-ship).
19. 舊金山 Jiouh-jin-shan, n., San Francisco.
20. 舊曆 jiouh-lih, n., (1) the Lunar Calendar: 舊曆年 the Lunar New Year;
21. 舊曆 jiouh-lih, n., (2) (of calendar) the Old Style.
22. 舊年 jiouh-niarn, n., (1) last year;
23. 舊年 jiouh-niarn, n., (2) the Lunar New Year.
24. 舊日 jiouh-ryh, (1) n., the old days;
25. 舊日 jiouh-ryh, (2) adv., formerly.
26. 舊書 jiouh-shu, n., (1) old or secondhand books;
27. 舊書 jiouh-shu, n., (2) classical works.
28. 舊事 jiouh-shyh¹, n., an old matter.
29. 舊式 jiouh-shyh², adj., old-styled;
30. 舊式 jiouh-shyh², n., old style.
31. 舊學 jiouh-shyuer, n., the classical learning, as opposed to modn. scientific knowledge.
32. 舊俗 jiouh-sur, n., old customs, folklore.
33. 舊族 jiouh-tzur, n., an old wellknown family.
34. 舊友 jiouh-yoou, n., a friend of long standing, former associates.
35. 舊約 Jiouh-yue, n., the Old Testament.
36. 舊雨 jiouh-yuu, n., an old friend or customer: 舊雨新知 (business) clients, old and new (from allu. in Tu Fu: 舊雨來，今雨不來).

菲 Num. Index: 20.A.22-2 feei .

N. 菲律賓 The Philippines.

Adj. (1) (Court. LL) unworthy, humble: 菲禮，菲敬，菲儀 my humble gift;
菲酌 my humble dinner;
菲點 small tea;
菲才 my unworthy talent.
(2) (AC) Fragrant: 菲菲.

Words 1. 菲薄 feei-bor, adj., (court.) unworthy, small (gift, etc.): 妄自菲薄 (one should not) underestimate oneself.

茀 Num. Index: 20A.22-2 fur .

N. (1) (AC) good luck: 福.
(2) (AC) cart screen.

Adj. bushy, tangled (of grass).

Words 1. 茀茀 fur-fur, adj., (AC) vigorous.

蕭 Num. Index: 20A.22-2 shiau .

N. A surname: 蕭規曹隨 the successor 曹參 merely followed rules set up by previous minister 蕭何 in Hahn Dyn.

Adj. Desolate, dejected, disconsolate, see most compp.↓: 蕭晨 a gloomy morning.

Words 1. 蕭艾 shiau-aih, n., (AC) common grass.
2. 蕭牆 shiau-chiarng, n., (LL) nearby at home: 禍起蕭牆 trouble breaks out at home.
3. 蕭斧 shiau-fuu, n., (AC) axe.
4. 蕭齋 shiau-jai, n., (LL) (1) studio;
5. 蕭齋 shiau-jai, n., (2) a Buddhist temple, see shiau-shyh↓.
6. 蕭然 shiau-rarn, adj., (1) desolate: 環堵蕭然 the walls are quite bare;
7. 蕭然 shiau-rarn, adj., (2) detached, unhampered: 蕭然物外 (man’s spirit) untrammeled by worldly affairs.
8. 蕭灑 shiau-saa, adj., free, emancipated, unhampered by conventions;
9. 蕭灑 shiau-saa, adj., (person, writing) spirited, wayward, forthright;
10. 蕭灑 shiau-saa, adj., pure, noble.
11. 蕭散 shiau-saan, v.i. & adj., disperse, -d, scattered, thinning out.
12. 蕭颯 shiau-sah, adj., chilly (autumn air).
13. 蕭騷 shiau-sau, adj., see shiau-tiaur↓.
14. 蕭瑟 shiau-seh, adj., (1) disconsolate, gloomy;
15. 蕭瑟 shiau-seh, adj., (2) (business) dull.
16. 蕭森 shiau-sen, adj., bare (wintry landscape).
17. 蕭閒 shiau-shiarn, adj., leisurely and at ease (also 消閒).
18. 蕭蕭 shiau-shiau, adj., whistling (wind), whinnying (horse).
19. 蕭𡸷 shiau-shu, adj., (of trees, leaves) sparse and graceful.
20. 蕭寺 shiau-shyh, n., (LL. allu.) Buddhist temple.
21. 蕭索 shiau-suoo (shiau-’suo), adj., poverty-stricken, lonely (cf. 蕭瑟 shiau-seh↑).
22. 蕭條 shiau-tiaur, n., (business) very dull, (family) on the godown, (gen. conditions) depressed, lonely, forsaken.

芣 Num. Index: 20A.22-3 four .

Words 1. 芣苡 four-yii, n., (bot.)＝車前草 the plantain.

蘄 Num. Index: 20A.22-4 chir .

N. (Bot.), 蘄草 see 當^歸 22.41.

V.i. & t. To beg (var. of 祈 63B.22).

Words 1. 蘄艾 chir-aih, n., (bot.) see 當^歸 22.41.
2. 蘄春 Chir-chun, n., a district in Hupeh.
3. 蘄竹 chir-jur, n., (bot.) a species of fine bamboo produced at chir-chun↑.
4. 蘄蛇 chir-sher, n., a mottled grey poisonous snake found at chir-chun↑.

幕 Num. Index: 20A.22-4 muh .

N. (1) Curtain, tent;
幕天席地 picnic party in the open;
general’s or governor’s office, hence 幕下 advisors “under the tent”;
幕客，幕府，幕僚 muh-keh, muh-fuu, muh-liaur, etc.↓.
(2) Session: 開幕，閉幕 open, close session;
揭幕 raise curtain on scene;
落幕 curtain down.
(3) Scene in play: 第三幕 scene three.
(4) Cinema screen: 銀幕，字幕 flash on screen containing words;
幕後 backstage;
幕後人物 man behind the scene, backing.
(5) 煙幕 smoke screen.
(6) 鐵幕 iron curtain.

Words 1. 幕賓 muh-bin, n., high official’s house guest and advisor.
2. 幕府 muh-fuu, n., governor’s or general’s office.
3. 幕客 muh-keh, n., see muh-bin↑.
4. 幕僚 muh-liaur, see muh-bin↑.
5. 幕友 muh-yoou, n., high official’s guest or friend advisor.

□ Num. Index: 20A.22-5 dih . [Abbr. of 第 92A.22]

□ Num. Index: 20A.22-5 jier . [Abbr. of 節 92A.22]

芾 Num. Index: 20A.22-6 feih (*fur ).

N. (*fur) (AC) leather kneecap in ceremonial dress;
(AC) 蔽芾 bih-feih, very small.

Words 1. 芾芾 *fur-fur, adj., (AC) luxuriant (of plants).

蒂 Num. Index: 20A.22-6 dih . [Vav. 蔕]

N. Calyx, base of flower, stem: 根深蒂固 deeply rooted (of social customs);
瓜熟蒂落 when melon is ripe, it breaks from the stem－full maturity;
並蒂 two flowers growing from same base－symbol of marital luck.

Words 1. 蒂芥 dih-jieh, n., some slight misunderstanding;
2. 蒂芥 dih-jieh, n., also 芥蒂.

蓆 Num. Index: 20A.22-6 shir .

N. shir-tz A mat (oft. abbr. 席 61.22): 草蓆 a straw mat;
竹蓆 a mat of split bamboo;
枕蓆 “pillow and mat”—conjugal bed.

薪 Num. Index: 20A.22-6 shin .

N. (1) Fuel, firewood: 米珠薪桂 high food prices (“rice like pearl, fuel like cinnamon”);
負薪請罪 be contrite and ask for pardon, (allu.) carry firewood (rod) and ask to be spanked;
薪傳 carry the fire of learning from teacher to pupil.
(2) Salary: 薪金，薪俸 shin-jin, shin-fehng↓.

Words 1. 薪俸 shin-fehng, n., salary.
2. 薪火 shin-huoo, n., (1) torch;
3. 薪火 shin-huoo, n., (2) the torch of learning handed from teacher to pupil.
4. 薪金 shin-jin, n., salary.
5. 薪水 shin-shueei, n., ditto.

薺 Num. Index: 20A.22-6 jih (*chir ).

N. (1) Thorns, puncture vines.
(2) 薺菜 (bot.) shepherd’spurse.
(3) (*chir) 荸薺 water chestnut.

蘼 Num. Index: 20A.22-6 mir .

Words 1. 蘼蕪 mir-muu, n., (bot.) Gracilaria confervoides.

蒹 Num. Index: 20A.22-8 jian .

N. The common reed, Phragmites communis;
蒹葭 ditto.

芥 Num. Index: 20A.22-8 jieh .

N. (Bot.) the mustard;
(fig.) thing of little or no value, a trifle: 草芥 rubbish, worthless stuff;
芥舟 a tiny little boat;
芥末 jieh-moh↓.

Words 1. 芥蒂 jieh-dih¹, n., a misunderstanding, unpleasant memories: 心存芥蒂 bear s.o. a grudge, feelings of resentment.
2. 芥蔕 jieh-dih², n., ditto.
3. 芥藍菜 jieh-larn-tsaih, n., the Chin, kale.
4. 芥末 jieh-moh, ground mustard.
5. 芥菜 jieh-tsaih, n., the mustard plant, leaf mustard;
6. 芥菜 jieh-tsaih, n., 芥菜頭 jieh-tsaih-tour, n., mustard root, oft. pickled.
7. 芥子 jieh-tzyy, n., a mustard seed, a very small thing: 納須彌於芥子 a universe inside a mustard seed (cf. the atomic structure);
8. 芥子泥 jieh-tzyy-nir, a mustard plaster.

芹 Num. Index: 20A.22-9 chirn >.

N. Celery: 芹獻，芹曝 “offering of celery, of warm sunshine,” (allu.) my humble present (oft. of advice);
掇芹 (LL) formerly, be successful in obtaining 1st degree of 秀才 shiouh-tsair;
芹藻之德 (LL) my flimsy worth.

Words 1. 芹菜 chirn-tsaih, n., celery.

茆 Num. Index: 20A.22-9 maau .

N. (Bot.) an edible vegetable, Brasenia schreberi＝蓴菜.

□ Num. Index: 20A.22-9 shy .

N. (Bot.) the sedge, whose seeds are edible.

薌 Num. Index: 20A.22-9 shiang .

N. (Rare, LL) fragrance (＝香).

蓋 Num. Index: 20A.30-1 gaih . [Pop. □, arch. □]

N. (1) A protective cover: 壼蓋，盒蓋 the lid of a pot, box;
蓋子 gaih-tz↓;
蓋兒 ditto;
舖蓋 quilt, bedding.
(2) (AC) an umbrella.
(3) A surname.

V.t. (1) To provide with a cover, to shield: 掩蓋，遮蓋 cover up;
覆蓋 cover physically;
蓋掩 cover with earth, hay, etc.;
蓋住 have s.t. covered up;
蓋上 put a cover on;
蓋起來 cover or be covered up;
蓋被 cover with a quilt;
蓋棺論定 a man’s merits or demerits can be finally judged only after his death, usu. said of public men;
欲蓋彌彰 the more one tries to cover up one’s faults, the more they are exposed to public view.
(2) Surpass, excel: 他的武藝把別人都蓋下去了 he excels all others in feats of strength;
蓋世，蓋代 gaih-shyh, gaih-daih↓.
(3) Build, construct: 蓋房子，蓋屋 build a house;
蓋造 construct (a building, etc.);
蓋瓦 cover with tiles;
加蓋一層 add antoher storey to a building.
(4) To seal, affix a seal to: 蓋章 put one’s personal chop on;
蓋印，蓋關防 affix an offical seal on a document;
蓋戳 to stamp;
蓋手印 take fingerprints.

Conj. (AC & LL) for, oft. used as initial particle, introducing a generalization: 蓋聞 for I’ve heard it said that;
蓋天下萬物之萌生，靡不有死 for nothing lives which doesn’t die;
stating an admission: 蓋有之矣 it is possible that such cases exist;
蓋難言也 it is difficult to say (I admit, I allow);
蓋因 it is because.

Words 1. 蓋代 gaih-daih, adj., superior to the generation: 蓋代英雄 greatest hero of generation, see gaih-shyh↓.
2. 蓋火 gaih-huoo, n., a stove’s iron cover with small holes on top.
3. 蓋盅（兒） gaih-jung (’l), n., teacup with a cover.
4. 蓋面兒 gaih-miah-’l, adj., ostensibly plausible (also 蓋面子): 蓋面兒的話 argument for covering up.
5. 蓋世 gaih-shyh, adj., rising above all others: 蓋世無雙 (of things or persons) without a match, peerless;
6. 蓋世 gaih-shyh, adj., 蓋世英雄, the greatest hero;
7. 蓋世 gaih-shyh, adj., see gaih-daih↑.
8. 蓋頭 gaih-tour, n., a bridal veil.
9. 蓋藏 gaih-tsarng, n. & v.t., things hoarded up;
10. 蓋藏 gaih-tsarng, n. & v.t., to hoard up.
11. 蓋子 gaih-tz, n., (1) a cover (of pot, etc.);
12. 蓋子 gaih-tz, n., (2) the outer shell of crustaceans.
13. 蓋碗 gaih-waan, n., a covered bowl or dish.

芷 Num. Index: 20A.30-2 jyy .

N. 白芷 (bot.) the angelica, a spicy plant;
芷若 (白芷 and 杜芷) both fragrant plants.

□ Num. Index: 20A.30-2 rueei . [Pop. of 蕊 20A.72]

𤦏 Num. Index: 20A.30-2 jioou . [Var. of 韭 22.30]

蘆 Num. Index: 20A.30-2 lur . [Abbr. □]

N. (Bot.) reed, rush.

Words 1. 蘆花 lur-hua, n., fluffy ends of reed, also called 蘆絮 lur-shuh.
2. 蘆薈 lur-hueih, n., aloe.
3. 蘆粟 lur-suh, n., sweet sorghum.
4. 蘆筍 lur-suun, n., asparagus.
5. 蘆葦 lur-weei, n., reed.

藎 Num. Index: 20A.30-2 jihn .

N. (Bot.) Arthraxon ciliare.

Adj. Patriotic and loyal: 王之藎臣 the king’s loyal minister.

荳 Num. Index: 20A.30-3 douh . [Var. for 豆 30.30]

薑 Num. Index: 20A.30-3 jiang .

N. (bot.) Ginger.

Words 1. 薑黃 jiang-huarng, n., turmerie: 薑黃試紙 turmeric paper.

苤 Num. Index: 20A.30-3 piee (also pii ).

Words 1. 苤藍 piee-’lan, n., (bot.) a vegetable, Brassica campestris (＝蔓青).

莖 Num. Index: 20A.30-3 jing .

N. A stem, the stalk of a plant: 玉莖 (affected circumlocution) the penis.

薤 Num. Index: 20A.30-3 shieh .

N. Shallots;
scallions;
薤露 a classic dirge or funeral song.

苴 Num. Index: 20A.30-4 jyu .

N. (1) A pack, package, packet: 苞苴 bribes (wrapped up in a bundle).

N. (2) The female plant of the nettle hemp: 宜麻 jyu-mar, 苴布 jyu-buh↓.

Words 1. 苴布 jyu-buh, n., coarse cloth.
2. 苴麻 jyu-mar, n., the female plant of the hemp.

藍 Num. Index: 20A.30-5 larn . [Dist. 籃 92A.30]

N. (1) (Bot.) the indigo plant.
(2) (Abbr. of 伽藍) (Budd.) a monastery or convent.
(3) A surname.

Adj. Blue.

Words 1. 藍寶石 larn-baau-shyr, n., (min.) sapphire.
2. 藍本 larn-been, n., an original manuscript or publication from which copies are made, a model for copying.
3. 藍青 larn-ching, adj., (1) dark, indigo blue;
4. 藍青 larn-ching, adj., (2) (of speech) 藍青官話 corrupt Mandarin.
5. 籃靛（澱） larn-diahn, n., indigo blue (also 靛青，藍靛).
6. 藍菊 larn-jyur, n., (bot.) the common China aster, Callistephus chinensis (also 翠菊).
7. 藍縷 larn-lyuu, adj., (of clothes) tattered, torn and ragged (also 襤褸，藍褸）：篳路藍縷，蓽露藍蔞 be a trail blazer or pioneer in opening up virgin lands;
8. 藍縷 larn-lyuu, adj., the pioneering spirit.
9. 藍皮書 larn-pir-shu, n., official blue book, so called from its blue cover.
10. 藍衫 larn-shan, n., (MC) a scholar having passed the first degree government examination under the Mirng monarchy, so called from the blue gown he was entitled to wear (＝秀才).
11. 藍田 larn-tiarn, n., name of county in Shensi Province noted for its jades: 藍田生玉 children born of great parents;
12. 藍田 larn-tiarn, n., 藍田種玉 cause to be pregnant, usu. said of illicit sexual relations.
13. 藍菜 larn-tsaih, n., (bot.) the cabbage, Brassica oleracea (also 甘藍).
14. 監圖 larn-tur, n., a blueprint.
15. 監輿 larn-yur, n., (1) a light carriage;
16. 監輿 larn-yur, n., (2) a bamboo sedan chair.

虀 Num. Index: 20A.30-6 ji .

N. (1) Interch. 齏 60.30.
(2) Pickles.

Words 1. 虀鹽 ji-yarn, n., vegetable diet (“eating only pickles and salt”).

萱 Num. Index: 20A.30-6 shyuan . [Var. 萲]

N. A day lily, Hemerocallis flava, whose flower petals are edible (also called 金針菜);
(a) as symbol of motherhood from AC allu., as 椿 10B.41 is symbolic allu. to father: 椿萱並茂 both father and mother are in good health;
see 萱堂 shyuan-tarng↓;
(b) as symbol of relief from sorrow (also called 忘憂草): 萱草忘憂.

Words 1. 萱堂 shyuan-tarng, n., (LL, court.) mother, your mother.

菹 Num. Index: 20A.30-6 jyu .

N. (1) Pickles.
(2) A swamp overgrown with grass.
(3) Mince, hash: 菹醢 kill (s.o.) and make his flesh into mincemeat.

□ Num. Index: 20A.30-9 lih . [Var. 蒞，𦾡]

V.t. Come to, arrive at, reach: □盟 (AC) attend an international conference, (of friends) keep a rendezvous.

葒 Num. Index: 20A.30-9 hurng .

N. (Bot.) 葒草 the prince’s feather, Polygonum orientale.

蘊 Num. Index: 20A.30-9 yuhn . [Usu.. □]

N. (1) A water plant.
(2) Hidden bottom: 底蘊 the bottom of affairs.

V.t. (1) To collect, to hide.
(2) (AC) to make a bonfire.

Words 1. 蘊藉 yuhn-jieh, adj., see 醞 31C.30.
2. 蘊結 yuhn-jier, v.i., to be pent up, oppressed at heart.
3. 蘊蓄 yuhn-shyuh, v.i. & t., to hoard, save (money).
4. 蘊藏 yuhn-tsarng, v.i. & t., ditto.
5. 蘊藻 yuhn-tzaau, n., watercress and the like;
6. 蘊藻 yuhn-tzaau, n., decorations on house beams or in writing.

□ Num. Index: 20A.32-4 luor . [Abbr. of 蘿 20A.11]

夢 Num. Index: 20A.32-4 mehng . [Abbr. □]

N. & v.i. & t. To dream;
oft. 夢見 mehng-jiahn (s.t. or s.o.);
oft. 做夢 have a dream;
他在做夢 he is dreaming (planning s.t. impossible);
夢中 in a dream;
夢鄉 dreamland;
夢遊 dream of travelling;
夢熊 (AC) dream of a bear, omen of having a boy;
夢虺 (AC) dream of a serpent, omen of having a daughter;
夢魂顛倒 deeply in love;
迷夢 foolish dream;
如夢初醒 like wakening from a dream;
（蝴）蝶 ^ 夢, butterfly dream, 22D.01;
一㪫噩夢 all like a bad dream;
一㪫幻夢 all like a dream;
夢筆生花 dream of being a successful writer.

Words 1. 夢話 mehng-huah, n., talking in a dream;
2. 夢話 mehng-huah, n., nonsense.
3. 夢幻 mehng-huan, n., in 夢幻泡影 like a dream and a bubble’s shadow;
4. 夢幻 mehng-huan, n., illusion (of life).
5. 夢兆 mehng-jauh, n., dream omen.
6. 夢境 mehng-jihng, n., dream world.
7. 夢蘭 mehng-larn, n., (LL) dream of an orchid (allu.)－be pregnant.
8. 夢夢 mehng-mehng, adj., unaware, uncomprehending, cf. 懵懵 22A.41.
9. 夢寐 mehng-meih, n., in sleep: 夢寐不忘 remember always, even in sleep;
10. 夢寐 mehng-meih, n., 夢寐以求 try to find (solution) even in sleep.
11. 夢想 mehng-shiaang, v.i. & t., hope and dream, have illusions: 別夢想 don’t have any foolish idea (to be s.t.);
12. 夢想 mehng-shiaang, v.i. & t., 夢想不倒 never dreamt, it was a complete surprise.
13. 夢魘 mehng-yaan, n., nightmare.
14. 夢遺 mehng-yir, n., nocturnal emission.

芩 Num. Index: 20A.32-8 chirn .

N. (Bot.) 黃芩 the skullcap, Scuttelaria biacalensis.

苦 Num. Index: 20A.40-1 kuu .

V.i. Suffer from: 苦熱，（苦夏）suffer from the heat, (summer heat);
苦雨 troubled by too much rain;
苦于 suffer from: 苦于奔命 suffer from dashing about on duties.

Adj. (1) Bitter (lit. & fig.), hard, unlucky, painful: 苦味 bitter taste;
苦酒 bitters;
苦盡甘來 sweet are the fruits of labor (cf. “sweet are the uses of adversity”), luck turns after hardship;
同甘共苦 share good luck and ill (husband and wife);
苦命，命苦 hard luck;
痛苦 painful, causing suffering;
苦不堪言 suffer unspeakably;
苦樂 joy and sorrow;
苦中作樂 enjoy life though hard up;
艱 ^ 苦 20S.02, difficult (struggle);
過苦日子 be hard up;
苦過 ditto;
苦生意，苦買賣 business with very thin profits;
苦活兒 poorly paid living;
苦差 job with hard work and poor pay.
(2) Hardworking: 辛苦，苦辛 do hard work (to make a living, etc.);
勞苦 to labor hard, see 勞^苦91.50;
苦力，苦工 kuu-lih, kuu-gung↓;
下苦功 work hard (at lessons, etc.).

Adv. Hard, energetically: 苦幹 work hard;
苦讀，苦學 study hard;
苦勸 try one’s best to persuade, convince;
苦口婆心 phr., ditto;
苦諫 earnest admonitions;
苦追 try hard to catch up with s.o.;
苦留 try hard to ask s.o. to stay;
苦戰，苦𥌓 fight bitterly;
苦打 ditto, beat up terribly.

Words 1. 苦處 kuu-chuh, n., personal difficulty not always understood: 這是我的苦處 this is my difficulty.
2. 苦楚 kur-chuu, n. & v.t., persecute (person): 苦楚自己 torture oneself unnecessarily;
3. 苦楚 kur-chuu, n., misery;
4. 苦楚 kur-chuu, pain, sorrow.
5. 苦窮 kuu-chyurng, adj., desperately poor, usu. said of oneself to stave off friends who come to borrow.
6. 苦瓜 kuu-gua, n., (bot.) bitter gourd, Momordica charanta.
7. 苦工 kuu-gung, n., hard labor, coolie: 做苦工.
8. 苦海 kur-haai, n., (Budd., said of human life) a sea of woes: 苦海無邊 the endless sea of tribulations;
9. 苦海 kur-haai, n., 脫離苦海 to escape from the human world of woes and find salvation.
10. 苦節 kuu-jier, n., severe selfdiscipline, self-denial.
11. 苦衷 kuu-jung, n., real kind intentions, usually not expressed: 你不明白我的苦衷 you do not realize my motives;
12. 苦衷 kuu-jung, n., 訴苦衷 explain one’s motives.
13. 苦竹 kuu-jur, n., (bot.) Japanese timber bamboo, Phyllostachys bambusoides.
14. 苦主 kur-juu, n., relative of victim in a murder case.
15. 苦汁 kuu-jy, n., (chem.) bittern.
16. 苦口 kur-koou, (1) adj., bitter in taste;
17. 苦口 kur-koou, (2) as in 苦口（勸他），苦口婆心 remonstrate earnestly and kindly.
18. 苦苦 kur-kuu, adv., hard, strenuously: 苦苦相勸 remonstrate earnestly;
19. 苦苦 kur-kuu, adv., 苦苦追求 try hard to gain (some object).
20. 苦力 kuu-lih, n., coolie (special word in colonies for miners, porters, sedan chair carriers, etc.), manual laborer.
21. 苦□ kuu-mai (Peking dial. also chyuu-’mai, the sow thistle, Lactuca denticulata.
22. 苦惱 kur-naau, n. & adj., distress, misery;
23. 苦惱 kur-naau, n. & adj., miserable (affair).
24. 苦難 kuu-nahn, n., distress, trials and tribulations: 人生的苦難 the trials of life.
25. 苦人 kuu-rern, n., poor man;
26. 苦人 kuu-rern, n., hand laborer.
27. 苦肉計 kuu-rouh-jih, n., a confidence game, a trick to gain s.t. by showing self-sacrifice in the beginning.
28. 苦參 kuu-shen, n., (bot.) Sophora flavescens, a plant used as insecticide.
29. 苦相 kuu-shiahng, n., face of misery;
30. 苦相 kuu-shiahng, n., physiognomy of hard luck.
31. 苦笑 kuu-shiauh, v.i. & n., (force) a bitter smile.
32. 苦心 kuu-shin, adv., with patience and enduring resolve: 苦心孤詣 notable achievement after persistent work.
33. 苦刑 kuu-shirng¹, n., torture, third degree.
34. 苦行 kuu-shirng², n., (monk’s) life of self-denial and mortification.
35. 苦水 kur-shueei, n., “hard” water;
36. 苦水 kur-shueei, n., water in some wells not fit for drinking (cf. 甜^水 90S.21);
37. 苦水 kur-shueei, n., 苦水子 (coll.) medicinal potion.
38. 苦死 kur-syy, (1) adv., (＝苦苦): as in 你苦死要來 you were determined to come regardless…;
39. 苦死 kur-syy, (2) adj., very miserable;
40. 苦死 kur-syy, (3) phr., in the worst circumstances: 苦死了每天也要給你兩頓飯吃 have to provide you two meals a day despite everything.
41. 苦頭（兒） kuu-tour (’l), (1) adj., mildly bitter: 井况的水是苦頭的 this well water is slightly bitter;
42. 苦頭（兒） kuu-tour (’l), (2) n., as in 吃苦頭 experience hardship, suffer loss;
43. 苦頭（兒） kuu-tour (’l), 給他一點苦頭吃 give him a lesson.
44. 苦菜 kuu-tsaih, n., (bot.) a term denoting various vegetables with mildly bitter taste, including Sonchus oleraceus.
45. 苦痛 kuu-tuhng, n. & adj., pain, -ful: 心中苦痛 heartache;
46. 苦痛 kuu-tuhng, n. & adj., 苦痛不堪 suffer extremely.
47. 苦土 kur-tuu, n., (chem.) magnesia;
48. 苦土 kur-tuu, n., 煆苦土 calcined magnesia.
49. 苦子 kuu-tz, n., see kuu-tour(2)↑.
50. 苦業 kuu-yeh, n., (Budd.) normal sufferings of human life.
51. 苦窳 kur-yuu, adj., (of industrial products) coarse, crude, of poor quality.

莕 Num. Index: 20A.40-1 shihng .

N. (Bot.) the floating heart, or fringed water lily, Limnanthemum nymphoides.

若 Num. Index: 20A.40-1 ruoh .

N. (1) (*ree) 蘭若 (Budd.) a monastery, hermitage (from Sanskr. aranya);
般若 (Budd.) understanding, wisdom (from Sanskr. prajna).
(2) A surname.

Pron. (LL, AC) you, your: 若輩 ruoh-beih↓;
若犀 (pl.) you;
若曹 ditto;
若父 your father.

V.i. Seem appear to: 若合符節 seem to fit to a T;
若無其事 as if nothing had occurred.

Adj. Such, like, similar: 若而人 such kind of persons;
不若人 unlike, no match for, others;
相若 similar to: 年相若 of the same age;
君子哉若人 such a person is truly a gentleman;
若大旱之望雨也 it’s like longing for rain during a drought;
宛若天仙 divinely beautiful (“looks like a heavenly fairy”).

Adv. Seemingly, partly, in uncommitted manner: 若有若無 not much, if any;
(of misty landscape) faintly discernible;
若隱若現 partly hidden and partly visible;
若即若離 (of relations between persons) luke-warm, half-hearted, (between lovers) partly accepting, partly rejecting.

Prep. As, like: 視若仇敵 regard as enemy;
待之若上賓 treat s.o. as an honored guest;
視若父兄 as dearly beloved as father and brother;
若喪家之狗 like a stray dog.

Conj. (1) If, as if, in case: 倘若 if, supposing;
若使 ruoh-shyy↓;
若有所失 feel lost;
若有所思 as if deep in thought;
若將就木 as though about to die;
若己推而內之溝中 as if oneself had pushed them into the gutters;
若不早圖 if no attempt is made early enough to forestall it;
若果立之 if he is made king;
若有甲兵之事 in case war should come;
若其 in case;
若果 in case that;
若非 unless.
(2) Both …and …: 若老若幼 both old and young.
(3) Than: 莫若 nothing better than: 止謗莫若自修 nothing stops gossip as correcting one’s own ways.

Words 1. 若輩 ruoh-beih, pron., (1) (pl.) you;
2. 若輩 ruoh-beih, pron., (2) such people.
3. 若夫 ruoh-fur, prep., as to.
4. 若干 ruoh-gan, (1) n., a certain amount;
5. 若干 ruoh-gan, (2) adj., how much or many?
6. 若箇 ruoh-geh, pron., (1) that one (also 若個);
7. 若箇 ruoh-geh, pron., (2) how much or many?
8. 若何 ruoh-her, adv., (1) how then?
9. 若何 ruoh-her, adv., (2) what then?
10. 若榴 ruoh-liour, n., (bot.) (AC) the pomegranate.
11. 若鷺 ruoh-luh, n., (zoo.) the pond smelt.
12. 若木 ruoh-muh, n., (AC) a legendary tree supposed to grow where the sun sets.
13. 若若 ruoh-ruoh, adj., (AC) dangling, overhanging.
14. 若是 ruoh-shyh, conj., if, supposing: 若是乎 so, thus, in such a way, to such an extent.
15. 若許 ruoh-shyuu, adj., so much or many.
16. 若使 ruoh-shyy, conj., if, supposing.
17. 若為 ruoh-weir, adv., if, if it is.
18. 若言 ruoh-yarn, n., (1) words of this kind;
19. 若言 ruoh-yarn, n., (2) (AC) candid words.
20. 若英 ruoh-ying, n., (1) the flower of 若木 ruoh-muh↑;
21. 若英 ruoh-ying, n., (2) Pollia japonica.

苫 Num. Index: 20A.40-2 shan .

N. Grass mat: 苫塊 shan-kuaih↓.

V.t. To cover (hut) with hay.

Words 1. 苫塊 shan-kuaih, phr., (LL) to observe parent’s mourning by sleeping on grass mat on ground (苫) and using clod (塊) as pillow, now used only as litr. convention “at the grass mat” (so claimed)－in mourning.

莒 Num. Index: 20A.40-4 jyuu .

N. (1) A fibrous plant like the hemp.
(2) The taro.
(3) The name of an anc. principality: 毋忘在莒 (allu.) a reminder not to forget the national humiliation but to recover the lost territory.

□ Num. Index: 20A.40-5 yii . [Var. of 苡 20A.81]

苕 Num. Index: 20A.40-5 tiaur .

N. A rush plant, whose stems can be used for broomstick.

菩 Num. Index: 20A.40-6 pur .

N. Name of aromatic plant.

Words 1. 菩薩 pur-’sa, n., (Budd.) Bodhisattva;
2. 菩薩 pur-’sa, n., 小菩薩 doll, term of endearment for baby;
3. 菩薩 pur-’sa, n., 菩薩蠻 pur-’sa-marn, name of melody;
4. 菩薩 pur-’sa, n., 菩薩心腸 a great kind heart;
5. 菩薩 pur-’sa, n., 菩薩低眉 kind face.
6. 菩提 pur-tir, n., (Budd.) the bodhi tree;
7. 菩提 pur-tir, n., true awakening.

蘑 Num. Index: 20A.40-6 mor .

V.t. & t. (Coll.) occa. var. of 磨 61.40 in the sense of wearing out person by persistent annoying.

Words 1. 蘑菇（菰） mor-’gu, n., a kind of edible mushroom.

□ Num. Index: 20A.40-6 yirng . [Abbr. of 營 91.40]

菅 Num. Index: 20A.40-6 jian .

N. (Bot.) Themeda forskali: 草菅人命 have scant regard for human life, kill off people (“like rooting out wild grass”).

蓉 Num. Index: 20A.40-6 rurng .

N. 芙蓉 the hibiscus.

落 Num. Index: 20A.40-6 luoh (*lauh in many coll. usages).

N. (1) A settlement, division, place where people congregate: 部落 a tribe;
村落 a village;
下落 whereabouts: 下落不明，不知下落 whereabouts unknown;
告一段落 (of affairs) a chapter has been concluded, a stage of development closed.
(2) A lot: 一落兒 (yir-lauh-’l) 書，一落兒碟子 a stack of books, dishes.
(3) A hedge: 籬落.

V.i. & t. (1) To shed, drop down, off: 落葉 shed leaves;
落花，落英 fallen petals;
打得落花流水 route the enemy completely;
落日 setting sun;
落下來 drop down;
落淚 shed tears;
落雨，落雪 it rains, snows;
落膽 lose heart, frightened out of one’s wits;
落髮 drop off hair, hair falls;
落髮為僧 shave one’s head and become a monk;
落胎 have, or cause, an abortion;
落湯雞 drenched through, like chicken drenched and about to be feathered;
落湯螃蟹 helpless like crab in steaming pot;
落井（□）下石 to throw rocks in after a man has fallen into well (trap)－strike man when he is down;
落水 (of person, ship) go into the water, (woman) become prostitute.
(2) (Pr. *lauh or luoh) fall, come down on: 落在地上 drop to the ground;
鳥落在房上 bird alights on the roof;
落第六名 name comes out in sixth place;
名落孫山 (phr. allu.) fail in civil examination－name comes out behind the last name, that of Sun Shan;
see 落第，落選 luoh-dih², luoh-shyuaan↓.
(3) (As vb. suffix or as adv.) off, down: 脫落 shed off: 失落 lose (a handkerchief, watch);
遺落 drop out (by mistake);
降落 descend;
墜落 sink into, drop down, degenerate;
殂落，隕落 die, fallen upon bad times, unsuccessful, withered;
衰落 declined;
凋落 withered;
淪落 degenerate;
流落 drift about without fixed profession;
沒落 (of fame, movement) die out, be forgotten, decline.
(4) To drop out by mistake: 落了一個字 a word has been dropped out;
落禮兒 a mistake or oversight in courtesy;
落神 be absentminded.
(5) To result in, end up in: 落圈套 fall into trap;
這封信落到他手 this letter has fallen into his hand;
落空 (plans, endeavors) end up in nothing;
落難 get into trouble, in distress;
(*lauh) receive comment: 落褒貶 receive criticism;
落不是 be condemned, criticised as wrong;
落好兒 receive favorable comment;
除開消以外落了幾塊錢 made a few dollars after expenses;
落了不少油水 made a lot on the side as commission.
(6) To set (ink, brush in writting, painting): 落筆 to set pen on paper in given manner or style;
落墨 set ink;
落款 (*lauh) to put signature to scroll, including artist’s name and that of recipient possibly also date;
落賬 (lauh) enter item in account.
(7) To stay, stop over: 落棧 (coll.) stop at an inn for the night;
落腳兒 (coll.) stop for a rest;
落炕 sick confined to bed.
(8) (*lauh) To drop down, drop out: 落價 come down in price;
to fade: 落色 fade in color;
(luoh) to drop out of elections, army, tests, see 落選，落伍，落第 luoh-shyuaan, luoh-wuu, luoh-dih²↓;
drop behind, 落後 luoh-houh.↓.

Adj. (1) Scarce, scattered, thinned out: 零落，疏落 scattered;
零零落落 bits here and there;
寥落 thinly populated.

Adv. See V.i. & t.3↑.

Words 1. 落榜 luoh-baang, v.t., formerly, fail in civil examinations.
2. 落成 luoh-cherng, v.i., (of buildings) completed: 落成典禮 inauguration ceremony of new building.
3. 落地 luoh-dih¹, (1) be born: 落地為兄弟 are born brothers;
4. 落地 luoh-dih¹, (2) (*lauh-dih) touching the ground: 落地燈 floor lamp;
5. 落地 luoh-dih¹, 落地窗 French window;
6. 落地 luoh-dih¹, 落地式收音機 cabinet or console type radio set (as against desk type).
7. 落第 luoh-dih², v.i., fail in civil examinations.
8. 落後 luoh-houh, v.i., fall behind in work;
9. 落後 luoh-houh, adj., behind times (in thinking), backward: 落後國家 underdeveloped countries.
10. 落花生 luoh-hua-sheng, n., peanut.
11. 落荒 luoh-huang, n., take to the wilds: 落荒而逃 be a fugitive from justice.
12. 落價 *lauh-jiah¹, v.i., come down in price.
13. 落架 *lauh-jiah², v.i., (of family) fall apart, decline.
14. 落葵 luoh-kueir, n., (bot.) malaba nightshade, Basella rubra.
15. 落空 luoh-kung, v.i., end up in nothing, suffer loss.
16. 落落 luoh-luoh, adj., as in 落落大方 very poised and dignified;
17. 落落 luoh-luoh, adj., 落落寡合 socially aloof;
18. 落落 luoh-luoh, adj., 零零落落 in piecemeal fashion.
19. 落寞 luoh-moh, adj., (1) aloof, alone;
20. 落寞 luoh-moh, adj., (2) off and on, in piecemeal fashion.
21. 落腮鬍（子） luoh-sai-hur (tz), n., whiskers on cheeks.
22. 落選 luoh-shyuaan, v.i., fail to be elected or in competitive examinations.
23. 落體 luoh-tii, n., (phys.) a falling body.
24. 落草 luoh-tsaau (*lauh-tsaau), v.i., to join the bandits: 落草為寇 turn to banditry.
25. 落魄 luoh-tuoh (also pr., luoh-poh, wr. also 落泊 luoh-poh), adj., (1) down and out, be a failure, down-hearted;
26. 落魄 luoh-tuoh (also pr., luoh-poh, wr. also 落泊 luoh-poh), adj., (2) (luoh-tuoh usu. wr. 落拓), unconventional, going one’s own way.
27. 落子 *lauh-tz, (1) as in 落子館兒 equiv. to cheap amusement park where singing, vaudeville shows are given;
28. 落子 *lauh-tz, (2) means of living: 窮得都沒落子了 without means of subsistence.
29. 落伍 luoh-wuu, v.i., drop behind others, become outdated, see luoh-houh↑.
30. 落葉樹 luoh-yeh-shuh, n., deciuous trees.

蒼 Num. Index: 20A.40-8 tsang .

N. The sky above: 上蒼 the sky, heaven (oft. personified).

Adj. (1) Blue (sky, sea).
(2) Green (grass, vegetation).
(3) Grey (beard, temples), old: 蒼老 tsang-laau↓.
(4) Black or deep grey (eagles, flies): 蒼蠅，蒼鷹，蒼龍，蒼鷺 tsang-’ying, tsang-ying, tsang-lurng, tsang-luh↓;
cf. 青 10.42 for confusion of colors.

Words 1. 蒼白 tsang-bair, adj., pale (complexion).
2. 蒼穹 tsang-chyurng, n., (LL) the blue sky, firmament.
3. 蒼耳 tsang-eel, n., the burweed.
4. 蒼朮 tsang-jur, n., a medicinal herb, Atractylis lancea, var. ovata.
5. 蒼老 tsang-laau, adj., (1) old, weathered (appearance), weak and split (voice);
6. 蒼老 tsang-laau, adj., (2) masterly, thoroughly mature (calligraphy).
7. 蒼鷺 tsang-luh, n., the grey stork, Ardea cinerea.
8. 蒼龍 tsang-lurng, n., black dragon.
9. 蒼茫 tsang-marng, adj., diffused, misty, indistinct (night sky).
10. 蒼生 tsang-sheng, n., (LL) the younger generation;
11. 蒼生 tsang-sheng, n., all living mankind, the people at large.
12. 蒼苔 tsang-tair, n., lichen.
13. 蒼天 tsang-tian, n., heaven (oft. personified).
14. 蒼頭 tsang-tour, n., (AC) blackturbaned servants, also foot soldiers.
15. 蒼蒼 tsang-tsang, adj., (1) dark green;
16. 蒼蒼 tsang-tsang, adj., (2) grey (hair, beard);
17. 蒼蒼 tsang-tsang, adj., (3) old, weathered.
18. 蒼鷹 tsang-ying, n., the eagle.
19. 蒼蠅 tsang-’ying, n., the common fly;
20. 蒼蠅 tsang-’ying, n., 蒼蠅刷兒 a fly swat.

荅 Num. Index: 20A.40-8 da . [Abbr. of 答 92A.40]

茄 Num. Index: 20A.40-9 chier (*jia ).

N. (1) (chier-tz) The eggplant: 茄袋 a wallet, shaped like eggplant;
番茄 tomato.
(3) (*jia) The lotus stalk.

蓓 Num. Index: 20A.40-9 beih .

N. A bud, only in comp.↓.

Words 1. 蓓蕾 beih-leei, n., flower bud.

茗 Num. Index: 20A.40-9 mirng (miing ).

N. (LL) tea (＝vern. 茶): 品茗 sample or critically enjoy tea;
茗坊，茗肆 teasample or house;
茗圃 tea field, plantation.

茖 Num. Index: 20A.40-9 ger .

N. (Bot.) 茖𧩓 the wild or longroot onion, Allium victorialis.

茹 Num. Index: 20A.40-9 rur (also ruh ).

N. (1) Roots attached to the crown of a plant: 拔茅連茹 pull up the rushes with their roots.
(2) Vegetable food in gen.
(3) A surname.

V.t. Eat: 茹苦 suffer (“taste bitterness”);
茹荼 ditto;
茹葷 eat meats;
茹素 practise vegetarianism;
貪茹 to swallow greedily, to gorge oneself;
茹毛飲血 live the life of a savage (“eat animal flesh raw and drink its blood”).

Adj. Rotten and foul-smelling: 茹魚 putrid fish.

Words 1. 茹筆 rur-bii, v.i., lick writing brush into shape.
2. 茹痛 rur-tuhng, v.i., suffer, endure, put up with, bear up under (pains).

菇 Num. Index: 20A.40-9 gu .

N. (Bot.) 蘑菇，草菇 edible mushrooms;
香菇，冬菇 varieties of fine mushroom.

苔 Num. Index: 20A.40-9 tair (*tai ).

N. (1) Moss, lichens: 青苔 moss;
苔梅 moss-covered plum tree;
苔紙 paper made from moss;
苔錢 small discs of lichens;
苔茵 carpet of moss.
(2) (*tai) Whitish coating (fur) on tongue: 舌苔.

Words 1. 苔砌 tair-chih, n., mossy steps.
2. 苔痕 tair-hern, n., mossy growths (with footprints).
3. 苔癬 tair-shiaan, n., lichens.
4. 苔菜 tair-tsaih, n., (bot.) Corydalis incisa.
5. 苔衣 tair-yi, n., a spread of lichens.

藉 Num. Index: 20A.41-1 jieh (*jir ).

N. (1) (*jir) A mattress.
(2) (*jir) Reliance, basis: 憑藉.
(3) A surname.

V.t. (1) (*jir) Sit or lie on: 藉藉 *jir-jir↓;
狼藉 scattered about, lying here and there;
枕藉 piled up (plates after dinner, dead and wounded after battle).
(2) To make use of (＝借): 藉此 take advantage of (event, situation, pretext);
藉以 in order to (satisfy demands, seek distraction, get notoriety, etc.).

Words 1. 藉端 jieh-duan, v.t., make a pretext.
2. 藉故 jieh-guh, v.t., give as an excuse.
3. 藉藉 *jir-jir, adj., in a state of utter confusion, scattered here and there;
4. 藉藉 *jir-jir, adj., wide spread.
5. 藉重 jieh-juhng, v.t., depend on for supoort or assistance.
6. 藉口 jieh-koou, phr., on the pretext of.
7. 藉手 jieh-shoou, v.t., do through the hands of another.
8. 藉詞 jieh-tsyr, (1) v.t., give as an excuse;
9. 藉詞 jieh-tsyr, (2) phr., on the pretext that.
10. 藉資 jieh-tzy, v.t., avail oneself of, take advantage of.

著 Num. Index: 20A.41-1 juh (*juor , *jau , *jaur , *’je). [Common var. 幵, in all senses except “compose,” “well-known”]

N. (1) Written works: 著述 author’s works, writings;
名著 famous works.
(2) (*juor) A move in chess or any move (political, etc.): 這一著很出色 this is a brilliant move.
(3) (*jau) A plan, strategy: 高著，妙著 brilliant strategy;
a move in chess: 著數 *jau-shuh↓.

V.t. (1) To compose, write (books): 著書 write books;
著書立說 to write and propound ideas.
(2) (*juor) To touch, put one’s hand on, apply, make a (chess) move;
to put on (dress);
to make different moves: 著棋 play chess;
著力，著手 *juor-lih, *juor-shoou↓;
著意，著色 *juor-yih, *juor-seh↓.
(3) (*juor) To send s.o.: 著人去辦 send s.o. to do it.
(4) (*jau) To catch, be affected by contact (with heat, cold): 著風，著涼 *jau-feng, *jau-liarng↓;
著雨 wetted by rain;
著水 wetted by water;
著慌，著急 *jau-huarng, *jau-jir↓;
and a special variation (*jaur) －catch (fire): 著火 catch fire, also 火著了fire begins to burn.
(5) (*jaur) To put out effort, to hit, strike at some point: 著用 *jaur-yuhng, 著眼 *jaur-yaan↓;
著一把手兒 lend a hand (to help);
著三不著兩 unable to attend to all at same time.

Adj. (1) Well-known: 著名juh-mirng↓;
卓著 outstanding.
(2) (*juor) 著實 juor-shyr↓.

Adv. (1) (*jaur, accented) Used after vb. to indicate a hit: 找著了 have found it;
打著了 have hit it (target);
猜著了 have guessed correctly;
(*jaur-’je) when unaccented, see 2↓.
(2) (*je, unaccented) Used like inflexional ending, pres. part. “-ing,” indicating continuing process, 坐著等他 sit and wait (lit., “wait sitting”) for him;
站著寫信 write a letter standing up;
看著他來 watching him come;
拉著手走路 walk holding hands;
or like p.p. in sense of “hit”: 得著了 have got it;
買著了 have already bought;
找著了 have found it.

Words 1. 著處 *juor-chuh, adv., (MC) everywhere (＝逐處).
2. 著風 *jau-feng, v.i., to catch cold, see *jau-liarng↓.
3. 著花 *juor-hua, v.i., (of flower tree) blossoms.
4. 著慌 *jau-huarng, v.i., become nervous, tense.
5. 著火 *jaur-huoo, v.i., catch fire.
6. 著績 juh-ji, n., well-known results, accomplishments.
7. 著急 *jau-jir, v.i., become nervous, anxious, agitated.
8. 著重兒 *jau-juhng-’l, v.i., (of illnesss) become serious, take a bad turn.
9. 著涼 *jau-liarng, v.i., catch cold.
10. 著力 *juor-lih, v.i., to put forth effort (to do things).
11. 著落 *juor-luoh (*jaur-luoh), n., (1) whereabouts: 不知著落 do not know where he went to;
12. 著落 *juor-luoh (*jaur-luoh), n., (2) a satisfactory result or settlement: 沒有著落 without known results.
13. 著忙 *jau-marng, v.i., to hurry, hustle, see jau-huarng↑.
14. 著名 juh-mirng, adj., well-known.
15. 著色 *juor-seh, v.i., to apply color.
16. 著手 *juor-shoou, v.i., to begin (to write, build, etc.): 還沒著手 have not begun yet.
17. 著述 juh-shuh, v.i. & n., write (books, essays): 著述豐富 has many books to his name.
18. 著數 *jau-shuh, n., (1) a move in chess;
19. 著數 *jau-shuh, n., (2) a move in pugilism (also wr. 招數)
20. 著實 *juor-shyr, adv., really (do s.t.), not in perfunctory manner.
21. 著作 juh-tzuoh, n., (a person’s) works, writings;
22. 著作 juh-tzuoh, n., artistic products (as sculpture);
23. 著作 juh-tzuoh, n., 著作人，著作家 author;
24. 著作 juh-tzuoh, n., 著作權 copyright.
25. 著眼 *jaur-yaan, v.i., fix attention on (object);
26. 著眼 *jaur-yaan, v.i., 著眼點 points to be attended to.
27. 著意 *juor-yih, v.i., (1) be attracted by (person);
28. 著意 *juor-yih, v.i., (2) concentrate (on work).
29. 著用 *jaur-yuhng, v.t., be needed, useful.

蓍 Num. Index: 20A.41-1 shy .

N. A plant whose stalks were used in divination: 蓍龜 the shy-stalks and the tortoise-shell used in divination.

薔 Num. Index: 20A.41-1 chiarng .

Words 1. 薔薇 chiarng-weir, n., a rambler rose (cf. 玫 ^ 瑰 31A.82);
2. 薔薇 chiarng-weir, n., 薔薇露 rose water;
3. 薔薇 chiarng-weir, n., a kind of wine;
4. 薔薇 chiarng-weir, n., 薔薇硝 a rose powder;
5. 薔薇 chiarng-weir, n., 薔薇水 rose water;
6. 薔薇 chiarng-weir, n., 薔薇輝石 n., (min.) rhodonite.

葍 Num. Index: 20A.41-3 fur .

N. (AC) weed.

茜 Num. Index: 20A.41-3 chiahn .

Adj. Red.

Words 1. 茜草 chiahn-tsaau, n., (bot.) a grass whose root is used as red pigment, Rubia cordifolia.

蕾 Num. Index: 20A.41-3 leei .

N. A flower bud: 蓓蕾.

菖 Num. Index: 20A.41-4 chang .

Words 1. 菖蒲 chang-pur, n., (bot.) the sweet flag or iris: 白菖蒲 ditto;
2. 菖蒲 chang-pur, n., 菖蒲酒 calamus wine;
3. 菖蒲 chang-pur, n., 菖蒲棒兒 stem of sweet flag;
4. 菖蒲 chang-pur, n., 石菖蒲 dwarf calamus, trained for flower arrangement.

薯 Num. Index: 20A.41-4 shuu . [Var. 藷]

N. A potato, yam: 白薯，紅薯 sweet potato;
馬鈴薯 common potato;
大薯，薯芋 yam (also called 山藥) －usage differs in dialects.

暮 Num. Index: 20A.41-4 muh .

N. The dusk, sundown: 薄暮 toward sundown;
暮夜 muh-yeh↓;
旦暮 morning and night, see 旦41.30;
朝朝暮暮 morning and night;
暮鼓晨鐘 evening drum and morning bell of monastery, daily call to religious life.

Adj. Twilight, dusk, declining: 暮年，暮氣 muh-niarn, muh-chih↓;
end of season: 暮春，暮夏，暮秋 last month of spring, summer, autumn;
歲聿其暮 (AC) the year is drawing to its close.

Words 1. 暮氣 muh-chih, n., spirit of decline: 暮氣沉沉 opp. 朝^氣 10S.42.
2. 暮景 muh-jiing, n., sunset view or atmosphere.
3. 暮年 muh-niarn, n., declining years.
4. 暮生兒 muh-’sheng-’l, n., child born after father’s death＝遺腹子.
5. 暮歲 muh-shueih, n., the end of the year;
6. 暮歲 muh-shueih, n., declining years.
7. 暮夜 muh-yeh, n., night;
8. 暮夜 muh-yeh, n., 暮夜金 bribe money (“paid at night”).

苜 Num. Index: 20A.41-4 muh .

Words 1. 苜蓿 muh-suh, n., (bot.) clover, Medicago denticulata.

□ Num. Index: 20A.41-4 merng . [Cogn. 懵 22A.41]

Adj. Obscure;
dim-sighted.

Words 1. □騰 merng-terng, adj., half drunk (cf. 矇^矓 41B.02).

苗 Num. Index: 20A.41-4 miaur .

N. (1) Sprouts, seedling: 苗而不秀 corn which does not bear grain;
幼苗 young sprout;
豆苗 edible sprout of peas in the pot;
麥苗 wheat seedling;
樹苗 plant seedling for transplanting;
苗裔 miaur-yih↓.
(2) 火苗 pilot flame.
(3) 礦苗 outcrops of mineral deposits.
(4) Name of aboriginal tribes in southwest China: 苗族，苗人，苗子 the “Miaotse”;
熟苗 Miaotse under Chinese control or influence;
生苗 not under such influence.

Words 1. 苗兒 miaur-’l, n., as in 苕□苗兒 tiaur-’sou－the fine, thin fibres of a broom.
2. 苗條 miaur-’tiau, adj., slender: 身段苗條 (lady) has a slender figure.
3. 苗頭（兒） miau-’tou-’l, n., early beginning, clues, some visible results: 這件事已經有苗頭了 we have begun to see some visible results or clues;
4. 苗頭（兒） miau-’tou-’l, n., 這人很有苗頭 this man knows what he is doing.
5. 苗裔 miaur-yih, n., progeny.
6. 苗胤 miaur-yihn, n., ditto.

茴 Num. Index: 20A.41-4 hueir .

Words 1. 茴香 hueir-shiang, n., (bot.) 小茴香 sweet fennel;
2. 茴香 hueir-shiang, n., 大茴香 star-aniseed.

茵 Num. Index: 20A.41-4 yin .

N. (AC) a coverlet, mattress: 草茵 (fig.) a carpet of grass, lawn.

Words 1. 茵陳蒿 yin-chern-hau, n., (bot.) Artemisia capillaris.
2. 茵芋 miaur-yuh, n., (bot.) Skimmia japonica.

菌 Num. Index: 20A.41-4 jyuhn .

N. (1) (Also 蕈) the mushroom: fungus.
(2) (Short for 細菌) germs, bacteria.

Words 1. 菌花 jyuhn-hua, n., patterned mildew.
2. 菌類 jyuhn-leih, n., (bot.) fungi.

蓄 Num. Index: 20A.41-6 shyuh .

V.t. (1) To save, hoard up: 積蓄 to save, have savings;
蓄積 shyuh-jir↓.
(2) To keep for a long time: 蓄志，蓄意 shyuh-jyh, shyuh-yih↓.
(3) To let hair grow long after leaving monastic vow: 蓄髮.

Words 1. 蓄艾 shyuh-aih, phr., (AC allu.) be prepared to meet emergencies;
2. 蓄艾 shyuh-aih, phr., keep talented men for future use.
3. 蓄電池 shyuh-diahn-chyr, n., (electricity) a condenser, capacitor battery.
4. 蓄恨 shyuh-hehn, v.i., to nures a hatred, bear grudge.
5. 蓄積 shyuh-jir, v.i., to hoard, save up (money, property).
6. 蓄志 shyuh-jyh, v.i., keep an ambition, determine (to do s.t.).
7. 蓄謀 shyuh-mour, v.i., conceive, without revealing, a plan, plot in secret.
8. 蓄念 shyuh-niahn, v.i., harbor an idea (to do).
9. 蓄銳 shyuh-rueih, phr., as in 養精蓄銳 train an excellent army in preparation for war.
10. 蓄泄 shyuh-shieh, phr., dam up and let off.
11. 蓄養 shyuh-yaang, v.t., to raise (cattle, etc.).
12. 蓄意 shyuh-yih, v.i., see shyuh-niahn↑.
13. 蓄疑 shyuh-yir, v.i., to harbor suspicion.
14. 蓄怨 shyuh-yuahn, v.i., see shyuh-hehn↑.

藷 Num. Index: 20A.41-6 ju (*shuu ).

N. (1) 藷蔗 (AC) sugar cane.
(2) (*shuu) Potato (usu. wr. 薯 as in 白薯，紅薯).

蓿 Num. Index: 20A.41-6 suh .

N. See 苜^蓿 20A.41.

藩 Num. Index: 20A.41-6 farn .

N. (1) Fence.
(2) Outlying post, authority or province protecting border: 屏藩 border defense authority, protectorate.

Words 1. 藩國 farn-guor, n., feudatory state, governed by prince of royal house.
2. 藩鎮 farn-jehn, n., commander of outlying province.
3. 藩籬 farn-lir, n., fence, hedge;
4. 藩籬 farn-lir, n., (fig.) boundary: 打破藩籬 break through hedging-in traditions.
5. 藩屏 farn-pirng, n., governorships in outlying provinces, also 屏藩.
6. 藩屬 farn-shuu, n., protectorate.
7. 藩司（臺） farn-sy (farn-sy-tair), n., Mirng Dyn. commissioner ＝布政使.

薈 Num. Index: 20A.41-8 hueih .

Adj. Abundant.

Words 1. 薈萃 hueih-tsueih, v.i., assemble: 薈萃一堂 a distinguished gathering.
2. 薈蔚 hueih-weih, adj., abundant (vegetation), massive (clouds).

蕃 Num. Index: 20A.41-9 farn . [Dist. 藩 20A.41]

Adj. (1) Used as var. of 番 “foreign” in 番椒，番薯，番國, see 90.41 adj. & compp.
(2) Luxurious, thriving, multiplying fast.

Words 1. 蕃昌 farn-chang, adj., flourishing, proliferous.
2. 蕃殖 farn-jyr, v.i., grow well, multiply fast.
3. 蕃茂 farn-mouh, adj., luxuriant, rank (vegetation).
4. 蕃息 farn-shir, v.i., multiply quickly (plants, animals).
5. 蕃庶 farn-shuh, adj., numerous (progeny).
6. 蕃滋 farn-tzy, v.i., multiply.
7. 蕃衍 farn-yaan, v.i., spread (of plants, descendants).
8. 蕃育 farn-yuh, v.i., multiply (descendants).

蕕 Num. Index: 20A.41-9 your .

N. (LL) a stinking grass;
(fig.) stinking personality: 薰蕕 the good and the bad.

菑 Num. Index: 20A.41-9 tzy (*tzai ).

N. (1) (AC) a piece of newly cultivated land: 菑畬 farm land that has been cultivated for one or two years.
(2) (*tzai) (Interch. 災) a natural disaster: 無菑無害 free from any visitations of nature or calamity.

V.t. To hoe, to weed.

菁 Num. Index: 20A.42-1 jing .

N. (1) Flower of the leek family.
(2) Reeds.

Words 1. 菁華 jing-huar, n., essence, quintessence, the best part of anything (＝精華).
2. 菁菁 jing-jing, adj., luxuriant, lush.

葫 Num. Index: 20A.42-1 hur .

Words 1. 葫蘆 hur-lur (hur-’lu), n., the bottle gourd;
2. 葫蘆 hur-lur (hur-’lu), n., dried shell of bottle gourd, used for holding medicine: 葫蘆况藥讓你猜 guess what’s in the gourd;
3. 葫蘆 hur-lur (hur-’lu), n., hence 悶葫蘆 a puzzling matter;
4. 葫蘆 hur-lur (hur-’lu), n., 葫蘆兒 embroidered bag of spices worn by children on 5th lunar month for warding off infectious influence;
5. 葫蘆 hur-lur (hur-’lu), n., 冰糖胡蘆兒 sugar-coated crab apple.
6. 葫蒜 hur-suahn, n., garlic and leeks (also wr. 胡蒜).
7. 葫荽 hur-suei, n., coriander (also wr. 胡荽).

蒱 Num. Index: 20A.42-1 pur .

N. 摴蒱 kind of dice gambling.

藕 Num. Index: 20A.42-1 oou .

N. Arrowroot, bulbous root of the lotus: 藕斷絲連 a section of arrowroot is separated, but the clinging fibre remains－of lovers separated by force but their love lingers on;
relations that cannot be entirely severed.

Words 1. 藕棒兒 oou-bahng-’l, n., rootstock of lotus, oft. fig. of woman’s or child’s white arms.
2. 藕粉 oou-feen, n., arrowroot.
3. 藕覆 oou-fuh, n., formerly, ankle cover for woman with bound foot.
4. 藕合 oou-’her, adj., purplish-blue (color).
5. 藕荷 oou-her, adj., ditto.
6. 藕花 oou-hua, n., lotus flower.
7. 藕灰 oou-huei, adj., greyish lilac (color).
8. 藕節（兒）（子） oou-jier (oou-jier-’l) (tz), n., root fibres between joints of arrowroot, used in Chin. med.
9. 藕零兒 oou-lirng-’l, n., preserved slices of sugar-treated arrowroot.
10. 藕色 oou-seh, adj., pale pink color.
11. 藕絲 oou-sy, n., fibres of lotus root or lotus flower stem;
12. 藕絲 oou-sy, n., its color, pale lilac.

苒 Num. Index: 20A.42-2 raan .

Words 1. 苒苒 rarn-raan, adj., (of grasses) luxuriant, lush.
2. 苒荏 rarn-reen, adj., (of time) passing imperceptible (also 荏苒).
3. 苒弱 raan-ruoh, adj., (of flowers) drooping.

薷 Num. Index: 20A.42-3 rur .

N. (Bot.) (＝木耳 the Jew’s ear, Auricularia Auricula-Judae).

萌 Num. Index: 20A.42-4 merng .

V.i. & n. To bud, to sprout;
buds, sprouts;
(fig.) put forth new life, revive: 故態復萌 old habits come back again;
(LL) germinate (thoughts, plans): 萌動，萌生.

Words 1. 萌兆 merng-jauh, n., first signs of.
2. 萌黎 merng-lir, n., (AC) ＝氓黎, the common people.
3. 萌芽 merng-yar, n. & v.i., sprout, to sprout (lit. & fig.): 萌芽時代 early beginnings, early period.

萬 Num. Index: 20A.42-4 wahn .

N. & adj. Ten thousand, used as a unit of counting: 百萬 million;
千萬 ten million;
萬萬 or 億 hundred million;
十萬萬 billion;
萬倍 ten thousand fold;
萬把 about ten thousand;
used in sense of “all,” “myriads”:萬般，萬象 wahn-ban, wahn-shiahng↓;
萬民，萬人 wahn-mirn, wahn-rern↓;
萬邦，萬國 wahn-bang, wahn-guor↓;
萬能 wahn-nerng↓;
萬目睽睽 all eyes centered on (s.t.);
萬眾一心 all united in one purpose;
萬眾燈火 a myriad lights in the valley;
萬劫不復 doomed eternally;
萬籟俱寂 all sounds of nature stopped－complete silence of the night.

Adv. Completely, a thousand times, under all circumstances: 萬難，萬全 wahn-narn, wahn-chyuarn↓;
萬幸 wahn-shihng¹;
oft. coupled with negative: 千萬別忘記 under no circumstances forget;
萬無此理 certainly cannot be true;
萬不能 positively cannot;
萬不肯 positively unwilling;
萬不及 far inferior to;
萬勿推辭 please do not say “no”;
萬不可說 should under no circumstances tell;
萬無一失 cannot fail under any circumstances;
萬一，萬萬 wahn-yi, wahn-wahn↓.

Words 1. 萬安 wahn-an, (1) phr., (MC) do not worry: 你萬安，沒的事 don’t worry, it is not true;
2. 萬安 wahn-an, (2) see wahn-chyuarn↓.
3. 萬把 wahn-’ba, adj., about ten thousand.
4. 萬般 wahn-ban, (1) n., all, all kinds, all classes;
5. 萬般 wahn-ban, (2) adv., extremely, to the last degree: 萬般無奈 absolutely bored.
6. 萬邦 wahn-bang, phr., all nations.
7. 萬千 wahn-chian, adj., numberless, thousands and tens of thousands;
8. 萬千 wahn-chian, adj., 萬紫千紅 innumerable flowers of purple and red.
9. 萬全 wahn-chyuarn, adj., completely safe (plan).
10. 萬端 wahn-duan, n., innumerable (affairs, ways, manners).
11. 萬方 wahn-fang, adv., (1) by all sorts of methods (try to please, etc.);
12. 萬方 wahn-fang, adv., (2) in all countries (unsettled, etc.);
13. 萬方 wahn-fang, adv., (3) incomparably: 儀態萬方 distinguished air of elegance and coquetry.
14. 萬分 wahn-fen, adv., a thousand times (regret, ashamed), completely (satisfied).
15. 萬福 wahn-fur, phr., (1) wishing you all happiness－a formula like “good luck”;
16. 萬福 wahn-fur, phr., (2) 道萬福 formerly, a form of greeting by women, hands holding to sides of jacket.
17. 萬貫 wahn-guahn, n., formerly, ten million cash (貫 a string of 1,000 cash);
18. 萬貫 wahn-guahn, n., 萬貫家私 a millionaire.
19. 萬國 wahn-guor, adj., international: 萬國博覽會 international exposition;
20. 萬國 wahn-guor, adj., 萬國公法 international law (now usu. 國際);
21. 萬國 wahn-guor, adj., 萬國郵政聯盟 Universal Postal Union (UPU).
22. 萬古 wahn-guu, adv., eternally: 萬古常新 eternally new;
23. 萬古 wahn-guu, adv., 萬古流芳 will be remembered throughout the ages.
24. 萬花茼 wahn-hua-tuung, n., kaleidoscope.
25. 萬化 wahn-huah, n., (LL) all creation.
26. 萬彙 wahn-hueih, n., all categories;
27. 萬彙 wahn-hueih, n., see wahn-leih↓.
28. 萬機（幾） wahn-ji, n., myriad affairs of the state attended to by the ruler (also wr. 萬幾).
29. 萬劫 wahn-jier, n., (Budd.) all ages, eternity (劫 Sanskr. kalpa, an aeon).
30. 萬急 wahn-jir, adj., most urgent (telegram, etc.).
31. 萬狀 wahn-juahng, n., all kinds, shapes, manners;
32. 萬狀 wahn-juahng, as adv., 危急萬狀 extremely critical.
33. 萬鈞 wahn-jyun, n., a superhuman load (a weight of 300,000 catties).
34. 萬類 wahn-leih, n., all categories;
35. 萬類 wahn-leih, esp. birds and beasts of the creation.
36. 萬里長城 Wahn-li-charng-cherng, n., the Great Wall.
37. 萬里侯 wahn-lii-hour, n., (AC) governor of a great territory.
38. 萬民 wahn-mirn, n., the common people;
39. 萬民 wahn-mirn, n., 萬民傘 a souvenir parasol given to departing magistrate, with inscribed silk strips.
40. 萬難 wahn-narn, adj., extremely difficult (to deal with);
41. 萬難 wahn-narn, adj., certainly cannot (consent, follow, etc.).
42. 萬能 wahn-nerng, adj., all-powerful: 科學萬能 science can do anything.
43. 萬年 wahn-niarn, n., ten thousand years, also (AC) “Long live”;
44. 萬年 wahn-niarn, n., see wahn-sueih↓;
45. 萬年 wahn-niarn, n., 萬年青 (bot.) a tough evergreen which requires very little attention, Rhodea japonica;
46. 萬年 wahn-niarn, n., 萬年曆 calendar good for any future year.
47. 萬人 wahn-rern, n., a myriad people;
48. 萬人 wahn-rern, n., 萬人坑 mass grave;
49. 萬人 wahn-rern, n., 萬人敵 warrior who could fight his way out and take on any challenger.
50. 萬乘 wahn-shehng, n., as in 萬乘之主（之尊） an emperor (of “ten thousand chariots”).
51. 萬象 wahn-shiahng, n., all things of the universe.
52. 萬幸 wahn-shihng¹, adj., unusually lucky.
53. 萬姓 wahn-shihng², n., all the people, (“myriad clans”).
54. 萬壽 wahn-shouh, n., as in 萬壽無疆 “long live for ever”－a form of greeting for birthdays;
55. 萬壽 wahn-shouh, n., 萬壽菊 (bot.) Tagetes erecta.
56. 萬事通 wahn-shyh-tung, n., jack of all trades, expert at none.
57. 萬歲 wahn-sueih, n., (1) “Long live”(Japanese “banzai”);
58. 萬歲 wahn-sueih, n., 萬歲 or 萬歲爺 (court. address) “His Majesty.”
59. 萬萬 wahn-wahn, adv., absolutely (not to forget, etc.);
60. 萬萬 wahn-wahn, adv., with negative: 萬萬不可 positively do not.
61. 萬勿 wahn-wuh¹, phr., positively do not (lose it!).
62. 萬物 wahn-wuh², n., the creation, all living things.
63. 萬無 wahn-wur, phr., positively, absolutely no: 萬無一失 not a chance of an error.
64. 萬一 wahn-yi, (1) adv., just in case (“one in ten thousand”): 萬一他不來 just in case he does not come;
65. 萬一 wahn-yi, (2) n., contingency: 準備萬一 provide for such an eventuality.
66. 萬應藥 wahn-yihng-yauh, n., panacea.
67. 萬有 wahn-yoou, adj., all-comprehending, universal: 萬有引力 universal gravitation;
68. 萬有 wahn-yoou, adj., 萬有皆靈說 animism.

茼 Num. Index: 20A.42-4 turng .

Words 1. 茼蒿 turng-hau, n., the (edible) garland chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum coronarium.

萵 Num. Index: 20A.42-4 wo .

Words 1. 萵苣 wo-jyuh, n., lettuce.
2. 萵𢏐 wo-suun, n., a kind of vegetable, related to lettuce, eaten raw or cooked.

繭 Num. Index: 20A.42-4 jiaan .

N. (1) The cocoon of the silkworm or other insects: 繭綢 pongee of wild silk;
作繭自縛 do s.t. which, unintentionally, results in restricting one’s own freedom of action (“make a cocoon to shut oneself in”).
(2) (Interch. 趼) blisters and calluses on the feet: 重繭，老繭 calloused skin on the feet.

蒿 Num. Index: 20A.42-6 hau .

N. Different varieties of artemisia, including wormwood: 蒿目時艱 phr., (AC) to survey the world with concern, to look with anxiety at the world’s ills.

Words 1. 蒿里 Hau-lii, n., orig. a town near Taishan;
2. 蒿里 hau-lii, n., (allu.) where departed souls are said to return to.

蒲 Num. Index: 20A.42-6 pur .

N. (1) Kinds of rush: 蒲席 rush mat;
蒲墊 rush cushion;
蒲輪 (MC) wheel wrapped with rush for comfort;
蒲柳之姿 (of female sex) frail beauty;
香蒲 Typha japonica, a water plant used for pungent aroma;
see also 菖^蒲 20A.41;
short for 蒲葵 pur-kueir↓, a kind of palm.
(2) Name of place.
(3) A surname.

Words 1. 蒲包 pur-bau, n., generally used for wallet, pocket book;
2. 蒲包 pur-bau, n., anciently, package of scented herbs or package of gifts wrapped in 蒲 palm leaves.
3. 蒲鞭 pur-bian, n., whip made of palm stem, used for mild punishment.
4. 蒲伏 pur-fur, v.i., var. of 匍^伏 92.50, crawl.
5. 蒲公英 pur-gung-ying, a garden grass with small yellow flowers.
6. 蒲劍 pur-jiahn, n., a sword-shaped bag of aromatic herbs hung on doorposts on Dragon Boat Festival for warding off insects (and “evil spirits”).
7. 蒲節 pur-jier, n., the fifth day of fifth lunar month, Dragon Doat Festival.
8. 蒲葵 pur-kueir, n., a kind of palm, whose leaves are used for making fans.
9. 蒲扇（兒） pur-shahn (pur-shah-’l), n., palm leaf fan, made from pur-kueir↑.
10. 蒲團 pur-tuarn, n., rush prayermat.
11. 蒲月 pur-yueh, n., the fifth month of lunar calendar.

萹 Num. Index: 20A.42-6 pian . [Common var. in fast script of 篇]

Words 1. 萹蓄 pian-shyuh, n., (bot.) Polygonum aviculare, a flowering plant used as herb (also called 萹竹).

芮 Num. Index: 20A.42-8 rueih .

N. (1) Name of an anc. principality.
(2) The edge of a body of water.
(3) Thongs of a shield.
(4) A surname.

Adj. Small, tiny.

Words 1. 芮稻 rueih-dauh, n., a rice variety which ripens in late autumn.
2. 芮芮 rueih-rueih, adj., (AC) (of grass blades) slender.

蒴 Num. Index: 20A.42-8 shuoh .

N. (Bot.) a capsule of seeds.

Words 1. 蒴藋 shuoh-diauh, n., (bot.) the Chin. elder (also called 接骨草);
2. 蒴藋 shuoh-diauh, n., 木蒴藋 the red elderberry.

蕎 Num. Index: 20A.42-9 chiaur .

N. Buckwheat;
see 蕎麥 chiaur-maih↓.

Words 1. 蕎巴 chiaur-ba, n., buckwheat cake.
2. 蕎麥 chiaur-maih (chiaur-’mai), buckwheat;
3. 蕎麥 chiaur-maih (chiaur-’mai), 蕎麥湐 buckwheat flour.

□ Num. Index: 20A.42-9 biaan . [Var. of 扁 63D.42]

蒨 Num. Index: 20A.42-9 chiahn .

N. & adj. Var. of 茜 20A.41

Words 1. 蒨蒨 chiahn-chiahn, adj., (AC) (1) bright-cololred;
2. 蒨蒨 chiahn-chiahn, adj., (2) with beautiful smile;
3. 蒨蒨 chiahn-chiahn, adj., (3) lush (vegetation).

蓨 Num. Index: 20A.42-9 shiou .

Words 1. 蓨酸 shiou-suan, n., (chem.) oxalic acid (＝草酸).

葧 Num. Index: 20A.50-1 bor .

N. A plant of rush family, Artemisia stelleriana, of the rush family (also u. f. 孛 10.00, and 勃 10S.50).

蔫 Num. Index: 20A.50-3 nian .

Adj. (1) (Of flowers and grass) faded, withered: 太陽把花都晒蔫了 the flowers have become withered under the scorching sun.
(2) (Of person) despondent, depressed.

Adv. Silently, quietly, stealthily: 蔫蔫兒的，蔫不咭兒 silently, quietly;
蔫溜兒 escape stealthily;
蔫出溜兒的 get away stealthily.

Words 1. 蔫甘 nian-’gan, adj., good-natured and gentle.
2. 蔫拱兒 nian-guung-’l, v.t., instigate or incite secretly.
3. 蔫土匪 nian-tu-feei, n., sly hypocrite, honest-faced crook (also 蔫頭匪類).

萼 Num. Index: 20A.50-4 eh . [Var. □]

N. Calyx of flower: 花萼.

葛 Num. Index: 20A.50-4 ger .

N. (1) (Bot.) the ke hemp, Pueraria Thunbergiana: 葛布 a coarse, yellowish hemp cloth;
葛巾 a kerchief made of such cloth;
葛衣 a dress made of such cloth;
葛籐 creepers, tendrils, (fig.) complications, difficulties;
瓜葛 creeping vines, (fig.) complicated relations;
糾葛 quarrels, disputer.
(2) A surname.

驀 Num. Index: 20A.50-4 moh .

V.t. (AC) to mount a horse.

Adj. (AC) Atop.

Adv. Suddenly, see 驀然，驀地 moh-rarn, moh-dih↓.

Words 1. 驀然，驀地 moh-rarn, moh-dih, adv., (MC) suddenly.

苺 Num. Index: 20A.50-4 meir . [Var. of 莓, 20A.50↓]

募 Num. Index: 20A.50-4 muh .

V.t. Enlist (soldiers): 募兵，招募 try to enlist soldiers;
募捐 raise (funds);
募役 enlist labor, or military force.

Words 1. 募化 muh-huah, v.i., collect contributions for monastery (also 化緣).
2. 募捐 muh-jyuan, v.i., raise (funds).
3. 募緣 muh-yuarn, v.i., see muh-huah↑.

芎 Num. Index: 20A.50-5 chyung (also chyurng ).

Words 1. 芎藭 chyung-chyurng, n., a Chin. herb, Conioselinum univitatum.

蒻 Num. Index: 20A.50-5 ruoh .

N. A water plant.

芳 Num. Index: 20A.50-6 fang .

N. Perfume, good name: 流芳百世 leave a good name for posterity.

Adj. (1) Perfumed: 芳味，芳香 fragrance;
see 芳草，芳蘭 fang-tsaau, fang-larn↓;
芳辰 beautiful day, morning.
(2) In court. phrr., more nearly akin to Eng. “elegant,” “esteemed”: 芳儀，芳範 your esteemed presence;
芳翰，芳札 your esteemed letter;
芳蹤 your whereabouts.
(3) (Court. & litr.) reference to things connected with ladies: 芳名 your (her) name;
芳齡 your (her) age;
芳心已碎 lady’s heart is broken;
得親芳澤 be admitted to lady’s intimate presence, bodily contact;
芳卿 elegant address to ladies (very litr.).

Words 1. 芳菲 fang-fei, adj., (LL) fragrant.
2. 芳馥 fang-fuh, adj., ditto.
3. 芳華 fang-huar, adj. & n., young, blooming years.
4. 芳蘭 fang-larn, phr., fragrant orchid, symbolic of gentleman’s beautiful character.
5. 芳香 fang-shiang, adj., & n., fragrant, -ce.
6. 芳草 fang-tsaau, n., scented flowers, (LL) symbol of righteous gentlemen.

蒡 Num. Index: 20A.50-6 bahng .

N. See 牛^蒡 10.10.

蒟 Num. Index: 20A.50-6 jyuu .

N. (1) 蒟蒻 (bot.) the elephant’s foot, Amorphaphalus konjac.
(2) 蒟醬 the betel pepper.

藹 Num. Index: 20A.50-6 aai .

Adj. (1) Luxuriant.
(2) Gentle, easy to approach.

Words 1. 藹藹 air-aai, adj., (LL) luxuriant (forest), numerous (guests).
2. 藹甘 aai-’gan, adj., sweet and pleasant in manner of speech.
3. 藹和 aai-’he, adj., gentle, amiable.
4. 藹然 aai-rarn, adj., ditto.

薦 Num. Index: 20A.50-6 jiahn .

N. (1) Feed, fodder.
(2) A straw mattress.
(3) Food and wine offered as sacrifice: 薦羞 jiahn-shiou↓.

V.t. (1) To sacrifice to the gods: 薦酒 jiahn-jioou↓.
(2) Recommend for service: 薦𡈼 jiahn-jyuu, 薦拔 jiahn-bar↓;
薦賢 recommend good and able men;
𡈼薦 nominate for appointment;
推薦 recommend for employment;
自薦 recommend oneself.

Adv. Repeatedly＝饑饉薦 (or 荐) 臻 famine came repeatedly.

Words 1. 薦拔 jiahn-bar, v.t., select and recommend for official preferment.
2. 薦骨 jiahn-guu, n., (physiol.) the sacrum, sacral vertebrae.
3. 薦章 jiahn-jang, n., a memorial to the throne recommending s.o. for official preferment.
4. 薦枕席 jiahn-jeen-shir, phr., (of woman) to sleep with, become a wife or concubine to (a man).
5. 薦酒 jiahn-jioou, v.i., to offer wine to the gods or departed ancestors.
6. 薦擢 jiahn-juor, v.t., recommend for official service.
7. 薦主 jiahn-juu, n., an employment agent.
8. 薦居 jiahn-jyu, v.i., (of pastoral people) migrate from place to place in search of water and grass.
9. 薦𡈼 jiahn-jyuu, v.t., recommend for promotion.
10. 薦派 jiahn-paih, v.t., recommend for employment.
11. 薦任 jiahn-rehn, v.t., (of low-ranking officials) be appointed upon recommendation by a minister.
12. 薦新 jiahn-shin, (1) n., a seasonal sacrifice in which new products of the earth are offered to the gods or departed ancestors;
13. 薦新 jiahn-shin, (2) v.i., make such sacrifice.
14. 薦羞 jiahn-shiou, n., offer of food and wine to the gods or departed ancestors.
15. 薦頭 jiahn-tour, n., an employment agent: 薦頭行 an employment agency.
16. 薦引 jiahn-yiin, v.t., see jiahn-jyuu↑.

藭 Num. Index: 20A.50-6 chyurng .

N. See 芎^藭 20A.50.

蕩 Num. Index: 20A.50-6 dahng .

V.i. & t. (1) To waft, drift over water: 蕩船 to drift or sit in rowboat;
蕩漾 dahng-yahng↓;
hence be agitated: 震蕩，搖蕩;
be shaky: 心蕩，蕩氣𣊊腸 agitated in mind;
drift away;
蕩析，蕩產 whittle away family fortune, become bankrupt;
蕩沒 be submerged.
(2) To wash away: 蕩滌.
(3) Subdue, quell rebellion: 掃蕩，蕩平，蕩寇 suppress rebels.

Adj. (1) (AC) great, vast, plain: 蕩蕩 dahng-dahng↓.
(2) Dissolute, licentious: 蕩檢踰閑 licentious in conduct;
蕩子，蕩婦 dahng-tzyy, dahng-fuh↓.

Words 1. 蕩產 dahng-chaan, v.i., become bankrupt.
2. 蕩蕩 dahng-dahng, adj., (AC) vast, great, straight: 君子坦蕩蕩 a gentleman is calm and poised;
3. 蕩蕩 dahng-dahng, adj., 蕩蕩悠悠 drift along.
4. 蕩滌 dahng-dir, v.t., cleanse, wash away.
5. 蕩婦 dahng-fuh, n., dissolute woman.
6. 蕩平 dahng-pirng, v.t., quell (rebellion).
7. 蕩然 dahng-rarn, adj., as in 蕩然無存 all gone, dissipated.
8. 蕩析 dahng-shi, v.i., become separated (of family, friends).
9. 蕩子 dahng-tzyy, n., vagabond, a drifter.
10. 蕩漾 dahng-yahng, v.i., drift along;
11. 蕩漾 dahng-yahng, v.i., be agitated.

□ Num. Index: 20A.50-6 laur , lauh . [Abbr. of 勞 91.50]

芬 Num. Index: 20A.50-8 fen . [Cogn. 芳; var. of 紛 93B.50.]

Adj. (LL) fragrant, of delicate aroma.

Words 1. 芬芳 fen-fang, adj., fragrant.
2. 芬菲 fen-fei, adj., (flowers) of beautiful scent.
3. 芬芬 fen-fen, adj., fragrant, scented: confusingly abundant.
4. 芬馥 fen-fuh, adj., scented, rich in fragrance.
5. 芬華 fen-huar, adj., blooming, beautiful.
6. 芬郁 fen-yuh, adj., richly scented.

蓊 Num. Index: 20A.50-8 weeng .

Adj. Thick, fast-growing (vegetation).

莠 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 yoou (also youh ).

N. Weeds, tares;
(fig.) the undesirable elements: 良莠不齊 (of a group) uneven, some good and some bad.

荔 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 lih .

Words 1. 荔枝 lih-jy (lih-’jy), n., (bot.) Litchi, a subtropical fruit of South China.

□ Num. Index: 20A.50-9 su . [Abbr. of 蘇 20A.01]

蔦 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 niaau .

Words 1. 蔦蘿 niaau-luor, (1) n., (bot.) Quamoclit vulgaris;
2. 蔦蘿 niaau-luor, (2) n., 蔦與女蘿 Ribes ambiguum and Usnea plicata;
3. 蔦蘿 niaau-luor, (fig.) brothers, sisters, and other relatives interrelated and dependent upon one another.

蘤 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 huar . [Arch. of 花 20A.70]

莓 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 meir .

N. 草莓 (tsaau-meir) strawberry, blackberry, etc.

Words 1. 莓苔 meir-tair, n., moss, lichen.

芍 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 shaur (re. pr. shuoh )

N. 芍藥 shaur-yauh (also shaur-’yau), re. pr. shuoh-yueh, a flower plant whose flower resembles the peony （牡丹）in color and size, Paeonia albiflora.

苟 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 goou .

N. A surname.

Adj. Negligent, frivolous, careless, heedless: 苟且 goou-chiee↓;
一絲不苟 meticulously attentive;
不苟言笑 discreet in speech and manner.

Adv. (1) Just, merely, barely: 苟全性命 barely manage to survive, remain alive;
苟延殘喘 just manage, to remain alive for a little while to prolong one’s feeble existence, to eke out a meagre life.
(2) Indiscriminately: 苟且，苟得，苟取 goou-chiee, goou-der, goou-chyuu↓.

Conj. If, if indeed: 苟非其人 if it’s not the right man;
苟能如此 if it could be so;
苟志於仁矣 (AC) if indeed one is set on the pursuit of manhood;
苟不然 if it is not so;
苟非 if it were not that…, unless there be.

Words 1. 苟安 goou-an, v.i., (＝苟且偷安) live in a fool’s paradise, seek temporary peace.
2. 苟且 gour-chiee, adj., (1) negligent, careless ( in work);
3. 苟且 gour-chiee, adj., (2) disregarding principles, temporizing: 苟且偷生 live on just for sake of remaining alive 苟且偷安 see goou-an↑;
4. 苟且 gour-chiee, adj., (3) lax in morals, see goou-her↓.
5. 苟取 gour-chyuu, adj., unscrupulous in accepting gifts, benefits.
6. 苟得 goou-der, n., illicit gains: 臨財勿苛得 be careful where the money comes from.
7. 苟合 goou-her, v.i., (1) to ally oneself for the sake of convenience;
8. 苟合 goou-her, v.i., (2) have illicit sexual relations.
9. 苟活 goou-huor, v.i., just to remain alive at the sacrifice of principles or honor.
10. 苟□ gour-jiaan, adj., slipshod.
11. 苟免 gour-miaan, v.t., evade: 臨難勿苟免 do not compromise when confronted with personal danger.
12. 苟存 goou-tsurn, v.i., just manage to live an animal existence.
13. 苟同 goou-turng, v.i., agree for agreement’s sake: 不敢苟同 dare not agree with you in such a serious matter.

荀 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 shyurn .

N. A surname.

萄 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 taur .

N. See 葡^萄 20A.50↓.

菊 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 jyur .

N. The chrysanthemum.

葡 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 pur .

Words 1. 葡萄 pur-taur (also pur-’tau), n., grapes;
2. 葡萄 pur-taur (also pur-’tau), n., 葡萄乾 raisin;
3. 葡萄 pur-taur (also pur-’tau), n., 葡萄酒 port wine;
4. 葡萄 pur-taur (also pur-’tau), n., 葡萄糖 glucose.
5. 葡萄牙 Pur-taur-yar, n., Portugal.

蔔 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 bor .

N. See 蘿^蔔 20A.11.

葯 Num. Index: 20A.50-9 yauh (also yueh ). [Pop. of 藥 medicine, 20A.01]

□ Num. Index: 20A.52-6 lur . [Abbr. of 蘆 20A.30]

爇 Num. Index: 20A.63-1 ruoh (also reh )>

V.t. Set fire to, burn.

蘸 Num. Index: 20A.63-3 jahn . [Related 沾 63A.40; dist. 醮 31C.63]

V.t. To dip s.t. in liquid.

蒸 Num. Index: 20A.63-3 jeng .

N. (1) (AC) 以薪以蒸 with firewood and kindling.
(2) U.f. 烝 (AC) winter sacrifice.

V.t. To steam (rice, bread, chicken, etc.).

Adj. U.f. 烝 many (people).

Words 1. 蒸汽（氣） jeng-chih, n., steam, vapor.
2. 蒸發 jeng-fa, v.i. & t., evaporate, ferment with heat.
3. 蒸蒸 jeng-jeng, adv., as in 蒸蒸日上 (of developing industry, scholarship) make rapid progress.
4. 蒸餾 jeng-liouh v.t., to distil;
5. 蒸餾 jeng-liouh v.t., 蒸餾水 distilled water.
6. 蒸籠 jeng-luung (or lurng), n., a bamboo case used for steaming food;
7. 蒸籠 jeng-luung (or lurng), n., double-boiler.
8. 蒸民 jeng-mirn, n., (AC) the common people.
9. 蒸溽 jeng-ruh, adj., humid and hot (summer days).
10. 蒸庶 jeng-shuh, n., see jeng-mirn↑.
11. 蒸暑 jeng-shuu, n., steaming hot summer.
12. 蒸食 jeng-shyr, n., steamed food (rolls, 包子 etc.).
13. 蒸騰 jeng-terng, v.i., (of vapor) go up.
14. 蒸鬱 jeng-yuh, adj., damp, soggy, muggy.

菸 Num. Index: 20A.63-3 yan . [Var. of 孼 91D.41 in 菸艸，菸葉]

蔗 Num. Index: 20A.63-6 jeh .

N. Sugar cane: 甘蔗 ditto;
蔗汁 sugar cane juice;
蔗糖 cane sugar;
蔗酒 wine made from fermented sugar cane juice.

芩 Num. Index: 20A.63-8 lirng . [Usu. wr. 苓]

Words 1. 芩耳 lirng-eel, n., (bot.) the cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium (also called 卷耳).

薰 Num. Index: 20A.63-9 shyun . [More commonly used than var. 熏 90.63]

N. An aromatic plant.

V.t. To smoke(d) (fish, meat);
(fig.) to exert slow, transforming influence, like processing of curing meat: 薰陶，薰染 shyun-taur, shyun-raan↓;
利慾薰心 mind overcome by greed.

Adj. Mild: 薰風 gentle warm breeze, shyun-feng↓.

Words 1. 薰風 shyun-feng, n., (AC) influence of benign government.
2. 薰腐 shyun-fuu, n., punishment by castration, see 腐^刑 61.42.
3. 薰蒸 shyun-jeng, v.t., to steam (food) with special flavors.
4. 薰沐 shyun-muh, v.i., to take bath and burn incense in preparation of solemn prayer.
5. 薰染 shyun-raan, v.t., to stain, to color;
6. 薰染 shyun-raan, v.t., (fig.) to form habits or influence character by environment or example: 為風俗所薰染.
7. 薰陶 shyun-taur, v.t., to transform character by daily example, like the slow influence of curing meat.
8. 薰草 shyun-tsaau, n., (bot.) an aromatic grass, Coumarouna odorata (common name: 佩蘭).

蕉 Num. Index: 20A.63-9 jiau .

N. (1) The banana: 芭蕉，香蕉 bananas.
(2) Untreated hemp.
(3) The plantain.

Words 1. 蕉布 jiau-buh, n., linen made from the fibers of hemp.
2. 蕉葛 jiau-ger, n., linen made from the fibers of the plantain.
3. 蕉扇 jiau-shahn, n., a palm leaf fan.
4. 蕉葉 jiau-yeh, n., (1) plantain leaves;
5. 蕉葉 jiau-yeh, n., (2) a shallow wineglass.

蕪 Num. Index: 20A.63-9 wur .

Adj. Gone to seed, shabby: 荒蕪 ditto, unattended to;
蕪穢，蕪雜 wur-hueih, wur-tzar↓.

Words 1. 蕪穢 wur-hueih, adj., (garden) unattended to, gone to seed.
2. 蕪菁 wur-jing, n., a vegetable with bulbous root like turnip, Brassica campestris.
3. 蕪雜 wur-tzar, adj., untidy, uncultivated (garden), good and bad mixed together.

菢 Num. Index: 20A.70-1 bauh .

V.i. (AC) (of bird) sit on eggs.

蕘 Num. Index: 20A.70-1 raur .

N. (1) Firewood: 芻蕘 a woodcutter.
(2) 蕘花 (bot.) Wisktroemia japonica.
(3) (Bot.) the bird rape or rape turnip, Brassica campestris.

菴 Num. Index: 20A.70-1 an . [Var. of 庵 61.70]

芫 Num. Index: 20A.70-3 yuarn .

N. (Bot.) Daphne genkwa, a flowering plant poisonous to fish.

Words 1. 芫青 yuarn-ching, n., (zoo.) Lytta vesicatoria, a beetle－dried and used as med.
2. 芫花 yuarn-hua, n., see N. ↑.
3. 芫荽 yuarn-suei (yuarn-’suei), n., coriander, a spice (also called 胡荽，香菜).

蔬 Num. Index: 20A.70-3 shu (also su ).

N. Vegetable(s): 菜蔬 ditto;
蔬菜 shu-tsaih↓;
蔬飯，蔬食 shu-fahn, shu-shyr↓;
蔬糲 shu-lih↓;
蔬果 vegetable and fruit.

Words 1. 蔬飯 shu-fahn, n., see shu-tsaih↓.
2. 蔬糲 shu-lih, n., coarse rice and vegetable for meal.
3. 蔬食 shu-shyr, n., meal with vegetable, but no meat.
4. 蔬菜 shu-tsaih, n., vegetables.

莧 Num. Index: 20A.70-4 shiahn .

N. (Bot.) the amaranth (red, white, purple, etc.), a vegetable;
馬齒莧 purslane.

甍 Num. Index: 20A.70-4 merng .

N. Rafters under the roof: 甍棟 rafters and beams.

薨 Num. Index: 20A.70-4 hung .

V.i. (AC) to die (usu. only of the feudal princes).

Adj. 薨薨 buzzing sound of flies, etc.

芃 Num. Index: 20A.70-4 perng .

Words 1. 芃芃 perng-perng, adj., luxuriant (of grass), (AC var. of 蓬蓬).

菟 Num. Index: 20A.70-5 tuh . [Var. 兔]

N. (Bot.) dodder.

Words 1. 菟裘 tuh-chiour, n., (AC) name of town;
2. 菟裘 tuh-chiour, n., allu. serves as reference to place of retirement from office.
3. 菟葵 tuh-kueir, n., (1) (bot.) the winter aconite;
4. 菟葵 tuh-kueir, n., (2) (zoo.) the sea anemone.
5. 菟絲子 tuh-sy(tz), n., (bot.) dodder, Cuscuta japonica.

𢞴 Num. Index: 20A.70-5 chii .

Words 1. 𢞴實 chii-shyr, n., (chin. med.), Job’s-tears, Coix lacryma.
2. 𢞴菜 chii-tsaih, n., (Chin, med.) Rehmannia lutea (＝地黃).

芭 Num. Index: 20A.70-5 ba .

N. A fragrant plant;
rush.

Words 1. 芭蕉 ba-jiau, n., banana;
2. 芭蕉 ba-jiau, n., 芭焦布 colth made of banana fibres;
3. 芭蕉 ba-jiau, n., 芭蕉扇，芭焦葉（兒） palm leaf fan, cf. 蒲^葵 20A.42.
4. 芭蕾舞 ba-leir-wuu, n., ballet;
5. 芭蕾舞 ba-leir-wuu, n., 芭蕾女角 ballerina.
6. 芭籬 ba-lir, n., (var. 芭籬，芭䴐，芭黎) hedgerow of underbrush or bamboo, also 籬笆.
7. 芭芒 ba-marng, n., plantain, used in hedges.
8. 芭茅 ba-maur, n., see ba-marng↑.
9. 芭棚 ba-perng, n., mat shed.

荒 Num. Index: 20A.70-6 huang .

N. A desert, wasteland: 八荒 the border lands;
開荒，拓荒 open up primitive place;
大荒 a big wasteland;
荒地，荒野 huang-dih, huang-yee↓.

V.t. To abandon, neglect (one’s garden): 荒廢學業 neglect one’s studies.

Adj. (1) Lean, famine (year): 荒年 huang-niarn↓.
(2) Fantastic, absurd: 荒誕，荒謬，荒唐 huang-dahn, huang-miouh, huang-tarng↓.

Words 1. 荒誕 huang-dahn, adj., fantastic, unbelievable, absurd (idea, theory): 荒誕不經 ditto.
2. 荒地 huang-dih, n., a wasteland.
3. 荒廢 huang-feih, adj., neglected (estate, garden, studies).
4. 荒郊 huang-jiau, n., wild countryside.
5. 荒涼 huang-liarng (huang-’liang), adj., desolate.
6. 荒謬 huang-miouh, adj., absurd (statement) (also pr. huang-’niouh): 荒謬絕倫 absolutely preposterous.
7. 荒年 huang-niarn, n., a famine year.
8. 荒僻 huang-pih, adj., deserted, out-of-the-way (district).
9. 荒疏 huang-shu, adj., neglected.
10. 荒唐 huang-tarng, adj., (1) grossly exaggerated;
11. 荒唐 huang-tarng, adj., (2) licentious, on a spree.
12. 荒蕪 huang-wur, adj., overgrown with underbrush.
13. 荒野 huang-yee, n., a deserted or wild countryside.
14. 荒淫 huang-yirn, adj., given to sexual pleasures.

蘢 Num. Index: 20A.70-6 lurng .

Words 1. 蘢𧩓 lurng-tsung, adj., (of wood) luxuriant and green.

莞 Num. Index: 20A.70-6 waan (*guan , *wan ).

N. (1) (*guan) (Bot.) a long-stemmed water grass, Scirpus lacustris.
(2) U.f. 碗 the garden pea.
(3) (*guan) A surname.

Adv. 莞爾而笑 give a soft smile.

蔻 Num. Index: 20A.70-6 kouh .

N. 豆蔻（荳蔻）cardamon, see 蔻仁 kouh-rern↓;
豆蔻年華 an adolescent girl, sweet sixteen.

Words 1. 蔻丹 kouh-dan, n., nail polish.
2. 蔻仁 kouh-rern, n., nutmeg, cardamon seeds.

范 Num. Index: 20A.70-6 fahn .

N. A surname (sometimes u.f. 範 92A.70).

芼 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 mauh .

N. (AC) a vegetable: 芼羹 a vegetable soup.

V.t. (AC) to pick (flower, vegetable).

藐 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 miaau . [Cogn. 渺]

V.t. Disregard, ignore, look down upon: 藐法 disregard the law;
藐之 to slight a person.

Adj. Very small;
small and distant, cf. 眇 41B.91;
渺 63A.91.

Words 1. 藐忽 miaau-hu, v.t., disregard.
2. 藐小 miaur-shiaau, adj., very small.
3. 藐視 miaau-shyh, v.t., look down upon (person);
4. 藐視 miaau-shyh, v.t., disregard (laws, regulations).

花 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 hua .

N. (1) Flower: 鮮花 fresh flowers;
鳥語花香 birds’ twitter and fragrance of flowers－an idyllic scene;
花圃，花盆 hua-puu, hua-pern↓;
花店 florist;
花市 flower market;
開花 to flower, to blossom;
花容月貌，花貌，花顏 beautiful face of woman;
花朝月夕 beautiful days and nights with moon and flowers;
賞花 to see and enjoy flowers;
花木，花卉，花草 hua-muh, hua-hueih², hua-tsaau↓;
for pistils and stamens, calyx, pollen, stem, see 花鬚，花苞，花粉，花梗 hua-shyu, hua-bau, hua-feen, hua-geeng↓.
(2) Symbol of women: 花國，花界 circle of courtesans;
花國 also world of flowers;
名花有主 a famous courtesan or a socially prominent beauty is married;
野草閒花 women of easy virtue, paramours;
解語花 (allu.) a beautiful and understanding woman, (“a talking flower”);
家花那有野花香 a mistress is better than a wife;
花案兒 lawsuit concerning romance or illicit love;
花柳，花酒 hua-lioou, hua-jioou↓.
(3) Smallpox: 天花 ditto;
種花，種天花 vaccination.
(4) Bits: 𧩓花 bits of onion.
(5) A surname.

V.t. To spend: 花錢 to spend money;
花冤枉錢 waste money without results;
花不起 cannot afford to buy or spend;
花不來 the price is not right, does not pay;
花費，花消 hua-feih, hua-’shiau↓.

Adj. (1) Flowery, floral, of many colors: 花布 hua-buh¹↓;
花紙 papers with designs;
花衣服 multicolored dress;
花團錦簇 company of gorgeously dressed ladies;
花枝招展 decorated headdress;
花紅柳綠 a profusion of garden flowers or pretty ladies.
(2) Pertaining to luxury, profligate: 花花世界 world of sensual pleasures, the demimonde;
花花公子 playboy;
花和尚 profligate monk;
花天酒地 world of wine and women.
(3) Blurred, unclear: 眼睛花 dim-sighted;
頭昏眼花 dizzy;
眼花撩亂 dazzled (by sight of things).
(4) False, flowery without substance: 花帳 false accounts;
花言巧語 flowery, deceiving words.

Words 1. 花瓣兒 hua-bahn (hua-bah-’l), n., flower petals.
2. 花白 hua-bair, (1) adj., (of hair) greyish-white;
3. 花白 hua-bair, (2) v.t., (MC) to rebuke, use strong, rude language against (s.o.)
4. 花苞 hua-bau, n., (bot.) calyx.
5. 花邊 hua-bian (hua-bia-’l), n., lace, lace work;
6. 花邊 hua-bian (hua-bia-’l), n., 花邊新聞 news or miscellany of human interest;
7. 花邊 hua-bian (hua-bia-’l), n., tidbits, news in box.
8. 花布 hua-buh¹, n., printed calico.
9. 花部 hua-buh², n., (in Manchu Dyn.) department of opera and folk music except 崑曲 (which is 雅部 or “literary” opera).
10. 花茶 hua-char, n., perfumed tea, such as 香片.
11. 花車 hua-che, n., a decorated car in parade, a float.
12. 花扦兒 hua-chia-’l, n., cut flowers for vase.
13. 花鎗 hua-chiang¹, n., a short spear.
14. 花腔（兒） hua-chiang²(’l), n., (1) opera airs with long-drawn passages;
15. 花腔（兒） hua-chiang²(’l), n., (2) (mus.) coloratura.
16. 花牆（兒）（子） hua-chiarng(’l)(’tz), n., crenelated wall.
17. 花青 hua-ching, n., indigo, a painting color.
18. 花旗 hua-chir, n., the United States of America (“flowery flag”);
19. 花旗 hua-chir, n., 花旗橘子 American (“Sunkist”) oranges;
20. 花旗 hua-chir, n., 花旗鈔票 American dollar bill, greenbacks.
21. 花船 hua-chuarn, n., decorated houseboat with women entertainers.
22. 花池子 hua-chyr-tz, n., see hua-puu↓.
23. 花圈 hua-chyuan, n., a (1) wreath;
24. 花圈 hua-chyuan, n., (2) garland.
25. 花拳 hua-chyuarn, n., shadowboxing, showy boxing of no practical use.
26. 花搭幵 hua-’da-je, adj., checkered, also 花花搭搭 variegated.
27. 花旦 hua-dahn, n., (Peking opera) a role portraying young, pretty woman.
28. 花燈 hua-deng, n., decorative paper lantern.
29. 花鈿 hua-diahn, n., hair decorations of women.
30. 花彫 hua-diau, n., first-class Shaoshing 紹興 wine.
31. 花朵 hua-duoo, n., a blossom;
32. 花朵 hua-duoo, n., a cluster of flowers.
33. 花房 hua-farng, n., greenhouse, conservatory.
34. 花粉 hua-feen, n., (1) pollen;
35. 花粉 hua-feen, n., (2) cosmetics;
36. 花粉 hua-feen, n., 花粉錢 pin money.
37. 花費 hua-feih, v.i. & t. & n., to spend money, to cost;
38. 花費 hua-feih, v.i. & t. & n., the cost.
39. 花崗石 hua-gaang-shyr, n., granite.
40. 花梗（兒） hua-geeng(’l), n., a flower stalk, or peduncle.
41. 花咕朵（兒） hua-gu-’duo(’l), n., (coll.) flower bud.
42. 花瓜 hua-gua, n., cucumber, esp. for pickling;
43. 花瓜 hua-gua, n., chopped-up appearance: 臉上打得花瓜似的 face was all cut up.
44. 花冠 hua-guan, n., (1) (bot.) the corolla;
45. 花冠 hua-guan, n., (2) a garland.
46. 花鼓（戲） hua-guu(shih), n., a form of monologue entertainment, narrating a story to the accompaniment of a small drum.
47. 花活 hua-hour, n., (1) carpenter’s fine carving;
48. 花活 hua-hour, n., (2) 耍花活 to swindle.
49. 花黃 hua-huarng, n., an anc. cosmetic, from yellow flowers, rubbed on women’s forehead.
50. 花會 hua-hueih¹, n., (1) a popular game of numebers for gambling;
51. 花會 hua-hueih¹, n., (2) a flower fair.
52. 花卉 hua-hueih², n., vegetation in gen.;
53. 花卉 hua-hueih², n., flowers, also as special subject of painting.
54. 花戶 hua-huh, n., a florist.
55. 花紅 hua-hurng, n., (1) tips, gratuities;
56. 花紅 hua-hurng, n., (2) bonus.
57. 花障（兒） hua-jahng(’l), n., a hedgerow with flowers.
58. 花枝（兒） hua-je-’l, n., a flower twig: 長得花枝兒似的 has grown up as pretty as flower.
59. 花甲 hua-jiaa, n., the cycle of sixty years: 年逾花甲 over sixty years of age.
60. 花（兒）匠 hua(’l)jiahng, n., horticulturist, gardener.
61. 花箋 hua-jian, n., letter paper with designs in lighter shade.
62. 花椒 hua-jiau, n., wild pepper grown in West China.
63. 花轎 hua-jiauh, n., decorated wedding sedan chair.
64. 花街 hua-jie, n., as in 花街柳巷 redlight district.
65. 花界 hua-jieh, n., the world of singsong girls.
66. 花鏡 hua-jihng, n., eyeglasses for old people (from 眼花 dimmed eyesight).
67. 花酒 hua-jioou, n., dinner parties with girl entertainers;
68. 花酒 hua-jioou, n., also wine made from flowers.
69. 花招（兒） hua-juau(’l), n., showy fight on stage (also 花幵兒).
70. 花燭 hua-jur, n., (1) wedding: 花燭之夜 wedding night;
71. 花燭 hua-jur, n., 洞房花燭夜 ditto;
72. 花燭 hua-jur, n., 花燭夫妻 legally married couples;
73. 花燭 hua-jur, n., (2) fancy candles for celebration.
74. 花種兒 hua-juung-’l, n., flower seeds.
75. 花捲（兒） hua-jyuaa(’l), n., a roll (fancy bread).
76. 花捐 hua-jyuan, n., tax on singsong houses.
77. 花棵（兒）（子） hua-ke(’l)(’tz), n., a small flowering plant, a sapling.
78. 花魁 hua-kueir, n., (1) the winter plum (梅當花魁);
79. 花魁 hua-kueir, n., (2) (MC) the most popular courtesan.
80. 花兒洞子 hua-l-duhng-’tz, n., a hothouse.
81. 花兒毒 hua-l-dur, n., poison from smallpox (天花).
82. 花籃（兒） hua-larn (hua-lar-’l), n., floral basket (used as tribute on occasions);
83. 花籃（兒） hua-larn (hua-lar-’l), n., a flower basket.
84. 花郎 hua-larng, n., (MC) a male beggar.
85. 花蕾 hua-leir, n., flower bud.
86. 花臉 hua-liaan, n., (Chin. opera) a male character (＝淨）: 大花臉 principal male character;
87. 花臉 hua-liaan, n., 二花臉 supporting male character;
88. 花臉 hua-liaan, n., 小花臉 clown (names from masks).
89. 花柳 hua-lioou, n., (“flowers and willows”) prostitutes;
90. 花柳 hua-lioou, n., 殘花敗柳 a hag;
91. 花柳 hua-lioou, n., 花街柳巷 see hua-jie↑;
92. 花柳 hua-lioou, n., 花柳病 venereal disease.
93. 花梨木 hua-lir-muh, n., rosewood.
94. 花翎 hua-lirng, n., (Manchu Dyn.) peacock feathers on official caps.
95. 花露水 hua-luh-shueei, n., eau de cologne, a perfumed toilet water, essence of flowers.
96. 花□ hua-merng, n., a small bee-like insect, Eristalis tenax.
97. 花面 hua-miahn, n., see hua-liaan↑.
98. 花蜜 hua-mih, n., honey.
99. 花名 hua-mirng, n., (formerly, in offcial documents) person’s legal name;
100. 花名 hua-mirng, n., 花名冊 list of names;
101. 花名 hua-mirng, n., 花名兒 (a) name of flower;
102. 花名 hua-mirng, n., (b) professional name of courtesan.
103. 花木 hua-muh, n., flowers and trees in gen.
104. 花鳥 hua-niaau, n., flowers and birds, a special branch in Chin. painting.
105. 花娘 hua-niarng, n., (MC) a prostitute.
106. 花炮 hua-pauh, n., fireworks.
107. 花盆 hua-pern, n., flowerpot.
108. 花瓶（兒） hua-pirng(’l), n., flower vase;
109. 花瓶（兒） hua-pirng(’l), n., (facet.) a girl secretary in office kept for her looks rather than work.
110. 花圃 hua-puu, n., a flower nusery.
111. 花蕊 hua-rueei, n., the pistils and stamens of a flower;
112. 花蕊 hua-rueei, n., a flower.
113. 花衫 hua-shan, n., (Chin. opera) a female role, including 青衣，花旦.
114. 花稍 hua-’shau, adj., (1) (coll.) pretty;
115. 花稍 hua-’shau, adj., (2) romantic;
116. 花稍 hua-’shau, adj., fond of opposite sex.
117. 花生 hua-sheng, n., peanut: 花生米，花生仁 meat of peanut;
118. 花生 hua-sheng, n., 花生油 peanut oil;
119. 花生 hua-sheng, n., 花生糖 peanut bar or candy.
120. 花神 hua-shern, n., the Goddess of Flowers.
121. 花項 hua-shiahng, n., item of expenes: 沒有甚麼花項，要不了這麼多錢 there is no occasion to spend;
122. 花項 hua-shiahng, n., I don’t need so much money.
123. 花消 hua-’shiau, n., expenses (see V.t.↑).
124. 花心兒 hua-shie-’l, n., center of flower.
125. 花信 hua-shihn, n., (1) news of certain flowers in bloom;
126. 花信 hua-shihn, n., (2) 花信之年 (of women) twenty-four years of age.
127. 花事 hua-shyh, n., the business of planting, enjoying flowers in spring.
128. 花石 hua-shyr, n., marble.
129. 花鬚 hua-shyu, n., pistils and stamens.
130. 花序 hua-shyuh¹, n., (bot.) inflorescence, the order of development of a flower.
131. 花絮 hua-shyuh², n., topics for gossip, human interest side lights, also 花花絮絮 different side lights.
132. 花壇 hua-tarn¹, n., flower terrace.
133. 花叠（兒） hua-tarn² (hua-tar-’l), n., an acrobatic show featuring the skillful manipulation of earthen pots.
134. 花廳（兒） hua-ting(’l), n., parlor.
135. 花莛兒 hua-tirng-’l, n., flower stalk.
136. 花頭 hua-’tou, n., trumped-up tricks: 出花頭 resort to trickery, cf. hua-yahng↓;
137. 花頭 hua-’tou, n., 花頭兒 cut flower without long stem and leaves.
138. 花草 hua-tsaau, n., flowers and grass in gen., also such paintings.
139. 花叢 hua-tsurng, n., a flower bush.
140. 花托 hua-tuo, n., (bot.) floral receptacle, the torus.
141. 花子 hua-’tz, n., (coll.) beggar (also 叫化子).
142. 花籽兒 hua-tzee-’l, n., flower seeds.
143. 花字兒 hua-tzeh-’l, n., added words in opera arias for sound effect.
144. 花王 hua-warng, n., “the king of flowers,” the peony (牡丹).
145. 花紋 hua-wern, n., pattern or texture of cloth;
146. 花紋 hua-wern, n., wood grain.
147. 花眼 hua-yaan, adj., dimmed vision of old people, farsighted, hypermetropia.
148. 花樣 hua-yahng, n., pattern, design (of dress): 花樣翻新 innovations of style;
149. 花樣 hua-yahng, n., ways and forms in performance;
150. 花樣 hua-yahng, n., 許多花樣 many variations;
151. 花樣 hua-yahng, n., 不知又要弄出甚麼花樣 do not know what next he will do.
152. 花秧兒 hua-yang-’l, n., flower sapling.
153. 花押 hua-yar, n., signature in contracts, etc.
154. 花椰菜 hua-yer-tsaih, n., cauliflower.
155. 花園 hua-yuarn, n., garden also 花苑 hua-yuaan.

芄 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 warn .

Words 1. 芄蘭 warn-larn, n., (bot.) name of plant, Metaplexis stauntoni.

葩 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 pa .

N. Flower: 葩卉＝花卉;
葩實 flower seeds.

Adj. (AC) in bloom;
flowering, blossoming.

蓖 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 bih .

Words 1. 蓖麻 bih-mar, n., (bot.) castor oil plant Ricinus communis, 蓖麻油 castor oil.

蒐 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 sou .

V.t. (1) To collect (related 搜): see compp.↓.
(2) (AC) to hold spring or autumn hunt.

Words 1. 蒐集 sou-jir, v.t., to collect (anecdotes, proofs, samples).
2. 蒐羅 sou-luor (sou-’luo), v.i., ditto.
3. 蒐索 sou-suoo, v.t., to search (also wr. 搜).

苞 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 bau .

N. (1) A kind of rush, used for mats.
(2) The calyx of a flower: 含苞未放 in early puberty, still a virgin (in calyx);
開苞 deflorate (virgin);
to blossom.

Adj. (AC) luxurant, thick (growth): 竹苞松茂 phr., symbolizing prosperity of family.

Words 1. 苞蟲 bau-churng, n., insect parasite which hurts rice plant.
2. 苞苴 bau-jyu, n., bribery.
3. 苞稂 bau-larng, n., (AC) wild bush, undergrowth.
4. 苞木 bau-muh, n., bamboo.
5. 苞桑 bau-sang, adj., (AC) firmly bound.
6. 苞筍 bau-suun, n., one kind of bamboo shoot (＝冬筍).

苑 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 yuahn (*yuarn ).

N. (1) (LL) mansion, garden home: 宮苑 palace and garden.
(2) A collection of art, writing: 文苑 literature as a branch of writing;
藝苑 the fine arts as a creative field.
(3) (*yuarn) A surname.

璤 Num. Index: 20A.70-9 churn . [Var. of 蒪 20A.00]

蕺 Num. Index: 20A.71-4 jir .

N. 蕺菜 (bot.) a grass, Houttuynia cordata.

蔑 Num. Index: 20A.71-4 mieh . [Dist. 篾 92A.71]

V.t. To belittle: 侮蔑 treat cheaply, insult.

Adj. Little, small: 蔑賤 lowly.

Adv. (AC) not: 蔑以 (＝無以): 蔑以復加 could not be surpassed.

Words 1. 蔑棄 mieh-chih, n., abandon, cast off, disregard.
2. 蔑視 mieh-shyh, v.t., to disregard, ignore (fact, person).

茂 Num. Index: 20A.71-7 mouh (or mauh ).

Adj. (1) Luxuriant, thick (forest, leaves): 茂林修竹 thick forest and tall bamboos.
(2) Talented: see 茂才 mouh-tsair↓.

Words 1. 茂密 mouh-mih, adj., thick, heavy (growth of trees);
2. 茂密 mouh-mih, adj., handsome, brilliant (style, thought, content).
3. 茂年 mouh-niarn, n., vigorous years, youth.
4. 茂盛 mouh-shehng, adj., luxuriant, plentiful (foliage, etc.).
5. 茂才 mouh-tsair, n., (1) talented scholar;
6. 茂才 mouh-tsair, n., (2) synonoym for 秀^才 90.50, B.A. degree.

葳 Num. Index: 20A.71-7 wei .

Words 1. 葳蕤 meih-rueir, (1) adj., (plants) hanging down in clusters;
2. 葳蕤 meih-rueir, (2) n., (bot.) Solomon’s seal, Polygonatum officinale.

蕆 Num. Index: 20A.71-7 chaan .

V.i. & t. See comp.↓.

Words 1. 蕆事 chaan-shyh, v.i., to finish, be completed.

藏 Num. Index: 20A.71-7 tsarng (*tzahng ).

N. (*tzahng) (1) Thibet (Tibet) (西藏): 藏葡萄 Tibetan grapes;
藏青果 Tibetan olives;
藏藍，藏青 tzahng-larn, tzahng-ching↓.
(2) A treasure vault: 庫藏，寶藏ditto.
(3) Collection of Buddhist or Taoist sutras: 大藏，大藏經 or 藏經 the Tripitaka, the whole collection of Budd. sutras;
三藏法師, see 玄^奘 60.93.
(4) U.f. 臟 42A.71, entrails.

V.t. (1) To hide, conceal.
(2) To keep a collection of (books);
to keep (beautiful girls);
nurse (hatred, etc.): 藏嬌，藏怒 tsarng-jiau, tsarng-nuh↓.

Words 1. 藏青 *tzahng-ching, adj., (Tibetan) deep dark blue.
2. 藏鋒 tsarng-feng, v.i., (1) (callig.) to conceal brush point in writing by turning up before descent, turning right before left, etc.;
3. 藏鋒 tsarng-feng, v.i., (2) to sheathe one’s talent;
4. 藏鋒 tsarng-feng, v.i., refrain from outspoken attack.
5. 藏鉤 tsarng-gou, n., an ancient game to guess in whose hand an object is.
6. 藏奸 tsarng-jian, v.i., to conceal a traitor.
7. 藏嬌 tsarng-jiau, phr., 金屋藏嬌 live with one’s young wife in a plush apartment, keep a mistress in a love nest.
8. 藏拙 tsarng-juor, v.i., (court.) conceal my weakness, lack of talent, etc.
9. 藏藍 *tzahng-larn, adj., Tibetan blue, slightly purplish.
10. 藏矇歌兒 tsarng-mern-gee-’l, n., game of hide-and-seek (also 藏矇格兒，藏貓兒).
11. 藏怒 tsarng-nuh, v.i., harbor a hatred, anger.
12. 藏身 tsarng-shen, v.i., to hide oneself.
13. 藏書 tsarng-shu, (1) v.i., to collect books;
14. 藏書 tsarng-shu, (2) n., person’s collection of books;
15. 藏書 tsarng-shu, 藏書樓 library.
16. 藏私 tsarng-sy, v.i., to hide s.t. illegally.
17. 藏掖（兒） tsarng-ye (tsarng-ye-’l), n., (coll.) s.t.. hidden;
18. 藏掖（兒） tsarng-ye (tsarng-ye-’l), n., hiding place.

祱 Num. Index: 20A.71-9 chir .

N. See 黃 ^ 祱 20.80

莪 Num. Index: 20A.71-9 er .

Words 1. 莪蒿 er-hau, n., (bot.) a species of artemisia.

蕙 Num. Index: 20A.72-1 hueih .

N. A species of orchid (oft. 蘭蕙): symbolic of purity, beauty or fragrance;
蘭質蕙心，蕙質蘭心 pure heart and spirit.

惹 Num. Index: 20A.72-1 ree .

V.t. Stir up, incite, tease, annoy: 惹不得 not to be taunted (vexed, annoyed, irritated);
我不敢惹他 I dare not offend him;
這個人不能惹（不好惹）this person must not be offended;
惹事 ree-shyh↓;
惹出事來 have brought trouble on one’s own head;
惹是非 stir up ill will (misunderstanding);
惹是生（招）非 ditto;
惹亂子（兒） do mischief, cause trouble, commit misdemeanor (crime);
惹禍 ree-huoh↓;
惹火燒身 burn one’s own fingers;
惹人笑 lay oneself open to ridicule;
惹人注意 make oneself conspicuous;
惹嫌 incur dislike, provoke disgust;
惹厭 ree-yahn↓;
惹氣，惹怒 provoke(s.o.) to anger;
惹惱 annoy, tease, make angry;
惹不起 dare not provoke to anger, cannot be stirred up;
別惹她 don’t tease (annoy, provoke) her;
惹草拈花 sow one’s wild oats, have promiscuous relations with women;
引惹 incite, provoke;
招惹 tempt, allure, entice.

Words 1. 惹起 rer-chii, v.t., (1) draw (attention);
2. 惹起 rer-chii, v.t., (2) stir up, provoke, incite (trouble, dispute).
3. 惹得 ree-’de, v.t., perpetrate incite, provoke.
4. 惹禍 ree-huoh, v.i., bring calamity (misfortune) on oneself (others).
5. 惹事 ree-shyh, v.i., cause trouble.
6. 惹厭 ree-yahn, v.i., invite dislike (disgust, resentment).

葸 Num. Index: 20A.72-4 shii .

Adj. Overcautious, timid, worried about small things: 畏葸 ditto.

薏 Num. Index: 20A.72-6 yih .

N. See 薏苡 yih-yii↓.

Words 1. 薏米 yih-mii, n., seed of Job’s-tears, see yih-yii↓.
2. 薏仁米 yih-’ren-mii, n., ditto (also 薏仁).
3. 薏苡 yih-yii, n., (bot.) Job’s-tears, Coix lacryma, also u.f. pearl barley.

芯 Num. Index: 20A.72-6 shin (*shihn ).

N. (1) Lamp pith (＝燈心草);
蠟芯兒 candle wick.
(2) Tongue: 芯子 (*shihn-tz);
蛇芯子 (coll.) snake’s tongue;
羊芯子 lamb’s tongue.

蕊 Num. Index: 20A.72-6 rueei .

N. (1) Flower buds: 發蕊 put forth buds.
(2) Reproductive organs of flowers: 雌蕊 pistil;
雄蕊 stamens;
（花）蕊兒 stamens and pistils.

Adj. (Of plants) growing in clusters.

Words 1. 蕊柱 rueei-juh, n., (bot.) a style (part of the pistil).

苾 Num. Index: 20A.72-6 bih .

N. & adj. Fragrance, -nt: 香苾 ditto.

Words 1. 苾苾 bih-bih, adj., fragrant, nice-smelling.
2. 苾勃 bih-bor, adj., bursting with fragrance.
3. 苾□ bih-chur, n., nun, translit. of Sanskr. bhiksuni, (usu. wr. 比丘尼);
4. 苾□ bih-chur, n., also a fragrant plant, emblem of monastic life.

𧩓 Num. Index: 20A.72-9 tsung . [Var. 蔥]

N. Onion;
scallion: 洋𧩓 the common onion;
胡𧩓 shallot (cf. 蒜 garlic).

Words 1. 𧩓白 tsung-bor, adj., very pale green;
2. 𧩓白 tsung-bor, adj., 𧩓白兒 white base of onion.
3. 𧩓花（兒） tsung-hua(’l), n., chopped onions.
4. 𧩓黃 tsung-huarng, adj., yellowish green.
5. 𧩓鬍子 tsung-hur-tz, n., beard-like roots of onions, beard stud on man’s face.
6. 𧩓蘢 tsung-lurng, adj., luxuriantly green.
7. 𧩓綠 tsung-lyuh, adj., pale yellowish green.
8. 𧩓頭 tsung-tour, n., the common round onion.
9. 𧩓翠 tsung-tsueih, adj., see tsung-lurng↑.
10. 𧩓𧩓 tsung-tsung, adj., (grass) green, luxuriant.

蕡 Num. Index: 20A.80-1 fern .

N. (AC) hemp seeds.

Adj. (AC) Abundant, bearing much fruit.

萁 Num. Index: 20A.80-2 chir .

N. Beanstalk.

蘋 Num. Index: 20A.80-2 pirn (*pirng ).

N. (Bot.) a flowering plant, Marsilia quadrifolia.

Words 1. 蘋果 *pirng-guuo, n., apple;
2. 蘋果 *pirng-guuo, n., 蘋果臉 pirng-guuo-liaan, cheeks like an apple;
3. 蘋果 *pirng-guuo, n., 蘋果綠 pirng-guuo-lyuh, color of unripe apple (green), name of type of porcelain;
4. 蘋果 *pirng-guuo, n., 蘋果酸 pirng-guuo-suan, n., (chem.) malic acid.

蕢 Num. Index: 20A.80-2 kueih .

N. (1) Edible amaranth with reddish stalks.
A surname.

黃 Num. Index: 20A.80-3 huarng . [See 20.80]

蕷 Num. Index: 20A.80-3 yuh .

N. See 薯 ^ 蕷 20A.41.

蕻 Num. Index: 20A.80-5 huhng .

N. See 雪 ^ 况蕻 31D.30.

蔌 Num. Index: 20A.81-1 suh .

蔌 Num. Index: N.1

蔌 Num. Index: Adj.1

芙 Num. Index: 20A.81-1 fur .

Words 1. 芙蕖 fur-chyur, n., the lotus;
2. 芙蕖 fur-chyur, n., lotus fully opened, cf. 菡^□ 20A.21.
3. 芙蓉 fur-rurng, n., lotus;
4. 芙蓉 fur-rurng, n., 木芙蓉 a flowering tree of the hibiscus family, also called 芙蓉;
5. 芙蓉 fur-rurng, n., 芙蓉面 a pretty face;
6. 芙蓉 fur-rurng, n., 芙蓉鳥 a song bird like canary (金絲雀), Serinus canarius;
7. 芙蓉 fur-rurng, n., 阿芙蓉 (litr.) opium.

莢 Num. Index: 20A.81-1 jiar .

N. Pods of leguminous plants: 豆莢 bean pods;
皂莢 pods of the Chin. honey locust;
莢果 leguminous seeds.

荑 Num. Index: 20A.81-1 tir (*yir ).

N. (1) (AC) sprouts (of grass).
(2) Tares (var. of 稊 90A.22).

V. t. (*yir) (AC, LL) to weed.

苡 Num. Index: 20A.81-2 yii . [Var. of 薏 20A.72]

葵 Num. Index: 20A.81-3 kueir .

N. (1) The sunflower: 向日葵.
(2) Any plant of the family of mallows (hollyhock, marsh mallow, okra, etc.).
(3) 蒲葵 palm, Chin. fan, Livistonis chinensis.

Words 1. 葵傾 kueir-ching, v.i., to incline in loyalty to person, as the sunflower follows the sun’s direction.
2. 葵瓜子 kueir-gua-tzyy, n., edible sunflower seeds.
3. 葵藿 kueir-huoh, n., (inferiors in self-deprecation) cheap, worthless things.
4. 葵扇 kueir-shahn, n., palm leaf fan.

莫 Num. Index: 20A.81-4 moh .

N. (Rare) u.f. 暮 muh, late afternoon, late year.

Adv. Not, be not, do not (imperative mood, but more often subjunctive) in combination 莫不，莫非 “might it not be” in sense of conjecture: 莫說 don’s say that;
莫要這樣 do not be like this;
莫管，莫教 (MC) do not let (s.t. happen);
莫不是，莫不成 could it be that? unless it be (his fault);
莫過（於） nothing is better than: 學問莫過於某君 no better scholar than Mr. X;
莫大於 nothing is greater, more important than;
哀莫大於心死 the greatest pity is the death of the human heart (Mencius), see following special phrases.

Words 1. 莫非 moh-fei, phr., unless it be: 莫非是他 perhaps it is he;
2. 莫非 moh-fei, phr., 莫非是他錯了 perhaps it was his mistake;
3. 莫非 moh-fei, phr., 普天之下，莫非王土 all this territory belongs to the king.
4. 莫怪 moh-guaih, phr., it is not surprising that (the child will not eat, having eaten already): 莫怪人家這樣說你 so that is why people say this of you;
5. 莫怪 moh-guaih, phr., 請莫怪 (modest) please do not blame me.
6. 莫名 moh-mirng, phr., difficult to express: 莫名其妙 (not 莫明) difficult to guess what it is all about;
7. 莫名 moh-mirng, phr., 感戴莫名 do not know how to express my gratitude.
8. 莫逆 moh-nih, adj., in 莫逆之交 friend with complete mutual understanding.
9. 莫若 moh-ruoh, 莫如 moh-rur, conj. phr., nothing better than, it would be better to: 莫如回去，和他絕交 it is better to go home, to break relations with him;
10. 莫若 moh-ruoh, 莫如 moh-rur, conj. phr., 以為天下莫己若也 (LL) thinks he has no equal in this world.
11. 莫須有 moh-shyu-yoou, phr., famous decision of cllaborator 秦檜 who had the great general 岳飛 killed by announcing these three words (三字獄) “it is unnecessary” to proffer charges or prove anything.

蕨 Num. Index: 20A.81-5 jyuer .

N. (Bot.) common bracken, female fern.

蔟 Num. Index: 20A.81-6 tsuh . [Var. of 簇 92A.81]

蒺 Num. Index: 20A.81-6 jir .

N. 蒺藜 (bot.) thorns, the puncture vine.

茨 Num. Index: 20A.81-6 tsyr .

N. (1) Thatched hut.
(2) (Bot.) a grass, Tribulus terrestris.

V.t. (AC) to fill up with mud.

萩 Num. Index: 20A.81-9 chiou .

N. (1) (Bot.) a kind of rush.
(2) Var. of 楸 the catalpa.

英 Num. Index: 20A.81-9 ying .

N. (1) Petals: 落英繽紛 fallen petals lie in profusion.
(2) The select, the best (see Adj.): 𡡷英 gathering of stars, heroes, etc.
(3) Short for 英格蘭 England, 英吉利 English;
英美 England and the U.S.
(4) A surname.

Adj. (1) Heroic, outstanding: 英豪，英雄 ying-haur, ying-shyurng↓;
英武 ying-wuu↓;
英挺，英拔 ying-tiing, ying-bar↓.
(2) Bright, brilliant: 英才 brilliant student;
英明，英俊 ying-mirng, ying-jyuhn↓.

Words 1. 英拔 ying-bar, adj., distinguished, outstanding (man).
2. 英氣 ying-chih, n., heroic spirit, fearless courage.
3. 英發 ying-fa, adj., (LL) distinctive, brilliant.
4. 英格蘭 Ying-ge-larn, n., England.
5. 英國 Ying-guor, n., England.
6. 英豪 ying-haur, adj. & n., heroic;
7. 英豪 ying-haur, adj. & n., hero.
8. 英華 ying-huar, (1) n., exuberance;
9. 英華 ying-huar, (2) Anglo-Chinese (college, etc.).
10. 英吉利 Ying-jir-lih, adj., English.
11. 英俊 ying-jyuhn, adj., handsome, brilliant;
12. 英俊 ying-jyuhn, n., such men.
13. 英靈 ying-lirng, n., (1) fine spirit;
14. 英靈 ying-lirng, n., atmosphere of hills and waters as affecting human character;
15. 英靈 ying-lirng, n., (2) (court.) departed soul.
16. 英髦 ying-maur, adj., see ying-jyuhn↑.
17. 英美法 Ying-Meei-faa, n., Anglo-American Law.
18. 英明 ying-mirng, adj., astute, wise, enlightened (ruler).
19. 英年 ying-niarn, n., youth.
20. 英挺 ying-tiing, adj., select, brilliant.
21. 英雄 ying-shyurng (ying-’shyung), n., hero: 英雄所見略同 great minds think alike.
22. 英偉 ying-weei, adj., tall and handsome.
23. 英文 Ying-wern, n., English.
24. 英物 ying-wuh, n., (LL, rare) a genius.
25. 英武 ying-wuu, adj., martial (appearance, spirit).
26. 英英 ying-ying, adj., (LL) brilliant (clouds, family), resounding (voice).
27. 英語 Ying-yuu, n., the English language.
28. 英勇 ying-yuung, adj., heroic, brave, stalwart.

萸 Num. Index: 20A.81-9 yur .

N. See 茱^萸 20A.01.

茯 Num. Index: 20A.81-9 fur .

Words 1. fur-lirng, n., (bot.) China Root, a large edible fungus growing on fir roots;
2. fur-lirng, n., 茯芩糕 a white delicacy made from 茯芩.

荻 Num. Index: 20A.81-9 dir .

N. A kind of reed: 荻筆 reed stem used as pen to write on ashes.

芡 Num. Index: 20A.81-9 chiahn .

Words 1. 芡粉 chiahn-feen, n., sauce made of a mixture of bean powder, arrowroot and caltrop.
2. 芡實 chiahn-shyr, n., the foxnut, Euryale ferox;
3. 芡實 chiahn-shyr, n., edible seeds of this plant.

菱 Num. Index: 20A.82-1 lirng .

N. A kind of caltrop (water chestnut) of irregular shapes with pointed ends (cf. round-shaped 荸^薺 20A.00).

Words 1. 菱角 lirng-’jiau, n., caltrop;
2. 菱角 lirng-’jiau, n., its edible nut.
3. 菱苦土 lirng-kur-tuu, n., (min.) magnesite.
4. 菱錳䬷 lirng-meeng-kuahng, n., (min.) rhodochrosite.
5. 菱面體 lirng-miahn-tii, n., (math.) rhombohedron.
6. 菱鋅䬷 lirng-shin-kuahng, n., (min.) smithsonite.
7. 菱形 lirng-shirng, n., (math.) rhombus.
8. 菱鐵䬷 lirng-tiee-kuahng, n., (min.) siderite.

茇 Num. Index: 20A.82-1 bar .

N. Roots of grass (茇舍 bar-sheh, huts so covered for roof).

菽 Num. Index: 20A.82-2 shur .

N. Beans: 菽火承歡 poor but filial (serve parents with simple meals);
不辨菽麥 ignorant of common things (“cannot tell wheat from beans”).

荍 Num. Index: 20A.82-2 chiaur . [Var. of 蕎 20A.42]

蔽 Num. Index: 20A.82-2 bih .

V.t. (1) (LL) Cover, spread over: 衣不蔽體 be in rags (clothing cannot cover the body);
野花蔽野 the country is covered with wild fowers;
蔽於讒 (of king) deceived by sycophant attendants;
as var. of 閉 in 蔽月羞花 (of woman’s beauty which “shames the flowers”).
(2) Block, cloud, hide from view: 蔽月 (clouds) hide the moon;
烏雲敝日 (fig.) bad ministers surround the emperor;
蔽風雨 shelter from wind and rain;
蔽賢 (LL) block the way of the good ministers;
物欲所蔽 (of the heart) clouded by material desires;
蒙蔽 hoodwink;
受人蒙蔽 (of ruler) kept in ignorance.
(3) To sum up: 一言以蔽之 in one word.

Words 1. 蔽障 bih-jahng, v.t. & n., to keep in obscurity;
2. 蔽障 bih-jahng, v.t. & n., obstacle to faith or clear vision.
3. 蔽障 bih-seh, v.t., block (understanding, channels of thinking);
4. 蔽障 bih-seh, v.t., p.p., blocked.

藪 Num. Index: 20A.82-2 soou .

N. (1) Jungle, thicket: 盜賤淵藪 thieves’den, lair.
(2) A lake;
wild country.

夔 Num. Index: 20A.82-2 kueir .

N. (AC) a one-legged monster in fable.

Words 1. 夔夔 kueir-kueir, adj., awe-struck, in fear.
2. 夔龍 kueir-lurng, n., an animal of lizard type in anc. bronzes.

芨 Num. Index: 20A.82-3 jir .

N. (1) (Bot.) Bletilla hyacinthina, 白芨.
(2) Another name for 菫草 the Chin. elder, Sambucus javanica.

蔓 Num. Index: 20A.82-4 mahn (*marn ; re. pr. *wahn ).

N. Vine, ivy: 瓜蔓 (*wahn) melon vine.

Words 1. 蔓青 *marn-’ching, n., (bot.) the rape-turnip.
2. 蔓腳類 mahn-jiaau-leih, n., (bot.) plants of the creeper type, Cirripedia, also 蔓生植物.
3. 蔓延，蔓衍 mahn-yarn, mahn-yaan, v.i., grow and spread (vine, disease, bad customs);
4. 蔓延，蔓衍 mahn-yarn, mahn-yaan, adj., widespread, also wr. 曼, 漫.

蕞 Num. Index: 20A.82-4 tzueih .

Adj. Little small, tiny: 蕞爾小邦 a tiny kingdom (state).

芟 Num. Index: 20A.82-4 shan .

N. A big sickle.

V.t. To weed (grass, field), to weed out (evil, undesirable elements), cf. 刪 42S.00.

菔 Num. Index: 20A.82-4 fur (orbor ).

N. 萊菔 lair-fur, trunip (var. for 蘿蔔 luor-bor).

葭 Num. Index: 20A.82-5 jia .

N. (1) (Bot.) a bulrush or reed.
(2) (Interch. 笳) a flute.

Words 1. 葭莩 jia-fur, n., (1) the membrane of a reed stem (as in reed type);
2. 葭莩 jia-fur, n., (2) distant relatives (i.e., very “thin”).

茭 Num. Index: 20A.82-6 jiau .

N. (1) (Bot.) water bamboo, Indian rice, Zizania aquatica (also known as 菰 ).
(2) Hay, fodder.

Words 1. 茭白 jiau-bair, n., young shoots of Zizania aquatica.
2. 茭米 jiau-mii, n., Indian rice.

菠 Num. Index: 20A.82-6 bo (bor ).

N. 菠菜 bo-tsaih, or 菠稜菜 Bo-lerng-tsaih, n., spinach.

艾 Num. Index: 20A.82-8 aih (*yih ).

N. (1) Mugwort, artemisia or mint, used for cauterization or as counterirritant: 艾炷，艾絨 aih-juh, aih-rurng↓.
(2) Person over fifty years of age.
(3) A surname.

V.i. (1) To end, be spent: 夜未艾 the night is young yet: 方興未艾 on the upward surge.
(2) (AC) to nurture, protect: 保艾爾後 protect your offspring.

Adj. (1) 少艾 (AC) the young and handsome.
(2) (AC) greyhaired, over fifty of age.

Words 1. 艾焙 aih-beih, c.i., to cauterize with end of artemisia, see aih-juh, aih-rurng↓;
2. 艾焙 aih-beih, c.i., (fig.) (MC) 受艾焙 to suffer.
3. 艾蒿 aih-hau, n., (bot.) artemisia.
4. 艾火 aih-huoo, n., lighted end of artemisia for cautering.
5. 艾虎 aih-huu, n., formerly, a bag of mint herb for warding off infectious insects, worn on 5th day of 5th lunar month.
6. 艾豭 aih-jia, n., (AC) old male pig.
7. 艾炷 aih-juh, n., stick of artemisia, used for cauterizing.
8. 艾絨（兒）（子） aih-rurng(’l)(’tz), n., tuft of artemisia, used for cauterizing and for making inkpad for Chin. seals.

薐 Num. Index: 20A.82-9 lerng .

N. See 菠^薐 20A.82.

薇 Num. Index: 20A.82-9 weir .

N. (1) A plant, Osmunda regalis var. japonica.
(2) 薔^薇 20A.41.

蓮 Num. Index: 20A.83-1 liarn .

N. (1) Lotus, water lily＝蓮花 liarn-hua↓.
(2) Buddha’s seat and symbol of purity.
(3) The bound feet: 三寸金蓮 three-inch bound feet.
(4) 西番蓮 the passionflower, dahlia.

Words 1. 蓮步 liarn-buh, n., mincing steps of bound feet, from 步步蓮花 allu. 5th cen. prince whose favorite dancing girl left prints of lotus flower from her soles.
2. 蓮房 liarn-farng, n., see liarn-perng↓.
3. 蓮漖 liarn-gou, n., small bound feet with shoes turning up like a crescent.
4. 蓮花 liarn-hua, n., lotus flower: 蓮花池 lotus pond;
5. 蓮花 liarn-hua, n., 蓮花（兒）燈 louts-shaped lantern;
6. 蓮花 liarn-hua, n., 蓮花白 a liqueur;
7. 蓮花 liarn-hua, n., 蓮花落 a popular song or melody.
8. 蓮炬 liarn-jyuh, n., festive candles.
9. 蓮蓬 liarn-perng, n., lotus seedpod, (fig.) a big fat person;
10. 蓮蓬 liarn-perng, n., 蓮蓬子兒 see liarn-tzyy↓.
11. 蓮肉 liarn-rouh, n., edible lotus seed (its “meat”).
12. 蓮心 liarn-shin, n., heart of lotus seed.
13. 蓮實 liarn-shyr, n., lotus seed (see liarn-rouh↑).
14. 蓮臺 liarn-tair, n., Buddha’s seat in the form of lotus flower.
15. 蓮座 liarn-tzuoh, n., see liarn-tair↑.
16. 蓮子 liarn-tzyy, n., lotus seed, a delicacy.

蘧 Num. Index: 20A.83-2 chyur .

N. A surname.

Adj. (AC) frightened, (interch. 瞿).

Words 1. 蘧蘧 chyur-chyur, adj., (1) as in (AC) 蘧蘧然周也 (waked up to find that) I am 莊周 myself, real and alive;
2. 蘧蘧 chyur-chyur, adj., (2) high up.
3. 蘧廬 chyur-lur, n., (AC) humble home, dwelling place.
4. 蘧麥 chyur-maih, n., see 瞿^麥 41.11.

薿 Num. Index: 20A.83-2 nii .

Adj. Growing vigorously, luxuriant, flourishing: 黍稷薿薿 (AC) how vigorously the millet grows!

蓫 Num. Index: 20A.83-3 jur .

N. (Bot.) the yellow dock, Rumex japonicus (also called 羊蹄).

蕤 Num. Index: 20A.83-3 rueir .

N. A thick growth of bushes, a thicket.

Adj. (Of flowers) drooping.

菰 Num. Index: 20A.83-3 gu .

N. (1) (Bot.) Asian wild rice, Zizania aquatica.
(2) Var. of 菇 mushrooms.

邁 Num. Index: 20A.83-4 maih .

V.i. (Dial.) pass: 邁過去 pass by;
advance: 邁不開步 unable to take a step.

Adj. Old: 老邁 advanced in age;
年高老邁 reach venerable age.

Adv. Advancing firmly, forward: 邁進 steadily pushing forward;
邁大步走 taking large firm steps.

Words 1. 邁步（兒） maih-buh(’l), v.i., move forward.
2. 邁方步（兒） maih-fang-buh(’l), v.i., take slow, swinging steps (often seen on stage).
3. 邁邁 maih-maih, adv., (AC) as in 視我邁邁 looded at me coolly, in slighting manner.

躉 Num. Index: 20A.83-4 duun .

N. & v.t. & adv. Wholesale: 躉買，贖 buy wholesale;
躉賣，售 sell wholeale.

Words 1. 躉船 duun-chuarn(also dun-chuarn), n., a warehouse boat, or boat warehouse.
2. 躉批 duun-pi, v.t., sell wholesale;
3. 躉批 duun-pi, n., whole lot.

芝 Num. Index: 20A.83-6 jy .

N. (1) A fabulous plant of fairyland: 靈芝，瑞芝 described as a mushroom with purplish stalk, good omen of long life.
(2) Orchid＝芝蘭 noted for fragrance and color;
hence litr. symbol of fragrance, the gentleman, high character, see 芝蘭，芝艾 jy-larn, jy-aih↓, (cf. 芷).
(3) Sesame: 芝麻 jy-’ma↓.

Words 1. 芝艾 jy-aih, n., select flower and common grass: 芝艾俱焚 the good perishes with the bad.
2. 芝蘭 jy-larn, n., a kind of orchid: (a) fragrance of saintly character: 如入芝蘭之室 pervading uplifting character of a moral gentleman;
3. 芝蘭 jy-larn, n., (b) in praise of another’s children: 芝蘭子弟;
4. 芝蘭 jy-larn, n., (c) in praise of high-minded friend-ship: 芝蘭氣味.
5. 芝麻 jy-’ma, n., sesame (also wr. 芝僡) the plant or its seed;
6. 芝麻 jy-’ma, n., 芝麻細 insignificant amount or detail;
7. 芝麻 jy-’ma, n., 芝麻油 sesame oil;
8. 芝麻 jy-’ma, n., 芝麻醬 sesame sauce or paste.
9. 芝眉 jy-meir, n., (LL court.) your distinguished appearance.
10. 芝顏 jy-yarn, n., ditto (oft. used in letters): 得賭芝顏 (LL) was able to see you.

莛 Num. Index: 20A.83-9 tirng .

N. Stem of grass.

蓏 Num. Index: 20A.83-9 luoo .

N. Different kinds of melon.

蓰 Num. Index: 20A.83-9 shii .

N. (AC) five-fold increase.

蓬 Num. Index: 20A.83-9 perng . [Dist. 篷]

N. (Bot.) Erigeron acris, also called 飛蓬 a grass, oft. used figuratively of s.t. tangled, disshevelled (hair): 蓬首蓬頭，蓬髮，(AC) 蓬葆 disshevelled hair;
蓬頭垢面, unkempt appearance, disshevelled hair and dirty face;
in sense of thatched hut, (fig.) of humble house: 蓬室，蓬戶，蓬門 house with grass mat door or window;
篳門蓬戶 grass hut;
蓬篳生輝 my humble house is honored with your visit;
蓬生麻中不扶自立 AC allu., influence of good society, like grass growing straight in a hemp field;
(fig.) of s.t. blown about by the wind like thistle: 蓬轉 flying about;
蓬累而行 (AC) wandering about with bag and baggage.

Words 1. 蓬勃 perng-bor, adj., rising, growing fast, viable: as 蓬勃氣象 a sense of luxuriant growth, vitality, also 蓬蓬勃勃.
2. 蓬蒿 perng-hau, n., (bot.) grass of the rush family;
3. 蓬蒿 perng-hau, n., wild underbrush.
4. 蓬顆 perng-kee, n., (AC) mud bricks.
5. 蓬萊 Perng-lair, n., a fabled Fairy Isle on the China Sea.
6. 蓬虆 perng-leir, n., (bot.) Rubus thunbergii, a plant of the rose family.
7. 蓬蓬 perng-perng, adj., luxuriant;
8. 蓬蓬 perng-perng, adj., booming (sound of wind).
9. 蓬茸 perng-rurng, adj., luxuriant, tangled (of grass).
10. 蓬砂 perng-sha, n., borax, commonly wr. 硼砂.
11. 蓬鬆 perng-sung, adj., fluffy (of hair, etc.).

蓼 Num. Index: 20A.91-5 liaau (*luh ).

N. (Bot.) smartweed, Polygonum.

Words 1. 蓼莪 *luh-er, n., name of ode in Book of Poetry, expressing remembrance of deceased parents.
2. 蓼藍 liaau-larn, n., (bot.) indigo, whose leaves are used for dyeing.
3. 蓼蓼 *luh-luh, n., (AC) luxuriant.

莎 Num. Index: 20A.91-6 suo (*sha ).

N. A kind of sedge grass: 莎草.

Words 1. 莎䓩 *sha-ji, n., variously interpreted: (a) (AC) a species of grasshopper;
2. 莎䓩 *sha-ji, n., (b) a species of cicada (＝紡織娘) Mecopoda niponensis.
3. 莎士比亞 *Sha-shyh-bir-yaa, n., Shakespeare.
4. 莎草 suo-tsaau, n., (bot.) a kind of sedge, Cyperus rotundus.

萋 Num. Index: 20A.93-1 chi .

Adj. (AC) (1) thriving (plants).
(2) Rumbling (clouds).
(3) 萋萋, see 淒^淒 63A.93.

菘 Num. Index: 20A.93-1 sung .

N. Celery cabbage, Brassica chinensis (＝白菜).

藝 Num. Index: 20A.93-1 yih . [Anc. var. 埶]

N. (1) Art, fine arts, skill: 藝術 yih-shuh↓;
文藝 literature, literary art: 六^藝 60.80;
手藝 handicraft;
工藝 artisan’s craft;
園藝 horticulture;
技藝 technical skill.
(2) (AC) horticulture.

Words 1. 藝妓 yih-jih, n., (Japan) geisha, girl artist of song and dance.
2. 藝林 yih-lirn, n., the fine arts;
3. 藝林 yih-lirn, n., the artistic and literary circles;
4. 藝林 yih-lirn, n., a collection of creative works.
5. 藝名 yih-mirng, n., artist’s stage name.
6. 藝能 yih-nerng, n., artistic ability.
7. 藝人 yih-rern, n., artist.
8. 藝術 yih-shuh, n., art, creative art (sculpture, music, poetry, architecture, etc.);
9. 藝術 yih-shuh, n., 藝術家 an artist.
10. 藝徒 yihy-tur, n., apprentice, artisan.
11. 藝文 yih-wern, n., literature and the arts.
12. 藝苑 yih-yuahn, n., see yih-lirn↑.
13. 藝員 yih-yuarn, n., artisan, any member of artistic profession.

蔞 Num. Index: 20A.93-2 lour .

Words 1. 蔞蒿 lour-hau, n., (bot.) the beach wormwood, Artemisia stelleriana (＝白蒿).

芸 Num. Index: 20A.93-3 yurn .

N. The rue, a strongly scented herb used for keeping moths away from books, hence 芸閣 a study;
芸籤 bookmark;
芸帙 casing for books.

V.t. U. f. 耘, to weed garden.

Words 1. 芸蒿 yurn-hau, n., the rue.
2. 芸香 yurn-shiang, n., see N.↑.
3. 芸芸 yurn-yurn, adj., numerous: 芸芸眾生 the multitudes.

蕓 Num. Index: 20A.93-3 yurn .

Words 1. 蕓薹 yurn-tair, n., a kind of cabbage, Brassica campestris.

蔭 Num. Index: 20A.93-3 yihn .

N. (1) Shade, shelter: 樹蔭 tree shade.
(2) Material benefit or inheritance from ancestor (interch 廕 61.93): 餘蔭 benefit, blessing from ancestor.

Words 1. 蔭庇 yihn-bih, v.t. & n., to bring under protection or patronage;
2. 蔭庇 yihn-bih, v.t. & n., spiritual or material protection of ancestor.
3. 蔭蔚 yihn-weih, adj., shady, cool.
4. 蔭翳 yihn-yih, adj., ditto.
5. 蔭鬱 yihn-yuh, adj., heavily shaded by trees.

蠆 Num. Index: 20A.93-4 chaih .

N. (LL) a kind of scorpion: 躉尾 tail sting of scorpion: 蜂躉 wasps and scorpions－(fig.) deadly, poisonous things.

荽 Num. Index: 20A.93-9 suei .

N. Coriander (a spice): 芫荽 ditto.

萎 Num. Index: 20A.93-9 wei .

V.i. (Flowers) wilt;
(fig.) 哲人其萎 the philosopher is aging, passing away;
萎縮 atrophy.

茲 Num. Index: 20A.93-9 tzy . [see 茲 80.93]

靪 Num. Index: 20B.00-3 ding .

V.t. To re-sole a shoe.

靺 Num. Index: 20B.01-1 moh .

N. Stockings, socks, (var. □，襪).

靽 Num. Index: 20B.10-2 bahn . [Var. of 絆 93B.10]

鞋 Num. Index: 20B.11-1 shier .

N. (shier-tz) Shoes: 皮鞋 leather shoes;
布鞋 cloth shoes;
草鞋 straw sandals;
拖鞋 slippers;
球鞋 tennis shoes;
高跟鞋 high-heeled shoes.

Words 1. 鞋幫（兒） shier-bang(’l), n., the sides of shoes.
2. 鞋拔子 shier-bar(tz), n., a shoehorn.
3. 鞋撐 shier-cheng, n., a shoe tree.
4. 鞋帶 shier-daih, n., shoelace, shoestring.
5. 鞋底（子）（兒） shier-dii(tz) (diee-’l), n., shoe sole.
6. 鞋跟 shier-gen, n., the heel of a shoe.
7. 鞋後跟 shier-houh-gen, n., the back part of shoe, above the heel.
8. 鞋匠 shier-jiahng, n., cobbler, shoemaker.
9. 鞋臉（兒） shier-liaan (shier-liaa-’l), n., the front top of shoes.
10. 鞋面 shier-miahn, n., the shoe top.
11. 鞋舌 shier-sher, the shoe flap.
12. 鞋刷（兒）（子） shier-shua(’l)(tz), n., shoe brush.
13. 鞋楦（頭）（子） shier-shyuahn(tour)(tz), n., shoe tree.
14. 鞋油 shier-your, n., shoeshine, shoe cream.

𣐀 Num. Index: 20B.11-2 tang .

N. Noise of drums;
also 𣐀鞳.

□ Num. Index: 20B.11-4 ting .

N. Leather belt or sash.

靷 Num. Index: 20B.22-5 yiin .

N. A leather strap for pulling cart.

靳 Num. Index: 20B.22-9 jihn .

N. (1) Trappings under the neck of a horse.
(2) A surname.

V.i. & t. (1) V.i., be parsimonious: 靳惜 be reluctant to part with.
(2) V.t., (AC) to ridicule.

韁 Num. Index: 20B.30-3 jiang . [Var. of 𢙨 93B.30]

□ Num. Index: 20B.41-8 chiou .

N. Leather strap on flanks of horse (also wr. 鞦 see 20B.81).

鞘 Num. Index: 20B.42-2 chiauh .

N. A scabbard.

□ Num. Index: 20B.42-2 beih .

V.t. (AC) to drive a horse (□馬).

韉 Num. Index: 20B.50-2 jian .

N. A saddle cloth.

鞨 Num. Index: 20B.50-4 her .

N. (AC) rough sandal.

旣 Num. Index: 20B.50-5 rehn [Var. of 韌 22S.50]

□ Num. Index: 20B.50-6 bang . [Var. of 鞤 11.10]

勒 Num. Index: 20B.50-9 leh (*lei ).

N. (1) Bridle.
(2) A horizontal stroke in Chin. callig.
(3) Ribs (var. of 肋).
(4) A surname.

V.t. (1) (AC) to command, exercise control over: 親勒六軍 took personal command of the army.
(2) (勒+vb.) to force s.o. to do s.t.: 勒索 leh-suoo, 勒捐 leh-jyuan, 勒借 leh-jieh, 勒贖 leh-shur↓.
(3) Carve, inscribe: 勒石，勒碑 inscribe on a stone tablet.
(4) (*lei) Tighten: 勒死 strangle to death;
勒緊褲（腰）帶 tighten one’s belt.

Words 1. 勒逼 leh-bi, v.t., force (s.o.) to do (s.t.) against his will.
2. 勒兵 leh-bing, v.t., order a temporary halt of the army’s advance.
3. 勒交 leh-jiau, v.t., force (s.o.) to hand over (money, person or thing).
4. 勒借 leh-jieh, v.t., compel (s.o.) to lend oneself money.
5. 勒住 leh-juh, v.t., stop, halt by pulling in reins.
6. 勒捐 leh-jyuan, v.t., compel (s.o.) to make monetary contributions.
7. 勒掯 *lei-’ken, v.t., (MC) (1) extort;
8. 勒掯 *lei-’ken, v.t., (2) force (s.o.) to do (s.t.) against his will;
9. 勒掯 *lei-’ken, v.t., (3) restrain, control.
10. 勒令 leh-lihng, v.t., to order: 勒令退學 order (a student) to leave school;
11. 勒令 leh-lihng, v.t., 勒令停職 order (s.o.’s ) dismissal from office;
12. 勒令 leh-lihng, v.t., 勒令自盡 order (s.o.) to commit suicide.
13. 勒馬 leh-maa, v.t., rein in a horse: 懸崖勒馬 (lit.) rein in one’s horse at the edge of a cliff, (fig.) avoid danger before it is too late.
14. 勒派 leh-paih, v.t., levy (money) by compulsion.
15. 勒限 leh-shiahn, v.t., fix an arbitrary time limit for (s.o.) to do (s.t.).
16. 勒贖 leh-shur, v.t., hold for ransom.
17. 勒索 leh-suoo, v.t., extort (money, food, etc.).
18. 勒草 leh-tsaau, n., (bot.) the wild hop, Humulus japonicus (＝葎).
19. 勒魚 leh-yur, n., (zoo.) Ilisha elongata, the white or longfinned herring.

鞠 Num. Index: 20B.50-9 jyur .

N. (1) 鞠球 formerly, a football.
(2) A surname.

V.t. (1) Bend: 鞠躬 jyur-gung↓.
(2) Bring up, rear: 鞠養 jyur-yaang, 鞠育 jyur-yuh↓.
(3) (U.f. 鞫) interrogate (prisoners).

Adj. Young, childish: 鞠子 a young lad.

Words 1. 鞠部 jyur-buh, n., an operatic troupe.
2. 鞠藭 jyur-chyurng, n., (bot.) the hemlock parsley, Conioselinum univitatum, (also wr. 芎藭).
3. 鞠躬 jyur-gung, v.t., to bow (“bend the body”): 鞠躬盡瘁 tire oneself out in official duties.
4. 鞠養 jyur-yaang, v.t., bring up (children), rear.
5. 鞠育 jyur-yuh, v.t., ditto.

鞫 Num. Index: 20B.50-9 jyur . [Dist. 鞠]

V.t. Interrogate (prisoner), make a thorough investigation of: 鞫訊 put (prisoner) on trial;
鞫治 try (s.o.) in court and sentence him;
鞫實 conduct a thorough inquiry into a case.

靿 Num. Index: 20B.50-9 yauh .

N. The stem of boots, stockings: 靴靿 stiff stem of boots;
高靿靴 high boots;
短靿襪子 socks.

□ Num. Index: 20B.70-2 taur . [Var. □ 22.82]

靶 Num. Index: 20B.70-5 baa .

N. 靶子 baa-tz, target;
把靶子 archery or rifle practice;
靶子㪫 rifle range.

靴 Num. Index: 20B.70-9 shyue . [Anc. var. □]

N. (shyue-tz) High boots: 雨靴 waterproof boots;
馬靴 riding boots;
隔靴搔癢 scratch an itch across the boots－to talk way off the mark.

Words 1. 靴袍 shyue-paur, n., formerly, long gown worn with boots on formal occasions.
2. 靴筩 shyue-tuung, n., the leg of the boot.
3. 靴靿 shyue-yauh, n., neck of boot where it bends near the ankle.
4. 靴掖子 shyue-yeh-tz, n., pocketbook carried inside a boot.

鞄 Num. Index: 20B.70-9 baur (also pau ).

N. & v.t. Soft leather;
to soften leather.

鞔 Num. Index: 20B.70-9 marn .

V.t. (AC) fasten skin on (drum).

□ Num. Index: 20B.71-2 wah . [Var. of 襪 63C.71]

鞦 Num. Index: 20B.81-9 chiou . [Var. of 緧，□]

N. A leather strap.

Words 1. 鞦韆 chiou-chian, n., the swing (a children’s or ladies’ pastime; preferable var. 秋千).

鞅 Num. Index: 20B.81-9 yaang (also yang ).

N. Halter strap: 鞅掌 (AC, LL) busy with public affairs.

靸 Num. Index: 20B.82-3 ta (*saa ).

Words 1. 靸拉 ta-’la, v.t., to pull, drag, esp. in trailing slippers;
2. 靸拉 ta-’la, v.t., also wr. 趿.
3. 靸鞋 *sar-shiee, n., a kind of cloth shoes, with cloth soles, used by laborers;
4. 靸鞋 *sar-shiee, n., children’s shoes;
5. 靸鞋 *sar-shiee, n., (MC) sandals.

鞭 Num. Index: 20B.82-9 bian .

N. (1) Whip: 馬鞭 horsewhip;
usu. 鞭子 bian-tz;
執鞭之士 (AC) horseman, carriage driver;
鞭長莫及 phr., beyond one’s ability to help, i.e., out of reach.
(2) (AC) bamboo whip;
metal chain as weapon.
(3) The rod as symbol of teacher: 執教鞭 be a teacher (at such a school).

V.t. To whip, flog: 鞭打，鞭箠;
鞭打棍捶 beat up with sticks and whips.

Words 1. 鞭辟 bian-bih, v.t., urge forward by severity, whip forward: 鞭辟入况 phr., demolish (a writer, writing) by penetrating criticism.
2. 鞭春 bian-chun, phr., see bian-tuu-niour↓.
3. 鞭笞 bian-chyr, v.t., & n., flog (-ging).
4. 鞭炮 bian-pauh, n., string of firecrackers.
5. 鞭扑 bian-puh, v.t., submit (person) to flogging.
6. 鞭撻 bian-tah, v.t., whip, whip into submission (of countries);
7. 鞭撻 bian-tah, v.t., (MC) drive (person) about.
8. 鞭策 bian-tseh, v.t., whip, drive (person, oneself) forward.
9. 鞭土牛 bian-tuu-niour, phr., anc. spring ceremony of beating earthen ox, also called 打春 “beating the spring.”

鞬 Num. Index: 20B.83-2 jian .

N. A leather case for bow and arrows: 鞬橐干戈 (AC) turn to peaceful pursuits (“put swords and spears in storage”).

韆 Num. Index: 20B.83-3 chian .

N. See 鞦^韆 20B.81.

鞍 Num. Index: 20B.93-6 an .

N. (an-tz) Saddle.

荊 Num. Index: 20S.00-2 jing . [Var. of 荊]

N. (1) Thorns, brambles.
(2) A rod for flogging: 負荊請罪 apologize for wrongdoing.
(3) One’s own wife, from 荊釵 jing-chai↓: 拙荊，山荊 my wife;
荊婦 jing-fuh, 荊室 jing-shyh↓.
(4) A surname.
(5) 荊州 Jinggou, in Hupei.

Words 1. 荊釵 jing-chai, n., as in 荊釵布裙 a woman’s plain dress (“thorns as hairpin and skirt made of coarse cloth”).
2. 荊柴 jing-chair, n., poor man’s cottage.
3. 荊婦 jing-fuh, n., my wife.
4. 荊芥 jing-jieh, n., (bot.) Nepeta japonica.
5. 荊棘 jing-jir, n., & adj., thorns, -y: 荊棘業生 beset with difficulties.
6. 荊人 jing-rern, n., see jing-fuh↑.
7. 荊室 jing-shyh, n., ditto.

□ Num. Index: 20S.00-2 jar . [Related 劄 92S.00]

蒯 Num. Index: 20S.00-2 kuaai .

N. (1) (Bot.) a rush: 蒯履 rush sandals;
蒯蓆 rush mat.
(2) A surname.

□ Num. Index: 20S.00-2 huo .

V.t. To slit open (a fish’s belly).

艱 Num. Index: 20S.02-5 jian .

N. & adj. (1) Difficult(y), hard (ship): 艱難 jian-nan, 艱苦 jian-kuu↓.
(2) Bereavement, particularly of parent(s): 丁艱 bereaved of parents.

Words 1. 艱貞 jian-jen, adj., loyal through thick and thin.
2. 艱鉅 jian-jyuh, adj., herculean (task), diffcult to surmount.
3. 艱困 jian-kuhn, adj., vexing, difficult (work, circumstances).
4. 艱苦 jian-kuu, n. & adj., hard (-ships), arduous (labor).
5. 艱難 jian-narn, n. & adj., difficult(y).
6. 艱澀 jian-seh, adj., (of roads) difficult to traverse, (of written works) hard to comprehend, (of writers) slow with one’s pen, (of food or drinks) bitter and harsh.
7. 艱深 jian-shen, adj., (of written works) abstruse.
8. 艱險 jian-shiaan, adj., difficult and dangerous, perilous.
9. 艱辛 jian-shin, n. & adj., see jian-kuu↑.
10. 艱危 jian-weir, adj., hazardous, critical (times).
11. 艱虞 jian-yur, n., difficulties, worries.

斟 Num. Index: 20S.10-1 jen .

V.t. (1) To pour wine or tea into cup: 斟酒，斟茶 pour wine, tea;
斟滿 pour a cup full.
(2) To gauge or consider course and extent of action: 斟酌 jen-juor↓;
斟量，斟議，細斟 carefully consider.

Words 1. 斟酌 jen-juor, v.i. & t., to consider carefully, deliberate (course of action): 斟酌情形辦理 act after full consideration of actual situation.

斠 Num. Index: 20S.10-1 jiauh .

N. A strickle;
a grain measure.

V.t. (1) To level a measure of grain with a strickle.
(2) To measure (grain).

難 Num. Index: 20S.11-9 narn (*nahn ).

N. (*nahn) Calamity, disaster, difficulty, hindrance, impediment: 國難 national crisis;
大難不死 escape from death in a great catastrophe;
災難 natural disaster;
患難（之交） (friends in) adversity;
遇難 die a tragic death;
逃難 take refuge in a safe place;
冒險犯難 run risks to overcome obstacles;
克難 overcome diffculties;
難民 nahn-mirn↓;
難胞 nahn-bau↓;
臨難 on the verge of death, at the most critical moment;
落難 fallen upon evil days, in dire circumstances.

V.t. (*nahn) (1) Make difficult, confront with obstacles: 難住了 be confounded, stymied in argument;
難不住 cannot confound by argument.
(2) To ask, discuss, rebuke: 問難 have discussion with (s.o.) on doubtful points;
責難 to rebuke, find fault with.

Adj. Not easy, hard, difficult: 難以 narn-yii↓;
難乎為繼 difficult to follow up brilliant example of predecessor;
艱難 hard to do, hard up, difficult;
困難 (kuhn-’nan) difficult, -ty (of work, questions, etc.);
難上加難 doubly difficult;
難能可貴 (of things or actions) exceptionably commendable;
難兄難弟 (of brothers) equally brilliant or talented;
難纏 hard to get along with;
難產 narn-chaan↓;
難處 narn-chuu↓;
難說話兒 difficult to talk with or deal with;
難題 narn-tir↓;
難關 narn-guan↓;
難事 a difficult matter or job;
難字 an unfamiliar word;
難色 reluctant looks;
面有難色 appear to be reluctant;
difficult to: 難買難賣 a hard bargain;
難懂 hard to understand;
難明 hard to be cleat about;
難容 hard to put up with, inexcusable.

Adv. (1) Scarcely, hardly, oft. with negative sense: 難免 hardly escape=cannot escape, see 難免 narn-miaan↓;
難堪 narn-kan↓;
難怪 little wonder that;
難得 narn-der, 難保 narn-baau↓;
難憑 undependable;
空口難憑 oral promise is not enough;
難忍 unbearable;
難耐 difficult to endure;
難受 narn-shouh↓;
難說 difficult to say, also “you don’t mean to say”;
難道 narn-dauh↓.
(2) Narn+vbb. forming adjj., meaning “bad”: 難聽，難看，難吃，難聞 not good to hear, look at, eat, smell, see narn-ting, narn-kahn, narn-chy, narn-wern↓.

Words 1. 難保 narn-baau, v.i., difficult to ensure (success) or to say for sure: 難保他不透漏秘密 difficult to guarantee that he will not leak out the secret.
2. 難胞 *nahn-bau, n., fellow citizen(s) in distress, (euphem.) refugees.
3. 難產 narn-chaan, n., (of childbirth) difficult labor.
4. 難處 narn-chuu, (1) adj., difficult to deal with, or get along with;
5. 難處 (2) (narn-’chu) n., difficulties;
6. 難處 (3) (*nahn-’chu) n., disaster, predicament: 大家都在難處 everybody is in an awkward predicament.
7. 難吃 narn-chy, adj., unpalatable (food).
8. 難道 narn-dauh, v.i., could be, used in rhetorical questions: 難道說 could it be said that…? you don’t mean to say;
9. 難道 narn-dauh, v.i., 難道是 could it possibly be that…?
10. 難得 narn-der, adj., phr., hard to get, hard to meet with or come by, rare, exceptionally fine: 這個人很難得 (praise) difficult to find one like him or to replace him.
11. 難關 narn-guan, n., a critical situation, crisis: 過 or 度過難關 pass through crisis.
12. 難過 narn-guoh, adj., (1) uncomfortable: 肚子有點難過 feeling somewhat uncomfortable in the stomach;
13. 難過 narn-guoh, adj., (2) in straitened circumstances: 日子難過 being in desperate straits, hard up;
14. 難過 narn-guoh, adj., (3) distressed: 心况很難過 feeling very uncomfortable, very sorry.
15. 難看 narn-kahn, adj., ugly, disgraceful-looking (appearance).
16. 難堪 narn-kan, adj., unbearable: 令人難堪 embarrassing to people.
17. 難免 narn-miaan, v.i., cannot help: 難免失望 could not help feeling disappointed.
18. 難民 *nahn-mirn, n., refugees.
19. 難受 narn-shouh, adj., (1) unbearable: (2) distressed, anguished.
20. 難聽 narn-ting, adj., unpleasant (music, sound);
21. 難聽 narn-ting, adj., embarrassing (remark), repulsive (words).
22. 難題 narn-tir (*nahn-tir), n., a difficult topic to write on, a hard nut to crack;
23. 難題 narn-tir (*nahn-tir), n., a difficult problem.
24. 難為 narn-’wei, v.t., (1) make it difficult for (s.o.), embarrass: 你別再難為他了 don’t you ever embarrass him again;
25. 難為 narn-’wei, v.t., (2) thank (s.o.) for any trouble: 難為你跑了大半天替我拿來 thank you so much for spending so much time to bring it to me;
26. 難為 narn-’wei, v.t., 難為了你 thank you so much for the trouble;
27. 難為 narn-’wei, v.t., (3) express sympathy to (s.o.) for anything unfortunate: 難為你受了這許多誤解 it is hard on you to have been so much misunderstood;
28. 難為 narn-’wei, v.t., (4) v.i., express appreciation: 這麼冷天，難為你想著來 you have been so good to think of coming in such cold weather.
29. 難為情 narn-weir-chirng, v.i., be shy: 他怕難為情不敢開口 he is too shy to speak out.
30. 難聞 narn-wern, adj., ill-smelling, stinking.
31. 難以 narn-yii, adj., hard to, not easy to: 難以相信 unbelievable (lit., difficult to believe);
32. 難以 narn-yii, adj., 難以決定 hard to decide;
33. 難以 narn-yii, adj., 難以出口 too embarrassing to say it.

邯 Num. Index: 20S.22-3 harn .

Words 1. 邯鄲 Harn-dan, n., (AC) capital of Chao, famous for its beautiful women.

鄞 Num. Index: 20S.22-3 yirn .

N. 鄞縣 name of a county (＝寧波 Ningpo).

斯 Num. Index: 20S.22-9 sy .

N. A surname.

Pron. & adj. (LL) this: 斯人，斯土 this person, this land;
生於斯 was born here;
如斯 like this (＝如此).

Adv. & conj. Then: 有目斯能視 having eyes, then one can see.

Words 1. 斯文 sy-wern, (1) adj., cultured, refined (person);
2. 斯文 sy-wern, (2) n., the educated class: 斯文敗類 person who is a disgrace to the educated class;
3. 斯文 sy-wern, (3) a national tradition of cultured: 天之未喪斯文 if God does not wish this cultural tradition to perish.

斮 Num. Index: 20S.22-9 juor .

V.t. (AC) to chop;
to scrape off (fish scales).

期 Num. Index: 20S.42-4 chir (dial. *chiji ).

N. (1) A period of time: 時期已到 time is drawing near, also it is time;
期日 or 日期 date set;
定期 fixed period: 定期刊物 periodical;
週期 weekly;
學期 school semester;
假期 holidays;
期約 dated appointment;
期會 regular meeting (every Wednesday, etc.);
期滿 or 滿期 period expires;
到期 at the appointed time, time set or time of maturity;
延期 extend time limit;
過期 past expiration of date;
後會有期 we’ll meet again.
(2) (*ji) A year: 期年，期服 ji-niarn, ji-fur↓.

V.i. & t. To hope, expect, wait: 期望，期待，期許 chir-wahng, chir-daih, chir-shyuu↓;
勝利可期 victory may be expected;
以期 in order that …may: 以期完成 in order that it may be completed;
期＋vb., hope to.

Words 1. 期期 chir-chir, adv., (AC) allu. to an example of stuttering: 期期以為不可 (LL) just won’t do.
2. 期待 chir-daih, v.i. & t., to wait in hope.
3. 期服 *ji-fur, n., one-year mourning;
4. 期服 *ji-fur, n., 期又三月 in mourning one year and three months.
5. 期貨 chir-huoh, n., goods promised to be delivered on fixed date.
6. 期間 chir-jian, n., period.
7. 期考 chir-kaau, n., semester examinations.
8. 期刊 chir-kan, n., a periodical (weekly, etc.).
9. 期年 *ji-niarn, adv., one year.
10. 期票 chir-piauh, n., time draft, post-dated check.
11. 期限 chir-shiahn, n., a limit of time.
12. 期許 chir-shyuu, v.i., expect to, be expected to.
13. 期望 chir-wahng, v.i. & t., to hope+vb. or n.
14. 期頤 chir-yir, adj., (LL of person) a hundred years old.
15. 期月 *ji-yueh, adv., (AC) one year, or month: 期月可也 a year or so will do;
16. 期月 *ji-yueh, adv., 不能期月守也 cannot maintain it for a month.

勘 Num. Index: 20S.50-9 kahn (*kan ).

V.t. (1) To examine officially and pass judgement: 察勘 examine on the spot;
勘問，推勘 crossexamine;
勘斷 determine officially;
勘破 discover (mistakes) under examination.
(2) (*kan) To proofread: 校勘，校勘記 notes on variants in texts;
勘正，勘誤 to proofread, correct printing errors.

Words 1. 勘察 kahn-char, v.t., examine on the spot;
2. 勘察 kahn-char, v.t., investigate (facts).
3. 勘度 kahn-duh, v.t., see kahn-liarng↑.
4. 勘合 kahn-her, v.t., to match part of official seal with another document for authenticity, esp. in mil. orders.
5. 勘量 kahn-liarng, v. t., survey (land).
6. 勘測 kahn-tseh, v.t., see kahn-liarng↑.
7. 勘誤 kahn-wuh (*kan-wuh), v.i. & n., amend errors in text;
8. 勘誤 kahn-wuh (*kan-wuh), v.i. & n., such amendments;
9. 勘誤 kahn-wuh (*kan-wuh), v.i. & n., 勘誤表 errata, list of corrections of error.
10. 勘驗 kahn-yahn, v.t., to examine on the spot (land);
11. 勘驗 kahn-yahn, v.t., perform autopsy.

勤 Num. Index: 20S.50-9 chirn .

N. Department of work, its worker: 勤務 chirn-wuh↓;
內勤 office work;
外勤 field work involving running around;
出勤 go out on field duty;
值勤 during hours of duty;
聯勤總部 Combined Service Forces General Headquarters.

V.t. Be diligent at: 勤政 diligently attending to government arffairs;
勤民 diligently attend to people’s welfare;
勤王 chirn-warng↓.

Adj. & adv. (1) Diligent, industrious, hard-working: 勤學 study hard.
(2) Attentive, earnest, anxious to please: 殷勤，獻殷勤 to court a lady, to do everything to please (also wr. 慇懃).

Words 1. 勤惰 chirn-duoh, n., degree of hard work or laziness.
2. 勤儉 chirn-jiaan (chirn-jiahn), adj. & n., industry and thrift;
3. 勤儉 chirn-jiaan (chirn-jiahn), adj. & n., hardworking and thrifty.
4. 勤謹 chirn-jiin, adj., dutiful and careful in work.
5. 勤懇 chirn-keen, adj., earnest and assiduous.
6. 勤快 chirn-kuaih, adj., efficient (at work).
7. 勤苦 chirn-kuu, adj., hard-working, sparing no energy, diligent.
8. 勤勞 chirn-laur, adj., hard-working, busy, indefatigable.
9. 勤力 chirn-lih, adj., diligent, industrious.
10. 勤勉 chirn-miaan, adj., earnest (at work).
11. 勤王 chirn-warng, phr., to serve the royal house;
12. 勤王 chirn-warng, phr., to send troops to support king when the latter is in trouble.
13. 勤務 chirn-wuh, n., military logistic support;
14. 勤務 chirn-wuh, n., ground crew for air force;
15. 勤務 chirn-wuh, n., person so employed;
16. 勤務 chirn-wuh, n., 勤務兵 an orderly in army.

勱 Num. Index: 20S.50-9 maih .

V.i. To strive forward (related 邁 20A.83).

勸 Num. Index: 20S.50-9 chyuahn .

V.t. & t. (1) To persuade: 勸不了，勸不動 cannot persuade (s.o.);
把他們勸開 break up fight, quarrel between them;
勸勸他 try to persuade him;
勸慰 to comfort one in distress or anger;
勸善，勸人為善 exhort one to go the right way, to do good;
勸戒，勸告 chyuahn-jieh, chyuahn-gauh↓.
(2) To encourage: 勸勉 chyuahn-miaan↓.

Words 1. 勸酬 chyuahn-chour, v.i., urge to drink, gather for drink.
2. 勸導 chyuahn-daau, v.i. & t., to urge, exhort.
3. 勸告 chyuahn-gauh, v.t., to exhort by friend, teacher or government, to persuade by gentle advice;
4. 勸告 chyuahn-gauh, n., exhortation.
5. 勸和 chyuahn-her, v.t., to offer services for reconcilliation.
6. 勸化 chyuahn-huah, v.i., (1) to urge one to do good;
7. 勸化 chyuahn-huah, v.i., to convert others;
8. 勸化 chyuahn-huah, v.i., (2) to solicit contributions for temple.
9. 勸誨 chyuahn-hueei, v.i. & t., to teach, exhort.
10. 驚架 chyuahn-jiah¹, see chyuahn-her↑.
11. 勸駕 chyuahn-jiah², v.t., to help persuade one to accept invitation or post.
12. 勸諫 chyuahn-jiahn, v.t., to advise and admonish against.
13. 勸戒 chyuahn-jieh, v.i. & t., to exhort against (lawlessness, smoke, drink, etc.).
14. 勸進 chyuahn-jihn, v.i., formerly, (associates or ministers) make formal appeal for s.o. to mount the throne.
15. 勸酒 chyuahn-jioou, v.i., urge to drink.
16. 勸捐 chyuahn-jyuan, v.i., to solicit contributions.
17. 勸勉 chyuahn-miaan, v.i. & t., to urge and encourage.
18. 勸募 chyuahn-muh, v.i., see chyuahn-jyuan↑.
19. 勸說 chyuahn-shuo, v.t., try to persuade (s.o.).
20. 勸世 chyuahn-shyh, v.i., gen. homily on morals.
21. 勸誘 chyuahn-youh, v.t., to win over by gentle persuasion.

鵲 Num. Index: 20S.50-9 chyueh (also chiaau ).

N. The magpie: 喜鵲 the magpie whose cry is supposed to bring good news;
鵲巢鳩佔 phr., allu., the turtledove occupies magpie’s nest－take what is not one’s own;
鵲笑鳩舞 great joy among the people.

Words 1. 鵲報 chyueh-bauh, n., harbinger of joy.
2. 鵲橋 chyueh-chiaur, n., (myth.) on 7th day of 7th lunar month, the magpies spread their wings together to form a bridge, enabling the lovers in heaven (cowherd and spinter) to meet that night, see 織 ^ 女 93B.71.
3. 鵲起 chyueh-chii, n., (AC) (of reputation) to rise rapidly.
4. 鵲豆 chyueh-douh, n., (bot.) a flat bean, Dolichos cultratus.
5. 鵲鏡 chyueh-jihng, n., anc. bronze mirror with magpie design on back.

鸛 Num. Index: 20S.50-9 guahn .

N. (Zoo.) the crane, the stork.