覯 Num. Index: 20S.70-4 gouh .

V.t. (AC) to see.

覲 Num. Index: 20S.70-4 jiin (also jihn ).

V.t. Have an audience with (a ruler): 朝覲，覲見 be formally received (by a sovereign).

觀 Num. Index: 20S.70-4 guan (*guahn ).

N. (1) View, sight, range of vision: 壯觀 a grand view;
奇觀 a spectacular sight;
洋洋大觀 an imposing array of anything;
美觀 aesthetic beauty, beautiful or attractive looks.
(2) A mental concept, notion, idea: 主觀，客觀 subjective, -ity, objective, -ity;
觀念 guan-niahn, 觀點 guan-diaan↓;
樂觀 optimism;
悲觀 pessimism;
達觀 freedom from worldly worries, supreme unconcern for fame, honor or riches, detachment, spiritual serenity;
作如是觀 let the matter be viewed in this light.
(3) (*guahn) A Taoist temple: 道觀.
(4) (*guahn, rare) An open-air terrace.

V.t. Behold, observe: 觀看 take a look at;
觀覽 guan-laan, 觀賞 guan-shaang↓;
參觀 to visit (school, hospital), inspect;
縱觀 make a gen. observation of (universe, gen. situation);
觀觀 to watch silently, (Budd.) meditation on life;
旁觀 to watch from the sidelines;
袖手旁觀 look on with folded arms;
明若觀火 very clear-sighted as viewing a fire, also very clear;
觀光 guan-guang↓.

Words 1. 觀察 guan-char, (1) v.t., to look into, observe, -ation: 據我觀察 according to my observation;
2. 觀察 guan-char, v.t., 政治觀察家 a political observer;
3. 觀察 guan-char, v.t., 觀察員 an observer (at conference);
4. 觀察 guan-char, (2) n., formerly, a district superintendent.
5. 觀點 guan-diaan, n., standpoint, point of view: 觀點不同 difference in viewpoint.
6. 觀風 guan-feng, v.i., (1) look for an opportunity to do s.t.;
7. 觀風 guan-feng, v.i., (2) observe the custom and habits of a country or locality;
8. 觀風 guan-feng, v.i., (3) formerly, to set questions to government students, as indication of standards;
9. 觀風 guan-feng, v.i., (4) stand watch for s.t.: 我這况與你兩個觀風 I’ll be keeping watch here for you two (also 把風).
10. 觀感 guan-gaan, n., observations and comments.
11. 觀光 guan-guang, v.t., (1) visit as a tourist, make sight-seeing trip;
12. 觀光 guan-guang, v.t., (2) make a tour: 觀光客 tourist;
13. 觀光 guan-guang, v.t., 觀光事業 the tourist business.
14. 觀瞻 guan-jan, n., (of things) outward appearance: 有礙觀瞻 to present an ugly or unpleasant appearance;
15. 觀瞻 guan-jan, n., 觀瞻所在 concerns appearance to visitors.
16. 觀眾 guan-juhng, n., the audience.
17. 觀止 guan-jyy, n., the last word of perfection: 歎為觀止 what perfection! nothing could be better!
18. 觀覽 guan-laan, v.i. & t., to view at leisure (a book, art, landscape).
19. 觀摩 guan-mor, v.t., to study and fondle (works of art).
20. 觀念 guan-niahn, n., an idea, notion, concept: 舊觀念 old ideas;
21. 觀念 guan-niahn, n., 新觀念 new ideas.
22. 觀賞 guan-shaang, v.t., to enjoy by sight (view, flower, art, literature).
23. 觀象 guan-shiahng, v.i., make astronomical observations;
24. 觀象 guan-shiahng, v.i., 觀象臺 observatory.
25. 觀測 guan-tseh, v.t., prognosticate through careful observation.
26. 觀望 guan-wahng, v.i., (1) take a wait-and-see attitude;
27. 觀望 guan-wahng, v.i., (2) be hesitant.
28. 觀音 Guan-yin, n., (Budd.) the Goddess of Mercy (usu. spelled Kwanyin): 觀音菩薩 the Kwan-yin boddhisattva;
29. 觀音 Guan-yin, n., 美的像觀音似的 as beautiful as the Goddess of Mercy;
30. 觀音 Guan-yin, n., 觀音兜 (Guan-yin-dou), formerly, a woman’s soft, warm shawl reaching down to the shoulders, (lit.) a cowl like that worn by the Goddess of Mercy;
31. 觀音 Guan-yin, n., 觀音粉 Guan-yin-feen, n., a white clayish substance oft. used by people as food during famine (also called 觀音土).

戡 Num. Index: 20S.71-7 kan .

V.t. To quell (rebellion): 戡平，戡亂 restore peace and order in rebellious districts, pacify country.

顢 Num. Index: 20S.80-3 marn (sp. pr. man ).

Words 1. 顢頇 marn-han, adj. & adv., thoughtless, -ly, sometimes shameless, -ly;
2. 顢頇 marn-han, adj. & adv., stupid and confused, also 顢况顢頇 marn-’li-marn-han.

顴 Num. Index: 20S.80-3 chyuarn .

N. Cheekbone.

欺 Num. Index: 20S.81-9 chi .

V.i & t. (1) To cheat (person): 欺騙，欺詐 chi-piahn, chi-jah, etc.↓;
自欺欺人 to cheat oneself and others, to believe one’s own lies;
欺世盜名 win popularity by cheap means, unsound scholarship.
(2) To bully, humiliate, browbeat: 欺負 chi-fu↓;
欺善怕惡，欺軟怕硬 to be a bully.

Words 1. 欺負 chi-’fu, v.t., to take advantage of (people);
2. 欺負 chi-’fu, v.t., to browbeat, humiliate.
3. 欺和 chi-’huo, v.i., to knit (brows): 眉毛眼睛都欺和到一塊兒 one’s brows and eyes screw up together.
4. 欺誑 chi-kuarng, v.t., to cheat.
5. 欺詐 chi-jah, (1) v.t., to cheat;
6. 欺詐 chi-jah, (2) adj., deceitful.
7. 欺陵 chi-lirng, v.t., to browbeat.
8. 欺謾 chi-marn, v.t. & adj., see chi-merng↓.
9. 欺朦 chi-merng, v.t. & adj., cheat, -ing, deceitful.
10. 欺騙 chi-piahn, v.t., to cheat.
11. 欺心 chi-shin, adj., dishonest.
12. 欺罔 chi-waang, v.t. & adj., to cheat, deceitful.
13. 欺侮 chi-wuu, v.t., to browbeat, bumiliate.
14. 欺壓 chi-ya, v.t., see chi-wuu↑.

歎 Num. Index: 20S.81-9 tahn . [Interch. 嘆 40S.81]

V.i. Sigh (in despair or admiration): 歎一口氣 give a sigh;
長歎 give a deep sigh;
哀歎，悲歎 sigh in sorrow;
感歎 feel deeply about s.t.;
歎惜，歎惋 regret;
歎羨，讚歎，歎服 give sigh of admiration;
可歎 alas!

Words 1. 歎氣 tahn-chih, n. & v.i., (give) a sigh.
2. 歎號 tahn-hauh, n., (punctuation) exclamation mark.
3. 歎賞 tahn-shaang, v.t., to admire.
4. 歎息 tahn-shir, v.i., sigh, sigh audibly: 長歎息 give a long sigh.
5. 歎詞 tahn-tsyr, n., (gram.) exclamation.

歡 Num. Index: 20S.81-9 huan .

N. (1) Joy, see 歡樂 huan-leh↓.
(2) Love, esp. sexual union: 偷歡 secret lovers’ union;
尋歡，貪歡 seek joys of lovers’ union;
求歡 ask for sexual union.
(3) A surname.

V.i & t. (1) (LL) to love: 男歡女愛 man and woman in passion of love;
to like as favorite: 所歡 be favorite, lover.
(2) To enjoy: 歡喜 huan-shii↓.

Adj. & adv. Joyful, huan-ly, happy, -ily: 歡欣，歡樂，歡笑 huan-shin, huan-leh, huan-shiauh↓;
歡天喜地 overjoyed;
歡宴 dinner on some happy occasion;
歡聚，歡敘 happy reunion, also meet happily together.

Words 1. 歡忭 huan-biahn¹, adj., (LL) happy, overjoyed.
2. 歡抃 huan-biahn², v.i., clap hands for joy.
3. 歡呼 huan-hu, v.i., shout, cheer: 歡呼萬歲 shout banzai.
4. 歡會 huan-hueih, n., a happy reunion.
5. 歡虎兒 huan-huu-’l, n., (coll.) “happy cub” (of children jumping about): 這個小孩子歡虎兒似的 this child is as happy and gay as a puppy.
6. 歡樂 huan-leh, adj., happy, delighted, enjoying oneself.
7. 歡龍 huan-lurng, n., (coll.) “happy dragon”—frolicsome child, see huan-huu-’l↑.
8. 歡笑 huan-shiauh, v.i., laugh heartily.
9. 歡喜 huan-shii, (1) adj., happy, delighted;
10. 歡喜 huan-shii, (2) v.t., to like a person: 我歡喜她 I like her—euphem. for “I love her”;
11. 歡喜 huan-shii, v.t., 歡喜錢兒 tips to servants on celebrations;
12. 歡喜 huan-shii, v.t., 歡喜佛 (Lama Budd.) image of spirits in sexual embrace, understood as a god subjugating a demon.
13. 歡心 huan-shin¹, (1) adj., joyful;
14. 歡心 huan-shin¹, (2) v.t., to love (person);
15. 歡心 huan-shin¹, (3) n., love.
16. 歡欣 huan-shin², adj., to be exultant: 歡欣鼓舞 dance for joy.
17. 歡敘 huan-shyuh, v.i. & n., (meet for) happy reunion.
18. 歡送 huan-suhng, v.t., to give send-off party;
19. 歡送 huan-suhng, v.t., 歡送會 farewell party.
20. 歡迎 huan-yirng, v.t., to welcome (person, new publication, criticism, etc.): 受人歡迎 (of magazine, book) is well-liked, popular.
21. 歡悅 huan-yueh¹, adj., pleased.
22. 歡躍 huan-yueh², v.i., jump for joy.
23. 歡娛 huan-yur, v.i., to enjoy oneself.

散 Num. Index: 20S.82-9 sahn (*saan ).

N. (*saan) Medicinal powder (cf. 丹，膏，丸).

V.i & t. (1) (sahn or *saan) Spread out, scatter: 散開 (clouds, crowd) disperse;
人散了 people have gone away, left meeting;
分散 scatter about;
聚散 (friends, relatives) separation and reunion.
(2) Dismiss, stop (meeting, etc.): 散會，會散了 meeting adjourned;
散學 after school;
戲散了 play has ended and people are coming out;
散工 work hours terminated;
散坐 formula inviting guests to leave table after dinner.

Adj. (1) (*saan) Scattered, dispersed, not in group: 散卒，散兵 stray soldiers after defeat;
散帙 odd volumes;
散散落落 scattered about;
散漫 sahn-mahn↓.
(2) (*saan) Relaxed, carefree: 散逸，散蕩 sahn-yih, sahn-dahng↓;
閒散 free, relaxed (time);
散人 a person not harnessed with duties;
散才，散儒 (AC) unconventional scholar.
(3) (*saan) Random, unclassified, without rank: 散職 saan-jyr↓;
散座兒 orchestra seats in theater, opp. 包廂 box seats.

Words 1. 散兵線 *saan-bing-shiahn, v.i. & n., (mil.) to defile, march in single file or in files;
2. 散兵線 *saan-bing-shiahn, v.i. & n., defilade.
3. 散佈 sahn-buh¹, v.t., scatter (gossip, etc.).
4. 散步 sahn-buh², v.i., to take a stroll, also 散散步.
5. 散㪫 sahn-chaang, v.i., play ends and people file out.
6. 散曲 *sarn-chyuu, n.,(Yuarn Dyn.) plays containing songs without dialogue.
7. 散淡 *saan-dahn, v.i., to relax, have a recreation: 散淡散淡一下 (MC) (also wr. 散誕).
8. 散蕩 *saan-dahng, v.i., see *saan-dahn↑.
9. 散髮 sahn-faa(sarn-faa), v.i., to wear dishevelled hair.
10. 散光 sahn-guang (sp. pr. *saan-guang), adj., astigmatic (lens).
11. 散逛 *saan-’guang, v.i., take a stroll.
12. 散花 sahn-hua, v.i., to display textile flowers in Buddhist ceremony.
13. 散話 *saan-huah, n., idle talk.
14. 散鬨 sahn-huhng, v.t., to break up in disagreement.
15. 散夥 sahn-huoo, v.i., to break up partnership.
16. 散職 saan-jyr, n., official post without much work.
17. 散開 sahn-kai, v.i., to spread out, disperse.
18. 散落 sahn-luoh, v.i., (friends) disperse.
19. 散漫 sahn-mahn (*saan-mahn), adj., (thoughts) scattered, untidy, (writing) not tightly composed.
20. 散悶（兒） sahn-mehn(sahn-meh-’l) (also *saan-mehn (*saan-meh-’l), v.i., to have a recreation or distraction.
21. 散散的 sarn-saan-’de, (1) adv., leisurely, random;
22. 散散的 sarn-saan-’de, (2) v.i., 散散兒，散散心 to relax, take a stroll, have a change (distraction, etc.).
23. 散沙 *saan-sha, n., scattered sands;
24. 散沙 *saan-sha, n., (fig.) 一盤散沙 lacking spirit of cooperation.
25. 散仙 *saan-shian, n., (Taoist) immortals without given post in heaven.
26. 散心 sahn-shin (*saan-shin), v.i, to relax by stroll or change of place, also 散散的 sarn-saan-’de↑.
27. 散失 sahn-shy, adj., get lost.
28. 散學館 saan-shyuer-guaan, n., formerly, private school.
29. 散攤子 sahn-tan-tz, v.i., (coll.) break up, see sahn-huoo↑.
30. 散做 saan-tzuoh, v.i., work for hire by the day (of workman, musician).
31. 散卒 saan-tzur, n., stray soldiers after defeat.
32. 散文 *saan-wern, n., prose;
33. 散文 *saan-wern, n., 散文詩 prose poem, free verse.
34. 散逸 saan-yih, adj., carefree.

敬 Num. Index: 20S.82-9 jihng .

N. (1) A gift, a present: 喜敬 a wedding present, usu. in cash;
茶敬 a money gift (“for buying tea”);
贄敬 a cash present to a teacher;
節敬 gifts presented to friends on festivals;
脈敬 (LL) fee paid to a doctor.
(2) A surname.

V.t. (1) To offer as a present: 敬酒 toast s.o.’s health;
敬茶 serve tea to guest;
敬煙 offer cigarettes;
敬香 burn incense at temple;
回敬 propose a toast in return.
(2) Show respect to: 致敬 pay respects to;
禮敬 show deference to;
敬老，敬長，敬師 respect the old, one’s elders, teachers;
敬神 to sacrifice to the gods;
敬鬼神而遠之 to act correctly to nasty people and keep them at arm’s length;
敬業樂群 study diligently and benefit by the company of friends;
失敬 fail to show due respect to;
可敬 (be) worthy of respect, respectable, venerable;
大不敬 guilty of serious disrespect, misdemeanor.

Adv. Solemnly, seriously, respectfully: 敬奉 jihng-fehng, 敬獻 jihng-shiahng, 敬贈 jihng-tzehng, 敬重 jihng-juhng, 敬仰 jihng-yaang↓;
恭敬 polite(ly);
敬啟，敬呈，敬稟 (of letters to superiors) respectfully written by…;
敬請，敬候 (phrr. used in complimentary close) “with best wishes for (your good health)”;
敬告 solemnly (seriously, respectfully) inform;
敬惜 save, economize (time, writing paper);
敬惜字紙 “don’t throw away scraps of paper that have been written on”(the Chin. people’s respect for the written word).

Words 1. 敬愛 jihng-aih, v.t., to love and respect.
2. 敬奉 jihng-fehng, v.t., to present (a gift) with compliments;
3. 敬奉 jihng-fehng, v.t., to receive letter or obey instructions from superior.
4. 敬服 jihng-fur, v.t., admire and respect.
5. 敬賀 jihng-heh, v.t., offer congratulations to, felicitate.
6. 敬祝 jihng-ju, v.t., ditto.
7. 敬重 jihng-juhng, v.t., to esteem highly, look up to with great respect.
8. 敬禮 jihng-lii, n., (1) gifts, presents;
9. 敬禮 jihng-lii, n., (2) ceremonial salutation;
10. 敬禮 jihng-lii, n., (3) respects paid by writer of letter to its recipient.
11. 敬佩 jihng-peih, v.t., see jihng-fur↑.
12. 敬獻 jihng-shiahng, v.t., to offer (a present) to a superior or elder.
13. 敬謝 jihng-shieh, phr., (1) “thank you so much”;
14. 敬謝 jihng-shieh, phr., (2) “I regret to decline your kind invitation”:敬謝不敏 regret being unable to comply with your request.
15. 敬頌 jihng-suhng, phr., “please accept my best wishes.”
16. 敬贈 jihng-tzehng, v.t., respectfully present(ed).
17. 敬畏 jihng-weih, v.t., hold in high esteem, to reverence (God).
18. 敬仰 jihng-yaang, v.t., have the highest admiration for (s.o.).
19. 敬意 jihng-yih, n., esteem, respects.

□ Num. Index: 20S.91-2 shiaan . [Pop. of 尟 41.83]

□ Num. Index: 21.00 nieh . [Pop. var. of 孽 20A.00]

N. One born of concubine.

Adj. Born of evil, illegal (offspring): □種 illegitimate child (abusive);
□因 sinful cause;
□子 child of sin.

櫱 Num. Index: 21.01 nieh . [Var. of 蘗 20A.01]

N. Sprout from chopped branch.

糱 Num. Index: 21.01 nieh . [Var. of 孽 20A.01]

N. Fermented rice.

祟 Num. Index: 21.01 sueih . [Dist. 崇 21.01]

N. An evil spirit: 作祟 (of devil) possessing (a person);
鬼祟 ghost, evil spirit.

Adj. & adv. 鬼鬼祟祟 (act) secretive, -ly, afraid of being seen.

崇 Num. Index: 21.01 churng .

N. A surname.

V.t. To worship, adore: 崇拜，崇奉 churng-baih, churng-fehng↓;
尊崇 respect (person, his wishes).

Adj. (LL) high, mighty, worthy of respect: 崇山，崇崖 high mountain, cliff;
崇論，崇論宏議 great essay or lofty exposition of point of view.

Words 1. 崇拜 churng-baih, n. & v.t., (to) worship, adore (God, a great person).
2. 崇奉 churng-fehng, v.t., to belong to (a certain church).
3. 崇閎 churng-hurng, adj., great (scholarship, point of view).
4. 崇朝 churng-jau, phr., (AC) all day: 誰謂宋遠，曾不崇朝 who says Suhng is distant? It can be reached in less than a day.
5. 崇敬 churng-jihng, v.t., to respect, adore (God, person).
6. 崇尚 churng-shahng, v.t., (1) see churng-baih↑;
7. 崇尚 churng-shahng, v.t., (2) to believe in, emphasize: 崇尚禮節，正義 emphasize form, justice.

槳 Num. Index: 21.01 jiaang .

N. An oar, a paddle.

彙 Num. Index: 21.01 hueih . [See 92.01]

裝 Num. Index: 21.02 juang .

N. Dress, outfit, attire: 服裝 dress, clothing;
男裝，女裝 man’s, ladies’ outfit;
盛裝，豔裝 (interch. □) in beautiful dress;
行裝 travelling outfit, also preparation for travel;
整裝 prepare, provide or adjust outfit.

V.i & t. (1) To dress up, trim, decorate: 裝束，裝飾 juang-shuh, juang-shyh↓.
(2) To furnish, fit out: 裝配，裝置 juang-peih, juang-jyh↓;
裝潢 juang-huarng↓.
(3) To pack, pack up, provide frame, case, etc.: 裝包，裝箱 juang-bau, juang-shiang↓;
裝裱 juang-biaau↓;
裝甲 juang-jiaa↓.
(4) To load: 裝載，裝運 juang-tzaih, juang-yuhn↓.
(5) To pretend, disguise: 裝假 juang-jiaa¹↓;
裝傻，裝憨兒 juang-shaa, juang-ha-’l↓;
裝 or 假裝不知 pretend not to know;
裝病 pretend illness;
裝門面 put up a front;
裝模作樣 assume airs, make pretense (of hard work, etc.);
裝瘋賣傻 to get away by pretending ignorance;
裝腔，裝幌子 juang-chiang, juang-huaang-tz↓.

Words 1. 裝扮 juang-bahn, n. & v.i., attire, array.
2. 裝包 juang-bau, v.t. & n., to pack, packing.
3. 裝裱 juang-biaau, v.t. & n., to mount (a scroll of painting);
4. 裝裱 juang-biaau, v.t. & n., mounting.
5. 裝腔 juang-chiang, v.i., to affect certain airs, esp. 裝腔作勢 assume airs of importance.
6. 裝訂 juang-dihng, n. & v.t., bookbinding;
7. 裝訂 juang-dihng, n. & v.t., to bind a book.
8. 裝裹 juang-’guo, n., the burial dress and ensemble.
9. 裝憨兒 juang-ha-’l, v.i., pretend not to understand.
10. 裝幌子 juang-huaang-tz, v.i., to put up a front, esp. false front, to put up a show to deceive.
11. 裝潢 juang-huarng, n. & v.t., furniture and decorations;
12. 裝潢 juang-huarng, n. & v.t., (to furnish with) handsome bookbinding.
13. 裝幀 juang-jehng, n., bookbinding;
14. 裝幀 juang-jehng, n., binding of scroll.
15. 裝假 juang-jiaa¹, v.t., to pretend.
16. 裝甲 juang-jiaa², v.i., to armor;
17. 裝甲車 juang-jiaa²-che, n., armored car;
18. 裝甲 juang-jiaa², n., 裝甲部隊 armored brigade or unit.
19. 裝置 juang-jyh, v.t. & n., arrange, -ment, set up (of hall, temple, room,etc.).
20. 裝老 juang-laau, n., see juang-’guo↑.
21. 裝殮 juang-liahn, n. & v.i., proper dress up of deceased and laying in coffin.
22. 裝配 juang-peih, v.t., to provide with accessories (hearing facilities, etc.);
23. 裝配 juang-peih, v.t., to decorate.
24. 裝傻 juang-shaa, v.i., pretend not to know or understand;
25. 裝傻 juang-shaa, v.i., get away thus.
26. 裝箱 juang-shiang, n. & v.i., case, box;
27. 裝箱 juang-shiang, n. & v.i., to pack (for shipment).
28. 裝修 juang-shiou, v.t., to repair (house, clock).
29. 裝束 juang-shuh, n. & v.i., attire.
30. 裝飾 juang-shyh, n. & v.t., to decorate, -tion;
31. 裝飾 juang-shyh, n. & v.t., 裝飾品 decorations.
32. 裝蒜 juang-suahn, v.i., (abuse) assume airs, put up false show.
33. 裝載 juang-tzaih, n. & v.t., a load;
34. 裝載 juang-tzaih, n. & v.t., to load.
35. 裝么 juang-yau, v.i., see juang-chiang↑.
36. 裝運 juang-yuhn, v.t. & n., transport, -ation;
37. 裝運 juang-yuhn, v.t. & n., 裝運公司 transportation company.

漿 Num. Index: 21.02 jiang . [Cf. 醬 jiahng , 21.41]

N. Any thick fluid: 豆漿 bean milk;
泥漿 mud, mire, slush;
漿糊 paste.

V.t. To starch (clothes) after washing.

Words 1. 漿果 jiang-guoo, n., berries.

彖 Num. Index: 21.02 tuahn . [Var. of □ 92.02]

岸 Num. Index: 21.10 ahn .

N. (1) River bank, seashore: 岸上 on the coast;
上岸 go on land from ship;
靠岸 alongshore;
彼岸 (Budd.) that shore of salvation;
回頭是岸 (Budd.) turn back and you are ashore (from sea of sorrows);
泊岸，隄岸 embankment.
(2) (AC) prison (cf. 犴 91C.10).

Adj. Towering.

Words 1. 岸然 ahn-rarn, adj., impressive: 道貌岸然 looking severe and solemn.
2. 岸幘 ahn-tzer, phr., (LL) to wear hat tilted back, revealing forehead.
3. 岸獄 ahn-yuh, n., (AC) prison (see 犴 91C.10).

㶴 Num. Index: 21.10 feng .

N. (1) Mountain peaks: 山㶴 mountain peaks;
高㶴 high peaks;
群㶴 group of mountain peaks;
孤㶴 a peak standing alone;
㶴嶺，㶴巒 peaks and hill crests.
(2) Pointed part;
乳㶴 nipple;
駝㶴 camel hump;
鼻㶴 tip of nose.

崒 Num. Index: 21.10 tzur .

V.i. 山冢崒崩 a landslide from the peak.

嵂 Num. Index: 21.10 lyuh .

Words 1. 嵂崒 lyuh-tzur, adj., (of mountains) steep and jagged.

崖 Num. Index: 21.11 yair .

N. Cliff, cliffside: 斷崖 overhanging cliff;
懸崖勒馬 draw up sharp on brink of catastrophe.

Adj. Steep, towering, rocky.

Words 1. 崖岸 yair-ahn, (1) n., steep bank;
2. 崖岸 yair-ahn, (2) adj., (LL) rigid, stiff, austere (conduct).
3. 崖谷 yair-guu, n., ravine.
4. 崖檢 yair-jiaan, adj., (LL) austere (conduct), stiff (exterior).
5. 崖略 yair-lyueh, n., outline, essential points.
6. 崖異 yair-yih, adj., (LL) maintaining a rigid front to be different from others.

崔 Num. Index: 21.11 tsuei .

N. A surname.

Adj. (AC) high, towering.

Words 1. 崔崔 tsuei-tsuei, adj., (AC) high, towering.
2. 崔巍 tsuei-weir, adj., towering (mountain, tall edifice).

山 Num. Index: 21.21 shan .

N. (1) A mountain, hill: 上山，爬山 climb mountain;
山居 to live in the mountains;
山窮水盡 come to a dead end;
山高水長 (fig.) lasting forever;
高山流水 descriptive of lofty music, symbol of lofty character;
山盟海誓 pledge of eternal love;
山水 shan-shueei↓;
山河 shan-her↓.
(2) Oft. attached to plant or animal names, indicating growing on the hills or wild variety, as 山蝙蝠，山扁豆;
otherwise, of the hills: 山公，山人，山胞 shan-gung, shan-rern, shan-bau↓.

Words 1. 山百合 shan-baai-her, n., (bot.) a variety of lily.
2. 山胞 shan-bau, n., polite term of reference to aboriginal mountain tribes in Formosa (胞=同胞).
3. 山崩 shan-beng, n., landslide.
4. 山茶 shan-char, n., (bot.) wild camelia.
5. 山妻 shan-chi¹, n., my rustic wife.
6. 山漆 shan-chi², n., a kind of lacquer tree, Rhus Trichocarpa.
7. 山牆 shan-chiarng, n., a high wall on the side of a house.
8. 山丘 shan-chiou, n., (1) a hillock;
9. 山丘 shan-chiou, n., (2) graveyard.
10. 山川 shan-chuan, n., mountains and streams;
11. 山川 shan-chuan, n., (fig.) gen. topography.
12. 山雀 shan-chyueh, n., (zoo.) a small bird which can be trained, Parus varius.
13. 山丹 shan-dan, n., the lily, Lilium concolor.
14. 山顛 shan-dian, n., mountain peak.
15. 山底兒 shan-diee-’l, n., a type of shoes with sturdy cloth soles for mountain roads.
16. 山地 shan-dih, n., mountainous country, aboriginal area: 山地人 aborigines.
17. 山頂兒 shan-diing-’l, n., mountain peak, hilltop.
18. 山斗 shan-doou, n., “the Taih mountain 泰山 and the Dipper 北斗”—symbol of persons looked up to with great respect.
19. 山兜 shan-dou, n., a mountain chair.
20. 山豆根 shan-douh-gen, n., (bot.) Euchresta japonica.
21. 山都 shan-du, n., a species of monkey in South China, Cynocephalus porcarius.
22. 山洞 shan-duhng, n., a cave in the mountains.
23. 山東 Shan-dung, n., Shantung Province.
24. 山阿 shan-e, n., a spur or turn in the mountains.
25. 山房 shan-farng, n., a lodge, oft. used poetically for studio right in the city.
26. 山㶴 shan-feng, n., mountain peak.
27. 山腹 shan-fuh, n., see shan-yau¹↓.
28. 山歌 shan-ge, n., folk song.
29. 山根 shan-gen, n., (1) foothill;
30. 山根 shan-gen, n., (2) (coll.) back of one’s neck;
31. 山根 shan-gen, n., (3) (fortunetelling) the bridge of the nose.
32. 山公 shan-gung, n., (coll.) monkey.
33. 山谷 shan-guu, n., a valley.
34. 山河 shan-her, n., (or 河山) general topography, also as symbol of love of one’s country: 山河變色 the country has fallen under foreign rule;
35. 山河 shan-her, n., 還我河山 “return us our country”—war cry for driving out foreign rulers.
36. 山畫眉 shan-huah-meir, n., the song thrush.
37. 山貨鋪 shan-huoh-puh, n., shop selling rustic articles of wood and bamboo.
38. 山洪 shan-hurng, n., swollen mountain stream.
39. 山長 shan-jaang, n., formerly, head of a college (書院).
40. 山楂 shan-’jar, n., the hill haw;
41. 山楂 shan-’jar, n., hawberry: 山楂糕 hawberry cake.
42. 山珍 shan-jen, n., as in 山珍海味 exotic delicacies from mountain and sea.
43. 山雞 shan-ji, n., the ringed pheasant.
44. 山腳 shan-jiaau, n., the foot or base of a hill
45. 山薑 shan-jiang, n., (bot.) Alpinia japonica.
46. 山脊 shan-jii, n., mountain ridge.
47. 山荊 shan-jing, n., see shan-chi¹↑.
48. 山茱萸 shan-ju-yur, n., (bot.) Cornus officinalis.
49. 山莊 shan-juang, n., a mountain lodge;
50. 山莊 shan-juang, n., a country villa.
51. 山君 shan-jyun, n., (coll.) the tiger, “King of the forests.”
52. 山口 shan-koou, n., a mountain pass.
53. 山嶺 shan-liing, n., a mountain range.
54. 山林 shan-lirn, n., forests;
55. 山林 shan-lirn, n., symbolic of retreat in the country.
56. 山陵 shan-lirng, n., (1) a plateau;
57. 山陵 shan-lirng, n., (2) a royal mausoleum.
58. 山貓 shan-mau, n., a wildcat, Felis microtis.
59. 山門 shan-mern, n., gate to a monastery.
60. 山民 shan-mirn, n., (1) oft. assumed poetic title for one supposed to be living in the country, whether so or not;
61. 山民 shan-mirn, n., (2) mountain tribe.
62. 山脈 shan-moh, n., mountain range.
63. 山柰 shan-naih, n., (bot.) Kaempferia galanga.
64. 山砲 shan-pauh, n., a howitzer.
65. 山坡（兒）（子） shan-po(’l)(’tz), n., a slope.
66. 山人 shan-rern, n., (1) assumed title for recluse, whether so or not;
67. 山人 shan-rern, n., (2) pretentious title of astrologer and others communing with the spirits.
68. 山神 shan-shen, n., a spirit of the mountain.
69. 山西 Shan-shi, n., Shansi Province.
70. 山向（兒） shan-shiahng(’l), n., the facing direction of a grave.
71. 山魈 shan-shiau, n., the mandrill monkey, Cynocephalus mormon.
72. 山系 shan-shih, n., mountain system.
73. 山水 shan-shueei, n., landscape, landscape painting;
74. 山水 shan-shueei, n., 山水畫 ditto.
75. 山頹 shan-tuei, n., phr., 山頹木壞 allu. referring to death of Confucius or a sage.
76. 山頭 shan-tour, n., hilltop.
77. 山兔 shan-tuh, n., the Mongolian hare.
78. 山子石兒 shan-tz-sher-’l, n., a rockery in Chin. garden.
79. 山嘴 shan-tzueei, n., the spur of a hill.
80. 山□ shan-wuh, n., a nook in the hills.
81. 山巖 shan-yarn, n., a cliff.
82. 山羊 shan-yarng, n., the goat, Capra hircus.
83. 山腰 shan-yau¹, n., halfway up a hill.
84. 山藥 shan-’yau², n., the yam.
85. 山野 shan-yee, n., the countryside.
86. 山園 shan-yuarn, n., (AC) mausoleum.
87. 山岳 shan-yueh, n., a sacred mountain, symbol of strength (also wr. 嶽).
88. 山芋 shan-yuh, n., the sweet potato (also called 地瓜).
89. 山榆 shan-yur, n., (bot.) a variety of elm.

出 Num. Index: 21.21 chu .

V.i. (1) To go out, come out, leave (v.t.), opp. 入 ruh, go in, come in: 出入 chu-ruh↓;
出去，出來 chu-’chyuh, chu-lair↓;
出門，出行，出外 chu-mern, chu-shirng, chu-waih↓;
出奔，出走 chu-ben, chu-tzoou↓;
出爾反爾 promise and then deny in succession.
(2) To appear: 出現，出沒 chu-shiahn, chu-moh↓;
雪花六出 snow crystals appear hexagonal.
(3) To stand out: 出色 chu-seh↓;
出類拔萃 stand out among others;
出人頭地 ditto;
出乎意料，出人意表 go beyond expectations, come as a surprise.

V.t. (1) To produce, issue, beget: 出產，出品 chu-’chaan, chu-piin↓;
出於，出自 come from;
出自山東 (goods) come from Shantung;
出於至情 come from natural affection;
出生 chu-sheng²↓;
所出 was born by s.o., 愛如己出 love (child) like one’s own;
出芽 send forth sprout.
(2) To grow (pimples, etc.), to meet with s.t. unpleasant or have it occur: 出痲疹，出天花 to have measles, smallpox;
出事 chu-shyh⁵↓;
出亂子，出摟子 be found out and run into trouble;
出凶案 have a murder case;
出新聞 get into the papers;
出笑話 become a joke;
出醜 chu-choou↓.
(3) To leave: 出國 go abroad;
出世 (religious attitude) leave the secular world, opp. 入世 take part in human community;
出口 chu-koou↓;
出門 chu-mern↓.
(4) (Often as vb. prefix, like “out-come,” “outpour” in Eng.) to send out, pay out, rent out, etc.: 出錢 provide the money;
出力 chu-lih↓;
出火，出氣 chu-huoo, chu-chih↓;
出納 chu-nah↓;
出租 rent out;
出讓，出賣 offer for sale;
支出 pay out;
出妻 to divorce wife;
出兵，出師 chu-bing, chu-shy↓.

Adv. Out: 拿出，取出 take out;
送出 send out;
倒出 pour out;
放出 let out;
speak out, etc. (in all cases, 出來 or 出去 is commonly used in place of 出, see 出來，出去 chu-lair, chu-’chyuh↓).

Words 1. 出版 chu-baan, v.t., to publish: ××出版 (s.t.) published by certain company;
2. 出版 chu-baan, v.t., 出版物 chu-baan-wuh, n., publications.
3. 出榜 chu-baang, v.i., publish list of successful candidates at examinations.
4. 出奔 chu-ben, v.i., to leave country as political refugee.
5. 出殯 chu-bihn, v.i., to hold funeral procession.
6. 出兵 chu-bing, v.i., to march army for battle.
7. 出產 chu-’chaan, (1) v.t., to produce (farm, factory goods);
8. 出產 chu-’chaan, (2) n., production, products.
9. 出岔兒 chu-chah-’l, v.i., run into trouble.
10. 出差 chu-chai, v.i., leave capital on official mission;
11. 出差 chu-chai, v.i., be sent out on special errand;
12. 出差 chu-chai, v.i., go on field trip.
13. 出場 chu-charng, v.i., to appear on stage or contest field.
14. 出超 chu-chau, n., (have) favorable balance of trade;
15. 出超 chu-chau, n., excess of export over import.
16. 出塵 chu-chern, (1) v.i., (Budd.) leave the secular world;
17. 出塵 chu-chern, (2) adj., (writing, ideas) far above the common run.
18. 出妻 chu-chi, v.i., to divorce wife.
19. 出錢 chu-chiarn, v.i., provide the funds.
20. 出氣 chu-chih, v.i., to vent one’s spleen.
21. 出奇 chu-chir, adj. & adv., surprising, -ly: 出奇制勝 win by novelty or by surprise attack: 壞得出奇 surprisingly bad.
22. 出勤 chu-chirn, v.i., be sent out on an errand.
23. 出醜 chu-choou, v.i., expose one’s weak points;
24. 出醜 chu-choou, v.i., (oft. court. selfreference) to perform.
25. 出出幵 chu-chu-’je, adj., (house beam, etc.) projecting out.
26. 出處 chu-chuh, n., (1) (Confu.) some moral principle by which a Confu. scholar joins or resigns from an office;
27. 出處 chu-chuh, n., (2) (also chu-’chu) source for litr. allusion or reference.
28. 出圈兒 chu-chyua-’l, v.i., do s.t. slightly irregular or beyond bounds.
29. 出去 chu-’chyuh, (1) v.i., go out;
30. 出去 chu-’chyuh, (2) (chu-’chuchuyuh) adv., out (away from speaker, cf. chu-lair): 說出去不好聽 it will sound bad to have this known;
31. 出去 chu-’chyuh, 放不出去 cannot let go.
32. 出缺 chu-chyue, v.i., leave a vacancy;
33. 出缺 chu-chyue, v.i., specifically die during office.
34. 出倒 chu-daau, v.i., (coll.) see chu-rahng↓.
35. 出頂 chu-diing, v.i., see chu-rahng↓.
36. 出痘 chu-douh, v.i., to have smallpox.
37. 出隊 chu-dueih, v.i., (army units) start off.
38. 出動 chu-duhng, v.i., (of groups, mil. units) to start out on expedition.
39. 出發 chu-fa, v.i., to start (as on outing);
40. 出發 chu-fa, v.i., 出發點 point of departure.
41. 出風頭 chu-feng-’tou, v.i., to show off, gain notoriety.
42. 出婦 chu-fuh, n., (LL) a divorced woman.
43. 出港 chu-gaang, v.i., (of goods) leave port for abroad;
44. 出港 chu-gaang, v.i., (of ship) sail from port.
45. 出格 chu-ger¹, (1) adj., exceptional;
46. 出格 chu-ger¹, (2) v.i., formerly, to write outside the ruled marking on official paper.
47. 出閣 chu-ger², v.i., (of girls) to be married: 已出閣 is already married.
48. 出軌 chu-gueei, adj., (1) irregular: 出軌的行動 irregular activities;
49. 出軌 chu-gueei, adj., (2) 火車出軌 derailed.
50. 出恭 chu-gung, v.i., to ease bowels.
51. 出汗 chu-hahn, v.i., to perspire.
52. 出號 chu-hauh, adj., oversized (shoes, etc.).
53. 出乎 chu-’hu, phr., come from: 出乎真心好意 come from the heart, from good intentions.
54. 出花兒 chu-hua-’l, v.i., have smallpox.
55. 出豁 chu-huo, v.i., (1) (MC) to lighten severity of crime (=開豁);
56. 出豁 chu-huo, v.i., (2) 沒出豁 (MC) have no way out.
57. 出貨 chu-huoh, v.i., (1) to produce goods (per day, etc.);
58. 出貨 chu-huoh, v.i., (2) to take delivery of goods (as from godown);
59. 出貨 chu-huoh, v.i., (3) (AC) to pay money.
60. 出火 chu-huoo, v.i., be aflame with desire, anger.
61. 出活 chu-huor, v.i., (coll.) produce a great deal (of goods).
62. 出診 chu-jeen, v.i., (physicians) visit patients at home.
63. 出疹子 chu-jeen-tz, v.i., to have measles or similar disease.
64. 出陣 chu-jehn, v.i., to leave ranks and come out for combat or (Budd.) for meeting people.
65. 出征 chu-jeng, v.i., start on campaign.
66. 出家 chu-jia, v.i., to leave family and be a monk or nun: 出家人 chu-jia-rern, n., a monk or nun.
67. 出嫁 chu-jiah¹, v.i., (woman) to be married (out).
68. 出價 chu-jiah², v.i., to bid, opp. 發價 offer.
69. 出尖（兒） chu-jian(chu-jia-’l), v.i. & adj., (coll.) well-known (bandit, rascal): 出尖任事 (MC) to take up a difficult or dangerous task.
70. 出教 chu-jiauh, v.t., (p.p.) be excommunicated.
71. 出借 chu-jieh, v.t., to lend out.
72. 出結 chu-jier, v.i., to give written guarantee of end of dispute.
73. 出繼 chu-jih, v.i. & t., to be legally adopted as son.
74. 出進 chu-jihn, n., incoming and outgoing;
75. 出進 chu-jihn, n., receipt and expense;
76. 出進 chu-jihn, n., difference: 沒甚麼出進 not much difference in comparing two (also 出入).
77. 出境 chu-jihng, adv., exit from country: 驅逐出境 expel from country;
78. 出境 chu-jihng, adv., 出境證 exit permit.
79. 出贅 chu-jueih, v.t., to marry into a family and take bride’s family name.
80. 出眾 chu-juhng, v.i., to stand out, be outstanding.
81. 出主意 chu-juu-’yi (chu-jur-’yi), phr., to give decision (to do s.t.): 誰出的主意 who made this decision—whose idea is it?
82. 出口 chu-koou, n., exit;
83. 出口 chu-koou, n., export.
84. 出來 (1) chu-lair, v.i., to come out;
85. 出來 (1) chu-lair, v.i., come out and intervene;
86. 出來 (1) chu-lair, v.i., to occur: 這事已經出來 it has occurred already;
87. 出來 (2) chu-lair (or ’chu-lai), adv., freely attached to vb. to express “out”: 說出 or 說出來 to speak out;
88. 出來 (2) chu-lair (or ’chu-lai), adv., 拿出 or 拿出來 to take out;
89. 出來 (2) chu-lair (or ’chu-lai), adv., 說不出來 cannot say it;
90. 出來 (2) chu-lair (or ’chu-lai), adv., 找不出來 cannot find it.
91. 出力 chu-lih, (1) adv., do one’s best: 他很出力 he worked very hard (to have s.t. done);
92. 出力 chu-lih, (2) v.i., to work hard: 出力做事 work hard;
93. 出力 chu-lih, v.i., 出力做去 do your best;
94. 出力 chu-lih, v.i., 出力不討好 do a thankless task.
95. 出溜 chu-’liou, v.i., to slide along (of snake): 從山坡上出溜 roll down the slope;
96. 出溜 chu-’liou, v.i., 打個出溜兒 slip down.
97. 出路 chu-luh, n., (1) an outlet;
98. 出路 chu-luh, n., (2) a way out;
99. 出路 chu-luh, n., (3) a future (of profession): 出路問題 problem of (a boy’s) future;
100. 出路 chu-luh, n., 這况沒有出路 there is no future (better jobs) here.
101. 出落得 chu-’luo-de, v.i., grow up into (a beauty, a handsome young man).
102. 出籠 chu-lurng, v.i., to have a sale en masse;
103. 出籠 chu-lurng, v.i., to put paper money into circulation: 就出籠 newly put in circulation.
104. 出馬 chu-maa, v.i., (1) formerly, to come out of ranks for combat;
105. 出馬 chu-maa, v.i., (2) to come out and assume post;
106. 出馬 chu-maa, v.i., (3) see chu-jeen↑.
107. 出賣 chu-maih, v.t., (1) to offer for sale;
108. 出賣 chu-maih, v.t., (2) to sell out (friend, one’s soul).
109. 出梅 chu-meir, n., the end of the mildew season, when dry season begins (also wr. 出霉).
110. 出門 chu-mern, v.i., to go away from home, for short walk or long journey: 出門兒 (chu-mer-’l) ditto;
111. 出門 chu-mern, n., social parties, such as wedding, funeral;
112. 出門 chu-mern, n., 出門子 (chu-mern-tz) to be married (of woman).
113. 出面 chu-miahn, v.i., to appear publicly (in negotiations, as sponsor, etc.): 不出面 to work only behind the scenes.
114. 出名（兒） chu-mirng(’l), v.i., (1) ditto;
115. 出名（兒） chu-mirng(’l), v.i., (2) become famous.
116. 出沒 chu-moh, v.i., to appear and disappear: 出沒無常 (roving bands) appear unpredictably.
117. 出納 chu-nah, n., cashier;
118. 出納 chu-nah, n., 出納課 cashiers department;
119. 出納 chu-nah, n., 管出納 be cashier.
120. 出品 chu-piin, n., artistic or manufactured product.
121. 出讓 chu-rahng, v.i., to offer (house, shop) for sale.
122. 出入 chu-ruh, n., see chu-jihn↑.
123. 出賽 chu-saih, n. & v.i., exhibit;
124. 出賽 chu-saih, n. & v.i., contest.
125. 出色 chu-seh, adj., outstanding, distinguished (performer, -mance, talent, etc.)
126. 出山 chu-shan, v.i., come out from retirement and join government.
127. 出身 chu-shen, (1) v.i., enter career of public service;
128. 出身 chu-shen, v.i., start such career: 進士出身 started career as scholar of third degree;
129. 出身 chu-shen, (2) (chu-’shen) n., a man’s scholastic and other records;
130. 出身 chu-shen, n., origins: 出身寒微 came from humble origins.
131. 出聲 chu-sheng¹, phr., make a noise.
132. 出生 chu-sheng², v.i., be born;
133. 出生 chu-sheng², v.i., 出生日期 day and year of birth.
134. 出神 chu-shern, v.i., appear occupied in thought, appear wondering.
135. 出險 chu-shiaan, (1) phr., escape from disaster, (patient) come out of danger;
136. 出險 chu-shiaan, (2) v.i., (chu-shiaan) to have an accident (as a train).
137. 出現 chu-shiahn, v.i., to appear (of comet, ghost, etc.).
138. 出項 chu-’shiahng, n., item of expense.
139. 出席 chu-shir¹, v.i., to be present at meeting, conference.
140. 出息 chu-shir², (1) v.i., bear interest: 出息若干 how much interest does it bear?
141. 出息 chu-shir², (2) n., (Budd.) exhalation;
142. 出息 chu-shir², (3)(chu-’shi) (a) n., chance to better one’s circumstances: 有出息（兒），沒出息（兒） (alos 不出息) (a person) has ambition, no ambition;
143. 出息 chu-shir², (4) n., interest, profit: 出息很大 great profit;
144. 出息 chu-shir², (5) 出息得 v.i., see chu-’luo-de↑.
145. 出行 chu-shirng, v.i., go on a long journey.
146. 出首 chu-shoou¹, v.i., (1) come out and plead guilty;
147. 出首 chu-shoou¹, v.i., (2) to come out and lead.
148. 出手 chu-shoou², (1) v.i., (of manuscript) be completed;
149. 出手 chu-shoou², (2) v.t., to sell: 不肯出手 will not sell (at poor price) (=脫手);
150. 出手 chu-shoou², (3) take matter in hand;
151. 出手 chu-shoou², 出手兒 (a) adv., at first trial (fail, succeed);
152. 出手 chu-shoou², (b) n., (Chin. opera) way of throwing or passing weapons.
153. 出售 chu-shouh, v.i., to offer for sale.
154. 出水 chu-shueei, v.i., formerly, (of official or sold prostitutes) to be freed from profession.
155. 出師 chu-shy, v.i., see chu-bing↑.
156. 出示 chu-shyh¹, v.t., (1) to post notice;
157. 出示 chu-shyh¹, v.t., (2) to show or exhibit for inspection (a particular article).
158. 出仕 chu-shyh², v.i., (LL) to become official, join government.
159. 出世 chu-shyh³, v.i., (1) see V.t.3↑.
160. 出世 chu-shyh³, v.i., (2) (of Buddha) to be born into this world or appear bodily;
161. 出世 chu-shyh³, v.i., to leave the secular world;
162. 出世 chu-shyh³, v.i., (3) be born.
163. 出使 chu-shyh⁴, v.i., to be sent abroad as ambassador, minister or special emissary.
164. 出事 chu-shyh⁵, v.i., to have an accident occur: 出了事 (euphem.) to have s.o. die in the family.
165. 出血 chu-shyueh, n., hemorrhage.
166. 出堂 chu-tarng, v.i., (of coffin) to leave the ceremonial hall.
167. 出挑 chu-’tiau, v.i., (boy, girl) to grow up beautifully;
168. 出挑 chu-’tiau, v.i., usu. 出挑得 chu-’tiau-de.
169. 出涕 chu-tih, v.i., (LL) shed tears.
170. 出題 chu-tir, v.i., give out or set, subject for examination paper.
171. 出庭 chu-tirng, v.i., (judge, persons involved in lawsuit) to appear at court.
172. 出頭 chu-tour, v.i., (1) to be successful in career: 出頭的日子 the day of success;
173. 出頭 chu-tour, v.i., (2) see chu-miahn↑.
174. 出彩 chu-tsaai, v.i., (Chin. opera) to appear bleeding.
175. 出材（兒） chu-tsair(chu-tsar-’l), adj., outstanding: 不出材的丫頭 a very common slave girl.
176. 出脫 chu-tuo, v.i., (1) to be absolved;
177. 出脫 chu-tuo, v.i., (2) to sell: 一千兩便出脫了 will sell for 1,000 ounces;
178. 出脫 chu-tuo, v.i., (3) see chu-’luo-de↑.
179. 出土 chu-tuu, v.i., (1) (anc. objects) be excavated;
180. 出土 chu-tuu, v.i., (2) sprout up;
181. 出土 chu-tuu, v.i., (3) 剛出土兒 just born.
182. 出走 chu-tzoou, v.i., flee or go away.
183. 出租 chu-tzu, v.i., for hire, to let.
184. 出外 chu-waih, v.i., to go abroad.
185. 出亡 chu-warng, v.i., to live as exile or refugee.
186. 出言 chu-yarn, v.i., (LL) to speak (coarsely, elegantly, abruptly, etc.).
187. 出洋 chu-yarng, v.i., to go abroad (“across the oceans”).
188. 出遊 chu-your, v.i., to go on a tour.
189. 出月兒 chu-yueh-’l, adv., next month;
190. 出月兒 chu-yueh-’l, adv., 出月子 (of women after child delivery) recover normal health and vitality.

幽 Num. Index: 21.21 you .

Adj. (1) Quiet, tranquil, serene, secluded: 幽靜，幽雅 you-jihng, you-yaa↓;
幽谷 you-guu↓.
(2) Deep hidden, unconstrained, natural: 幽情 you-chirng↓;
幽憤 you-fehn↓.
(3) Of the world of spirits: 幽冥 you-mirng²↓.

Words 1. 幽閉 you-bih, v.t., (1) to place under house detention;
2. 幽閉 you-bih, v.t., (2) formerly, to cut off ovary as a form of female castration.
3. 幽棲 you-chi, v.i., to live in seclusion.
4. 幽囚 you-’chiour, v.t., to cast in prison, incarcerate.
5. 幽期 you-chir, n., a secret rendezvous.
6. 幽情 you-chirng, n., one’s most deeply felt emotion;
7. 幽情 you-chirng, n., innermost thoughts.
8. 幽獨 you-dur, adj., isolated.
9. 幽憤 you-fehn, n., suppressed anger or frustration.
10. 幽谷 you-guu, n., secluded valley.
11. 幽會 you-hueih, n., a lover’s rendezvous.
12. 幽魂 you-hurn, n., ghost.
13. 幽靜 you-jihng, adj., secluded, tranquil.
14. 幽居 you-jyu, v.i., to live in seclusion.
15. 幽蘭 you-larn, n., the orchid (which grows in out-of-the-way places)—symbol of content with accomplishment without seeking notoriety.
16. 幽靈 you-lirng, n., phantom;
17. 幽靈 you-lirng, n., an evil monster.
18. 幽美 you-meei, adj., quietly beautiful, serene.
19. 幽昧 you-meih, adj., dark.
20. 幽門 you-mern, n., (physiol.) the pylorus.
21. 幽眇 you-miaau, adj., distant, remote, indiscernible.
22. 幽明 you-mirng¹, n., the world of the living and that of the dead: 幽明異路 the line that separates the living from the dead.
23. 幽冥 you-mirng², (1) adj., dark, shadowy;
24. 幽冥 you-mirng², (2) n., (Budd.) Hades.
25. 幽默 you-moh, n., (translit.) humor: 幽默感 sense of humor.
26. 幽壤 you-raang, n., (Budd.) Hades.
27. 幽人 you-rern, n., (LL) a recluse.
28. 幽深 you- shen, adj., profound.
29. 幽邃 you-sueih, adj., deep and impenetrable.
30. 幽思 you-sy, n., deep, unspoken thoughts.
31. 幽雅 you-yaa, adj., tranquil and enjoyable, (of a study) quiet and in good taste.
32. 幽咽 you-yeh, adj., submerged gurgling (water);
33. 幽咽 you-yeh, adj., silently sobbing.
34. 幽幽 you-you, adj., (AC) faraway, distant (hills).

豳 Num. Index: 21.21 bin . [Var. 邠]

N. (AC) place name.

世 Num. Index: 21.21 shyh .

N. (1) A generation, defined in AC as 30 years: 五世其昌 prosper for five generations;
後世 future generations, posterity;
先世 ancestors or their times.
(2) An incarnation or one life: 今世 the present life;
一世 all one’s life;
塵世 the material or worldly life;
來世 future life or incarnation;
出世，入世 (philosophy of) leaving or joining secular life;
(religion) other worldliness or active interest in worldly affairs;
世外桃源 a Utopia, beautiful retreat.
(3) This world: 世間，世界 shyh-jian, shyh-jieh↓;
世上 in this world;
名聞於世 world-famous;
世人 people of this world;
𡈼世 the whole world;
世運 shyh-yuhn↓;
蓋世 world distinguished;
世無其匹 unrivalled in the world;
一世之雄 a hero of the world.
(4) Epoch, era: 世代 shyh-daih↓;
世紀 shyh-jih↓;
近世 modern times or era;
中世 middle period, Middle Ages;
末世 fin de siecle, latter part, latter days;
亂世，盛世 chaotic, peaceful times, restless, prosperous period;
當世 contemporary, of those times.
(5) Experience of human society: 世道日衰 the ways of the world go from bad to worse;
世態炎涼 fickleness of human friendships (“blow hot and cold”);
世風日下 the world is declining in its moral values;
人情世故 the ways of the world;
世故，世俗 shyh-guh, shyh-sur↓;
世面，世情 shyh-miahn, shyh-chirng↓;
不識世務 inexperienced in society;
處世 how to get along in this world.

Adj. For generations (of friends): 世交，世誼 shyh-jiau, shyh-yih↓;
address of friends connected through family relations;
thus 世伯，世叔，世兄, etc. uncle, brother who are friends of the family or clan.

Words 1. 世伯 shyh-bor, n., uncle who is friend of one’s family or member of clan.
2. 世情 shyh-chirng, n., the ways of the world.
3. 世仇 shyh-chour, n., a feud between families.
4. 世傳 shyh-chuarn, adj., known or transmitted for generations.
5. 世代 shyh-daih, n., (1) a generation;
6. 世代 shyh-daih, n., (2) an epoch or era;
7. 世代 shyh-daih, n., (3) adv., for generations: 世代書香 a family of scholars for generations.
8. 世道 shyh-dauh, n., the morals of a nation or the world.
9. 世弟 shyh-dih, n., son of father’s friend, younger than oneself.
10. 世法 shyh-faa, n., fashions, custom of the times.
11. 世故 shyh-guh, n., the ways of the world: 不懂人情世故 inexperienced in life;
12. 世故 shyh-guh, n., 世故甚深 or 甚知世故 well versed in art of dealing with people.
13. 世好 shyh-haau, (1) n., friends for generations;
14. 世好 shyh-haau, (2) (shyh-hauh) n., fashions, vogue of the times.
15. 世家 shyh-jia, n., (1) a noble family;
16. 世家 shyh-jia, n.,(2) a family politically influential for generations;
17. 世家 shyh-jia, n.,(3) (AC) biography of men connected with noble families.
18. 世間 shyh-jian, n., the world, the present life: 世間上in this world.
19. 世交 shyh-jiau, n., long-standing friendship between two families.
20. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., the universe, the world: 世界大戰 world war;
21. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 世界和平 world peace;
22. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 世界大同 the world a commonwealth (Confu. ideal);
23. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 世界觀 Weltanschauung;
24. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 科學世界 the scientific world;
25. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 兒童世界 the children’s world;
26. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 滿世界 (*shyh-’jei) the whole world;
27. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 世界宪生組織 World Health Organization (WHO);
28. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 世界糧食方案 World Food Program (UN);
29. 世界 shyh-jieh, n., 世界人權宣言 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
30. 世紀 shyh-jih, n., century.
31. 世及 shyh-jir, phr., (AC) handed down from generation to generation, hereditary.
32. 世冑 shyh-jouh, n., hereditary nobleman.
33. 世主 shyh-juu, n., (LL) ruler of the times.
34. 世姪 shyh-jyr¹, n., a close friend’s son.
35. 世職 shyh-jyr², n., hereditary title.
36. 世路 shyh-luh, n., the ways of the world (usu. untrustworthy).
37. 世論 shyh-luhn, n., (1) philosophy dealing with human world, as opp. Budd.;
38. 世論 shyh-luhn, n., (2) current criticism.
39. 世面 shyh-(’)miahn, n., higherclass society: 沒見過世面 has never known higher society.
40. 世人 shyh-rern, n., the people of the world.
41. 世上 shyh-shahng, adv., in this world.
42. 世系 shyh-shih, n., genealogy.
43. 世襲 shyh-shir, adj., hereditary (rank, post).
44. 世叔 shyh-shur, n., a younger friend of one’s father.
45. 世世 shyh-shyh¹, adv., from generation to generation.
46. 世事 shyh-shyh², n., the current affairs, affairs of the world.
47. 世兄 shyh-shyung, n., (court. address) son of one’s friend or teacher.
48. 世俗 shyh-sur, n., (1) customs, manners of a place;
49. 世俗 shyh-sur, n., (2) (Budd. or Christianity) those outside the church, non-believer.
50. 世統 shyh-tuung, n., see shyh-shih↑.
51. 世澤 shyh-tzer, n., the benefits, privileges handed down from ancestors.
52. 世尊 shyh-tzun, n., (Budd.) devotees’ name for Buddha (the Revered One of the World).
53. 世族 shyh-tzur, n., a family politically influential for generations.
54. 世子 shyh-tzyy, n., the princes, sons of the emperor except the crown prince.
55. 世務 shyh-wuh, n., worldly affairs.
56. 世業 shyh-yeh, n., (1) hereditary profession in the family;
57. 世業 shyh-yeh, n., (2) inherited property.
58. 世誼 shyh-yih, n., long-standing friendship between two families.
59. 世緣 shyh-yuarn, n., secular ties and business.
60. 世運 shyh-yuhn, n., (1) the course of events, rise and fall of nations;
61. 世運 shyh-yuhn, n., (2) the Olympic Games (from 世界運動大會).

凶 Num. Index: 21.21 shyung . [Interch. 兇 in sense “fierce,” “crime”]

N. (1) Culprit: 凶犯，凶手 shyung-fahn, shyung-shoou↓;
正凶 chief culprit (dist. accomplice);
疑凶 suspect, person suspected of crime.
(2) Murder: 行凶 commit murder.

Adj. (1) Bad, sad, unlucky, unfortunate (event): 凶兆 shyung-jauh↓;
吉凶未卜 do not know whether it will turn out good or bad (patient’s life uncertain);
凶宅 unlucky house where occupant dies or meets other mishaps;
凶耗，凶信 bad news (as of person’s death);
凶門 shyung-mern↓.
(2) (Year) of bad crops: 凶年，凶歲 shyung-niarn, shyung-sueih↓.
(3) Fierce, ferocious: 凶□ flame of violence;
凶象 look of violence;
凶聲 sounds of fights or battle;
來勢甚凶 enemy advances in great strength;
凶狠，凶悍，凶猛 shyung-heen, shyung-hahn, shyung-meeng↓.
(4) Wicked, brutal: 他太凶了 he is too brutal;
凶惡，凶徒，凶暴 shyung-eh, shyung-tur, shyung-bauh↓;
凶地 (AC) a bad country with bad customs.

Adv. Horribly, fearfully: 病得很凶 is extremely or dangerously ill;
鬧得太凶了 in a fearful mess;
凶終 (friendship, alliance) end disastrously, (of person) die an unnatural death.

Words 1. 凶暴 shyung-bauh, adj., brutal, cruel (tyrant).
2. 凶氣 shyung-chih¹, n., a ferocious mien.
3. 凶器 shyung-chih², n., (1) (AC) military weapons (lit., “weapons of evil”);
4. 凶器 shyung-chih², n., (2) weapons involved in murder (knife, pistol, etc.);
5. 凶器 shyung-chih², n., (3) funeral appurtenances (including coffin).
6. 凶渠 shyung-chyur, n., gang leaders.
7. 凶惡 shyung-eh, adj., brutish, fearful, ferocious.
8. 凶犯 shyung-fahn, n., culprit in murder case.
9. 凶服 shyung-fur, n., mourning dress.
10. 凶悍 shyung-hahn, adj., ferocious-looking.
11. 凶耗 shyung-hauh, n., bad news;
12. 凶耗 shyung-hauh, n., news of s.o.’s death.
13. 凶狠 shyung-heen, adj., warlike, cruel, merciless.
14. 凶兆 shyung-jauh, n., a bad omen.
15. 凶具 shyung-jyuh, n., coffin.
16. 凶禮 shyung-lii, n., funeral ceremony.
17. 凶猛 shyung-meeng, adj., fierce, brutish.
18. 凶門 shyung-mern, n., white festoon outside door of family during funeral ceremony.
19. 凶年 shyung-niarn, n., year of bad crops or famine.
20. 凶殺 shyung-sha, v.t., to murder (s.o.).
21. 凶煞 shyung-shah, n., evil luck, causing illness, death, etc.
22. 凶神 shyung-shern, n., evil spirit, said to take possession of person: 凶神附體 be possessed by a demon.
23. 凶險 shyung-shiaan, adj., extremely hazardous, dangerous.
24. 凶信 shyung-shihn, n., bad news;
25. 凶信 shyung-shihn, n., news of death.
26. 凶手 shyung-shoou, n., murderer, culprit.
27. 凶事 shyung-shyh, n., (1) funeral affairs;
28. 凶事 shyung-shyh, n., (2) news of murder or near-murder;
29. 凶事 shyung-shyh, n., (3) (AC) war.
30. 凶歲 shyung-sueih, n., see shyung-niarn↑.
31. 凶死 shyung-syy, n., death by violence.
32. 凶殘 shyung-tsarn, adj., bloodthirsty, merciless, ruthless.
33. 凶徒 shyung-tur, n., a villain, cutthroat.

爿 Num. Index: 21.22 chiarng (*bahn ).

N. (1) A radical (used for phonetic value in 壯，宝，牆, etc.).
(2) Half of a tree trunk (graphically opposite of 片 91.22).
(3) (*bahn, Shanghai dial.) 一爿商店 a shop front.

嶄 Num. Index: 21.22 jaan (*chaan ).

Adj. (1) 嶄新 brand-new.
(2) Var. of 巉 (also *charn), see compp.↓.

Words 1. 嶄然 *charn-rarn, adj., rising steeply.
2. 嶄巖 *charn-yarn, adj., (of peaks) steep, (rocks) overhanging.

巋 Num. Index: 21.22 kuei .

Adj. (1) (Of hills) in a row.
(2) Standing alone: 巋然獨存 standing alone immutable.

豈 Num. Index: 21.30 chii (*kaai ).

Adv. An interrogative particle used for positive assertion, meaning “how” (=could not): 豈能 how could;
豈有 how could it be?豈有此理 how could such a thing be possible?—it is absurd;
豈可如此 how could this be allowed?—should not be allowed;
oft. with 不，無 is it not (=it is): 豈不重複 would it not be redundant?豈不容易 wouldn’t it be easy?豈不知 doesn’t (he) know? oft. goes with final particle 乎 or 哉：豈不危乎(or 哉) would it not be dangerous;
豈敢，豈止 chii-gaan, chii-jyy↓.

Adj. (*kaai) (AC) 豈弟 friendly;
豈樂 peaceful and happy (also wr. 愷，凱).

Words 1. 豈但 chii-dahn, adv., not only: 豈但…而且 not only…but also.
2. 豈敢 chir-gaan, adv., would not dare: 他豈敢欺騙她 he would not dare to cheat her;
3. 豈敢 chir-gaan, adv., (as a court. phr.) I am unworthy (of such compliment): 豈敢，豈敢!
4. 豈止 chii-jyy, adv. phr., not only (but further than that);
5. 豈止 chii-jyy, adv., similarly 豈只 not only…alone.

豐 Num. Index: 21.30 feng . [Pop. 丰 10.10, which has also separate meanings]

N. (1) Name of a trigram in 八^卦 pa-guah, 80.80.
(2) A surname.

Adj. Abundant, plentiful, full, solid: 豐衣足食 dress and feed well;
rich (harvest): 豐收，豐登，豐稔 good harvest;
豐年 year of good crops, also years of youth;
round and healthy: 豐潤 good, healthy complexion;
豐肌 plump;
豐腴 plump, well-fed.

Words 1. 豐富 feng-fuh, adj., rich (wealth, material things);
2. 豐富 feng-fuh, adj., vigorous (energy).
3. 豐厚 feng-houh, adj., rich, plentiful (dinner, financial strength).
4. 豐滿 feng-maan, adj., plentiful;
5. 豐滿 feng-maan, adj., (ladies’ figure) full and round.
6. 豐盛 feng-shehng, n. & adj., plenty, -teous, prosperous, -ity (of dinner, vegetation, products).
7. 豐足 feng-tzur, adj. & n., adequate, sufficient, -cy
8. 豐盈 feng-yirng, adj., plump and full (face, body);
9. 豐盈 feng-yirng, adj., full (granary).

岑 Num. Index: 21.32 tsern .

N. A surname.

Adj. Suggestive of hill regions, see compp.↓;
岑樓 sharp and slender tower.

Words 1. 岑寂 tsern-jir, adj., quiet, far removed from the hustle of life.
2. 岑岑 tsern-tsern, adj., (LL) dizzy (cf. 涔 63A.32).
3. 岑翳 tsern-yih, n., (LL) mountainous region covered with dense forest.

岩 Num. Index: 21.40 yarn .

N. (1) (LL) Interch. 巖 cliffside 21.82.
(2) Rocks: 岩石 yarn-shyr↓;
火成岩 igneous rocks;
水成岩 aqueous or sedimentary rocks;
變質岩 metamorphic rocks.

Words 1. 岩壁 yarn-bih, n., (1) a cliff;
2. 岩壁 yarn-bih, n., (2) (geol.) a dike.
3. 岩宝 yarn-chuarng, n., (geol.) intrusive sheet.
4. 岩基 yarn-ji, n., (geol.) batholith.
5. 岩漿 yarn-jiang, n., (geol.) magma, molten rock.
6. 岩流 yarn-liour, n., (geol.) flow.
7. 岩脈 yarn-moh, n., (geol.) rock vein, vein.
8. 岩盤 yarn-parn, n., (geol.) laccolith.
9. 岩石 yarn-shyr, n., rocks;
10. 岩石 yarn-shyr, n., 岩石學 petrology.
11. 岩層 yarn-tserng, n., rock strata.
12. 岩鹽 yarn-yarn, n., rock salt.

岧 Num. Index: 21.40 tiaur .

Adj. (AC) high (mountains).

□ Num. Index: 21.41 shyr . [Arch. of 時 41A.00]

醬 Num. Index: 21.41 jiahng .

N. (1) A sauce, condiment: 豆瓣醬 bean sauce;
辣醬 a hot sauce;
醬油 jiahng-your↓;
醬菜 pickled vegetables;
醬肉 meat cooked in soy sauce;
醬瓜 pickled cucumbers;
醬園 a soy or condiment shop.
(2) Any jamlike or paste-like substance: 悞醬 fruit jam;
肉醬 minced meat;
番茄醬 tomato sauce, ketchup;
芝麻醬 sesame sauce or paste.

Words 1. 醬色 jiahng-seh, adj., dark, reddish brown.
2. 醬紫 jiahng-tzyy, adj., deep purple.
3. 醬油 jiahng-your, n., bean sauce, soya sauce.

耑 Num. Index: 21.42 juan . [Var. of 專 10.00, esp. in letters: 耑此=專此]

崙 Num. Index: 21.42 lurn .

N. See 崑^崙 21.70.

崗 Num. Index: 21.42 gang (also gaang ).

N. (1) Pop. of 岡.
(2) A guard post;
an office or post: 守崗位 stay at post of duties;
站崗 on patrol duty.

崩 Num. Index: 21.42 beng .

V.i. (1) Collapse (of houses): 山崩landslide;
雪崩 avalanche.
(2) Crack and fall: 崩了一角 one corner cracks open.
(3) (AC) (of emperor) pass away: 駕崩.

Words 1. 崩症 beng-jehng, n., see 血^崩症 91.30.
2. 崩口 beng-koou, n., crack, hole made by cracking.
3. 崩潰 beng-kueih, n. & v.i., collapse (of houses, army).
4. 崩裂 beng-lieh, n. & v.i., crack.
5. 崩坍 beng-tan, n. & v.i., collapse, fall down (of buildings).

嵩 Num. Index: 21.42 sung .

Adj. & adv. High up: 嵩呼 (LL) cry “hurrah.”

Words 1. 嵩山 Sung-shan, n., name of high mountain in Honan.
2. 嵩嶽 Sung-yueh, n., a high mountain,also Sung-shan↑.

□ Num. Index: 21.70 chii . [Abbr. of 豈 21.30]

崑 Num. Index: 21.70 kun . [Var. 𨦼]

Words 1. 崑腔 kun-chiang, n., music and opera of 崑山, see kun-chyuu↓.
2. 崑曲 kun-chyuu, n., from of opera developed at 崑山↓.
3. 崑崙 Kun-lurn, n., the Kunlun Mountains in Chinese Turkestan.
4. 崑山 Kun-shan/i>, n., name of district near Shanghai.

鬯 Num. Index: 21.70 chahng .

N. (1) A sacrificial wine.
(2) A bow case.

Adj. (Interch. 暢 22S.50) straight and clear.

兇 Num. Index: 21.70 shyung . [Var. of 凶]

N. & adj. In sense of “crime,” “fierce,” see 凶 21.21.

Words 1. 兇懼 shyung-jyuh, adj., perturbed and afraid, upset.
2. 兇兇 shyung-shyung, adj., clamorous (also wr. 攞).

嵐 Num. Index: 21.70 larn .

N. Vapor, haze on hillside: 嵐氣 misty hill atmosphere;
曉嵐 morning mist;
夕嵐 evening mist;
山嵐 mountain mists.

嵬 Num. Index: 21.70 weir .

Adj. High, rugged (cf. 巍 21.70).

Words 1. 嵬峨 weir-er, adj., lofty.
2. 嵬嵬 weir-weir¹, adj., ditto.
3. 嵬巍 weir-weir², adj., ditto.
4. 嵬嶷 weir-yir, adj., ditto.

巍 Num. Index: 21.70 weir .

Adj. Lofty, mighty, impressive.

Words 1. 巍𠵍 weir-er, adj., tall and rugged (also wr. 嵬𠵍).
2. 巍巍 weir-weir, adj., ditto (also wr. 嵬嵬).

彘 Num. Index: 21.70 jyh . [See 彘 92.70]

崴 Num. Index: 21.71 weir . [Var. of 嵬 in 嵬𠵍]

𠵍 Num. Index: 21.71 er . [Var. of 峨 21B.71]

崽 Num. Index: 21.72 tzaai .

N. The young of animals: 下崽子 (of animals) to litter;
西崽 (contempt.) a Chinese employee of a foreign firm (“a Westerner’s underling”);
崽子 tzaai-tzyy↓.

Words 1. 崽子 tzair-tzyy (sp. pr. tzaai-’tz), n., (1) a child;
2. 崽子 tzair-tzyy (sp. pr. tzaai-’tz), n., (2) a pederast, also used as term of abuse.

□ Num. Index: 21.80 jen . [See 真 10.80]

巔 Num. Index: 21.80 dian .

N. Summit of hill, top of tree: 山巔，樹巔.

貰 Num. Index: 21.80 shyh .

V.i. & t. (1) To hire out, rent out (house, vehicle).
(2) To take (s.t. such as wine) on credit.
(3) (AC) to pardon: 貰赦.

嶺 Num. Index: 21.80 liing .

N. Mountain range, mountain pass: 爬山越嶺 over hills and mountains;
分水嶺 watershed.

Words 1. 嶺南 liing-narn, n., Kwangtung— “south” of mountain range (大庾嶺).

炭 Num. Index: 21.81 tahn . [In chem., the var. 碳 31B.81 for carbon is oft. used]

N. (1) Charcoal: 木炭 charcoal from wood;
煤炭 coal;
石炭 anthracites;
炭盆 charcoal basin.
(2) (Chem.) carbon (oft. wr. 碳): 炭質 tahn-jyr↓;
for 炭化, see 碳^酸 31B.81.

Words 1. 炭筆 tahn-bii, n., carbon pencil.
2. 炭氣 tahn-chih, n., (chem.) carbon dioxide.
3. 炭化 tahn-huah¹, v.i., see 碳^化 31B.81.
4. 炭畫 tahn-huah², n., charcoal drawing.
5. 炭灰 tahn-huei, n., ashes.
6. 炭精 tahn-jing, n., pure carbon.
7. 炭質 tahn-jyr, n., (chem.) carbon.
8. 炭紙 tahn-jyy, n., carbon paper (also called 炭精紙).
9. 炭坑 tahn-keng, n., coal pit.
10. 炭簍子 tahn-loou-’tz, n., (coll.) as in 給他一個炭簍子 give him a high (empty) title (=戴高帽子).
11. 炭酸 tahn-suan, n., see 碳^酸 31B.81.
12. 炭田 tahn-tiarn, n., coal field.
13. 炭層 tahn-tserng, n., coal bed.
14. 炭氧氣 tahn-yaang-chih, n., carbonic acid gas.
15. 炭油 tahn-your, n., coal tar.

奘 Num. Index: 21.81 tzahng (*juaang ).

Adj. (1) Big, powerfully-built (person).
(2) (*juaang) Largesized (related 壯): 奘粗 stout, thick, coarse;
奘的細的 the strong (stout) and the weak (slender).

獎 Num. Index: 21.81 jiaang .

N. A prize, a reward (opp. 懲 punishment): 獎券 jiaang-chyuahn²↓;
中獎 draw a winning number;
得獎 win a prize;
大獎 a big prize;
末獎 the smallest prize;
特獎，頭獎 special, first prize;
抽獎 to draw prizes;
摸獎 ditto;
贈獎 offer prizes;
附獎 a consolation prize;
有獎徵答 offer of prizes for correct answers.

V.t. (1) To praise, commend, laud, extol: 獎勉 jiaang-miaan, 獎進 jiaang-jihn, 獎勸 jiaang-chyuahn¹, 獎許 jiaang-shyuu↓;
過獎 overpraise.
(2) Give award to: 獎品 jiaang-piin, 獎勵 jiaang-lih, 獎金 jiaang-jin, 獎章 jiaang-jang, 獎狀 jiaang-juahng, 獎賞 jiaang-shaang↓;
授獎，頒獎 make awards;
領獎 accept awards.
(3) Give financial assistance to: 獎助 jiaang-juh, 獎掖 jiaang-yih↓;
獎學金 scholarships.

Words 1. 獎勸 jiaang-chyuahn¹, v.t., encourage by rewards.
2. 獎券 jiaang-chyuahn², n., a lottery ticket.
3. 獎章 jiaang-jang, n., a medal award, a decoration.
4. 獎進 jiaang-jihn, v.t., recommend for promotion.
5. 獎金 jiaang-jin, n., a cash award.
6. 獎狀 jiaang-juahng, n., a citation.
7. 獎助 jiaang-juh, v.t., provide for financial assistance, to subsidize.
8. 獎勵 jiaang-lih, v.t., commend, praise, encourage by rewards.
9. 獎勉 jiarng-miaan, v.t., speak approvingly of.
10. 獎牌 jiaang-pair, n., a gold, silver or bronze medal or plaque given as award.
11. 獎品 jiarng-piin, n., an award, a prize.
12. 獎賞 jiarng-shaang, v.t. & n., (make) cash or other awards to (person).
13. 獎飾 jiaang-shyh, v.t. & n., to decorate, -ation.
14. 獎許 jiarng-shyuu, v.t., give praise (by superior).
15. 獎掖 jiaang-yih, v.t., encourage (youth) by active assistance.
16. 獎譽 jiaang-yuh, v.t., to give recognition (by superior).

嶽 Num. Index: 21.81 yueh .

N. A high or sacred mountain: 山嶽 high mountain;
嶽立 standing immovable.

嵌 Num. Index: 21.81 chian (also chiahn , kahn ).

V.t. To set (stone in jewelry), to inlay as decoration: 嵌鑲 to inlay pieces as decoration (in earrings, etc.).

Adj. See 嵌巉 chian-charn↓.

Words 1. 嵌巉 chian-charn, adj, (LL) (of mountains) rocky, rugged.

嶔 Num. Index: 21.81 chin .

Words 1. 嶔崟 chin-yirn, adj., (LL) descriptive of high mountain.

岌 Num. Index: 21.82 jir .

Adj. (Of mountains) lofty, towering: 岌岌可危 precarious, in imminent danger of falling down.

巖 Num. Index: 21.82 yarn . [Var. 岩 21.40]

N. (1) A hill cave, a grotto: 巖穴，巖洞 yarn-shyueh, yarn-duhng↓.
(2) A cliff, a precipice;
oft. site of a temple: 巖居穴處 (of recluses) dwell in mountain caves.

Adj. Precipitous: 巖牆 a precipitous wall.

Words 1. 巖洞 yarn-duhng, n., a mountain cave.
2. 巖穴 yarn-shyueh, n., ditto.

遄 Num. Index: 21.83 chuarn .

Adv. (LL) fast: 遄行，遄返 quickly go, come bake.

嶷 Num. Index: 21.83 yir (*nih ).

N. 九嶷 name of mountain.

Adj. (*nih) 嶷岌 (LL) steep, towering (mountain);
嶷嶷 (LL) growing luxuriantly, thriving (crops).

崧 Num. Index: 21.93 sung . [Interch. 嵩 21.42]

蚩 Num. Index: 21.93 chy .

Adj. (AC) ignorant, uncouth (people): 蚩蚩 ditto;
蚩拙 uneducated and stupid.

Words 1. 蚩尤 Chy-your, n., mythological warrior engaged in fight with the Yellow Emperor 黃^帝 20.80.

螿 Num. Index: 21.93 jiang .

N. A kind of cicada.

虖 Num. Index: 21A.00 hu . [AC var. of 乎; interch. 呼]

桌 Num. Index: 21A.01 juo .

N. (1) (juo-tz) A table, desk: 桌子 ditto;
辦公桌 office desk;
書桌 desk in study;
飯桌 dining table;
圓桌 round table;
圓桌武士 round table knights;
桌面子 table top;
桌燈 table lamp.
(2) A table at dinner: 開幾桌 how many table? 幾桌客人 how many tables of guests? 同桌 sit at the same table.

柴 Num. Index: 21A.01 chair .

N. (1) Firewood, fire sticks, unhewn timber: 打柴，砍柴 gather, cut wood for fuel;
劈柴 v.t. & n. to split firewood, such split wood;
火柴 matches;
木柴 firewood;
骨瘦如柴 thin like a skeleton.
(2) A surname.

Words 1. 柴扉 chair-fei, n., humble cottage door.
2. 柴禾 chair-’her, n., (MC) fuel.
3. 柴火 chair-huoo, n., fuel.
4. 柴胡 chair-hur, n., (bot.) sickle-leaved hare’s ear, an herb, Bupleurum falcatum.
5. 柴雞 chair-ji, n., a species of chicken.
6. 柴荊 chair-jing, n., humble cottage.
7. 柴門 chair-mern, n., house door made of unhewn wood.
8. 柴米 chair-mii, n., rice and fuel, the household essentials.
9. 柴木 chair-muh, n., lower-grade wood, good for fuel.
10. 柴薪 chair-shin, n., firewood.
11. 柴水 chair-shueei, n., fuel and water—basic household needs.
12. 柴油 chair-your, n., diesel oil;
13. 柴油 chair-your, n., 柴油機 diesel engine.

粲 Num. Index: 21A.01 tsahn .

N. (1) (AC) polished ice.
(2) A smile: 以博一粲 win a smile from you.

Adj. & adv. (1) Bright, illumined.
(2) Smiling.

Words 1. 粲然 tsahn-rarn, adj. & adv., (1) bright, -ly;
2. 粲然 tsahn-rarn, adj. & adv., (2) laughingly, smilingly.
3. 粲粲 tsahn-tsahn, adj., bright, illumined, heart-warming.

紫 Num. Index: 21A.01 tzyy .

N. & adj. Purple: 紫色 the purple color;
紫花 purple flowers;
紫紅 purple-red;
紫赯（膛）色兒 (of the human complexion) swarthy;
紫葡萄 European grapes;
臉色發紫 with a frightened look;
紅得發紫 at the height of one’s power and influence, enjoying great popularity.

Words 1. 紫斑病 tzyy-ban-bing, n., purpura.
2. 紫貝 tzyy-beih, n., (zoo.) Cypraea macula.
3. 紫氣 tzyy-chih, n., an auspicious atmosphere.
4. 紫闕 tzyy-chyueh, n., (1) the royal palace;
5. 紫闕 tzyy-chyueh, n., (2) fairyland.
6. 紫萼 tzyy-eh, n., (bot.) Hosta coerulea.
7. 紫羔（兒） tzyy-gau(’l), n., purplish-dark fur.
8. 紫姑 Tzyy-gu, n., a legendary goddess supposed to be the patroness of sericulture.
9. 紫毫 tzyy-haur, n., a writing brush made of brownish rabbit hair.
10. 紫河車 tzyy-her-che, n., (1) the placenta;
11. 紫河車 tzyy-her-che, n., (2) (bot.) Paris polyphylla.
12. 紫薑 tzyy-jiang, n., young ginger shoots.
13. 紫膠 tzyy-jiau, n., sealing wax (usu. called 火漆).
14. 紫禁 tzyy-jihn, n., palace grounds: 紫禁城 the Forbidden City in Peking.
15. 紫堇 tzyr-jiin, n., (bot.) Corydalis incisa.
16. 紫金 tzyy-jin, n., gold of the best quality.
17. 紫荊 tzyy-jing, n., (bot.) the Judas tree or red bud, Cercis chinensis.
18. 紫竹 tzyy-jur, n., (bot.) Bambusa nana, var. gracillima.
19. 紫羅蘭 tzyy-luor-larn, n., (bot.) the violet.
20. 紫陌 tzyy-moh, n., (LL) roads leading to the national capital.
21. 紫茉莉 tzyy-moh-lih, n., (bot.) Mirabilis jalapa.
22. 紫泥 tzyy-nir, n., purple sealing wax;
23. 紫泥 tzyy-nir, n., 紫泥書 a royal editct.
24. 紫杉 tzyy-sha, n., (bot.) Taxus cuspidata.
25. 紫參 tzyy-shen, n., (bot.) Polygonum tenuicaule.
26. 紫水晶 tzyr-shueei-jing, n., (min.) amethyst.
27. 紫蘇 tzyy-su, n., (bot.) Perilla nankinensis.
28. 紫檀 tzyy-tarn, n., (bot.) the red sandalwood.
29. 紫藤 tzyy-terng, n., (bot.) the wistaria.
30. 紫草 tzyr-tsaau, n., (bot.) Lithospermum officinale, var. erythrorhiron.
31. 紫菜 tzyy-tsaih, n., (bot.) the laver, edible purple seaweeds.
32. 紫銅 tzyy-turng, n., bronze.
33. 紫藏 tzyy-tzahng, n., purple Tibetan incense.
34. 紫外線 tzyy-waih-shiahn, n., ultraviolet ray.
35. 紫薇 tzyy-weir, n., (bot.) the crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia indica.
36. 紫雲英 tzyy-yurn-yin, n., (bot.) the milk vetch, Astragalus sinicus.

餐 Num. Index: 21A.02 tsan . [Var. □]

N. A meal, dinner: 早餐，午餐，晚餐 breakfast, lunch, supper;
中餐，西餐 Chinese, Western dinner;
每餐 every meal;
餐後 after meal (take pills);
進餐 serve dinner;
餐室，餐間，餐應 dining room, hall;
餐桌 dining table;
餐巾 table napkin;
餐具 table service (plates, etc.).

V.t. To dine: 飽餐 eat one’s fill;
餐風宿露 (“eat wind and sleep dew”) hardships of travel without shelter.

卓 Num. Index: 21A.10 juor .

N. A surname.

Adj. Eminent, outstanding, unexcelled: 卓絕，卓越 juor-jyuer, juor-yuer↓;
卓識，卓見 juor-shyh, juor-jiahn↓.

Adv. Erect: 卓立 juor-lih↓.

Words 1. 卓奪 juor-duor, n., (court in letters) your discerning decision.
2. 卓爾 juor-eel, adj., outstanding, eminent, standing alone.
3. 卓見 juor-jiahn, n., distinguished opinion, also wr. 灼見.
4. 卓著 juor-juoh, adj., eminent, wellknown.
5. 卓卓 juor-juor, adj., outstanding, distinguished.
6. 卓絕 juor-jyuer, adj., singular, unsurpassed: 卓絕千古 unprecedented, unmatched past or present.
7. 卓立 juor-lih, adj., outstanding;
8. 卓立 juor-lih, adj., standing erect, apart from others.
9. 卓犖 juor-luoh, adj., (AC) unsurpassed, eminent (also wr. 卓躒).
10. 卓然 juor-rarn, adj., standing apart, superior: 成效卓然 distinguished results.
11. 卓鍚 juor-shir, n., (court.) a monk’s residence (錫=錫^杖 81A.50).
12. 卓殊 juor-shu, adj., distinguished, unusual (character, accomplishments).
13. 卓識 juor-shyh, n., superior insight or judgment.
14. 卓裁 juor-tsair, n., (court.) your decision.
15. 卓午 juor-wuu, n., (MC) midnoon.
16. 卓異 juor-yih, adj., see juor-shu↑.
17. 卓越 juor-yueh, adj., unusual, superior.

顰 Num. Index: 21A.10 pirn .

Adj. With knitted eyebrows: 東施效顰 phr., allu. to ugly woman (東施) trying to imitate a beauty (西施), famous for her knitted eyebrows, by knitting hers.

壑 Num. Index: 21A.11 huoh .

N. Ravine, abyss, a depressed ground: 溝壑 gutters;
林壑之勝 the beauties of woods and ravines;
深壑 deep abyss.

虐 Num. Index: 21A.21 nyueh .

N. (AC) disaster, calamity, catastrophe;
oppression.

Adj. & adv. Cruel(ly), oppressive(ly): 暴虐 tyrannical and cruel.

Words 1. 虐待 nyueh-daih, v.t., ill-treat, persecute (people, servants).
2. 虐政 nyueh-jehng, n., tyranny, misgovernment.

齒 Num. Index: 21A.21 chyy .

N. (1) Tooth: 牙齒 ditto;
門齒 front teeth;
犬齒 canine teeth, also (descriptive) jagged, uneven;
臼齒 molar;
乳齒 milk teeth;
齒蠹 tooth decay;
齒痕，齒印 tooth marks of biting;
切齒 gnash teeth with hatred;
不敢啟齒 dare not mention subject;
何足掛齒 not worth talking about;
露齒而笑 to grin;
齒亡舌存 the soft and flexible lasts longer than the hard;
沒齒不忘 shall not forget till death;
齒決 (AC) bite off with teeth.
(2) Gear, teeth of appliances: 輪齒 gear, cogs;
鋸齒，梳齒 teeth of a saw, a comb;
齒輪，齒軌 chyy-lurn, chyy-gueei↓.
(3) Age, seniority: 序齒 seat guests according to seniority;
馬齒已長 (fig.) (self-derogatory) one is old.

V.i. (1) To mention: 不屑齒及 not worth mentioning.
(2) To arrange;
to regard as same class: 齒列 arrange in a row;
齒錄 to list in order;
不齒人類，不以人齒之 (contempt.) do not regard as a human being.

Words 1. 齒腔 chyy-chiang, n., pulp cavity of tooth.
2. 齒根 chyy-gen, n., root of tooth.
3. 齒冠 chyy-guan, n., tooth crown.
4. 齒軌 chyy-gueei, n., rack rail.
5. 齒寒 chyy-harn, phr.., see 脣^亡齒寒 51A.42.
6. 齒及 chyy-jir, phr., 何足齒及 not worth mentioning.
7. 齒擊 chyh-jir, phr., teeth chatter.
8. 齒質 chyy-jyr, n., dentine.
9. 齒冷 chyr-leeng, v.i., snigger at: 令人齒冷 invite contempt.
10. 齒列 chyy-lieh, v.i., regard as same class.
11. 齒錄 chyy-luh, v.t., to register in proper class, pass examinations.
12. 齒輪 chyy-lurn, n., wheel gear.
13. 齒次 chyy-tsyh, n., order according to seniority.
14. 齒吻 chyr-ween, n., lips and teeth.
15. 齒音 chyy-yin¹, n., (phonetics) dental sibilant (ts, tz, s, etc.).
16. 齒齦 chyy-yin², n., gum (of teeth).

卡 Num. Index: 21A.22 kaa (*chiaa ), *chiar ).

N. (1) Card: 卡片 kaa-piahn↓.
(2) (*chiaa) Pincers, see 卡子 kaa-tz↓.

V.t. (1) (*chiar) To wedge in: 把茶几卡在兩把椅子中間 put a tea table between two chairs.
(2) (*chiar or *chiaa) To choke, be choked: 魚骨卡住了喉嚨 a fishbone sticks in the throat;
卡住了，卡幵了 to wedge in, to be stuck in the throat;
卡死了 be choked to death;
他卡幵了，卡了一下 he gets choked.

Words 1. 卡賓槍 kaa-bin-chiang, n., (translit.) a carbine.
2. 卡□ kaa-’bo, adj., bow-legged: 卡□幵腿兒往前走 walks bow-legged;
3. 卡□襠 (kaa-’bo-dang) n., place between the thighs.
4. 卡車 kaa-che, cart, truck.
5. 卡介苗 kaa-jieh-miaur, n., (med.) BCG vaccine (abbr. for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin).
6. 卡剌特 kaa-lah-teh, n., (translit.) a carat.
7. 卡路里 kaa-luh-lii, n., (translit.) calorie.
8. 卡倫 kaa-lurn, n., formerly, a Mongolian border post (also called 邊臺).
9. 卡片 kaa-piahn, n., a card (as name card, postcard, card catalogue).
10. 卡通 kaa-tung, n., (translit.) cartoon.
11. 卡子 *chiaa-’tz, n., (1) toll, post for domestic duty: 卡口，關卡 such station for collecting duty;
12. 卡子 *chiaa-’tz, n., (2) patrol: 下卡子，撒卡子 set patrols;
13. 卡子 *chiaa-’tz, n., (3) pincers, also hairpin (髮卡).

上 Num. Index: 21A.30 shahng (*shaang ).

N. (1) Top, summit: 山上，屋上 top of hill, roof, see Prep.↓.
(2) The superior, oft. the emperor: 上不悅 the emperor was displeased;
皇上 the emperor, ruler, (vocative) my Lord;
上頭，上面，上方 shahng-tour, shahng-miahn, shahng-fang↓;
上帝 shahng-dih↓.
(3) (*shaang) The third tone: 上聲.
(4) (*shaang) One of the pitches in pentatonic scale.

V.i & t. (1) To go up, mount (mountain, wall): 上船，上車 go aboard ship, car.
(2) To go to: 上來，上去 shahng-lair, shahng-chyuh↓;
上天津 go to Tientsin;
上京 go to Capital;
上城 go to city;
上飯店，上影院 go to restaurant, cinema;
上街 go out (to shop, for a stroll);
上課 go to class;
上學 go to school;
上班 go on duty;
上法院 go to court;
上路 start on journey;
上墳 visit the grave;
上臺 to appear on stage, see □ 20.11;
上宝 to go to bed, also to put dying person on another bed.
(3) Appear on scene or enter category: 上市 (vegetables, etc.) be in season, appear on market;
上水 to go up the river;
上燈時候 time to light lamps;
上貨 replenish supplies;
戲館剛上人兒 people are just coming in to the theater;
上年紀，上歲數兒 getting old;
上千上萬 run to thousands and tens of thousands;
上冬 when winter sets in.
(4) To present: 上菜 serve food on table;
上書 write to a superior;
上奏 present memorial;
某某上 or 敬上 at end of letters added to signature (“presented by so-and-so”);
上條陳 make written recommendations to superior, present an official request.
(5) To affix, apply, place in position: 上門窗 fix windows and doors in new building;
上板兒 to close window before closing up shop;
上梁 place beam on house being built;
上刺刀 fix bayonet;
上鞋底 fix sole on shoe being made;
上領子 affix collar on dress being made;
上顏色 to apply color;
上漆 to apply lacquer;
上糞 apply fertilizer to field;
上捐，上稅 to pay tax on goods;
不上心念書 does not apply one’s mind to school lessons;
請你上眼瞧 please use your eyesight and look.
(6) To wind up (clock, watch, machine);
上鍊 shahng-liahn, to chain up.

Adj. (1) Upper, first, best (opp. 下 lower): 上等 first-class (goods, etc.);
上級 upper grade in school or army;
上品 the first grade (of goods);
上策，上計 the best plan;
上上 Al, the very best;
上下 shahng-shiah↓;
最上 topmost.
(2) Above, previous, last: 上月 last month;
上篇 first chapter or chapter above;
上回，上次 the last time (I saw him, etc.).

Adv. Up, often 上來;
說不上 not worthy to speak of;
攀上 to climb up;
拉上 or 上來 pull up;
拉上我 involve me by mentioning;
飛上 fly up;
走上來 come forward, approach;
追上，趕上 or 上來 catch up;
趕不上 fail to catch, miss (train, meeting).

Prep. (Used after nn.) above, over, oft. 上，以上 or 之上;
三十以上，三百以上 over thirty, three hundred;
在其上 is above it;
路上 on the road;
船上 on the boat;
地上 on the ground;
席上 at table, during dinner;
書上 in the book;
often forms prepositional phr.;
表面上 superficially, on the surface;
心况上 in one’s heart;
口頭上 orally (promise, etc.).

Words 1. 上輩（兒）（子） shahng-beih(’l, tz), n., the elders of the family, the older generation.
2. 上邊（兒） shahng-’bian(shahng-bia-’l), n. & adj., above;
3. 上邊（兒） shahng-’bian(shahng-bia-’l), n. & adj., servants’ or subordinates’ reference to master(s).
4. 上幣 shahng-bih, n., (AC) gold as currency.
5. 上賓 shahng-bin, (1) n., guest of honor;
6. 上賓 shahng-bin, (2) (AC) v.i., (of emperor) to die.
7. 上部 shahng-buh, n., upper part, esp. of body.
8. 上㪫 shahng-chaang, v.i., appear on scene, market or stage: 上㪫門兒 entrance and exit on stage.
9. 上朝 shahng-chaur, v.i., go to imperial audience, go to court duty.
10. 上秤 shahng-chehng, v.i., to put on the scale and weigh.
11. 上前（兒） shahng-chiarn(shahng-chiar-’l), v.i., to come forward.
12. 上去 shahng-chyuh, (1) v.i., to go up: 上不去 cannot go up;
13. 上去 shahng-chyuh, (2) adv., up: 掛上去 hang up;
14. 上去 shahng-chyuh, adv., 拉上去 pull up.
15. 上當 shahng-dahng, v.i., to fall into trap.
16. 上代 shahng-daih, n., (1) the earliest historical times;
17. 上代 shahng-daih, n., (2) the ancestors.
18. 上達 shahng-dar, v.i., (1) (AC) to develop spiritually;
19. 上達 shahng-dar, v.i., (2) to reach the ears of the ruler.
20. 上等 shahng-deeng, adj. & n., firstclass, superior grade.
21. 上德 shahng-der, n., (Laotse) the highest character.
22. 上吊 shahng-diauh, v.i., to hang oneself.
23. 上帝 Shahng-dih, n., (AC and modn. term for) God.
24. 上端 shahng-duan, n., the top end;
25. 上端 shahng-duan, n., what is mentioned above.
26. 上凍 shahng-duhng, v.i., (of river) to freeze.
27. 上顎 shahng-eh, n., roof of mouth.
28. 上方 shahng-fang, n., (1) the place above;
29. 上方 shahng-fang, n., (2) the celestial realm.
30. 上礬 shahng-farn, v.i., apply alum to “size”paper for painting.
31. 上房 shahng-farng, n., master’s quarters, main rooms of Chinese courtyard.
32. 上風 shahng-feng¹, n., point of vantage: 佔上風 stand at advantage, on the windward side.
33. 上㶴 shahng-feng², n., (LL) official superiors, the top people in bureaucracy.
34. 上趕幵 shahng-gaan-’je, v.i., hurry forward to please s.o.: 上趕幵叫老伯 hurried forward and called “uncle!”
35. 上崗兒 shahng-gaang-’l, v.i., (derog.) to sit at honored seat.
36. 上漖 shahng-gou, v.i., (of fish) take the bait;
37. 上漖 shahng-gou, v.i., (also fig.) be entrapped.
38. 上官 shahng-guan, n., (1) official directly in charge or higher-up;
39. 上官 shahng-guan, n., (2) a compound surname.
40. 上工 shahng-gung, v.i., (1) report for work on given date;
41. 上工 shahng-gung, v.i., (2) (Chin. med.) the best skill in diagnosis.
42. 上國 shahng-guor, n., term used to refer to conquering nation by conquered (cf. 勝^國 42A.50).
43. 上古 shahng-guu, n., primordial times.
44. 上海 Shahng-haai, n., Shanghai.
45. 上好 shahng-haau, adj., the best (quality).
46. 上畫兒 shahng-huah-’l, v.i., (of landscape) be a subject for painting, to go into painting.
47. 上皇 shahng-huarng, n., emperor’s father, already retired, also 太上皇.
48. 上會 shahng-hueih, v.i. & n., (to attend or form) temporary association for mutual loan money, decided monthly by highest bidder for interest, or by dice.
49. 上回 shahng-hueir, adv., the last or previous time.
50. 上戶 shahng-huh, n., rich landlords.
51. 上火（兒） shahng-huoo(’l), v.i., to get angry, inflamed with anger.
52. 上賬 shahng-jahng, v.i., to record in the account book.
53. 上陣 shahng-jehn, v.i., to go to battle;
54. 上陣 shahng-jehn, v.i., (fig.) have dispute: 這孩子不聽話，他母親天天和他上陣 the mother has daily rows with the child who would not listen.
55. 上家 shahng-jia, n., the person on one’s left at drinking or gamble.
56. 上尖兒 shahng-jia-’l, v.i., make a heapful (of rice, etc.) in bowl.
57. 上焦 shahng-jiau, n., see 三^焦 30.30;
58. 上焦 shahng-jiau, n., 上焦熱 (Chin. med.) symptoms including irregular pulse, dizziness, inflammation of the eye, dry thirst, etc.
59. 上界 shahng-jieh, n., the upper region of heaven.
60. 上計 shahng-jih, n., the best plan.
61. 上進 shahng-jihn¹, v.i., to go forward, make progress esp. in studies;
62. 上進 shahng-jihn¹, 上進心 n., desire to advance.
63. 上勁 shahng-jihn², v.i., do s.t. energetically, go full steam ahead.
64. 上緊 shahng-jiin, adv., quickly and without delay.
65. 上九 shahng-jioou, n., (1) the ninth day of ninth lunar month;
66. 上九 shahng-jioou, n., (2) (AC) the 29th day of each lunar month (9th being 中九 and 19th the 下九).
67. 上裝 shahng-juang, v.i., fully dress up (as actor or bride).
68. 上知 shahng-jyh, n., (AC) man of highest intelligence.
69. 上客 shahng-keh, n., the most honored or esteemed guest.
70. 上口 shahng-koou, adv., (read) fluently;
71. 上口字 shahng-koou-tzyh, n., (in Peking opera) words pronounced with archaic vowels (thus 知，朱 pr. as ji, jyu).
72. 上款（兒） shahng-kuaan(shahng-kuaa-’l), n., the line of dedication on scroll, usu. on right, as against the signature, 下款 usu. on left.
73. 上來 shahng-lair, v.i., come up.
74. 上列 shahng-lieh, adj., abovementioned or listed.
75. 上流 shahng-liour, adj., (1) first-rate (scholars, etc.);
76. 上流 shahng-liour, adj., upper-class (society);
77. 上流 shahng-liour, (2) n., upper stream.
78. 上落 shahng-luoh, v.t., (MC) to rebuke, take issue with (person).
79. 上略 shahng-lyueh, phr., the top or preceding part omitted.
80. 上門（兒） shahng-mern(shahng-mer-’l), v.i., (1) come to person’s house (to collect debt, etc.);
81. 上門（兒） shahng-mern(shahng-mer-’l), v.i., (2) to lock the door for the night.
82. 上面（兒） shahng-’mian(shahng-’mia-’l), n., one’s master or superior;
83. 上面（兒） shahng-’mian(shahng-’mia-’l), adv., above, on the surface.
84. 上年 shahng-niarn, n. & adv., last year.
85. 上皮 shahng-pir, n., (physiol.) epidermis;
86. 上皮 shahng-pir, n., (bot.) outer bark of trees.
87. 上人 shahng-rern, n., (court. address) monk.
88. 上日 shahng-ryh, n., (AC) the first day of month;
89. 上日 shahng-ryh, n., (LL) a beautiful or festive day.
90. 上腮 shahng-sai, n., upper jaw.
91. 上色 (1) shahng-shaai, v.i., to apply color (to furniture);
92. 上色 (1) shahng-shaai, v.i., distinguished;
93. 上色 (1) shahng-shaai, v.i., 不上色 not distinguished or successful;
94. 上色 (2) (shahng-seh), n., the best grade;
95. 上色 (2) (shahng-seh), n., (AC) a beauty.
96. 上上 shahng-shahng, adj., top grade, A1;
97. 上上 shahng-shahng, adj., 上上月，上上星期 month, week before last;
98. 上上 shahng-shahng, adj., 上上下下 high and low (agree, praise, etc.).
99. 上乘 shahng-shehng, adj., best, exquisite (goods, writing);
100. 上乘 shahng-shehng, adj., (Budd.) maha-yana (=大乘).
101. 上身 shahng-shen, n., upper part of body: 上身兒 also a short jacket;
102. 上身 shahng-shen, n.,上身 also v.i.=鬼上身 gueei-shahng-shen, possessed.
103. 上昇 shahng-sheng, v.i., go up skywards.
104. 上下 shahng-shiah, (1) prep., (after a number) or thereabouts: 三十上下 about thirty;
105. 上下 shahng-shiah, (2) v.i., to differ: 不相上下 match equally;
106. 上下 shahng-shiah, v.i., 上下其手 change wording in legal document to alter meaning slightly by changing emphasis;
107. 上下 shahng-shiah, v.i., 上上下下 to go up and down, both high and low;
108. 上下 shahng-shiah, (3) adj., high and low, above and below;
109. 上下 shahng-shiah, adj., up and down;
110. 上下 shahng-shiah, (4) first and second characters in inquiring or mentioning name of ancestor or monk.
111. 上像 shahng-shiahng, adj., (of person) photogenic: 不上像 not photogenic.
112. 上香 shahng-shiang, v.i., go to temple to pray, esp. on pilgrimage.
113. 上弦 shahng-shiarn, (1) n., second quarter of moon or lunar month;
114. 上弦 shahng-shiarn, (2) v.i., to wind up spring (in watches, etc.).
115. 上庠 shahng-shiarng¹, n., (AC) college of elders.
116. 上詳 shahng-shiarng², v.i., to report to superior.
117. 上鞋 shahng-shier, v.i., formerly, to fix cloth soles to new shoes.
118. 上行 shahng-shirng, v.i., (of boats, carts) going upstream or toward city or place;
119. 上行 shahng-shirng, v.i., opp. 下行 going away from.
120. 上手 shahng-shoou¹, (1) n., the predecessor;
121. 上手 shahng-shoou¹, n., one’s superior;
122. 上手 shahng-shoou¹, (2) v.i., to get in one’s hand, to get (victim, fish on hook).
123. 上首 shahng-shoou², n., the honored one;
124. 上首 shahng-shoou², n., the leader, boss.
125. 上壽 shahng-shouh, (1) adj., having reached highest grade of longevity (AC 100 or 120 yrs.);
126. 上壽 shahng-shouh, (2) v.i., to drink a toast for longevity.
127. 上書 shahng-shu¹, v.i., to write to ruler or high official.
128. 上疏 shahng-shu², v.i., to submit memorial to emperor.
129. 上士 shahng-shyh¹, n., (1) (AC) best kind of scholar;
130. 上士 shahng-shyh¹, n., (2) (modn.) first-class sergeant.
131. 上世 shahng-shyh², n., primeval times;
132. 上世 shahng-shyh², n., earliest historical periods.
133. 上選 shahng-shyuaan, n. & adj., select or choice (goods, scholars).
134. 上學 shahng-shyuer, v.i., go to school.
135. 上旬 shahng-shyurn, n., the first ten days of the month.
136. 上算 shahng-suahn, adj., it pays to (do s.t.): 不上算 does not pay to do it.
137. 上訴 shahng-suh, v.i., to appeal to higher court.
138. 上司 shahng-’sy, n., one’s official superior.
139. 上台 shahng-tair¹, v.i., to go on the stage;
140. 上台 shahng-tair¹, v.i., (fig.) (of officials) to come into power, be appointed as premier, minister.
141. 上檯 shahng-tair², v.i., to make a parade of bride’s trousseau on the streets, including jewels, beddings, etc.
142. 上堂 shahng-tang, v.i., to go up the hall, also to go to class.
143. 上湯 shahng-tarng, n., formerly, soup served at end of feast, when tips were given and guests rose.
144. 上套兒 shahng-tauh-’l, v.i., to fall into trap.
145. 上天 shahng-tian, (1) n., the sky above, oft. personified, upper space;
146. 上天 shahng-tian, (2) v.i., go up to heaven.
147. 上體 shahng-tii, n., upper part of body.
148. 上頭 shahng-tour, (1) v.i., (AC) ceremony of coming of age for boys and girls;
149. 上頭 shahng-tour, (2) pron. & prep., (shahng-’tou) those above, above.
150. 上蒼 shahng-tsang, n., the blue sky, oft. personified.
151. 上操 shahng-tsau, v.i., go to drill.
152. 上策 shahng-tseh, n., the best plan.
153. 上次 shahng-tsyh, n. & adv., the previous time, last (time).
154. 上□ shahng-tzauh, v.i., serve in the kitchen.
155. 上座 shahng-tzuoh, (1) n., the seat of honor;
156. 上座 shahng-tzuoh, (2) v.i., to begin Buddhist mass;
157. 上座 shahng-tzuoh, v.i., 上座兒 customers begin to come into restaurant.
158. 上足 shahng-tzur, n., (1) able student, see 高^足 60.42;
159. 上足 shahng-tzur, n., (2) (AC) superior horses.
160. 上祖 shahng-tzuu, n., remote ancestor.
161. 上梓 shahng-tzyy, v.i., (of books) go to press (lit., “carved on wood block”).
162. 上位 shahng-weih, n., top seat: 在上位 (AC) when serving as ruler.
163. 上文 shahng-wern¹, n., the preceding context.
164. 上聞 shahng-wern², v.i., (LL) formerly, to write to imperial court.
165. 上屋 shahng-wu, n., the upper rooms of a courtyard.
166. 上午 shahng-wuu, n., morning, the forenoon.
167. 上壓力 shahng-ya-lih, n., upward pressure, opp. 下壓力 downward pressure.
168. 上眼 shahng-yaan¹, v.i., to look at intently: 看不上眼 spurn, disdain, hold in contempt.
169. 上演 shahng-yaan², v.i., give a public performance.
170. 上言 shahng-yarn, v.i., (LL) respectfully submit (request, etc.).
171. 上夜 shahng-yeh¹, v.i., (of watchman) be on night duty, to watch the night.
172. 上葉 shahng-yeh², n., (LL) former times (葉=代).
173. 上衣 shahng-yi, n., outer garment.
174. 上映 shahng-yihng, v.i., to exhibit (films);
175. 上映 shahng-yihng, v.i., also (movie, film) now showing.
176. 上癮 shahng-yiin, v.i., to form habit (in use of narcotics, etc.);
177. 上癮 shahng-yiin, adj., addicted.
178. 上游 shahng-your, n., the upper stream.
179. 上苑 shahng-yuahn, n., imperial garden.
180. 上元 shahng-yuarn, n., the 15th day of lunar first month, a lantern festival.
181. 上月 shahng-yueh, n., last month.
182. 上諭 shahng-yuh, n., imperial decree.

止 Num. Index: 21A.30 jyy .

Fin.part. (AC) 百室盈止，婦子寧止 all the rooms are full and the womenfolk are content.

N. 容止 a person’s demeanor;
人而無止 (AC) if a man does not have proper appearance;
𡈼止 stature, gait, bodily movements: 舉止大方 the dignified movements of a gentleman.

V.i & t. (1) V.i., to stop : 停止 (work, etc.) stops;
截止 cut short;
中止 stop halfway;
止住了 has stopped;
流個不止 flow without stop;
適可而止 do not overdo a thing, play it just right;
禁止，阻止 to forbid, obstruct.
(2) V.t., to stop s.t., (as bleeding, cough, thirst, hunger, gossip, pain, itch, anger, etc.): 止戈為武 (AC) to disarm military prowess (from an ancient explanation of the character 武 as consisting of “stop”and “arms”);
望梅止渴 (AC allu.) tell the army there are prunes ahead so as to stop their thirst—wishful thinking.
(3) To stop over at a place: 止宿 jyy-suh↓;
to have as final goal;
止于至善 (AC) to aim at absolute perfection.
(4) (AC) to arrive: □止.

Adj. Still (water): 止水不波 still water does not have ripples—dead to the sins of the flesh;
心如止水 a mind tranquil as still waters.

Adv. U.f. 只 only: 止是 (=只是) only thing is;
止得 (=只得) only have to.

Words 1. 止步 jyy-buh, phr., as in (1) 遊人止步 a formula “loiterers not permitted”;
2. 止步 jyy-buh, phr., (2) 請止步 a formula asking host not to trouble to accompany departing guest further.
3. 止風 jyy-feng, phr., (Chin. med.) stop arthritic pain.
4. 止觀 jyy-guan, phr., (Budd.) maintain mental calm while observing the universe—a sect emphasizing mental discipline.
5. 止境 jyy-jihng (jyy-’jing), n., the destination, ultimate goal: 學無止境 there is no end to learning.
6. 止血 jyy-shyueh, v.i., to stop bleeding.
7. 止宿 jyy-suh, v.i., to stop over for the night.
8. 止痛劑 jyy-tuhng-jih, n., analgesic.

些 Num. Index: 21A.30 shie (*suoh )

Fin. part. (*suoh) (AC) only in 楚辭 poetry) particle expressing regret: 何為四方些 “why wander about?”

Adj. (1) Few, a few, indicating plural number:一些 or often contracted to just 些, a few, limited to countable nn. (books, persons, chairs), while 一點兒 a little is used for countable and uncountable nn. (water, oil, strength);
一些書，一些人，一些椅子, but 加點水，添點油，出點力量 (also see sense 2);
些微，些須，些許 shie-weir, shie-shyu, shie-shyuu↓, 有些 some, few;
有些人 some people;
有些時候 sometimes;
有些不同，有些兩樣 there’s some difference;
好些 quite a few;
好些人 quite a few people.
(2) Used after 這，那 as indicating plural: 這些 these;
那些 those.

Adv. A little: 多些，少些 a little more, a little less;
方便些 a little more convenient;
好聽些 sounds a little better.

Words 1. 些箇 shie-’ge, (1) adv., (MC) a little (＝些兒): 滿縣人都讓他些箇 all the people in the district deferred to him a bit, do not quite measure up to him;
2. 些箇 shie-’ge, (2) pron., 這些箇，那些箇 these, those.
3. 些兒 shie-’l, (1) adv., a little, a bit: 些兒來時，已成不救 if he had come a little later, it would have been too late;
4. 些兒 shie-’l, 不害些兒怕 (=一點不害怕) am not a bit afraid;
5. 些兒 shie-’l, (2) n., 些兒短不得 won’t take a little less—must have the amount;
6. 些兒 shie-’l, also 些兒箇 adv. & n., a little, a few, a bit: 你曉事些兒箇 you’d better know a little what you are doing.
7. 些少 shie-shaau, (1) adj. & adv., a little (time, attention, etc.): 有些少不便 there’s some inconvenience;
8. 些少 shie-shaau, (2) n., 給我些少 give me a little.
9. 些小 shie-shiaau, (1) adj. & adv., a little, just a little;
10. 些小 shie-shiaau, (2) n., 懂得些小 know just a little.
11. 些些 shie-shie, adj. & adv., a little: 有些些似外翁 a little resembles his maternal grandfather;
12. 些些 shie-shie, adj. & adv., 窗兒外雨些些 some light rain outside the window.
13. 些時 shie-shyr, adv., a little while.
14. 些須 shie-shyu, adj. & adv., some, few, a little: 些須懂得 understand a little.
15. 些許 shie-shyuu, adj. & adv., see shie-shyu↑: 些許禮物 just some little present;
16. 些許 shie-shyuu, adj. & adv., 些許小事 just some small matter.
17. 些子（兒） shie-tz(’l), adj. & adv., (MC) a little.
18. 些微 shie-weir, adj. & adv., a little: 些微銀子 a little money;
19. 些微 shie-weir, adj. & adv., 些微不同 some slight difference.

□ Num. Index: 21A.30 shyu . [Var. of 虛 21A.30↓]

虛 Num. Index: 21A.30 shyu .

N. (1) The sky, the empyrean: 太虛 the great void, outer space;
凌虛 soar to the skies.
(2) A vulnerable, not defended, point: 乘虛而入 (the enemy) enter, taking advantage of the unpreparedness.

V.t. To reserve space: 虛左（虛位）以待 reserve the honored post for s.o. competent.

Adj. (1) Empty, unoccupied, void: 空虛 empty;
虛空 shyu-kung↓;
虛無縹渺 (talk which is) abstruse, vague, insubstantial;
膝下猶虛 (of married couple) still childless.
(2) Vain, nominal: 虛名虛利 reputation and material wealth, regarded as vain;
虛文 shyu-wern↓;
虛銜，虛號 nominal title;
虛言，虛辭 vain words, promises;
虛談 twaddle, “gas.”
(3) Humble, openminded: 謙虛 modest;
虛心，虛懷，虛沖 shyu-shin, shyu-huair, shyu-chung↓.
(4) Timid: 膽虛 timid, frightened;
心虛 (contrast 虛心 above) have a guilty conscience.
(5) Weak: 虛弱 shyu-ruoh↓;
體虛 body is weakened.
(6) False, insubstantial, worthless: 虛偽 shyu-weih↓;
不知虛實 do not know whether it is true or false;
虛情假意 hypocritical show of cordiality;
虛與委蛇 pretend to have interest and sympathy;
虛報 make a false report (of funds);
虛謗 malign gossip;
虛詐 shyu-jah↓.

Adv. (1) Vainly, without truth, substance or result: 虛度光陰 waste time;
彈無虛發 no shot was wasted;
虛有其表 (of man) good looks without substantial ability or virility;
虛張聲勢 make pretenses (of wealth, power);
虛應故事 do s.t. for form’s sake only;
這位等於虛設 the post exists nominally only;
虛耗公帑 waste public funds;
虛費 sundry, unnecessary expenses.
(2) Based on imagination rather than reality: 虛設，虛想，虛構，虛擬 shyu-sheh, shyu-shiaang, shyu-gouh, shyu-nii↓.

Words 1. 虛白 shyu-bor¹, phr., 虛室生白 (AC) light of meditation in an empty house.
2. 虛薄 shyu-bor², adj., thin, insubstantial (provisions, character).
3. 虛怯 shyu-chieh, adj., timid.
4. 虛器 shyu-chih, n., (AC) ability without power.
5. 虛𢓭 shyu-chung, adj., open-minded and modest.
6. 虛誕 shyu-dahn, adj., given to exaggeration, exaggerated, fantastic.
7. 虛浮 shyu-fur, adj., flighty, superficial (opinions).
8. 虛構 shyu-gouh, adj. & n., purely imaginative, -tion.
9. 虛恭 shyu-gung, adj., (1) modest, retiring;
10. 虛恭 shyu-gung, adj., (2) 出虛恭 let off gas, from 出恭 regular bowel movement.
11. 虛喝 shyu-heh, v.i., to threaten with words.
12. 虛幻 shyu-huahn, adj., vain, vainglorious;
13. 虛幻 shyu-huahn, adj.,(Budd.) illusive, false (appearance of sensuous experience).
14. 虛懷 shyu-huair, adj., modest, open-minded: 虛懷若谷 (Taoist) receptive heart “like the valley,”free from pride and prejudices.
15. 虛火 shyu-huoo, n., (1) (Chin. med.) fever or nervous heart from gen. weakness: 虛火上升 easily get excited, irascible;
16. 虛火 shyu-huoo, n., (2) (contempt.) (rely on) s.o. else’s power or influence.
17. 虛詐 shyu-jah, adj., deceitful, tricky.
18. 虛假 shyu-jiaa, adj., deceitful, false, hypocritical, also 虛虛假假.
19. 虛竭 shyu-jier, adj., exhausted (vitality, funds).
20. 虛靜 shyu-jihng, adj., quiet and passionless.
21. 虛己 shyu-jii, adj., not self-opinionated, ready to listen to advice.
22. 虛驚 shyu-jing, v.i. & n., (to experience) a false alarm: 受了虛驚 received a shock;
23. 虛驚 shyu-jing, v.i. & n., 飽受虛驚 suffer from nervous fears.
24. 虛衷 shyu-jung, adj., open-minded, willing to take advice;
25. 虛衷 shyu-jung, adj., modest.
26. 虛曠 shyu-kuahng, adj., broad and open (country).
27. 虛空 shyu-kung, n., (1) the upper space;
28. 虛空 shyu-kung, n., (2) (Budd.) void, emptiness of the material world, also adj., unreal, insubstantial.
29. 虛勞 shyu-laur, n., (Chin. med.) gen. debility.
30. 虛面子 shyu-miahn-tz, n., insincere gesture of politeness, formal hospitality or friendship.
31. 虛靡 shyu-mii, v.t., to waste (time, funds).
32. 虛名 shyu-mirng, n., (1) hollow reputation;
33. 虛名 shyu-mirng, n., (2) nominal office, title or rank.
34. 虛擬 shyu-nii, v.i. & t. & n., conjecture, hypothetical supposition.
35. 虛牝 shyu-pihn, n., empty valley: 虛牝光陰 waste good time.
36. 虛弱 shyu-ruoh, adj., debilitated (health), lacking in vitality.
37. 虛榮 shyu-rurng, n., vainglory: 虛榮心 vanity, love of vainglory.
38. 虛設 shyu-sheh, adj., nominal (title, position).
39. 虛聲 shyu-sheng, (1) adj. & adv., making exaggerated reports;
40. 虛聲 shyu-sheng, (2) n., false reports (of victory, etc.).
41. 虛想 shyu-shiaang, n. & v.i., imagine, -ation, a mere wish.
42. 虛線 shyu-shiahn, n., dotted line.
43. 虛像 shyu-shiahng, n., (phys.) virtual image.
44. 虛邪 (1) shyu-shier, adj., debilitated;
45. 虛邪 (2) (shyu-shyur= 虛徐) adj., leisurely.
46. 虛心 shyu-shin, adj., not selfopinionated, ready to take advice.
47. 虛數 shyu-shuh, n., (math.) imaginary number.
48. 虛實 shyu-shyr, n., truth or opposite of a matter: 探聽軍中虛實 spy on enemy’s true conditions or plans.
49. 虛頭 shyu-tour, n., (coll.) empty talk.
50. 虛辭 shyu-tsyr, n., subterfuge, irrelevant talk.
51. 虛脫 shyu-tuo, n. & v.i., (med.) physical collapse from gen. debility, to be in such symptom.
52. 虛足 shyu-tzur, n., (zoo.) pseudopodia.
53. 虛字 shyu-tzyh, n., (Chin. gram.) functional words (conj., adv., exclamation) versus 實字 substantive words (n. & pron.).
54. 虛妄 shyu-wahng, adj., absurd, ostentatious and fake.
55. 虛偽 shyu-weih, adj. & n., false, -ness;
56. 虛偽 shyu-weih, adj. & n., hypocritical, -crisy.
57. 虛文 shyu-wern, n., routine formalities: 虛文褥節 empty forms, rituals.
58. 虛無 shyu-wur, adj. & n., unreal, -ity;
59. 虛無 shyu-wur, adj. & n., 虛無主義 nihilism.
60. 虛言 shyu-yarn, n., empty talk.
61. 虛譽 shyu-yuh, n., fame without substance.

盧 Num. Index: 21A.30 lur .

N. (1) (AC) a vessel;
a hound.
(2) A surname.

Adj. (AC) black color: 呼盧喝雉 (LL) to gamble (shouting for black and red as at crab game).

Words 1. 盧比 Lur-bii, n., rupee.
2. 盧布 Lur-buh, n., rouble.
3. 盧森堡 Lur-sen-baau, n., Luxemberg.

占 Num. Index: 21A.40 jan (*jahn ).

V.i. & t. (1) To practise divination: 占卜，占卦，占星 jan-buu, jan-guah, jan-shing↓;
早占勿藥 phr., already recovered from illness (“as foretold by divination”), wish you a speedy recovery.
(2) To versify: 口占一絕 repeated a verse just composed.
(3) (*jahn) (Interch. 佔) to occupy (place): 占領，占有，占先 *jahn-liing, *jahn-yoou, *jahn-shian↓.

Words 1. 占卜 jan-buu, v.i. & t., to practise divination.
2. 占斷 jan-duahn, v.t., to determine or find out by divination: 占斷吉凶 find out good or bad luck.
3. 占卦 jan-guah, v.i. & n., (to make) divination by 八卦 or arrangement of the eight diagrams;
4. 占卦 jan-guah, v.i. & n., see 八^卦 ba-guah, 80.80.
5. 占據 *jahn-jyuh, v.t., to occupy illegally or by force.
6. 占課 jan-keh, v.i., see jan-guah↑.
7. 占領 *jahn-liing, v.t., see *jahn-jyuh↑.
8. 占先 *jahn-shian, v.i., to occupy before others, to pre-empt.
9. 占星 jan-shing, v.i., to divine by astrology.
10. 占驗 jan-yahn, n., confirmation of oracle.
11. 占有 *jahn-yoou, v.t., jahn-jyuh↑.

訾 Num. Index: 21A.40 tzyy .

N. (AC) fault of s.o.

V.t. (1) Criticize: 訾短 point out s.o.’s shortcomings;
訾毀 detract (s.o.) behind his back;
訾病 criticize severely;
訾議 take (s.o.) to task.
(2) (AC) to measure: 訾粟而稅 pay taxes in kind.

Adj. (AC) poor or inferior quality: 訾食者不肥 one brought up on poor food can’t be physically strong.

旨 Num. Index: 21A.41 jyy .

N. (1) Main idea, aim: 宗旨 aim;
意旨 a man’s desire or aim in some undertaking;
遵從意旨 obey s.o.’s desire;
本旨，主旨，大旨 main idea or purpose (of book, organization);
要旨 essential point(s);
旨趣 jyy-chyuh↓.
(2) Imperial decree: 聖旨 ditto;
請旨 ask for His Majesty’s desire;
奉旨 by His Majesty’s decree.

Adj. (LL) beautiful (words), delicious (food, smell): 旨哉斯言 how true, how beautiful these words;
旨酒 fine wine;
美旨，甘旨 delicious food.

Words 1. 旨趣 jyy-chyuh, n., essential idea, purport (in speech, teachings).
2. 旨蓄 jyy-shyuh, n., (AC) store of good food.
3. 旨意 jyy-yi, n., (1) a sovereign’s desire expressed or not;
4. 旨意 jyy-yi, n., (2) essential purport.

皆 Num. Index: 21A.41 jie .

Pron. Everybody, all: 皆大歡喜 (orig. Budd.) satisfaction of everybody concerned;
四海之內皆兄弟也 within the four seas all men are brothers.

Adv. (LL) all: 皆失 all lost;
盡皆 all without exception;
皆然 all like this: 皆因 all because.

眥 Num. Index: 21A.41 tzyh . [Var. □]

N. The socket of the eye: 目眥欲裂 with a fiery look (as if one’s eyes would “pop out”).

V.i. Stare with an angry look: 睚眥 look at s.o. in anger;
睚眥必報 would not let any one get away even with a hostile look.

睿 Num. Index: 21A.41 rueih .

Adj. (1) Gifted with a keen insight, astute, sagacious, perspicacious: 睿知 rueih-jyh↓;
睿哲 rueih-jer↓.
(2) Referring to things belonging to or done by the sovereign: 睿藻 works written by the emperor.

Words 1. 睿哲 rueih-jer, adj., (LL) divinely wise, saintly.
2. 睿知 rueih-jyh, n., (LL) (1) keen perception;
3. 睿知 rueih-jyh, n., (2) the rational faculty.

督 Num. Index: 21A.41 du .

N. & v.t. (1) Supervise, oversee, direct: 監督 direct, -tor, see many compp.↓;
forming names of many offices: 總督 governor of province;
都督 governor;
督撫 civil (總督) and military (巡撫) governors;
督憲，督堂 court. address of governor;
督戰 to direct campaign;
督課 to inspect work done.
(2) (AC) middle seam of jacket.

Words 1. 督辦 du-bahn, n., director, director general (of railway administration, iron works, etc.).
2. 督察 du-char, n., inspector, inspector general (of customs, tax administation, etc.);
3. 督察 du-char, v.t., to inspect and supervise.
4. 督飭 du-chyh, v.t., supervise and direct.
5. 督軍 du-jyun, n., (early Republican days) governor of one or more provinces.
6. 督理 du-lii, v.t., supervise.
7. 督率 du-shuaih, v.t., lead (troops, followers).
8. 督師 du-shy, n., commander appointed by court to take overall charge of campaign.
9. 督學 du-shyuer, n., educational commissioner or inspector.
10. 督促 du-tsuh, v.t., to hurry, speed up (work, construction, etc.).
11. 督責 du-tzer, v.i. & t., closely supervise (work, worker, student).

卣 Num. Index: 21A.41 yoou .

N. An ancient wine vessel.

鹵 Num. Index: 21A.41 luu .

N. (1) Rock salt;
natural salt on land.
(2) (AC) big shield.

V.t. Used as var. of 擄 to capture.

Adj. Coarse, rash, stupid: 粗鹵 (of person) rash, coarse;
鹵漢 coarse person. (In this sense oft. wr. 魯).

Words 1. 鹵簿 luu-buh, (1) (AC) protocol in imperial procession;
2. 鹵簿 luu-buh, (2) (AC) bodyguard of nobility.
3. 鹵地 luu-dih, n., alkaline soil.
4. 鹵獲 luu-huoh, v.t., to capture in battle.
5. 鹵鹼 luu-jiaan, n., alkalis.
6. 鹵掠 luu-lyueh, v.t., to capture and loot.
7. 鹵莽 lur-maang, adj., as in 鹵莽滅裂 (of person) reckless, rash (also 魯莽).
8. 鹵素 luu-suh, n., (chem.) halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine).
9. 鹵鹽 luu-yarn, n., natural salt.

肯 Num. Index: 21A.42 keen (also keeng ). [Archaic var. □，□]

V.i. & aux. Be willing (to): 肯不肯 are you willing, will you? 他肯嗎 is he willing? 不肯來 is not willing to come, will not come;
肯吃苦，肯做事 is willing to work hard, to take up things.

Words 1. 肯綮 keen-chihng, n., meat joints;
2. 肯綮 keen-chihng, n., (fig.) critical or important juncture, essential points.
3. 肯定 keen-dihng adj., (1) affirmative, as opp. 否定 negative (answer, vote);
4. 肯定 keen-dihng adj., (2) positive, determined (resolve, attitude).

膚 Num. Index: 21A.42 fu .

N. Human skin: (vern.) 皮膚髮膚 hair and skin;
切膚之痛 hurt in most intimately close manner;
膚受之愬 (AC) rumor to smear which hurts intimately;
不膚撓 (AC) do not flinch from blows.

Adj. (1) Skin-deep: 膚淺 fu-chiaan↓.
(2) Vague, superficial, see 膚泛，膚廓 fu-fahn, fu-guor↓.
(3) great, admirable: 膚功 (AC) great achievement;
膚敏 (AC) handsome and agile of body.

Words 1. 膚淺 fu-chiaan, adj., superficial, “skin-deep” (of knowkedge, discussion).
2. 膚泛 fu-fahn, adj., vague (cf. 浮^泛 63A.00).
3. 膚廓 fu-guor, adj., (LL) grandiloquent, impractical.

胔 Num. Index: 21A.42 tzyh .

N. (AC) (1) Dried bones of birds or animals.
(2) Putrid meat.

Num. Index: 21A.50 yuu . [Abbr. of 與 90.80]

虜 Num. Index: 21A.50 luu ( also luoo ).

N. Captive: 俘虜 war prisoner.

V.t. To capture (var. of 擄 10A.50).

孶 Num. Index: 21A.63 diaan . [Pop. for 點 41S.40]

匕 Num. Index: 21A.70 bii .

N. (1) (AC) spoon.
(2) Arrowhead.

Words 1. 匕首 bii-shoou, n., short sword, bayonet: 圖窮而匕首見 come to open hostility after subterfuges fail.

虎 Num. Index: 21A.70 huu .

N. (1) Tiger: 老虎 tiger (not necessarily “old”);
猛虎 a fierce tiger;
如虎添翼 lend support to rebel (“like adding wing to tiger”);
虎頭捉虱，虎頭抓蒼蠅 try to catch lice, flies, on tiger’s head…unwise provocation;
捋 (or 拔) 虎鬚 “twist tiger’s whiskers”—twist lion’s tail;
勢成騎虎，騎虎難下 like riding on tiger—afraid to go on and unable to get down;
不入虎穴，焉得虎子 the only way to catch tiger cubs is to go into tiger’s den—take necessary risk;
虎毒不食兒 even a beast does not eat its young;
為虎作倀^91A.02;
虎口 (a) a dangerous spot, (b) (fortune-telling) area between thumb and index finger;
虎口餘生 narrowly escape from danger;
虎步 a great warrior’s firm strides like the tiger’s;
虎背熊腰 (a person) of a stocky and imposing build, boxer’s sinuous posture;
虎視耽耽 cast covetous eyes on;
虎頭虎腦 (person’s) appearance of strength;
踏虎尾，虎尾春冰 like treading on tiger’s tail or spring ice;
虎頭蛇尾 (of affairs) a brave beginning and weak ending.
(2) Tiger as symbol of ferocity or bravery: 虎而冠 a vindictive person (tiger in a human cap);
虎將 a brave general;
虎帳 general’s tent;
虎臣 brave ministers;
虎士 brave fighter;
虎狼之性voracious, violent nature;
虎威 fearinspiring prowess.
(3) A surname.

Words 1. 虎榜 hur-baang, n., announcement of successful military graduates.
2. 虎賁 huu-ben, n., (AC) a brave warriors.
3. 虎蹲砲 huu-dun-pauh, n., (1) a short-barreled mortar;
4. 虎蹲砲 huu-dun-pauh, n., (2) an ancient catapult.
5. 虎耳草 hur-eel-tsaau, n., (bot.) the saxifrage.
6. 虎符 huu-fur, n., a general’s seal.
7. 虎掌 hur-jaang, n., (bot.) a poisonous plant, the jack-in-the-pulpit.
8. 虎帳 huu-jahng, n., a general’s tent.
9. 虎列拉 huu-lieh-la, n., (translit.) cholera, now usu. called 霍亂.
10. 虎皮豆兒 huu-pir-douh-’l, n., (1) a kind of black spotted bean;
11. 虎皮豆兒 huu-pir-douh-’l, n., (2) an insect resembling (1).
12. 虎穴 huu-shier, n., tiger’s den, esp. 虎穴龍潭 a hazardous spot.
13. 虎鬚 huu-shyu, n., (1) tiger’s whiskers;
14. 虎鬚 huu-shyu, n., (2) lamp pith.
15. 虎頭拍 huu-’tour-pai, n., words to scare (person).
16. 虎頭牌 huu-tour-pair, n., a sign of magistrate’s office to “keep off.”
17. 虎刺 huu-tsyh, n., (bot.) the barberry, Damnacanthus indicus.
18. 虎子 huu-tzyy, n., a tiger cub.

彪 Num. Index: 21A.70 biau .

N. (1) Tiger’s stirpes.
(2) (AC) Young tiger.
(3) A surname.

Adj. Tiger-like: 彪形 martiallooking and handsome.

Words 1. 彪炳 biau-biing, adj., shining, glorious (achievement).
2. 彪蒙 biau-merng, v.i., (arch.) develop the mind.
3. 彪子 biau-tz, n., frolicsome creature;
4. 彪子 biau-tz, n., 半彪子 crude, immature person.

歲 Num. Index: 21A.71 sueih . [Abbr. □]

N. (1) Year: 歲歲 or 歲歲年年 from year to year;
歲出，歲入，歲收 as adj., annual, see sueih-chu, sueih-ruh, sueih-shou↓;
歲杪，歲尾 sueih-miaau, sueih-weei↓;
歲晚，歲闌，歲暮 late in the year, the year drawing to its close;
歲寒三友 “three friends in winter”—the pine, the bamboo and the plum;
隔歲 the following year;
客歲，去歲 last year;
新歲 the new year;
凶歲，豐歲 a year of bad, good, crops.
(2) Year of age: 年歲 ditto;
歲數 sueih-’shuh↓;
幾歲 how old (are you)?;
五十歲 is fifty years old;
…萬歲 long live…! 千歲 long live (the prince);
週歲 first birthday, first anniversary.

Words 1. 歲出 sueih-chu, n., annual expenditure.
2. 歲除 sueih-chur, n., New Year’s Eve.
3. 歲俸 sueih-fehng, n., annaul salary.
4. 歲費 sueih-feih, n., annual expenditure.
5. 歲功 sueih-gung, n., (AC) annual harvest.
6. 歲華 sueih-huar, n., the the procession of the seasons.
7. 歲朝 sueih-jau, n., (AC) New Year’s Day.
8. 歲計 sueih-jih, n., annual budget.
9. 歲君 sueih-jyun, n., a constellation in power for a certain year.
10. 歲杪 sueih-miaau, n., year’s end.
11. 歲入 sueih-ruh, n., annual revenue, income.
12. 歲星 sueih-shing, n., the planet Jupiter which marks the twelve-year cycle.
13. 歲首 sueih-shoou, n., year’s beginning.
14. 歲收 sueih-shou, n., annual income;
15. 歲收 sueih-shou, n., annul harvest.
16. 歲數（兒） sueih-’shu(’l), n., a person’s age: 多少歲數 how many years of age?
17. 歲時 sueih-shyr, n., the procession of the seasons.
18. 歲尾 sueih-weei, n., year’s end.
19. 歲月 sueih-yueh, n., the years and months—the passing of time: 歲月無情 time and tide wait for no man.
20. 歲運 sueih-yuhn, n., person’s luck during a certain year.

忐 Num. Index: 21A.72 taan .

Words 1. 忐忑 taan-teh, adj., uneasy: 心中忐忑 (“up and down”), 忐忑不安 uneasy at heart.

惄 Num. Index: 21A.72 nih .

Adj. (AC) sad: 惄焉如擣 (AC) my heart is greatly disturbed (lit., “pounding”).

慮 Num. Index: 21A.72 lyuh .

N. & v.i. & t. (1) Be concerned, worry: 慮及 concerned about (future);
憂慮，愁慮 worry, fear for;
疑慮 worry in uncertainty;
遠慮 be concerned about distant future, also n., farsightedness, forethought;
無慮數百 may well run into hundreds.
(2) Plan, consider: 考慮：他答應要考慮 he promised to consider;
謀慮，計慮 plan and consider (future);
深謀遠慮 great foresight and plan for the future;
焦慮 worrying anxiously.

毖 Num. Index: 21A.72 bih .

V.i & t. (AC) (1) provide against: 而毖後患 provide against future troubles.
(2) Take trouble to, be concerned.

Adj. (AC) flowing, gushing (spring).

貞 Num. Index: 21A.80 jen (also jeng ).

N. & v.t. Divination, to divine: 貞卜文字 oracle characters.

Adj. (1) Chaste: 貞節 jen-jier↓;
貞婦 chaste woman;
貞女 chaste girl;
守貞 keep one’s virginity.
(2) Loyal: 忠貞 faithful, loyal (minister, etc.).
(3) Hard (wood): 貞木 jen-muh↓.

Words 1. 貞白 jen-bair, adj., chaste, of unsullied character.
2. 貞固 jen-guh, adj., of unswerving loyalty.
3. 貞節 jen-jier¹, (1) adj. & n., (chaste) virginity (貞) and widowhood (節)：貞節觀念 the concept of chastity;
4. 貞節 jen-jier¹, adj. &n., see 節 92A.22;
5. 貞節 jen-jier¹, (2) n., integrity in men.
6. 貞潔 jen-jier², adj., (of maiden) pure and chaste.
7. 貞烈 jen-lieh, adj., willing to commit suicide out of loyalty of love;
8. 貞烈 jen-lieh, adj., n., such woman or maiden.
9. 貞木 jen-muh, n., hardwood, symbolic of men of integrity or loyalty.
10. 貞淑 jen-shur, adj., (of woman) pure and intelligent.
11. 貞操 jen-tsau, n., (1) feminine purity of character, chastity;
12. 貞操 jen-tsau, n., (2) man’s faith or integrity.

貲 Num. Index: 21A.80 tzy .

N. (1) Riches, wealth.
(2) A limited amount: 所損不貲，損失不貲 suffer no small amount of damage.

虞 Num. Index: 21A.81 yur .

N. (1) A matter of concern, error, danger: 之虞 danger of (drowning, fire, etc.);
無虞 without any accident;
不虞 accident: 有什麼不虞發生 if anything untoward should happen.
(2) Name of regime of Emperor Shuhn 舜 (2255-2205 B.C.), see Appendix D.
(3) A surname.

V.i. To worry: 堪虞 justify worry, may well happen.

Adj. Happy, contented.

□ Num. Index: 21A.82 pu . [One of the radicals, modern from □, appearing on right side of character, usually pertaining to some form of action, in characters like 收 receive, 放 let go, 攷 examine, 數 count, etc.]

V.i. & t. (AC) Strike, tap lightly.

虔 Num. Index: 21A.82 chiarn . [Cogn. 謹]

V.t. (AC) to rob.

Adj. Devout, sincere, see compp.↓.

Words 1. 虔誠 chiarn-cherng, adj., pious, devout (believer).
2. 虔虔 chiarn-chiarn, adj. & adv., reverent, -ly, worshipful, -ly
3. 虔敬 chiarn-jihng, adj. & adv., reverent, -ly.
4. 虔恪 chiarn-keh, adj., earnest, pious.
5. 虔婆 chiarn-por, n., (coll., abusive) vixen, old hag, procuress.
6. 虔心 chiarn-shin, adj., devout.

處 Num. Index: 21A.83 chuh (*chuu as vb.).

N. (1) A place: 處處，到處，四處，各處 everywhere;
何處 where;
此處 here;
他處，別處 another place;
敝處 my humble home;
處所 chuh-suoo↓.
(2) Point, often used for ending of abstract nn.: 難處 difficulty;
疑處，不同處 point of doubt, of difference;
長處，短處 one’s good point, shortcoming;
好處，壞處 good and bad points.
(3) Bureau, office, department, section: 警務處 police department;
宪生處 department of sanitation;
情報處 information service;
辦事處 office;
報名處 registration office;
收費處 cashier’s office;
處長，處主任 department chief.

V.i. & t. (*chuu) (1) To live, stay: 獨處 to live alone;
處約 live in poverty;
處境困難 live in difficult circumstances;
處在，處於 be placed in (situation);
處於死地 to send (person) to his doom.
(2) To conduct, carry on, deal with: 處身 conduct oneself;
處世 carry on or deal with the world;
處世之道 a way of life;
相處，共處 (two people) carry on , get along (well, not well);
處不來 cannot carry on.
(3) To manage, deal with;
處理，處置，處事 chuh-lii, chuh-jyh², chuh-shyh²↓.
(4) To punish: 處刑，處治，處分，處死 chuh-shirng, chuh-jyh¹, chuh-fehn, chuh-syy↓.

Words 1. 處處 chuh-chuh, adv., everywhere.
2. 處斷 *chuu-duahn, v.t., to decide on difficult problem.
3. 處方 chuh-fang, n. & v.i., prescription;
4. 處方 chuh-fang, n. & v.i., to prescribe.
5. 處罰 *chuu-far, v.t., to punish.
6. 處分 *chuu-’fehn, v.t., ditto: 受處分 be punished.
7. 處斬 *chur-jaan, v.t., to execute (criminal).
8. 處境 *chuu-jihng, (1) n., circumstances;
9. 處境 *chuu-jihng, (2) v.t., be placed in situation.
10. 處治 *chuu-jyh¹, v.t., to punish.
11. 處置 *chuu-jyh², (1) v.t., to dispose of, to arrange, settle (matter): 處置得好 well dealt with;
12. 處置 *chuu-jyh², v.t., 怎樣處置 how to deal with (this matter)?
13. 處置 *chuu-jyh², (2) n., settlement.
14. 處決 *chuu-jyuer, v.t., (1) to execute (criminal);
15. 處決 *chuu-jyuer, v.t., (2) to decide (matter).
16. 處理 *chur-lii, v.t., see chuh-jyh²↑.
17. 處女 chur-nyuu, n., a virgin;
18. 處女 chur-nyuu, n., 處女膜 the hymen;
19. 處女 chur-nyuu, n., 處女地 virgin soil;
20. 處女 chur-nyuu, n., 處女作（作品） first work of an author;
21. 處女 chur-nyuu, n., 處女航 maiden voyage (of ship).
22. 處刑 *chuu-shirng, v.t., to punish: 處極刑 sentence to death.
23. 處士 *chuu-shyh¹, n., a retired scholar.
24. 處事 *chuu-shyh², v.t., deal with affairs.
25. 處所 chuh-suoo, n., dwelling place.
26. 處死 *chur-syy, v.t., sentence to death.
27. 處子 *chur-tzyy, n., (1) see chuh-nyuu↑;
28. 處子 *chur-tzyy, n., (2) (AC) see *chuu-shyh¹↑.
29. 處窩子 *chuu-’wo-tz, n., one shut up away from society.

逌 Num. Index: 21A.83 your .

Adj. & adv. (Related 攸，悠) (LL) spontaneously: 逌然，逌爾 smiling, -ly, contented, -ly.

遉 Num. Index: 21A.83 jen (also jeng ). [Var. of 偵 91A.80]

遽 Num. Index: 21A.83 jyuh .

Adj. Trembling, embarrassed, fearful: 惶遽 shaking with fear;
駭遽 frightened, astonished, amazed;
遽色 jyuh-seh↓.

Adv. Suddenly: 遽然 jyuh-rarn↓;
遽爾 jyuh-eel↓.

Words 1. 遽爾 jyuh-eel, adv., suddenly, unexpectedly, all at once.
2. 遽然 jyuh-rarn, adv., ditto.
3. 遽色 jyuh-seh, n., an air of astonishment, bewilderment.

步 Num. Index: 21A.91 buh .

N. (1) Step: part of many compp. in 快步 quick step;
徐步，慢步 slow, leisurely steps;
散步 stroll;
信步 carefree stroll whither the foot leads;
徒步 go on foot;
止步，留步 go no further;
請止步 phr., asking host to stop seeing guest to the gate;
起步 start in race;
步步高陞 rise step by step;
寸步難行 in difficult pass;
進步 progress;
退步 retrogress.
(2) Path: 國步艱難 the national path is beset with troubles;
地^步 11A.70.
(3) An ancient measure, length of a step (6 ancient “feet”).
(4) A surname.

V.i & t. (1) To stroll: 步下山坡 (LL) walk down the slope;
步月 (LL) stroll in moonlight.
(2) To follow in footsteps: 步其後塵 follow in another’s footsteps;
亦步亦趨 to follow slavishly.
(3) Set the pace: 獨步一時 (LL) set the pace for the generation.

Words 1. 步兵 buh-bing, n., infantry.
2. 步步高 buh-buh-gau, n., (coll.) ladder, many-tiered shelf.
3. 步步搖 buh-buh-yaur, n., ancient woman’s hair decoration, “bobbing at every step.”
4. 步程計 buh-cherng-jih, n., pedometer.
5. 步鎗 buh-chiang, n., rifle.
6. 步調 buh-diauh, n., path and pace: 步調相同 move in the same pattern.
7. 步隊 buh-dueih, n., troops in command, var. of 部隊.
8. 步伐 buh-far, n., (mil.) movement of troop formations: 步伐整齊 move in beautiful formations
9. 步弓 buh-gung, n., an ancient wooden fork-like device for marking length of a step.
10. 步號 buh-hauh, n., (mil.) infantry signals.
11. 步障 buh-jahng, n., portable large silk screen sheltering court ladies from public view.
12. 步履 buh-lyuu, n., walking gait, a man’s movements.
13. 步輦 buh-niaan, n., formerly, royal carriage pulled by attendants.
14. 步哨 buh-shauh, n., security patrol guarding road along route of important persons: 放步哨 set up such patrols.
15. 步行 buh-shirng, n. & v.i., walk on foot.
16. 步驟 buh-tzouh, n., steps, plan of procedure.
17. 步從 buh-tzuhng, n., retinue.
18. 步足 buh-tzur, n., ambulacral feet of starfish, etc. (also 步腳).
19. 步武 buh-wuu, v.t., imitate predecessor.

峙 Num. Index: 21B.00-1 jyh .

V.i. To stand up: 雄峙 tower high above others;
對峙 stand up against, to rival.

崎 Num. Index: 21B.00-1 chir (also chi ).

Words 1. 崎嶇 chi-chyu, adj., (1) (of mountain paths) uneven, rough;
2. 崎嶇 chi-chyu, adj., (2) having difficulties on the way.

崢 Num. Index: 21B.00-9 jeng (also cherng ).

Words 1. 崢嶸 jeng-rurng (cherng-hurng), adj., (of mountain, ravines) steep, awe-inspiring;
2. 崢嶸 jeng-rurng (cherng-hurng), adj., (persons) outstanding;
3. 崢嶸 jeng-rurng (cherng-hurng), adj., (MC, rarely of weather) bitingly cold.

嵊 Num. Index: 21B.01-9 shehng .

N. 嵊縣 name of county in Chekiang Province.

嶸 Num. Index: 21B.01-9 rurng .

Adj. 崢嶸 (1) (Of mountains) lofty, towering.
(2) (Of persons) talented, gifted: 頭角崢嶸 (of a young man) showing extraordinary gifts, see 崢 21B.00↑.

嶙 Num. Index: 21B.10-2 lirn .

Words 1. 嶙嶙 lirn-lirn, adj., jagged (of peaks).
2. 嶙峋 lirn-syurn, adj., craggy, jagged (peak formations): 瘦骨嶙峋 bony appearance (of horses).

嶂 Num. Index: 21B.10-6 jahng .

N. Mountain barrier.

峰 Num. Index: 21B.10-9 feng . [Var. of 㶴 21.10]

嵁 Num. Index: 21B.21-2 kan .

Words 1. 嵁巖 kan-yarn, adj., rough, jagged (mountain roads, peaks).

嶇 Num. Index: 21B.21-5 chyu .

N. See 崎^嶇 21B.00.

崛 Num. Index: 21B.21-5 jyuer .

Adj. Towering: 崛起 rising high in the sky, standing out prominently;
also v.i., rise from the ranks or humble origins.

□ Num. Index: 21B.22-1 charn . [Var. of 嶄 21.22]

岬 Num. Index: 21B.22-4 jiaa .

N. (1) A defile, passageway between mountains.
(2) A cape, promontory, headland.

嶝 Num. Index: 21B.30-3 dehng .

N. Hill path.

崆 Num. Index: 21B.30-6 kung .

Words 1. 崆峒 Kung-duhng, n., name of a mountain.

嵯 Num. Index: 21B.30-8 tsuor .

Words 1. 嵯峨 tsuor-er, adj., towering (mountain).

岵 Num. Index: 21B.40-1 huh .

N. (AC) a grassy hill.

峪 Num. Index: 21B.40-8 yuh .

N. An enclosed valley.

岫 Num. Index: 21B.41-2 shiouh .

N. (1) A mountain peak, esp. a cleft between peaks: 雲無心以出岫 the cloud emerges from between the peaks without intent or purpose.
(2) (AC) a mountain cave.

嶒 Num. Index: 21B.41-8 tserng .

Words 1. 嶒嶸 tserng-yirng, adj., (mountains) high, towering.

嶓 Num. Index: 21B.41-9 bo .

N. Name of a mountain.

峭 Num. Index: 21B.42-2 chiauh .

Adj. (1) Rugged (cliffs, peaks): 陡峭 steep;
峭峻 perpendicular;
峭壁 cliffside.
(2) Severe, harsh in temperament: 嚴峭 severe (laws), 峭刻，峭厲 chiauh-keh, chiauh-lih²↓.
(3) Chilly, cutting: 峭風 cutting winds;
峭寒，料峭 chilly.

Words 1. 峭拔 chiauh-bar, adj., (of mountain peaks) rising sharply;
2. 峭拔 chiauh-bar, adj., (callig.) powerful, angular in strokes.
3. 峭薄 chiauh-bor, adj., mean and cutting.
4. 峭覈 chiauh-her, adj., (AC) harsh, uncompromising.
5. 峭急 chiauh-jir, adj., harsh-tempered.
6. 峭直 chiauh-jyr, adj., (temper, words) straightforward, rude.
7. 峭刻 chiauh-keh, adj., severe (criticism, temper).
8. 峭麗 chiauh-lih¹, adj., strange and beautiful.
9. 峭厲 chiauh-lih², adj., stern in countenance.

嵎 Num. Index: 21B.42-4 yur .

N. (1) A hill recess: 負嵎 (tiger) at bay.
(2) Sometimes interch. 隅 corner.

峒 Num. Index: 21B.42-4 turng .

N. (1) Name of mountain: 崆^峒 21B.30.
(2) Var. of 洞 pr. duhng.

嶠 Num. Index: 21B.42-9 jiauh .

N. A high mountain with pointed peaks.

峋 Num. Index: 21B.50-9 shyurn .

Adj. See 嶙^峋 21B.10.

嶢 Num. Index: 21B.70-1 yaur .

Words 1. 嶢崎 yaur-chir, adj., ragged, rough (mountain roads).
2. 嶢嶢 yaur-yaur, adj., (1) rising straight up;
3. 嶢嶢 yaur-yaur, adj., (2) straightforward, upright (character).

崦 Num. Index: 21B.70-1 yan .

N. 崦嵫 (1) Name of a mountain in Kansu Province.
(2) The western region where the sun sets: 日薄崦嵫 in the evening of one’s life.

𨦼 Num. Index: 21B.70-4 kun . [Var. of 崑 21.70]

屹 Num. Index: 21B.70-9 yih .

Adj. (Mountains) towering, high and massive: 屹立（不動） standing mihgty, immovable.

巉 Num. Index: 21B.70-9 charn .

Adj. (LL) steep, jagged.

Words 1. 巉巉 charn-charn, adj., (LL) steep.
2. 巉岏 charn-warn, adj., (LL) sharp, pointed (peaks).
3. 巉巖 charn-yarn, adj., (LL) steep, jagged.

巇 Num. Index: 21B.71-2 shi .

N. A crack, crevice: 巇隙.

Adj. Dangerous: 山路巇嶮 dangerous mountain paths.

岷 Num. Index: 21B.71-5 mirn .

N. Name of a mountain, river.

峨 Num. Index: 21B.71-9 er . [Var. 𠵍]

Adj. (1) (LL) High, tall: 峨冠，峨冕 tall hat.
(2) Steep, jagged (cliff): 嵯峨 ditto.

Words 1. 峨峨 er-er, adj., (1) tall;
2. 峨峨 er-er, adj., (2) (AC) tall and impressive (appearance).
3. 峨嵋 Er-meir, n., Omei, name of mountain in Szechuan.
4. 峨然 er-rarn, adj., (LL) tall, towering.

嶼 Num. Index: 21B.80-9 yuu .

N. An island: 島嶼 group of islands.

峽 Num. Index: 21B.81-1 shiar .

N. A gorge;
a sharp ravine: 三峽 the Yangtse Gorges;
巫峽 a famous gorge on Szechuan border.

巘 Num. Index: 21B.81-2 yaan .

N. (AC) mountain peak.

嶮 Num. Index: 21B.81-8 shiaan .

Words 1. 嶮巇 shiaan-shi, adj., steep, difficult (path).

岐 Num. Index: 21B.82-1 chir .

N. (1) Name of a mountain.
(2) A surname.

Adj. Branching off (var. of 歧, see 歧^路, 歧^視 21S.82).

Words 1. 岐黃 chir-huarng, n., (AC) the practice of medicine from 岐伯 and 黃帝 (mythical) fathers of medicine.
2. 岐嶷 chir-nih, adj., (AC) thriving.

崚 Num. Index: 21B.82-1 lerng .

Words 1. 崚嶒 lerng-tserng, asj., steep, rugged (hill), also 嶒崚.

□ Num. Index: 21B.82-9 baan . [Var. of 𥝲]

峻 Num. Index: 21B.82-9 jyuhn .

Adj. (1) High, towering, great, rising sharply: 峻𥝲 jyuhn-baan↓;
崇山峻嶺 high mountains and towering peaks;
峻宇 huge mansion;
峻峭 jyuhn-chiauh, 峻直 jyuhn-jyr↓;
險峻 dangerous (terrain);
峻德 jyuhn-der, 峻節 jyuhn-jier↓.
(2) Headlong, rash, precipitate, impetuous: 峻急 jyuhn-jir↓.
(3) Strict, rigid, stern: 峻密 jyuhn-mih, 峻法 jyuhn-faa, 峻刻 jyuhn-keh↓;
峻拒 flat refusal, sternly turn down.

Words 1. 峻𥝲 jyuhn-baan, n., steep mountain slope.
2. 峻峭 jyuhn-chiauh, adj., (1) (of mountain, cliff) precipitous;
3. 峻峭 jyuhn-chiauh, adj., (2) =峻刻 jyuhn-keh↓.
4. 峻切 jyuhn-chieh, adj., strict, rigorous.
5. 峻德 jyuhn-der, n., great virtue.
6. 峻法 jyuhn-faa, n., harsh and rigid laws.
7. 峻節 jyuhn-jier, n., nobility of character.
8. 峻急 jyuhn-jir, adj., (1) intolerant, bigoted, headstrong, dogged;
9. 峻急 jyuhn-jir, adj., (2) (of currents) swirling, rushing headlong, flowing swiftly.
10. 峻直 jyuhn-jyr, adj., strict and upright (character).
11. 峻刻 jyuhn-keh, adj., harsh, unrelenting, stern.
12. 峻酷 jyuhn-kuh, adj., cruelly oppressive.
13. 峻厲 jyuhn-lih, adj., pitiless, merciless.
14. 峻密 jyuhn-mih, adj., strict, rigorous, stern, rigid.

嵫 Num. Index: 21B.93-2 tzy .

N. See 崦^嵫 21B.70.

齮 Num. Index: 21S.00-1 yii .

Words 1. 齮齕 yii-her, v.i. & t., (AC) to chew between the teeth;
2. 齮齕 yii-her, v.i. & t., (fig.) to squeeze out able men out of jealousy.

剴 Num. Index: 21S.00-2 kaai .

Adj. Thorough.

Words 1. 剴切 kaai-chie, adj., as in 剴切詳盡 thorough and exhaustive (explanation).

劇 Num. Index: 21S.00-2 jyuh (also jir ).

N. (1) The drama, a stage show: 演劇 put on (take part in) a play;
劇㪫 jyuh-chaang↓;
劇中人 dramatic characters;
戲劇 a dramatic work;
平劇 the Peking opera;
話劇 a stage play;
歌劇 an opera;
歌舞劇 a musical comedy;
劇情 jyuh-chirng↓;
獨幕劇 an one-act play;
電視劇 television drama;
廣播劇 radio drama;
喜劇 a comedy;
悲劇 a tragedy;
鬧劇 opera bouffe, melodrama;
趣劇 ditto;
劇本 jyuh-been↓;
慘劇 a tragic incident;
滑稽劇 farce.
(2) A surname.

Adj. & adv. Extreme(ly), severe(ly), serious(ly): 劇盜，劇賊 notorious robbers;
劇寇 notorious bandits;
劇藥 potent drugs;
劇飲 drink an inordinate amount of liquor;
劇毒 jyuh-dur, 劇烈 jyuh-lieh↓;
劇鬥 violent fisticuffs;
病劇 seriously ill;
日劇 become more serious day by day.

Words 1. 劇本 jyuh-been, n., a play in written form.
2. 劇㪫 jyuh-chaang, n., a theater.
3. 劇情 jyuh-chirng, n., the dramatic plot.
4. 劇毒 jyuh-dur, n., deadly poison.
5. 劇烈 jyuh-lieh, adj., violent (struggle), vigorous, strenuous: 劇烈運動 strenuous exercises.

劌 Num. Index: 21S.00-2 gueih .

V.t. To cut, slice.

將 Num. Index: 21S.00-9 jiang (*jiahng , *chiang ).

N. (*jiahng) A military commander, a general officer: 將領 jiang-liing, 將帥 jiang-shuaih¹↓;
上將 full general;
中將 lieutenant general;
少將 major general;
准將 brigadier general;
大將 a great commander;
驍將，勇將 a brave, dauntless general;
驕兵悍將 unruly commander and soldiers;
將在外君命有所不受 a field commander must decide even against king’s orders;
將材 jiang-tsair↓;
將相本無種 generals and prime ministers are not born but made.

V.i. & t. (1) Move forward, advance: 日就月將 make steady and continual progress.
(2) Take, see Prep. below: 將酒來 bring me some wine;
將就 jiang-jiouh↓.
(3) (*jiahng) To command: 將兵 *jiahng-bing↓;
將將 *jiahng-jiahng↓.
(4) (*chiang) (AC) ask, appeal for: 將伯 ask for assistance;
將子無怒 please don’t be angry with me.
(5) Take care of: 將護 jiang-huh↓.
(6) Engage in doing: 將事 jiang-shyh↓.
(7) (AC) give a send-off to: 百兩將之 (AC) despatch a hundred chariots to escort her.
(8) (AC) accompany: 鄭伯將王自圉門入 the Earl of Tseng accompanied the king to enter by the Yumen.
(9) (Of the game of chess) to checkmate (the opponent’s king).
(10) As vb. suffix, begin to : 叫將起來，怕將起來 begin to scream, to be afraid.

Vb.aux. Will (about to, on the point of, soon): 天將下雨 it’s going to rain;
將要 jiang-yauh↓;
即將 will soon, about to;
不知老之將至 don’t know that old age is just around the corner (“will be soon coming”);
將來 jiang-lair↓.

Adv. (1) Just, a moment earlier, a very short time ago: 昨天將到 came only yesterday;
將才 jiang-tsair, 將將 jiang-jiang, 將次 jiang-tsyh↓.
(2) Partly…partly…: 將信將疑 half believing, half doubting.

Prep. By, with (followed by object and vb., cf. use of 把 10A.70): 將它移開 take this away;
將有餘補不足 take from the rich and give to the poor;
將心比心 judge other person’s feelings by one’s own;
將功贖罪 redeem sins by good deeds;
將勤補拙 make up for lack of skill with industry;
將錯就錯 make the best of a bad bargain;
將計就計 turn a person’s trick against him.

Words 1. 將弁 *jiahng-biahn, n., military officers in general.
2. 將兵 *jiahng-bing, v.i., to command troops, cf. *jiahng-jiahng↓.
3. 將護 jiang-huh, v.t., take good care of, look after (s.o.) carefully, tend (the sick, injured, or aged).
4. 將將 *jiahng-jiahng, (1) v.i., be the commander of commanders;
5. 將將 (2) (jiang-jiang) adv., a short while earlier, a moment ago (=剛剛).
6. 將近 jiang-jihn, adv., nearly, approximately, about, soon.
7. 將就 jiang-jiouh, v.i., make do with s.t., to compromise, accept the fait-accompli.
8. 將種 *jiahng-juung, n., person born of military forbears.
9. 將軍 jiang-jyuu, n., (1) a general;
10. 將軍 jiang-jyuu, n., (2) (AC) loosely any officer.
11. 將指 *jiahng-jyy, n., (1) the middle finger of the hand;
12. 將指 *jiahng-jyy, n., (2) the toe.
13. 將來 jiang-lair, (1) n. & adj., (the) future;
14. 將來 jiang-lair, (2) adv., in the future.
15. 將令 *jiahng-lihng, n., orders issued by a commanding general.
16. 將領 *jiahng-liing, n., high-ranking military leaders.
17. 將略 *jiahng-lyueh, n., military strategy and tactics.
18. 將門 *jiahng-mern, n., the family of a high-ranking military officer.
19. 將攝 jiang-seh, v.i., to rest and recuperate, convalesce, see jiang-shir↓.
20. 將校 *jiahng-shiauh, n., a collective term for general and field officers.
21. 將息 jiang-shir, v.i., to rest and recuperate.
22. 將帥 *jiahng-shuaih¹, n., a commanding general.
23. 將率 *jiahng-shuaih², n., ditto.
24. 將士 *jiahng-shyh, n., officers and men.
25. 將事 jiang-shyh, v.i., going to: 將事努力 going to work hard.
26. 將食 jiang-shyr, v.i., take food, have a meal.
27. 將才 jiang-tsair, (1) (*jiahng-tsair) n., =將材 ↓;
28. 將才 jiang-tsair, (2) (jiang-tsair) adv., a moment ago (=剛才).
29. 將材 *jiahng-tsair, n., a person with all the qualifications of a great general.
30. 將次 jiang-tsyh, adv., nearly, gradually, slowly.
31. 將佐 *jiahng-tzuoo, n., high-ranking military officers.
32. 將晚 jiang-waan, adv., towards evening.
33. 將養 jiang-yaang, v.i., recuperate, convalesce.
34. 將要 jiang-yauh, vb. aux., will, be going to: 將要出動，停止 going to start, stop.

宝 Num. Index: 21S.01-1 chuarng . [Pop. 床]

N. (1) bed: 單人宝，雙人宝 single, double bed: 吊宝 suspended bed, hammock;
宝上安宝 double or treble berths;
疊宝架屋 overstuffed with redundancies;
宝頭金盡 money runs out;
宝笫 chuarng-tzyy↓.
(2) Chassis, support, bench: 車宝 chassis;
機宝 lathe;
琴宝 bench for stringed instrument.
(3) (Coll.) coffin before laying-in of body.

Words 1. 宝鋪 chuarng-puh, n., (coll.) bed.
2. 宝蓐 chuarng-ruh, n., beddings;
3. 宝蓐 chuarng-ruh, n., mattress: 常在宝蓐 be confined to bed.
4. 宝蝨 chuarng-shy, n., bedbug.
5. 宝頭人 chuarng-tour-rern, n., (coll.) wife.
6. 宝子 chuarng-tz, n., shelf for storing goods: 菜宝子，魚宝子，羊肉宝子 shop shelf for vegetable, fish, mutton.
7. 宝笫 chuarng-tzyy, n., bed, as in Eng. “conjugal bed,” intimacies: 宝笫之間 in bed or in it’s intimacies.
8. 宝位 chuarng-weih, n., berth in ship or train.

齦 Num. Index: 21S.02-5 yirn .

N. Gum (of teeth).

肄 Num. Index: 21S.10-2 yih . [Dist. 肆 51S.10]

Words 1. 肄業 yih-yeh, v.i., to study in a school or college.

牂 Num. Index: 21S.10-8 tzang .

N. (AC) a ewe.

Words 1. 牂牂 tzang-tzang, adj., (AC) thick, dense: 其葉牂牂 so dense is the foliage.

壯 Num. Index: 21S.11-1 juahng . [Abbr. □]

Adj. (1) Robust, strong: 強壯 strong (nation, body);
健壯 strong, healthy;
長得很壯 has a robust body;
壯大 juahng-dah↓;
壯盛 juahng-shehng↓;
悲壯 strong in adversity, undaunted;
勇壯 brave.
(2) In prime of life, youthful: 壯年，壯夫，壯士 juahng-niarn, juahng-fu, juahng-shyh↓;
少壯 young;
少壯派 the younger group in parties.
(3) Unfettered, dauntless, unrestricted: 壯遊，壯舉 juahng-your¹, juahng-jyuu²↓.

V.t. To strengthen: 以壯觀瞻 to beautify appearance;
以壯行色 to make one feel better on travel (by money gifts).

Words 1. 壯氣 juahng-chih, n., brave morale, splendid spirit.
2. 壯膽 juahng-daan, (1) v.i., feel spirited, brave;
3. 壯膽 juahng-daan, (2) v.t., to encourage (person): 壯他的膽 give him courage;
4. 壯膽 juahng-daan, v.t., 壯壯膽 help to encourage.
5. 壯大 juahng-dah, adj., (1) robust, stalwart (body);
6. 壯大 juahng-dah, adj., (2) grown-up: 壯大了 has grown up (cf. 長大).
7. 壯丁 juahng-ding, n., able-bodied men (for recruits).
8. 壯夫 juahng-fu, n., able-bodied person, strong person.
9. 壯觀 juahng-guan, (1) adj., grand and handsome (building);
10. 壯觀 juahng-guan, (2) n., impressive sight.
11. 壯志 juahng-jyh, n., life ambition to accomplish s.t.: 壯志未酬身先死 died without accomplishing what he wanted.
12. 壯舉 juahng-jyuu, n., a great or impressive undertaking.
13. 壯烈 juahng-lieh, adj., courageous (martyrs, patriots).
14. 壯麗 juahng-lih, adj., grand-looking, impressive (structure).
15. 壯美 juahng-meei, n., raw, primitive beauty;
16. 壯美 juahng-meei, n., grandeur (of landscape).
17. 壯年 juahng-niarn, n. & adj., prime of life, in one’s thirties or forties.
18. 壯然 juahng-rarn, adj., forbidding, awe-inspring.
19. 壯盛 juahng-shehng, adj., strong (army, nation);
20. 壯盛 juahng-shehng, adj., youthful, healthy.
21. 壯士 juahng-shyh, n., a great fighter, warrior, hero.
22. 壯圖 juahng-tur, phr., a great plan or undertaking.
23. 壯遊 juahng-your¹, v.i., to make extensive, delightful trip.
24. 壯猷 juahng-your², phr., see juahng-tur↑.

糶 Num. Index: 21S.11-5 tiauh .

V.t. To sell grain (cf. 糴 buy grain, 81S.11): 糶出，糶糧 sell grain;
平齪 ancient government system for stabilizing grain prices.

齷 Num. Index: 21S.11-5 woh .

Words 1. 齷齪 woh-chuoh, n. & adj., filth, -y, dirt, -y.

雌 Num. Index: 21S.11-9 tsy (also tsyr ).

N. A female, opp. 雄 male (of animals, as cow, lion, fowl, eagle);
rarely of persons: “英雌”(facet.) heroine, opp. 英雄 hero;
雌老虎 a tigress, a ferocious woman;
雌威 (of shrew) wife’s ferocity.

V.t. To chide, rebuke: 挨雌 (coll.) be rebuked.

Adj. Female, also gentle, small: 知其雄，守其雌（老子） possessing strength, but retaining gentleness;
雌聲 a weak, low voice.

Words 1. 雌答 tsy-’da, v.i., (MC) to scold, chide.
2. 雌花 tsy-hua, n., (bot.) pistillate flower, see tsy-rueei↓.
3. 雌黃 tsy-huarng, (1) n., yellow ochre, used as yellow pigment;
4. 雌黃 tsy-huarng, n., hence,
5. 雌黃 tsy-huarng, (2) v.t., to blot out mistakes and make corrections: hence, 信口雌黃 to make deceitful statements or unfounded charges.
6. 雌兒 tsyr-erl, (1) n., (coll.) a young lass, young thing;
7. 雌兒 (2) (tsyr-’l) v.t., to chide (person).
8. 雌蕊 tsy-rueei, n., (bot.) pistil.
9. 雌雄 tsy-shyurng, adj., male or female, oft. 決雌雄 see who is the winner, the stronger.

□ Num. Index: 21S.21-5 jyuh . [Var. of 距 40B.21]

酆 Num. Index: 21S.22-3 feng .

N. (1) Place name in Szechuan;
酆都城 Feng-du-cherng, Hades, Inferno.
(2) A surname.

□ Num. Index: 21S.22-5 guei . [Arch. of 歸 91S.22]

齘 Num. Index: 21S.22-8 shieh .

N. & v.t. (AC) to grind teeth.

齡 Num. Index: 21S.22-8 lirng . [See 齡 21S.63]

□ Num. Index: 21S.22-8 jian . [Var. of 鹼 21S.81]

斷 Num. Index: 21S.22-9 duahn . [Abbr. □]

V.t. (1) To cut or break off, snap: 斷手，指，臂 cut off hand, finger, arm;
斷髮紋身 (of barbarians) cut hair short and tattoo body;
斷頭 to behead;
斷了 be broken;
不斷（的） continuously;
斷碎 broken to pieces;
斷線風箏 kite with broken line—whereabouts unknown;
斷片 broken part;
斷□殘編 incomplete parts of ancient scripts;
斷章取義 take out of context to make a deliberate misinterpretation out of context.
(2) To discontinue: 斷後 have no progeny;
斷交 break off friendship;
斷氣，斷魂，斷炊 duahn-chih, duahn-hurn, duahn-tsuei↓.
(3) To stop, break off habits, practice: 斷煙，酒 stop smoking, drinking;
斷癮 stop opium-smoking;
斷屠，斷宰 ban butchery of pigs;
斷乳 be weaned.
(4) To decide: 斷定，決斷，定斷 ditto;
當機立斷 decide on the spot;
很有決斷 have strong decision;
獨斷獨行 highhanded, arbitrary, imperious, overbearing, decide and act alone;
非常果斷 have determination of character;
decide at court and decree: 斷有罪，無罪 pronounce guilty, not guilty;
斷案 settle lawsuit;
斷押，償，罰 decree detention, compensation, fine;
斷吉凶 decide luck by divination.

Vb. suffix. In half, apart, off: 切斷，割斷，截斷 cut off (retreat, line);
折斷 break, tear apart (rails, stick);
拉斷 pull and break (thread);
打斷 interrupt (speech, story);
間斷 (jiahn-duahn) interrupted, -tion.

Adv. Certainly, absolutely: 斷然，斷斷 absolutely;
斷然不可 certainly will not be allowed;
斷無此理 certainly could not have happened, could not be;
斷不能 certainly cannot;
斷難相允 certainly will not consent.

Words 1. 斷腸 duahn-charng, phr., “break intestines”(poet.) for extreme sadness, esp. longing for lovers.
2. 斷七 duahn-chi, phr., (Budd.) mass on 49th day of death.
3. 斷氣 duahn-chih, v.i., draw last breath.
4. 斷除 duahn-chur, v.t., break off, remove (obstacles, bad habits or customs, etc.).
5. 斷定 duahn-dihng, v.i., decide (good, bad, to go, not to go).
6. 斷斷 duahn-duahn, adv., certainly, absolutely.
7. 斷根 duahn-gen, v.i., make real cure of disease, opium-smoking, etc.
8. 斷魂 duahn-hurn, phr., (poet.) be forlorn, very sad, feel like a “lost soul.”
9. 斷機 duahn-ji, n., allu., mother of Mencius cut cloth on loom when child did not study hard.
10. 斷絕 duahn-jyuer, v.t., cut off definitely: 斷絕後患 remove seeds of future trouble.
11. 斷片 duahn-piahn, n. & adj., piecemeal.
12. 斷然 duahn-rarn, adv., decisively.
13. 斷絃 duahn-shiarn, phr., wife’s death (like snapping of string on string instrument;
14. 斷絃 duahn-shiarn, phr., cf. 續弦 re-string, i.e., remarry).
15. 斷袖 duahn-shiouh, litr. phr., homosexuality.
16. 斷送 duahn-suhng, v.t., forfeit: 斷送前程 forfeit career.
17. 斷頭臺 duahn-tour-tair, n., guillotine;
18. 斷頭臺 duahn-tour-tair, n., 斷頭將軍 allu. general who would rather die than surrender.
19. 斷層 duahn-tserng, n., (geol.) a fault of vein.
20. 斷炊 duahn-tsuei, phr., no hot meals (no more rice to cook at home).
21. 斷言 duahn-yarn, v.i. & t., assert, affirm, to make an allegation.

□ Num. Index: 21S.22-9 duahn . [Abbr. of 斷 21S.22↑]

齗 Num. Index: 21S.22-9 yirn .

N. (Physiol.) the gum of teeth (var. of 齦 21S.02).

Words 1. 齗齗 yirn-yirn, adj., argumentative.

豔 Num. Index: 21S.30-1 yahn . [Pop. 艷]

V.t. To admire greatly: 豔羨 yahn-shiahn↓.

Adj. (1) Beauteous, resplendent, bright, dazzlingly beautiful: 豔麗 yahn-lih↓;
美豔，嬌豔 beautiful, enticing, attractive, gorgeous;
鮮豔 fresh and beautiful, bright (colors, flowers).
(2) Having to do with love: 豔史 romantic records of personalities;
豔詩，豔詞 love poetry;
豔歌 love song.

Words 1. 豔麗 yahn-lih, adj., resplendent, gorgeous.
2. 豔射 yahn-sheh, adj., dazzling.
3. 豔羨 yahn-shiahn, v.t., to admire heartily.
4. 豔陽 yahn-yarng, n., a bright sun or day.
5. 豔遇 yahn-yuh, n., encounter with a beautiful woman.

齟 Num. Index: 21S.30-4 jyuu .

Words 1. 齟齬 jyur-yuu, adj., (1) (of upper and lower rows of teeth) failing to meet properly;
2. 齟齬 jyur-yuu, adj., (2) (of persons) holding contradictory views, unable to see eye to eye.

齬 Num. Index: 21S.40-3 yuu .

Adj. See 齟^齬 21S.30.

齠 Num. Index: 21S.40-5 tiaur . [Cogn. 髫]

Words 1. 齠齔 tiaur-chehn, v.i., to shed the milk teeth;
2. 齠齔 tiaur-chehn, v.i., 齠年 young age, about seven or eight.

牆 Num. Index: 21S.41-1 chiarng .

N. A wall: 牆角 corner of wall;
危牆 a toppling wall;
牆隙 a hole in the wall;
牆外漢 an outsider;
also 門外漢 layman, not expert;
門^牆 52B.00.

Words 1. 牆壁 chiarng-bih, n., wall (of house).
2. 牆□（子） chiarng-duoo(tz), n., battlement on city wall.
3. 牆根（兒） chiarng-gen(chiarng-ge-’l), n., foot of wall.
4. 牆頭 chiarng-tour, n., top of wall, (flowers, etc.) over the wall;
5. 牆頭 chiarng-tour, n., 牆頭草 (fig.) fence rider, a man without opinions of his own, one who “sees how the wind bolws.”
6. 牆衣 chiarng-yi, n., moss on wall.
7. 牆□ chiarng-yuarn, n., wall;
8. 牆□ chiarng-yuarn, n., city wall.
9. 牆宇 chiarng-yuu, n., (LL) the wall and house tops visible from outside—man’s external appearance.

齵 Num. Index: 21S.42-4 yur (also our ).

Adj. (AC) having uneven teeth.

齲 Num. Index: 21S.42-9 chyuu .

N. & v.i. (AC) 齲齒 tooth decay.

虧 Num. Index: 21S.50-3 kuei .

N. & v.i. Loss, deficit;
to fall short, suffer loss, run into deficit: 虧欠，虧損，虧折 kuei-chiahn, kuei-suun, kuei-jer, etc.↓;
吃虧 suffer loss in transaction, be short-changed.

Adj. (1) Short, deficient, not enough to meet normal needs: 腎虧 a run-down kidney, (med.) sexual debility;
血虧 blood deficiency, anemia;
身子虧了，虛虧 general debility;
心虧 uneasy in conscience;
功虧一簣 (of task, work) just fall short of final completion.
(2) Waning, declining: 月虧 moon in partially shaded phase, waning;
盈虧 wax and wane, also (business) profit and loss.

Adv. (1) Luckily: 多虧，幸虧 luckily;
多虧你幫忙 thanks to your help;
虧得是你 luckily it is you (and not s.o. else);
虧殺 very luckily, owing greatly to.
(2) In mocking sense: 虧你 you, of all people: 虧你受教育的人，還說出這種話 shame on you, an educated person to say such a thing;
虧得他說得出口 he has the cheek to say it (other people would not).

Words 1. 虧本（兒） kuei-been(kuei-bee-’l), v.i., to suffer loss in business.
2. 虧欠 kuei-chiahn, (1) n., deficit;
3. 虧欠 kuei-chiahn, (2) v.i., to owe debts in arrears;
4. 虧欠 kuei-chiahn, (3) to go bankrupt, see kuei-jer↓.
5. 虧短 kuei-duaan, v.i., short of due amount.
6. 虧負 kuei-’fuh, n. & v.i. & t., (1) be deficient in friendship or duties, not quite fair to (person) (cf. 辜^負 10.10);
7. 虧負 kuei-’fuh, n. & v.i. & t., (2) to owe (amount, person).
8. 虧耗 kuei-hauh, v.i. & n., to lose money, esp. from extravagant expenditures;
9. 虧耗 kuei-hauh, v.i. & n., such a loss.
10. 虧折 kuei-jer, v.i. & n., (1) suffer(-ing) loss of capital;
11. 虧折 kuei-jer, v.i. & n., (2) to fail in business without owing debts.
12. 虧空 kuei-’kuhng, n. & v.i., loss in business;
13. 虧空 kuei-’kuhng, n. & v.i., be short of (amount);
14. 虧空 kuei-’kuhng, n. & v.i., 虧空公款 to embezzle, embezzlement.
15. 虧累 kuei-leei, v.t., to involve (others) in loss.
16. 虧心 kuei-shin, v.i. & adj., be remorseful;
17. 虧心 kuei-shin, v.i. & adj., unconscionable, ungrateful;
18. 虧心 kuei-shin, v.i. & adj., 虧心人 ungrateful person;
19. 虧心 kuei-shin, v.i. & adj., 虧心事 ungrateful, unconscionable act.
20. 虧蝕 kuei-shyr, n. & v.i., (1) financial loss;
21. 虧蝕 kuei-shyr, n. & v.i., to lose (in business);
22. 虧蝕 kuei-shyr, n. & v.i., (2) eclipse of sun or moon.
23. 虧損 kuei-suun, n. & v.i., loss in business.

齶 Num. Index: 21S.50-4 eh . [Var. of 𡚒 42A.50]

齣 Num. Index: 21S.50-9 chu .

N. adjunct. An act of a play: 一齣戲 a play.

鴇 Num. Index: 21S.50-9 baau .

N. The bustard;
procuress, see 鴇母 baur-muu↓.

Words 1. 鴇兒 baau-’l, n., (1) prostitute;
2. 鴇兒 baau-’l, n., (2) procuress.
3. 鴇母 baur-muu, n., procuress, madame of brothels.

鸕 Num. Index: 21S.50-9 lur .

Words 1. 鸕鶿 lur-tsyr, n., fishing cormorant.

勩 Num. Index: 21S.50-9 yih .

V.i. (AC) to work hard, belabored.

齡 Num. Index: 21S.63-8 lirng .

N. Person’s age: 年齡，遐齡，高齡 long life, venerable age.

比 Num. Index: 21S.70-2 bii (*bih ).

N. (1) (AC) Metaphor in poetry.
(2) Comparison, contest: 無比 incomparable, without compare;
大比 provincial or district civil examinations.

V.t. Compare, oft. 比較：兩樣相比 compare the two together;
比一比 compare them;
比不得，比不上 cannot compare with (person, object);
可比 may be compared to, be just like;
難比 it is another matter, not the same as;
比上不足，比下有餘 worse off than some, better off than many—formula for contentment;
比快，比高 determine relative speed, height;
比重 bii-juhng↓.

Adj. (*bih) Close: 比親，比鄰 close relative, neighbor;
比年，心歲 recent years.

Prep. Than: 他比我強 he is better, bigger than I;
比這大得多 much bigger than this one.

Adv. conj. (*bih) (LL) until, till;
比及 when, by the time;
比來 recently;
比聞，比見 (LL) recently heard, saw;
比維起居佳吉 (LL) I hope everything goes well with you.

Words 1. 比比 *bih-bih, adv., in 比比皆是: they are everywhere, all like that.
2. 比並 bii-bihng, v.i., compare to.
3. 比丘 bii-chiou, n., Buddhist monk, from Sanskr. bhiksha;
4. 比丘 bii-chiou, n., 比丘尼 bii-chiou-nir, n., nun, from Sanskr. bhiksuni.
5. 比方 bii-’feng, adv., for instance;
6. 比方 bii-’feng, n., a supposition, illustration by example: 比方說 suppose, let us say.
7. 比附 bii-fuh, v.t., (LL) compare by putting things together;
8. 比附 bii-fuh, v.t., append.
9. 比畫 bii-huah, v.i., (1) make hand gestures;
10. 比畫 bii-huah, v.i., (2) make boxing gestures for warming up;
11. 比畫 bii-huah, v.i., (3) come to blows: 兩人說幵說幵比畫起來.
12. 比照 bii-jauh, adj. & prep., according to, in accordance with (regular procedure).
13. 比輯 bii-ji, v.t., collate.
14. 比肩 *bih-jian, adv., shoulder to shoulder: 比肩並進 advance thus.
15. 比較 bii-jiauh, v.i., compare;
16. 比較 bii-jiauh, adv., relatively;
17. 比較 bii-jiauh, adv., 比較大，快 relatively bigger, faster;
18. 比較 bii-jiauh, adv., 比較心理學，語言學 comparative psychology, linguistics;
19. 比較 bii-jiauh, adv., 比較音樂學 comparative musicology;
20. 比較 bii-jiauh, adv., 比較文學 comparative literature.
21. 比周 *bih-jouh, adj., (LL) close and cordial.
22. 比重 bii-juhng, n., specific weight or gravity.
23. 比來 *bih-lair, adv., recently.
24. 比例 bii-lih, n., (1) comparison;
25. 比例 bii-lih, n., (2) example: 做比例 as an example;
26. 比例 bii-lih, n., (3) proportion, ratio: 正比例 direct ratio, proportion;
27. 比例 bii-lih, n., 反比例 reverse ratio;
28. 比例 bii-lih, n., 常比例 constant ratio;
29. 比例 bii-lih, n., 比例尺 bii-lih-chyy, scale (of map);
30. 比例 bii-lih, n., 比例規 bii-lih-guei, proportional dividers.
31. 比目魚 bii-muh-yur, n., sole, flounder.
32. 比擬 bir-nii, n. & v.i., compare to;
33. 比擬 bir-nii, n. & v.i., such comparison.
34. 比熱 bii-reh, n., (phys.) specific heat.
35. 比如 bii-rur, adv., for example;
36. 比如 bii-rur, adv., suppose.
37. 比賽 bii-saih, n. & v.i., contest (athletics, art, etc.).
38. 比手畫腳 bir-shoou-huah-jiaau, phr., make lively gestures (while talking).
39. 比翼 bii-yih, adv., (fly) wing to wing, inseparable (of lovers, married couple): 比翼雙飛，比翼鳥 such happy couple.
40. 比喻 bii-yuh, n., a parable, metaphor, allegory.

此 Num. Index: 21S.70-2 tsyy .

Pron. & adj. This (LL, but is largely used in vern. in many common phrr.): 此番，此次 this time;
此人，此地，此時 this person, place, time;
此項 this item;
此種，此類 this kind;
如此 like this, thus;
因此 for this reason;
故此，為此 ditto;
類此，似此 like this, such;
彼此 each other, mutually;
專此，特此 (form closing a letter) so I am writing you as above;
此復 this in reply;
此請台安 (form closing letter) I close with best wishes.

Adv. (AC) then: 有人此有土 having popular support, it follows (then) that he will be a ruler of the land (here 此=斯).

Words 1. 此啟 tsyy-chii, phr., (form closing letter, official tone) the above is my communication.
2. 此道 tsyy-dauh, phr., this line: 精於此道 is good at this line.
3. 此地 tsyy-dih, adv., here.
4. 此番 tsyy-fan, adv., this time.
5. 此後 tsyy-houh, adv., henceforth.
6. 此間 tsyy-jian, adv., here, over here.
7. 此際 tsyy-jih, adv., at this time or juncture.
8. 此中 tsyy-jung, adv., herein.
9. 此致 tsyy-jyh, phr., (form closing letter) the above to inform you.
10. 此君 tsyy-jyun, n., (1) this person;
11. 此君 tsyy-jyun, n., (2) (LL, allu.) bamboo.
12. 此𡈼 tsyr-jyuu, phr., this undertaking.
13. 此刻 tsyr-keh, adv., now, this moment.
14. 此若 tsyy-ruoh, adj., (AC, rare) this.
15. 此生 tsyy-sheng, n., this life;
16. 此生 tsyy-sheng, adv., in this life.
17. 此時 tsyy-shyr, adv., now, at present.
18. 此次 tsyy-tsyh, adv., this time.
19. 此外 tsyy-waih, adv., besides, in addition.

齔 Num. Index: 21S.70-2 chehn .

齔 Num. Index: N.1

齜 Num. Index: 21S.70-2 tzy .

V.i. To snarl: 齜牙 tzy-yar↓.

Adj. (Of teeth) irregular.

Words 1. 齜牙 tzy-yar, v.i., (1) to snarl: 齜牙瞪眼 to gnash the teeth and stare in anger;
2. 齜牙 tzy-yar, v.i., (2) writhe, contort one’s face with pain: 齜牙咧嘴 squirm and cry in pain.

乩 Num. Index: 21S.70-7 ji .

N. Planchette as in 扶乩 a traditional form of divination whereby the spirit, when invoked, writes characters on a sand pan by means of a stick attached to a horizontal piece supported by two persons serving as mediums.

甗 Num. Index: 21S.70-3 yaan .

N. (AC) an ancient double boiler.

覘 Num. Index: 21S.70-4 jan .

V.i. & t. To watch: 覘時而動 watch for opportunity;
覘候 watch and wait.

覬 Num. Index: 21S.70-4 jih .

V.t. Covet, long for.

Words 1. 覬幸 jih-shihng, v.t., hope to get (s.t.) by a stroke of good luck.
2. 覬覦 jih-yur, v.t., covet (another’s territory, possessions).

□ Num. Index: 21S.70-4 chyuh . [Pop. 覷]

V.i. & t. To peep, watch: 覷機會 watch for a chance;
覷著眼看 scrutinize;
覷窺 peep at.

凱 Num. Index: 21S.70-4 kaai .

N. & adj. Triumph, triumphant: 凱歌 song of victory;
奏凱 to win victory.

Words 1. 凱撒 Kaai-sa, n., Caesar, Kaiser.
2. 凱旋 kaai-shyuarn, v.i., return in triumph;
3. 凱旋 kaai-shyuarn, v.i., 凱旋門 triumphal arch (esp. Arc-de-Triomphe).

齕 Num. Index: 21S.70-9 her .

V.t. (AC) to bite.

齙 Num. Index: 21S.70-9 bau (*paur , re. pr.).

Adj. 齙牙 protruding front teeth.

齯 Num. Index: 21S.70-9 nir .

N. 齯齒 tooth that grows in old age.

艷 Num. Index: 21S.70-9 yahn . [Pop. of 豔 21S.30]

□ Num. Index: 21S.71-7 jahn . [Abbr. of 戰 40S.71]

戕 Num. Index: 21S.71-7 chiarng .

V.t. To destroy, wound, to kill: 自戕 commit suicide.

Words 1. 戕殺 chiarng-sha, v.t., to kill: 戕殺生民 to butcher the people.
2. 戕傷 chiarng-shang, v.t., to wound (as with knife).
3. 戕賊 chiarng-tzer, v.t., to destroy, injure, damage (growth, talent, material);
4. 戕賊 chiarng-tzer, v.t., to kill (life).

戲 Num. Index: 21S.71-7 shih . [Pop. □; abbr. □]

N. (1) Theater, theatrical shows: 戲劇 shih-jyuh↓;
戲曲 shih-chyuu↓;
京戲 Peking opera: 文明戲 modern drama in modern vernacular;
傀儡戲 puppet show;
影戲 movie;
皮影戲 puppet shadow show;
演戲 to perform a play, performance;
拿手好戲 an opera which is some singer’s specialty—hence specialty in gen.
(2) S.t. interesting: 有戲可看了 s.t. interesting (e.g., an open break between parties) will turn up.
(3) Games, amusement;
遊^戲 60.83, a game;
逢㪫作戲 to take part in merely accidental amusement;
調^戲 60A.42;
see 戲弄，戲謔 shih-nuhng, shih-nyueh↓.

Words 1. 戲本（子） shih-been(tz), n., text for play or opera.
2. 戲班（兒） shih-ban(shih-ba-’l), n., a troupe.
3. 戲包袱 shih-bau-’fu, n., an actor who commands a wide repertory.
4. 戲筆 shih-bii, n., a “playful stroke of the pen,” in rapid sketch.
5. 戲齣兒 shih-chu-’l, n., comics or toys with themes from the theater.
6. 戲曲 shih-chyuu, n., the theater, theatrical plays.
7. 戲單（兒） shih-dan(shih-da-’l), n., the theatrical bill.
8. 戲法（兒） shih-faa(’l), n., magic, sleight-of-hand;
9. 戲法（兒） shih-faa(’l), n., (fig.) a trick: 戲法人人會變 tricks in business, politics are common to all—no one’s specialty.
10. 戲館子 shih-guan-tz, n., formerly, a theater (now usu. 戲院 shih-yuahn↓).
11. 戲劇 shih-jyuh, n., common term for drama;
12. 戲劇 shih-jyuh, n., 戲劇性 dramatic.
13. 戲碼兒 shih-maa-’l, n., theatrical program.
14. 戲迷 shih-mir, n., an addict of (Peking) opera.
15. 戲弄 shih-nuhng, v.t., to mock, tease (person).
16. 戲謔 shih-nyueh, n. & v.i. & adj., cajolery, making fun of each other;
17. 戲謔 shih-nyueh, n. & v.i. & adj., mocking.
18. 戲判 shih-pahn, n., an occasional critical opinion, usu. written in fun.
19. 戲評 shih-pirng, n., dramatic criticism.
20. 戲殺 shih-sha, v.t., (LL) to commit manslaughter, without intention and started in fun.
21. 戲衫（子） shih-shan(tz), n., stage costume.
22. 戲箱 shih-shiang, n., actors’ trunks containing accessories of play.
23. 戲耍 shih-shuaa, n. & v.i., playing and joking;
24. 戲耍 shih-shuaa, n. & v.i., to do for fun.
25. 戲臺 shih-tair, n., the theatrical stage.
26. 戲談 shih-tarn, n., playful discussion.
27. 戲子 shih-tz, n., (derog.) an actor.
28. 戲文 shih-wern, n., (1) a play;
29. 戲文 shih-wern, n., (2) text of a play.
30. 戲言 shih-yarn, n., a joke, a humorous remark.
31. 戲衣 shih-yi, n., stage costume.
32. 戲院 shih-yuahn, n., a theater or movie house.
33. 戲園子 shih-yuarn-tz, n., formerly, a theater (modn, shih-yuahn↑).

鹹 Num. Index: 21S.71-7 shiarn .

Adj. Salty, salted: 鹹鴨蛋 salted duck’s egg;
鹹魚 salted fish;
太鹹了 too salty;
鹹津津的 very salty.

Words 1. 鹹肉 shiarn-rouh, n., salt pork;
2. 鹹肉 shiarn-rouh, n., (Shanghai sl.) low-class call girl;
3. 鹹肉 shiarn-rouh, n., 鹹肉莊 secret brothel.
4. 鹹潟 shiarn-shieh, adj., (land, soil) impregnated with salt, barren.
5. 鹹水 shiarn-shueei, n., salt water;
6. 鹹水 shiarn-shueei, n., 鹹水妹 (Cantonese sl.) prostitutes patronized exclusively by white men in the ports.
7. 鹹濕 shiarn-shy, adj., (Cantonese) (lit.) salty and wet;
8. 鹹濕 shiarn-shy, adj., (fig.) indulgent in sex and sexual matters.
9. 鹹菜 shiarn-tsaih, n., salted vegetables;
10. 鹹菜 shiarn-tsaih, n., 鹹酸菜 pickled vegetables.

頃 Num. Index: 21S.80-3 chiing (*ching ).

N. (1) A land measure: a hundred moou 畝, about 15.13 acres;
千頃，萬頃 a vast expanse (of fields, water, sorrows).
(2) A short while, see 頃刻 chiing-keh↓.

Adj. (*ching) (AC) leaning, inclining (u.f. 傾).

Adv. Just now: 頃接來信 just received your letter;
頃聞 have just heard;
頃者，頃之 (LL) just now.

Words 1. 頃久 chirng-jioou, adv., (AC) a short moment.
2. 頃刻 chiing-keh, adv., in a short instant;
3. 頃刻 chiing-keh, adv., also 頃刻間，頃間.

潁 Num. Index: 21S.80-3 yiing .

N. Name of river.

穎 Num. Index: 21S.80-3 yiing . [Interch. □]

N. Spike of wheat;
a sharp point: 脫穎而出 a good man cannot be kept down as an awl point is bound to stick out of pocket.

Adj. Outstanding, intelligent: 穎秀，穎悟 yiing-shiouh, yiing-wuh↓.

Words 1. 穎慧 yirng-hueih, adj., intelligent.
2. 穎秀 yiing-shiouh, adj., brilliant (student).
3. 穎脫 yiing-tuo, v.i., to distinguish oneself (see N.↑).
4. 穎悟 yiing-wuh, adj., quick in understanding.

□ Num. Index: 21S.80-3 yiing . [Pop. of 穎↑]

顈 Num. Index: 21S.80-3 chyuung .

N. A plant of hemp family.

頻 Num. Index: 21S.80-3 pirn . [Rarely used as var. of 蘋 20A.80, 顰 22.10]

Adj. & adv. (1) Frequent, -ly, often, again and again: 頻送秋波 the girl repeatedly casts a glance in one’s direction;
continuous: 頻年內亂 continuous civil wars.
(2) (AC) in critical condition.

Words 1. 頻煩（繁） pirn-farn, adj., multifarious, crushing (business, duties).
2. 頻率 pirn-lyuh, n., (phys.) frequency (of waves).
3. 頻仍 pirn-rerng, adj., continuous, uninterrupted (civil wars 內亂).

顓 Num. Index: 21S.80-3 juan .

Adj. (1) (AC) cautious, honest: 顓 good, honest people.
(2) Ignorant: 顓蒙 juan-merng↓.

Words 1. 顓顓 juan-juan, adj., (AC) 顓顓獨居 living alone.
2. 顓蒙 juan-merng, adj., ignorant (people).
3. 顓頊 Juan-shyuh, n., name of an emperor (2514-2436 B.C.), grandson of Yellow Emperor.

顱 Num. Index: 21S.80-3 lur .

N. 頭顱 the skull.

狀 Num. Index: 21S.81-1 juahng .

N. (1) Shape, appearance, form, manner: 狀貌 juahng-mauh↓;
狀態 juahng-taih↓;
形狀 shape;
凶惡之狀 a ferocious manner;
狀如瘋狂 looks like mad;
出言無狀 use rude language.
(2) Condition: 狀況 juahng-kuahng↓;
情狀 condition (of patient, neighborhood after fire), how one feels (see 情 22A.42).
(3) (juahng-tz) A letter of appeal to authority, esp. a legal plaint or complaint: 狀詞，狀子 juahng-tsyr, juahng-tz↓;
告狀，訴狀 to register legal complaint;
具狀 lodge a charge or complaint.
(4) Official ducument: 委任狀 letter of appointment;
獎狀 certificate of award.
(5) 行狀 brief biographical sketch of deceased.

v.t. To describe, narrate: 自狀其過 confessed his own mistakes;
不可名狀 indescribable (confusion, etc.).

Words 1. 狀棍 juahng-guhn, n., pettifogging lawyer, “shyster.”
2. 狀紙 juahng-jyy, n., legal-sized paper.
3. 狀況 juahng-kuahng, n., condition (of things in school, hospital, of patient), general aspects.
4. 狀貌 juahng-mauh, n., a person’s looks, appearance.
5. 狀態 juahng-taih, n., manner or appearance;
6. 狀態 juahng-taih, n., condition of things, see juahng-kuahng↑;
7. 狀態 juahng-taih, n., 戰前狀態 status quo ante bellum;
8. 狀態 juahng-taih, n., 現此狀態 status quo.
9. 狀頭 juahng-tour, n., (1) (Yuan Dyn.) plaintiff;
10. 狀頭 juahng-tour, n., (2) coll. for 狀元 juahng-yuarn↓.
11. 狀詞 juahng-tsyr, n., legal plaint.
12. 狀子 juahng-tz, n., ditto.
13. 狀元 juahng-yuarn, n., the No.1 of the national civil examinations;
14. 狀元 juahng-yuarn, n., 狀元籌 juahng-yuarn-chour, n., a dice game of 6 dices, so-called because one who throws highest combination 狀元紅 is called 狀元.
15. 狀語 juahng-yuu, n., (gram.) adverb (commonly called 副詞);
16. 狀語 juahng-yuu, n., 狀語子句 adverbial clause;
17. 狀語 juahng-yuu, n., 狀語短語 adverbial phrase.

獃 Num. Index: 21S.81-1 air (also dai ).

Adj. (Identical with 呆 40.01) stupid, dull: 獃頭獃腦 tactless, insensible to what is happening in given circumstances.

Words 1. 獃氣 air-chih (dai-chih), n., a stupid air or look.
2. 獃子 air-tz (dai-tz), n., an idiot.

獻 Num. Index: 21S.81-1 shiahn . [Abbr. □]

N. 文獻 cultural heritage;
historical data, papers, documents, literature.

V.t. To offer up, present to superior: 獻計 present a plan or strategy;
獻俘 present war prisoners to emperor or commander;
獻捷 announce victory;
貢獻 pay tributary goods, also contribute (ideas, suggestions);
供獻 to offer (sacrifices, etc.);
奉獻 to offer, contribute (to church, superior).

Words 1. 獻芹 shiahn-chirn, v.i., (LL, court.) to contribute or present an insignificant gift (lit., “celery”).
2. 獻醜 shiahn-choou, v.i., (derog. or self-depreciating) present (a show, performance);
3. 獻醜 shiahn-choou, v.i., (lit.) “reveal awkwardness,” exposes one’s weaknesses.
4. 獻馘 shiahn-guor, v.i., (AC) present the cut-off left ears of war prisoners or captives.
5. 獻拙 shiahn-juor, v.i., see shiahn-choou↑.
6. 獻媚 shiahn-meih, v.i., to curry favor, fawn upon, cater to.
7. 獻曝 shiahn-puh, v.i., (LL, court. allu.) give a sincere but unworthy present (“present sunshine” of one’s country).
8. 獻身 shiahn-shen, v.i., to dedicate oneself (to cause, country).
9. 獻歲 shiahn-sueih, n., (LL) the New Year, year’s beginning.
10. 獻替 shiahn-tih, phr., (=獻可替否) (AC) persuade to do good and dissuade from evil.
11. 獻辭 shiahn-tsyr, n., dedication (of a book or at ceremony).
12. 獻贈 shiahn-tzehng, n., a contribution (of gift or ideas).

鹼 Num. Index: 21S.81-8 jiaan . [var. □; pop. 廴]

N. & adj. Alkali(ne): 鹼性 alkaline;
鹼土，鹼地 such soil;
燒鹼 caustic soda;
鹼水 lye;
汗鹼 sweat stains on underwear;
鹼質 alkalis.

以 Num. Index: 21S.81-8 yii .

N. Short for 以色列 Israel (cf. 意 for Italy).

V.i. & t. (1) Do: 可以 vb. aux., may;
視其所以 see what he does.
(2) Consider as: 以為 yii-weir, 以謂 yii-weih↓.
(3) In order to;
like Eng. “to”, used to introduce infinitive: 以免，以妨 in order to avoid, prevent;
以備萬一 to provide against any contingency;
以杜後患 to forestall future trouble;
以釋群疑 to allay doubt in public’s mind;
以補所失 to repay the loss;
以救眉急 to answer urgent needs;
以資參考 to provide for reference;
以致身亡 as a result, he died;
以昭信用 to show good faith.

Prep. (Usu.) placed before nn. (1) Giving direction or time sequence: 以上，以下 above, below;
以東，以西，以左，以右 to the east, west, left, right;
以前，以後 before, after;
以往 formerly;
以來 since that time;
以外，以內 excluding, including.
(2) Giving cause: 以此，以此之故，以故 for this reason;
是以，所以 therefore;
良有以也 (LL) indeed that was why.
(3) With, indicating implement, instrumentality;
以毒攻毒 fight poison with poison;
以德報怨 to return good for evil;
以手加額 place hand over one’s forehead (in greeting);
以身作則 make oneself serve as example to others;
以淚洗面 “wash my face with tears” (in extreme misery);
以逸待勞 hold one’s position awaiting enemy attack after long march;
以訛傳訛 pass on rumors, incorrect reading, etc.

Words 1. 以便 yii-biahn, phr., in order to facilitate (doing): 以便回報，回家 so that I can make a report, return home.
2. 以前 yii-chiarn, adv. & prep., before: 啟程以前 before departure;
3. 以前 yii-chiarn, adv. & prep., 以前不是這樣 it was not so before.
4. 以待 yii-daih, phr., in order to wait for (what is expected).
5. 以防 yii-farng, phr., in order to prevent.
6. 以故 yii-guh, adv. & conj., therefore.
7. 以後 yii-houh, adv., (1) since (used after vb.);
8. 以後 yii-houh, adv., (2) later on, afterwards.
9. 以還 yii-huarn, adv., (LL) since (=以來 used after vb.).
10. 以降 yii-jiahng, adv., (LL) since (some past date or event), from (event) down.
11. 以致 yii-jyh, phr., resulting in (division, destruction, death, etc.);
12. 以致 yii-jyh, phr., with the result that (I came late, etc.).
13. 以來 yii-lair, adv., since, after (doing): 民國以來 since the founding of the Republic.
14. 以免 yir-miaan, phr., in order to prevent, forestall.
15. 以內 yii-neih, prep., phr. including.
16. 以色列 Yii-seh-lieh, n., Israel.
17. 以上 yii-shahng, (1) adv. & prep., above (certain number, age, etc.): 以上所說 what is said above;
18. 以上 yii-shahng, (2) n., the above (passage).
19. 以下 yii-shiah, adv. & prep., below (number, age): 三十以下 below thirty;
20. 以下 yii-shiah, adv. & prep., 以下所說 what follows.
21. 以次 yii-tsyh, adv., according to order.
22. 以此 yii-tsyy, (1) conj., because of this, therefore;
23. 以此 yii-tsyy, (2) phr., with this (conclude, etc.);
24. 以此 yii-tsyy, (3) accordingly: 以此進行 proceed thus.
25. 以資 yii-tzy, phr., to help along (doing);
26. 以資 yii-tzy, phr., to provide for (reference, etc.).
27. 以往 yir-waang, ad. & adv., former, -ly: 以往的事 past events.
28. 以外 yii-waih, (1) phr., excluding;
29. 以外 yii-waih, (2) conj., furthermore.
30. 以謂 yii-weih, phr., (AC) see yii-weir↓.
31. 以為 yii-weir (yii-’wei), v.i., regard as, take for (usu. mistakenly): 以為好人 thought or took s.o. as a good man;
32. 以為 yii-weir (yii-’wei), v.i., 我以為 I thought (by mistake).

𤦩 Num. Index: 21S.81-9 kuaan . [Pop. of 款 11S.81]

□ Num. Index: 21S.81-9 yur . [Abbr. of 歟 90S.81]

歔 Num. Index: 21S.81-9 shyu .

V.i. To blow, suck: 歔枯吹生 (AC) blow life into dead plants.

Words 1. 歔欷 shyu-shi¹, v.i., to sob and sniffle;
2. 歔欷 shyu-shi¹, v.i., cf. 噓 40A.30.
3. 歔吸 shyu-shi², v.i. & t., to suck in.

歧 Num. Index: 21S82-1 chir .

Adj. (Of roads and methods) branching off, see 歧路，歧途 chir-luh, chir-tur↓;
意見分歧 opinions sharply differ, divided counsel;
discriminating, see 歧視 chir-shyh↓.

Words 1. 歧歧 chir-chir, adj., (AC) descriptive of flying.
2. 歧出 chir-chu, v.i., to fork out.
3. 歧路 chir-luh, n., a forked road: 歧路亡羊 phr., a lamb goes astray on forked road;
4. 歧路 chir-luh, n., (fig.) going astray.
5. 歧念 chir-niahn, n., strange ideas, stray thoughts.
6. 歧視 chir-shyh, v.t., to discriminate against (s.o.).
7. 歧途 chir-tur, n., stray road: 錯入歧途 fall into wrong path;
8. 歧途 chir-tur, n., see chir-luh↑.
9. 歧異 chir-yih, n., deviation, difference.

敁 Num. Index: 21S.82-2 dian .

V.i. 敁敪 to weigh (with hand);
to estimate the weight of.

皻 Num. Index: 21S.82-2 ja .

N. Red blotch (esp. on nose from excessive drinking): 酒皻.

叔 Num. Index: 21S.82-3 shur .

N. (1) An uncle younger than father.
(2) Husband’s younger brother, also 小叔，叔叔，叔子.
(3) Familiar address of junior member of father’s generation.

Adj. (1) Number 3 in sequence of brothers: 伯1, 仲2, 叔 or 季3.
(2) The last, latter part: 叔世，叔季 shur-shyh, shur-jih↓.

Words 1. 叔伯 shur-bor (shur-’bo), n., uncles ( 伯 senior uncle; 叔 junior uncle).
2. 叔父 shur-fuh, n., paternal uncle who is younger than one’s father.
3. 叔公 shur-gung, n., granduncle;
4. 叔公 shur-gung, n., also used by mothers following children’s address of uncle.
5. 叔丈（人） shur-jahng (rern), n., wife’s uncle.
6. 叔季 shur-jih, n., the latter days (of dynasty, empire).
7. 叔舅 shur-jiouh, n., mother’s younger brother.
8. 叔姪 shur-jyr, n., uncle and nephew.
9. 叔母 shur-muu, n., aunt, wife of junior uncle.
10. 叔婆 shur-por, n., grandfather’s younger brother’s wife.
11. 叔嬸 shur-sheen, n., aunt, wife of junior uncle.
12. 叔叔 shur-’shu, n., (vocative) uncle;
13. 叔叔 shur-’shu, n., husband’s younger brother.
14. 叔世 shur-shyh, n., (AC) see shur-jih↑.
15. 叔子 shur-tz, n., husband’s younger brother (also called 小叔子).
16. 叔祖 shur-tzuu, n., granduncle.
17. 叔翁 shur-weng, n., (vocative) granduncle.

叡 Num. Index: 21S.82-3 rueih .

Adj. Interch. 睿 21A.41.

□ Num. Index: 21S.82-6 yaau . [Var. of 咬 40A.82]

疑 Num. Index: 21S.83-3 yir .

V.i & t. To doubt, suspect: 疑心，疑惑 yir-shin, yir-huoh↑;
不疑 doubt not;
無疑的 doubtlessly;
可疑 suspicious, questionable;
見疑 do not enjoy confidence;
多疑 prone to suspect, doubt;
令人生疑 arouse one’s suspicion;
猜疑 to suspect;
嫌^疑 93A.22;
疑信參半 half believe, do not believe entirely;
疑神疑鬼 imagine all sorts of things.

Adj. Unclear, unsettled, undecided: 疑案，疑義，疑問 yir-ahn, yir-yih², yir-wehn↓;
疑犯 yir-fahn↓.

Words 1. 疑案 yir-ahn, n., an unsettled case at court, a mystery case.
2. 疑謗 yir-bahng, v.i. & t., to smear one’s name, be subject to smearing.
3. 疑兵 yir-bihng, n., (mil.) a feint to mislead enemy.
4. 疑貳 yir-ehl, v.i., become disaffected, of wavering loyalty.
5. 疑犯 yir-fahn, n., a suspect (in a lawsuit).
6. 疑惑 yir-huoh, n., doubt and perplexity;
7. 疑惑 yir-huoh, v.i., to be perplexed, to be wondering (what will happen, etc.).
8. 疑忌 yir-jih, v.t., to be jealous (of person);
9. 疑忌 yir-jih, v., jealousy.
10. 疑懼 yir-jyuh, v.i. & n., (to live in) doubt and fear.
11. 疑慮 yir-lyuh, v.i. & t., to be worried, concerned;
12. 疑慮 yir-lyuh, n., worry, concern.
13. 疑難 yir-nahn, n., a difficulty, a difficult problem.
14. 疑相 yir-’shiang, n., misunderstanding or mistake: 弄疑相 (coll.) do s.t. questionable.
15. 疑心 yir-shin, v.i., to guess, suspect: 我疑心是他 I guess it is he;
16. 疑心 yir-shin, v.i., 絕不疑心 have full confidence;
17. 疑心 yir-shin, v.i., 疑心病 morbid suspicion.
18. 疑似 yir-syh, adj., apparently correct but is not, fallacious.
19. 疑團 yir-tuarn, n., dark shadows of doubt lurking in one’s mind.
20. 疑問 yir-wehn, n., a question in gen.: 有甚麼疑問 any questions?
21. 疑意 yir-yih¹, n., doubt, suspicion in mind.
22. 疑義 yir-yih², n., doubtful or inadequately explained meaning of words.
23. 疑影 yir-’ying, n., shadow of suspicion.
24. 疑獄 yir-yuh, n., see yir-ahn↑.

齪 Num. Index: 21S.83-4 chuoh .

N. & adj. See 齷^齪 21S.11.

妝 Num. Index: 21S.93-9 juang . [Pop. □; var. □，裝]

N. Costume, make-up: 宮妝 palace style;
梳妝 hairdressing;
梳妝臺 dressing table;
新妝 new fashion;
嫁妝 trousseau;
假妝，化妝 disguise;
濃妝，豔妝 (of woman) heavy make-up, dressy, beautiful dress;
淡妝，素妝 simple attire.

V.i. & t. (1) To dress up, adorn, apply make-up: 妝點，妝扮，妝飾 juang-diaan, juang-bahn, juang-shyh↓.
To pretend, disguise (see 裝 21.02).

Words 1. 妝扮 juang-bahn, v.i. & n., dress (-ing) up, be dressed up.
2. 妝點 juang-diaan, n. & v.i., ditto.
3. 妝奩 juang-liarn, n., (1) trousseau;
4. 妝奩 juang-liarn, n., (2) (rare) cosmetic articles.
5. 妝樓 juang-lour, n., a lady’s boudoir.
6. 妝梳 juang-shu, n., (=梳妝) hairdressing.
7. 妝飾 juang-shyh, n. & v.t., decorations;
8. 妝飾 juang-shyh, n. & v.t., dress up.
9. 妝臺 juang-tair, n., dressing table.
10. 妝次 juang-tsyh, phr., opening formula in letter addressing a lady.

掌 Num. Index: 22.00 jaang .

N. (1) The palm of hand: 巴掌，手掌 ditto;
腳掌 sole of foot;
拍掌 clap in applause;
擊掌 clap hands as signal;
鼓掌 (audience) clap applause;
孤掌難鳴 one cannot make a clap with one hand—useless without friendly support.
(2) (Fig.) as in: 易如反掌 very easy to do (“as turning hand over”);
瞭如指掌 very evident;
掌上明珠 a dearly beloved daughter.
(3) Paw, hoof of animal: 熊掌 (edible) bear’s paw;
鴨掌 duck’s feet;
釘馬掌 put on horse-shoe.
(4) Paw-like object: 仙人掌 cactus, “prickly pear.”

V.i & t. (1) to slap: 掌頰 slap on the face;
掌嘴 slap across the mouth.
(2) To be in charge of, be head of: 掌管，掌握 jaang-guaan, jaang-woh↓;
職掌 a person’s duty;
掌家 manage a home;
掌校 to head a school;
掌教 to head a church;
掌政 head a government;
掌案兒的 the employee in butcher shop responsible for chopping;
掌顬兒的 the cook specialising in frying;
掌灶兒的 person in charge of cooking in restaurant;
掌鼓 (person) be in charge of the drum (Chin. opera).
(3) To bear, stand: 掌不住笑了 could not help laughing;
強掌住不哭出來 control one’s weeping.

Words 1. 掌案 jaang-ahn, n., head of bureau of files and records.
2. 掌權 jaang-chyuarn, v.i., to have real power.
3. 掌燈 jaang-deng, phr., to light a lamp: 掌燈的時候 the hour when lamps are lighted.
4. 掌舵 jaang-duoh, (1) n., helmsman;
5. 掌舵 jaang-duoh, (2) v.i., to be at the helm.
6. 掌管 jaang-guaan, v.t., to have charge of (household, the lights, the official seal, etc.).
7. 掌櫃的 jaang-gueih-’de, n., (1) cashier;
8. 掌櫃的 jaang-gueih-’de, n., (2) the boss, in shop.
9. 掌故 jaang-guh, n., anecdote in gen.;
10. 掌故 jaang-guh, n., stories of the past.
11. 掌記 jaang-jih, n., (1) (AC) historiographer in charge of recording natural phenomena (comets, etc.);
12. 掌記 jaang-jih, n., (2) secretary in charge of documents and official communications.
13. 掌理 jarng-lii, v. t., see jaang-guaan↑.
14. 掌扇 jaang-shahn, n., a big parasol with long handle, used in parades.
15. 掌心 jaang-shin, n., center of palm of hand;
16. 掌心 jaang-shin, n., 掌心雷 Taoist magic, reputed to be able to call forth thunder by rubbing palm of hand.
17. 掌紋 jaang-wern, n., hand lines in palmistry.
18. 掌握 jaang-woh, n. & v.t., control, have in control: 掌握時政 in charge of government policy.

□ Num. Index: 22.00 shyuer . [Abbr. of 學 90.00]

小 Num. Index: 22.01 shiaau .

N. The young: 老小 the young and old;
妻小 wife and children.

Adj. (1) Small in size: 小舖子 a small store;
小巷 an alley;
小本生意 small business;
小型汽車 small car;
小指 the litttle finger;
小楷 fine regular characters in small size;
小築 a little villa.
(2) Little, unimportant: 小名氣 some little reputation;
小便宜 petty gains;
小聰明 intelligent in small ways, but oft. tricky;
小意思 shiaau-yih-’sy↓;
小人，小民 shiaau-rern, shiaar-mirn↓;
小題大做 much ado about nothing;
小不忍則亂大謀 who cannot take small insults or setbacks is liable to spoil big plans.
(3) Minor, junior: 小丫頭，小么兒 shiaau-ya-’tou, shiaau-yau-’l↓;
小弟，小妹 younger brother, sister;
小孩 shiaau-hair↓;
小妻 shiaau-chi, 小老婆 shiaau-laau-’por↓;
(4) (In self-deprecation) humble, small: 小僧 used by monk;
小女 my daughter;
小婿 my son-in-law;
小門生 your humble pupil.
(5) Lesser: 小年夜，小除夕 day before New Year’s Eve;
小至 day before 冬至 winter solstice;
小重陽 day after 9th day of 9th lunar month.

Adv. A little: 小立，小坐 stand, sit for a while;
小語 have a little talk;
小別 temporary parting;
小□，小息 rest a little;
小看 to despise;
小視 shiaau-shyh↓.

Words 1. 小半（兒） shiaau-bahn(shiaau-bah-’l), n., the lesser half.
2. 小白臉兒 shiaau-bair-liaa-’l, n., handsome, fair-complexioned, small and not muscular young man.
3. 小班（兒） shiaau-ban(shiaau-ba-’l), n., as in 清吟小班 formerly, first-class courtsesan.
4. 小報兒 shiaau-bauh-’l, n., tabloid paper.
5. 小輩 shiaau-beih, n., (1) the younger generation, youth;
6. 小輩 shiaau-beih, n., (2) lout.
7. 小便 shiaau-biahn, (1) v.i., to urinate;
8. 小便 shiaau-biahn, (2) n., urine.
9. 小步（兒） shiaau-buh(’l), adv., in leisurely steps.
10. 小產 shiaur-chaan (shiaur-’chan), n., abortion.
11. 小腸 shiaau-charng, n., the intestines;
12. 小腸 shiaau-charng, n., 小腸氣 (Chin. med.) inflammation of kidneys and testicles (also called 疝氣).
13. 小成 shiaau-cherng, n., (AC) completion of 7-year high-school course.
14. 小妻 shiaau-chi, n., concubine.
15. 小氣 shiaau-’chi, adj., narrowminded, stingy (also wr. 小器).
16. 小巧 shiaur-chiaau, adj., as in 小巧玲瓏 (small art objects) pretty, cleverly made.
17. 小瞧 shiaau-chiaur, v.t., to look down upon.
18. 小竊 shiaau-chieh, n., petty thief, burglar.
19. 小青 shiaau-ching, n., (1) (bot.) indigo plant;
20. 小青 shiaau-ching, n., (2) (MC) maid.
21. 小醜 shiaur-choou¹, n., roughnecks.
22. 小丑（兒） shiaur-choou²(’l), n., clown.
23. 小雛兒 shiaau-chur-’l, n., (1) chicken;
24. 小雛兒 shiaau-chur-’l, n., (2) a dolt, inexperienced youth.
25. 小吃店 shiaau-chy-diahn, n., snack bar.
26. 小曲 shiaur-chyuu, n., folk song, ditty.
27. 小大姐 shiaau-dah-jiee, n., mature girl servant.
28. 小旦 shiaau-dahn, n., Chin. opera actress.
29. 小道兒 shiaau-dauh-’l, n., (1) by-path;
30. 小道兒 shiaau-dauh-’l, n., (2) irregular or illegal approach.
31. 小的 shiaau-’di, n., (1) a servant;
32. 小的 shiaau-’di, n., (2) (shiaau-de) a young one (also wr. 小底).
33. 小調（兒） shiaau-diauh(’l), n., a song, ditty.
34. 小弟 shiaau-dih, n., (court. in selfreference) younger brother.
35. 小豆 shiaau-douh, n., (1) kinds of small beans;
36. 小豆 shiaau-douh, n., (2) kind which turns dark red when cooked;
37. 小豆 shiaau-douh, n., 小豆腐兒 shiaau-douh-’fu-’l, n., a paste mixture of rice, flour and vegetable in North China;
38. 小豆 shiaau-douh, n., 豆兒 minute trifles.
39. 小肚子 shiaau-duh-tz, n., region below navel.
40. 小二 shiaau-ehl, n., waiter at wine shop or hotel.
41. 小兒 shiaau-erl, n., (1) a child;
42. 小兒 shiaau-erl, n., my son;
43. 小兒 shiaau-erl, n., (2) (shiaau-’l) period of childhood: 從小兒 from childhood;
44. 小兒 shiaau-erl, n., a child, children;
45. 小兒 shiaau-erl, n., 小兒科 n., pediatrics;
46. 小兒 shiaau-erl, n., 小兒麻痺 poliomyelitis=polio, infantile paralysis.
47. 小販 shiaau-fahn, n., a peddler.
48. 小方脈 shiaau-fang-moh, n., pediatrics.
49. 小費 shiaau-feih, n., tips, gratuities.
50. 小腹 shiaau-fuh¹, n., region below navel;
51. 小腹 shiaau-fuh¹, n., see shiaau-duh-tz↑.
52. 小婦 shiaau-fuh², n., see shiaau-chi↑.
53. 小夫人 shiaau-fu-rern, n., concubine.
54. 小哥 shiaau-ge, n., as in 小哥兒們 a group of young men, also 小哥們兒.
55. 小歌劇 shiaau-ge-jyuh, n., operetta.
56. 小狗兒的 shiaur-goou-’l-’de, n., affectionate term for children (“puppy”).
57. 小姑（兒） shiaau-gu(’l), n., husband’s younger sister (also 小姑子);
58. 小姑（兒） shiaau-gu(’l), n., 小姑娘（兒） young girl.
59. 小褂兒 shiaau-guah-’l, n., light, unlined jacket.
60. 小官（兒） shiaau-guan(’l), n., minor official;
61. 小官（兒） shiaau-guan(’l), n., formerly, court. self-reference of official before superior;
62. 小官（兒） shiaau-guan(’l), n., 小官人 (MC) address for upper-class young man.
63. 小鬼（兒） shiaur-gueei(’l), n., (1) ‘little devil”—intimate reference to mischievous boy (also 小鬼頭);
64. 小鬼（兒） shiaur-gueei(’l), n., (2) little devils that run errands in Hell.
65. 小功 shiaau-gung¹, n., mourning of five months for certain relatives.
66. 小工（兒） shiaau-gung²(’l), n., a labor hand (carrying gravel, soil in construction work, etc.).
67. 小鼓 shiaau-guu, n., a tabor, taborine.
68. 小孩（兒）（子） shiaau-hair(’l) (shiaau-har-’l)(tz), n., a child.
69. 小鬟 shiaau-huarn, n., a young maidservant.
70. 小夥（子）（兒） shiaur-huoo(tz)(’l), n., able-bodied young man.
71. 小賬 shiaau-jahng, n., tip for waiters, etc.
72. 小照 shiaau-jauh, n., (photo) a portrait.
73. 小腳（兒） shiaur-jiaau(’l), n., bound feet.
74. 小家子 shiaau-jia-tz (shiaau-jia-tzyy), n., coarse, lower-class person;
75. 小家子 shiaau-jia-tz (shiaau-jia-tzyy), n., 小家碧玉 daughter of middle-class family.
76. 小姐 shiaur-jiee¹, n., an unmarried girl: 廖小姐 Miss Liauh, also used for married professional women.
77. 小解 shiaur-jiee², v.i., to urinate.
78. 小節 shiaau-jier, n., minor points of conduct.
79. 小薊 shiaau-jih, n., cat thistle.
80. 小己 shiaur-jii, n., person, individual.
81. 小舅子 shiaau-jiouh-tz, n., wife’s younger brother.
82. 小傳 shiaau-juahn¹, n., a short biography, biographic sketch.
83. 小篆 shiaau-juahn², n., anc. script in Chirn and Hahn Dyns., simplified from 大篆.
84. 小註（兒） shiaau-juh(’l), n., footnotes.
85. 小君 shiaau-jyun, n., (AC) wife.
86. 小楷 shiaur-kaai, n., regular small script.
87. 小看 shiaau-kahn, v.t., to despise, look down upon.
88. 小開 shiaau-kai, n., (Shanghai dial.) young boss of a business.
89. 小康 shiaau-kang, n., (1) as in 小康之家 a well-to-do middle-class family;
90. 小康 shiaau-kang, n., (2) period of well-organized human society (cf. 大^同 12.81).
91. 小可 shiaur-kee, adj. & adv., a little.
92. 小老婆 shiaur-laau-’por, n., (coll.) concubine.
93. 小郎 shiaau-larng, n., (1) (MC) husband’s younger brother;
94. 小郎 shiaau-larng, n., (2) (MC) a young man.
95. 小李 shiaur-lii (shiaur-li), n., a petty burglar.
96. 小綹 shiaur-lioou, n., see shiaur-lii↑.
97. 小零兒 shiaau-lirng-’l, n., change (of coins).
98. 小麥 shiaau-maih¹, n., wheat.
99. 小賣 shiaau-maih², v.t., to peddle (noodles, cold drinks, etc.).
100. 小米兒 shiaur-miee-’l, n., millet.
101. 小民 shiaau-mirn, n., humble people;
102. 小民 shiaau-mirn, n., also (in self-reference toward judge) your humble servant.
103. 小名（兒） shiaau-mirng(’l), n., childhood name at home, different from legal name.
104. 小末 shiaau-moh, n., (Chin. opera) minor male role.
105. 小拇指（頭） shiaau-’mu-jyy(’tou), n., the little finger.
106. 小腦 shiaur-naau, n., (physiol.) cerebellum.
107. 小奶奶（兒） shiaau-’nai-’nai(’l), n., see shiaau-chi↑.
108. 小娘子 shiaau-niarng-tz, n., (MC) a young girl: 小娘們兒 (a) (derog.) young women;
109. 小娘子 shiaau-niarng-tz, n., (b) concubines.
110. 小妮子 shiaau-nir-tz, n., (1) (coll.) a small girl, girl of teenage;
111. 小妮子 shiaau-nir-tz, n., 小妮兒 ditto;
112. 小妮子 shiaau-nir-tz, n., (2) a maidservant.
113. 小女 shiaur-nyuu, n., (court.) my daughter.
114. 小品 shiaur-piin, n., also 小品文 belles-lettres, essays, sketches.
115. 小貧 shiaau-pirn, adj., (rare) stingy.
116. 小人 shiaau-rern (shiaau-’ren), n., (1) common people;
117. 小人 shiaau-rern (shiaau-’ren), n., (2) selfish or mean person;
118. 小人 shiaau-rern (shiaau-’ren), n., (3) used of oneself in humble intercourse;
119. 小人 shiaau-rern (shiaau-’ren), n., 小人兒 a clay doll, figurine;
120. 小人 shiaau-rern (shiaau-’ren), n., 小人兒書 books for children.
121. 小軟兒 shiaur-ruaa-’l, n., a defenseless person.
122. 小日子兒 shiaau-ryh-’tze-’l, n., (1) simple home life: 小日子兒過得不錯 lead a fair simple home life;
123. 小日子兒 shiaau-ryh-’tze-’l, n., (2) the bride’s day of menstruation ascertained in fixing wedding day.
124. 小嬸（兒）（子） shiaur-shee(’l)(-tz), n., younger brother’s wife.
125. 小生 shiaau-sheng, n., (1) (court. used in self-reference, by scholars or pupils) your pupil;
126. 小生 shiaau-sheng, n., (2) (Chin. opera) young male actor.
127. 小舌 shiaau-sher, n., (physiol.) the uvula.
128. 小小 shiaur-shiaau, adj., very small (affair), very young (child): 小小子兒 a young male child.
129. 小相 shiaau-shiahng¹, n., (AC) assistant.
130. 小像 shiaau-shiahng², n., portrait (=肖像).
131. 小祥 shiaau-shiarng, n., first anniversary of parent’s death.
132. 小寫 shiaau-shiee, n., (spelling) small letters, (printing) lower case, “l.c.”
133. 小性兒 shiaau-shihng-’l, n., childish temper.
134. 小喜 shiaur-shii, n., (sl.) abortion.
135. 小心 shiaau-shin (shiaau-’shin), (1) adj., careful;
136. 小心 shiaau-shin (shiaau-’shin), (2) v.i. & t., take care: 小心燈火 take care of the lights;
137. 小心 shiaau-shin (shiaau-’shin), v.i. & t., 玻璃小心 glass—handle gently (“fragile”).
138. 小心眼兒 shiaau-shin-yaa-’l, adj., narrow-minded, stingy.
139. 小星 shiaau-shing, n., (LL) concubine.
140. 小數 shiaau-shuh, n., (math.) fraction.
141. 小說（兒） shiaau-shuo(’l), n., a novel;
142. 小說（兒） shiaau-shuo(’l), n., 小說家 novelist;
143. 小說（兒） shiaau-shuo(’l), n., (AC) writer of anecdotes, stories.
144. 小叔（子） shiaau-shur(tz), n., husband’s younger brother.
145. 小視 shiaau-shyh, v.t., to despise (s.o.), regard as of no importance.
146. 小食 shiaau-shyr¹, n., snacks (noodles, dumplings, etc.).
147. 小時 shiaau-shyr², n., (1) an hour;
148. 小時 shiaau-shyr², n., (2) the young days: 小時候 childhood days.
149. 小雪 shiaur-shyuee, n., a solar term, see Appendix B.
150. 小學 shiaau-shyuer, n., (1) elementary school, primary school;
151. 小學 shiaau-shyuer, n., (2) study of anc. forms, phonology and meaning of written language.
152. 小兄 shiaau-shyung, n., (court. self-reference) I, your elder brother.
153. 小廝 shiaau-sy, n., manservant.
154. 小帖兒 shiaur-tiee-’l, n., exchange of bride’s and groom’s horoscopes written on red paper.
155. 小提琴 shiaau-tir-chirn, n., violin.
156. 小蹄子 shiaau-tir-tz, n., (coll., abusive) little wench.
157. 小偷（兒） shiaau-tou-(’l), n., petty thief.
158. 小菜兒 shiaau-tsah-’l, n., (1) small dishes to go with rice;
159. 小菜兒 shiaau-tsah-’l, n., (2) macerated cucumbers, pickles, etc.;
160. 小菜兒 shiaau-tsah-’l, n., (3) (sl.) one browbeaten by others.
161. 小腿 shiaur-tueei, n., (physiol.) the calf.
162. 小宗 shiaau-tzung, n., (1) branch of younger sons of family, opp. 大宗 eldest branch;
163. 小宗 shiaau-tzung, n., (2) Hinayana school.
164. 小卒兒 shiaau-tzur-’l, n., foot soldier.
165. 小組 shiaur-tzuu, n., a section, division: 小組會議 sectional conference, committee or subcommittee meeting.
166. 小組織 shiaur-tzuu-jy, n., (Communist, underground) cell.
167. 小字 shiaau-tzyh, n., (1) pet name (=小名 shiaau-mirng↑);
168. 小字 shiaau-tzyh, n., (2) see shiaau-kaai↑.
169. 小子 shiaur-tzyy, n., (1) child, -ren;
170. 小子 shiaur-tzyy, n., (2) court. self-reference;
171. 小子 shiaur-tzyy, n., (3) (shiaur-tz) a boy (sometimes derog. or joc.);
172. 小子 shiaur-tzyy, n., a boy servant.
173. 小押（兒） shiaau-ya(’l), n., formerly, loan at usurious interest.
174. 小丫頭 shiaau-ya-’tou, n., a young maid.
175. 小洋 shiaau-yarng, n., formerly, a fraction of a dollar, a dime;
176. 小洋 shiaau-yarng, n., cf. 大洋 a dollar.
177. 小么兒 shiaau-yau-’l, n., (coll.) (contempt.) a servant.
178. 小衣 shiaau-yi, n., underwear: 小衣兒 formerly, pants.
179. 小夜曲 shiaau-yieh-chyuu, n., serenade.
180. 小爺 shiaau-yier¹, n., young master (of house).
181. 小姨（兒）（子） shiaau-yier²(’l)(-tz), n., wife’s younger sister;
182. 小姨（兒）（子） shiaau-yier²(’l)(-tz), n., the youngest of maternal aunt.
183. 小意思 shiaau-yih-’syh, n., a small gift (small token of respect), a mere trifle.
184. 小引 shiaau-yiin, n., foreword, introduction.
185. 小影 shiaur-yiing, n., portrait, photograph.
186. 小音階 shiaau-yin-jie, n., (mus.) minor scale.
187. 小遺 shiaau-yir, v.i., go to toilet.
188. 小月 shiaau-yueh, n., lunar month of 29 days;
189. 小月 shiaau-yueh, n., solar calendar month of 30 days.

米 Num. Index: 22.01 mii .

N. (1) Rice, husked rice (known as 稻 90A.21 in the fields): 米飯 cooked rice;
白米 white rice;
小米 spiked millet;
爆米 puffed rice;
糯米 glutinous rice;
紅穀米 red rice;
西米 sago;
米珠薪桂 rice and fuel are expensive (“like pearls and cassia”) in times of famine;
秈米 common rice;
梗米 japonica rice;
蓬萊米 ditto;
(2) Small dried object: 蝦米 dried shrimp;
花生米 peanut.

Words 1. 米粉 mir-feen, n., noodles made of rice-flour.
2. 米炷蟲 mii-juh-churng, n., rice worm;
3. 米炷蟲 mii-juh-churng, n., (fig.) hoarding rice merchant.
4. 米糠 mii-kang, n., rice chaff, bran.
5. 米粒（兒） mii-lih(mii-lieh-’l), n., grain of rice.
6. 米色 mii-seh, n., pale brown, buff color.
7. 米湯 mii-tang, n., rice soup;
8. 米湯 mii-tang, n., 灌米湯 flatter (a person).
9. 米突 mii-’tu, n., meter: 米突制 mii-’tu-jyh, n., metrical system.

棠 Num. Index: 22.01 tarng .

N. A plant: 海棠 the begonia.

Words 1. 棠棣 tarng-dih, n., see 唐^棣 61.40.
2. 棠□ tarng-lir, n., the birch leaf pear, Pirus betulaefolia.

業 Num. Index: 22.01 yeh .

N. (1) Profession, line of business or industry: 事業 career, a project, an undertaking;
職業 profession, vocation;
本業，正業 main profession;
副業 a side line, an avocation;
工業 industry;
商業 business, trade, commerce;
農業 agriculture;
實業 industry;
停業 close up shop;
轉業 to change one’s occupation;
休業 business closed;
失業 unemployed;
成家立業 have a home and profession.
(2) School studies, education: 學業 ditto;
肄業 to study (at some school);
畢業 graduate;
受業 study under (teacher);
修業 to study;
(3) Achievement: 功業 ditto;
創業 founding of a house, a dynasty or any permanent institution.
(4) Property: 產業 ditto;
賣業 sell property;
業主 yeh-juu↓.
(5) (Sanskr. karma; Budd.) total accumulation of thoughts and actions which determines or influences person’s future: 業障 yeh-jahng↓.

V.t. To practise certain profession: 業醫 practise medicine;
業農 be a farmer, etc.

Adv. Already: 業已，業經 yeh-yii, yeh-jing↓: 業已病故 already died of illness.

Words 1. 業障 yeh-jahng, n., the burden of sin, which is “obstacle” to one’s life (also wr. 孽障);
2. 業障 yeh-jahng, n., (abuse) a prodigal son, any one constantly causing trouble: 我的業障 seed of my sin, s.o. unwanted and cannot be got rid of.
3. 業經 yeh-jing, adv., already (approved, delivered, broken, etc.).
4. 業主 yeh-juu, n., owner of property.
5. 業種 yeh-juung, n. & adj., (abuse) bastard (also wr. 孽種).
6. 業師 yeh-shy, n., person’s teacher or professional master.
7. 業務 yeh-wuh, n., business affairs.
8. 業業 yeh-yeh, phr., 兢兢業業 (AC, LL) with great fear and caution.
9. 業已 yeh-yii, adv., already, see yeh-jing↑.
10. 業餘 yeh-yur, adj., outside business or office hours (as clubs for various hobbies), amateur, nonprofessional.

祟 Num. Index: 22.01 sueih . [See 21.01]

水 Num. Index: 22.02 shueei .

N. (1) Water: 鹹水，淡水 salt, fresh water;
自來水 running water, water from the tap;
井水 well water;
汽水 soda water, sparkling, carbonated water;
蒸溜水 distilled water;
死水 stagnant water;
活水 flowing water;
順水 with the current;
逆水 against the current;
開水，滾水 boiled water;
茶水 tea and drinks;
山水 landscape, landscape painting;
水中撈月 fish for moon in the water—futile phantasy;
混水摸魚 to fish in troubled waters;
水深火熱 (people) in deep distress, an abyss of suffering;
水乳交融 get along swimmingly with each other, mix well like milk and water;
水到渠成 canal is formed when water comes—s.t. achieved without effort;
水落石出 doubts will clear up when facts are known;
水洩（泄）不通 (of road) so jammed as to be impassable;
crowd, audience, tightly packed;
水清無魚 fish do not come when water is tooo clear—said of ultra-pure official, giving no chance for malpractice;
水漲船高 ship rises with the tide—a person’s social rise benefits those related to him.
(2) Travel by water, opp. 旱 or 陸 land: 水路，旱路（陸路） travel by water, by land;
水陸交通 land and sea communications;
水師 shueei-shy¹↓;
水客 shueei-keh↓;
水戰 sea or river battle.
(3) Cosmetic lotion, fruit juice: 花露水 eau de cologne;
生髮水 hair lotion.
(4) Silver content in coins: 貼水，扣水 discount for inferior coins.
(5) Quality: 頭水貨 goods “of the first water” (as said of diamond, artist in Eng.);
top quality.
(6) A surname.

V.t. To coax (person): 連水帶拍，把他問的三心二意 by coax and threats made him confused, undecided.

Adj. Transparent, clear or wet like water: 水亮 shueei-liahng↓;
水淋淋，水淥淥 dripping wet;
水汪汪 watery (eyes).

Words 1. 水半球 shueei-bahn-chiour, n., water hemisphere.
2. 水泵 shueei-beng, n., water pump.
3. 水表 shueir-biaau, n., water meter, water gauge.
4. 水鬢 shueei-bihn, n., curl of hair below the temple.
5. 水筆 shueir-bii, n., writing brush of fairly stiff quality, kept moist in brass stop when not used.
6. 水玻璃 shueei-bo-’li, n., (chem.) water glass, sodium or potassium silicate.
7. 水產 shueir-chaan, n., marine products (fish, shellfish, etc.).
8. 水汊 shueei-chah, n., tributaries, a branch of current.
9. 水蒼玉 shueei-chang-yuh, n., aquamarine or beryl.
10. 水車 shueei-che, n., (1) wheel (for propelling water for the fields from river);
11. 水車 shueei-che, n., (2) water cart;
12. 水車 shueei-che, n., 水車前 (bot.) the dragon’s tongue, Ottelia alismoides (also called 龍舌草).
13. 水丞 shueei-cherng¹, n., see shueei-juh↓.
14. 水程 shueei-cherng², n., watercourse, waterways;
15. 水程 shueei-cherng², n., voyage.
16. 水成岩 shueei-cherng-yarn, n., (geol.) aqueous or sedimentary rocks;
17. 水成岩 shueei-cherng-yarn, n., 水成礦物 n., hydrogen sulphite.
18. 水球 shueei-chiour, n., water polo.
19. 水芹 shueei-chirn¹, n., celery.
20. 水禽 shueei-chirn², n., waterfowl.
21. 水池 shueei-chyr, n., a pond, pool.
22. 水圈 shueei-chyuan, n., (geol.) hydrosphere.
23. 水泉 shueei-chyuarn, n., (water) spring.
24. 水丹 shueei-dan, n., putty (also called 油灰).
25. 水道 shueei-dauh, n., waterways;
26. 水道 shueei-dauh, n., drainage system.
27. 水滴 shueei-di, n., (1) drops of water;
28. 水滴 shueei-di, n., (2) tiny case or pot for dripping water in ink slab.
29. 水殿 shueei-diahn, n., a hall overlooking lake;
30. 水殿 shueei-diahn, n., emperor’s houseboat.
31. 水底電線 shueir-dii-diahn-shiahn, n., submarine cable.
32. 水痘（兒） shueei-douh(’l), n., chicken pox, varicella.
33. 水碓 shueei-dueih, n., mill, powered by water, for hulling rice.
34. 水燉兒 shueei-duo-’l, n., food warmer, a large bowl containing hot water for keeping food warm (also wr. 水囤兒).
35. 水厄 shueei-eh, n., (LL) death by drowning.
36. 水法（兒） shueei-’fa(’l), n., an ornamental fountain, fountain display.
37. 水粉 shueir-feen, n., (1) bean noodle;
38. 水粉 shueir-feen, n., (2) lady’s powder paste.
39. 水分 shueei-fehn, n., percentage of water (in cooking);
40. 水分 shueei-fehn, n., moisture, humidity.
41. 水飛 shueei-fei, n., a method of collecting solids (such as cinnabar) by sedimentation.
42. 水肺 shueei-feih, n., (zoo.) water lung.
43. 水夫 shueei-fu, n., water carrier.
44. 水甘草 shueei-gan-tsaau, n., (bot.) Amsonia elliptica.
45. 水閣 shueei-ger, n., an open hall by the side of water.
46. 水溝 shueei-gou, n., drains, ditch.
47. 水管 shueir-guaan, n., water pipe, pipe line;
48. 水管 shueir-guaan, n., 水管系 shueei-guaan-shih, n., (zoo.) water-vascular system.
49. 水關 shueei-guan, n., water gate.
50. 水光 shueei-guang, n., the shining surface of rivers, lakes, sea.
51. 水鬼 shueir-gueei, n., (1) underwater monster or sprite;
52. 水鬼 shueir-gueei, n., (2) (facet.) a frogman.
53. 水工 shueei-gung, n., a sailor;
54. 水工 shueei-gung, n., one who works on dams, etc.
55. 水郭 shueei-guo, n., outer city bordering on the water.
56. 水果 shueir-guoo, n., fruit in gen.
57. 水國 shueei-guor, n., flooded area.
58. 水臌 shueir-guu, n., see shueei-jahng¹↓.
59. 水花 shueei-hua, n., spray: 水花兒 n., (a) water spray;
60. 水花 shueei-hua, n., (b) chicken pox;
61. 水花 shueei-hua, n., (c) furs made of sheepskin.
62. 水患 shueei-huahn, n., floods.
63. 水滑石 shueei-huar-shyr, n., (min.) brucite.
64. 水會 shueei-hueih, n., formerly, volunteer fire brigade.
65. 水戽 shueei-huh, n., dipper.
66. 水火 shueir-huoo, n., water and fire, (AC) the necessities of life;
67. 水火 shueir-huoo, n., fire and flood disasters: 水火不相容 (of temperament) incompatible, inborn hostility.
68. 水紅 shueei-hurng, n., pale pink.
69. 水柵 shueei-jah, n., a weir.
70. 水戰 shueei-jahn, n., naval battle.
71. 水脹 shueei-jahng¹, n., dropsy in the belly.
72. 水漲 shueei-jahng², n., flood tide;
73. 水漲 shueei-jahng², v.i., water rises.
74. 水閘 shueei-jar, n., floodgate.
75. 水蒸氣 shueei-jeng-chih, n., steam.
76. 水腳 shueir-jiaau¹, n., fees for loading, unloading.
77. 水餃（兒） shueir-jiaau²(’l), n., Chin. ravioli.
78. 水攪 shueir-jiaau³, n., storms in the skies, rumblings in the sky before rainstorm.
79. 水膠 shueei-jiau, n., hide glue (also called 黃明膠).
80. 水界 shueei-jieh, n., (geol.) hydrosphere.
81. 水鏡 shueei-jihng, n., (LL) (1) the moon;
82. 水鏡 shueei-jihng, n., (2) (AC) person of intellectual brilliance.
83. 水警察 shueir-jiing-char, n., water police, marine police.
84. 水晶（精） shueei-jing, n., crystal;
85. 水晶（精） shueei-jing, n., 水晶包 a bun containing sweetened pork fat;
86. 水晶（精） shueei-jing, n., 水晶體 the crystalline lens of the eye;
87. 水晶（精） shueei-jing, n., 水晶宮 crystal palace;
88. 水晶（精） shueei-jing, n., 水晶鹽 natural salt crystals;
89. 水晶（精） shueei-jing, n., 水晶球 crystal ball.
90. 水韭 shueir-jioou¹, n., (bot.) a kind of leek, Isoetes japonica.
91. 水酒 shueir-jioou², n., (self-deprecatory) wine offered to guest—“my insipid wine.”
92. 水注 shueei-juh, n., a tiny pot holding water for ink slab.
93. 水竹葉 shueei-jur-yieh, n., (bot.) Aneilema keisak, a water plant.
94. 水準 shueir-juun, n., (1) a water level;
95. 水準 shueir-juun, n., (2) level (of education, art, magazines, morals, etc.);
96. 水準 shueir-juun, n., 水準器 a water gauge, water level;
97. 水準 shueir-juun, n., 水準圖 map showing sea level of places.
98. 水蛭 shueei-jyh, n., the leech.
99. 水質 shueei-jyr, n., fluid matter.
100. 水居 shueei-jyu, v.i., (men and fish) make one’s home on rivers, lakes, waterways.
101. 水蕨 shueei-jyuer, n., (bot.) an edible water plant, Ceratopteris thalictroides.
102. 水客 shueei-keh, n., (1) a boatman;
103. 水客 shueei-keh, n., (2) a buyer who travels to obtain shop supplies.
104. 水坑（兒）（子） shueei-keng(’l)(’tz), n., a pond.
105. 水葵 shueei-kueir, n., (bot.) the water mallow, Brasenia purpurea (=蓴).
106. 水老鴨 shueir-laau-ya, n., pop. name for cormorant.
107. 水蠟蟲 shueei-lah-churng, n., a wax-producing insect in Szechuan.
108. 水蠟樹 shueei-lah-shuh, n., (bot.) Ligustrum-ibota.
109. 水老鼠 shueei-laur-shuu, n., water rat;
110. 水老鼠 shueei-laur-shuu, n., beachcomber, waterfront thief, tramp.
111. 水雷 shueei-leir, n., torpedo;
112. 水雷 shueei-leir, n., submarine mines;
113. 水雷 shueei-leir, n., 水雷艇 torpedo boat (also 魚雷艇).
114. 水蓼 shueir-liaau, n., (bot.) water pepper, Polygonum hydropiper.
115. 水亮 shueei-liahng, adj., (1) bright and clear (looks);
116. 水亮 shueei-liahng, adj., (2) juicy (fruit).
117. 水簾 shueei-liarn, n., a screen of water (as in waterfall).
118. 水療 shueei-liaur, n., hydrotherapy.
119. 水力 shueei-lih¹, n., water power: 水力學 hydraulics;
120. 水力 shueei-lih¹, n., 水力電 hydroelectric power;
121. 水力 shueei-lih¹, n., 水力電機 hydroelectric power plant;
122. 水力 shueei-lih¹, n., 水力摩托 hydraulic motor;
123. 水力 shueei-lih¹, n., 水力昇降機 hydraulic elevator;
124. 水力 shueei-lih¹, n., 水力起重機 hydraulic crane.
125. 水利 shueei-lih², n., water conservancy, irrigation: 水利局 conservancy bureau;
126. 水利 shueei-lih², n., 水利工程 marine hydraulic engineering.
127. 水禮 shueir-lii, n., gifts of fruit and sweetmeats.
128. 水霤 shueei-liouh, n., a bamboo, clay or iron pipe, cut open, for guiding rain water down from the eaves.
129. 水流 shueei-liour, n., water current.
130. 水漏 shueei-louh, n., an (anc.) water clock, clepsydra.
131. 水路 shueei-luh¹, n., (1) course of water;
132. 水路 shueei-luh¹, n., (2) voyage.
133. 水陸 shueei-luh², n., travel by land and water.
134. 水輪 shueei-lurn, n., water propeller.
135. 水龍 shueei-lurng, n., (1) (coll.) fire engine and its hose;
136. 水龍 shueei-lurng, n., (2) (bot.) Jussieua repens;
137. 水龍 shueei-lurng, n., 水龍頭 shueei-lurng-’tou, n., water tap, hydrant.
138. 水綠 shueei-lyuh, n., pale green.
139. 水馬 shueir-maa, n., (1) water beetle;
140. 水馬 shueir-maa, n., (2) (fig.) racing boat on Dragon Boat Festival.
141. 水錳礦 shueir-meeng-kuahng, n., (min.) manganite.
142. 水煤氣 shueei-meir-chih, n., water gas.
143. 水門 shueei-mern, n., floodgate;
144. 水門 shueei-mern, n., 水門汀 cement (translit.), otherwise called 水泥 shueei-nir↓.
145. 水面（兒） shueei-miahn(shueei-miah-’l), n., water surface.
146. 水綿 shueei-miarn, n., (bot.) Spirogyro longata (also called 石衣，石苔).
147. 水蜜桃 shueei-mih-taur, n., a juicy variety of peach.
148. 水米 shueir-mii, n., the minimum food of rice and water.
149. 水黽 shueir-miin, n., (zoo.) Hydrotrechus remigator, an insect which lives and moves on water surface.
150. 水脈 shueei-moh, n., natural waterways.
151. 水墨畫 shueei-moh-huah, n., inkwash painting.
152. 水磨 shueei-mor, n., (1) (shueei-moh) water mill;
153. 水磨 shueei-mor, n., (2) fine work on jade, etc. by grinding with water as lubricant;
154. 水磨 shueei-mor, n., 水磨調 reference to 崑曲 a variety of opera.
155. 水木作 shueei-muh-tzuoh, n., bricklayer and carpenter.
156. 水母 shueir-muu, n., (zoo.) jellyfish.
157. 水鳥 shueir-niaau, n., waterfowl.
158. 水牛 shueei-niour, n., (water) buffalo;
159. 水牛 shueei-niour, n., 水牛兒 pop. term for snail.
160. 水泥 shueei-nir, n., cement;
161. 水泥 shueei-nir, n., 鋼筋水泥 reinforced concrete.
162. 水牌 shueei-pair (shueei-’pai), n., a lacquered board in shops, used like slate for erasable writing.
163. 水泡 shueei-pauh, n., bubble;
164. 水泡 shueei-pauh, n., blister.
165. 水瓢 shueei-piaur, n., calabash or gourd used as dipper.
166. 水皮兒 shueei-pier-’l, n., (coll.) water surface.
167. 水平 shueei-pirng, n., sea level, elevation from the sea;
168. 水平 shueei-pirng, n., 水平尺 a water level;
169. 水平 shueei-pirng, n., 水平舵 airplane vane regulating climbing and descent;
170. 水平 shueei-pirng, n., 水平角 (math.) horizontal angle;
171. 水平 shueei-pirng, n., 水平面 (math.) horizontal plane;
172. 水平 shueei-pirng, n., 水平線 horizon;
173. 水平 shueei-pirng, n., water level, also level (of attainment, etc.).
174. 水波 shueei-po, n., ripples of water.
175. 水上飛機 shueei-shahng-fei-ji, n., hydroplane.
176. 水上運動 shueei-shahng-yuhn-duhng, n., aquatic sports.
177. 水筲 shueei-shau, n., water pail.
178. 水蛇 shueei-sher, n., water snake;
179. 水蛇 shueei-sher, n., 水蛇腰 waist slightly bent.
180. 水螅 shueei-shi, n., (zoo.) hydra.
181. 水險 shueir-shiaan¹, n., short for 水上保險 marine insurance.
182. 水蘚 shueir-shiaan², n., (bot.) Sphagnum japonicum.
183. 水仙 shueei-shian, n., the narcissus.
184. 水鄉 shueei-shiang, n., swampy regions, lake areas;
185. 水鄉 shueei-shiang, n., (LL) watery kingdom.
186. 水榭 shueei-shieh¹, n., see shueei-ger↑.
187. 水瀉 shueei-shieh², n., diarrhoea.
188. 水性 shueei-shihng, n., (1) the way water acts or moves: 不習水性 said of inexperienced swimmer;
189. 水性 shueei-shihng, n., (2) 水性楊花 said of woman of easy virtue (attaches to any one).
190. 水心 shueei-shin, phr., center of stream.
191. 水星 shueei-shing, n., the planet Mercury.
192. 水𣁾 shueei-shiouh, n., watermarks, rust.
193. 水手 shueir-shoou, n., sailor.
194. 水師 shueei-shy¹, n., formerly, the navy.
195. 水蝨 shueei-shy², n., (zoo.) Gammarus, a water louse.
196. 水勢 shueei-shyh, n., force of river current.
197. 水蝕 shueei-shyr, n., water erosion.
198. 水蘇 shueei-su, n., (bot.) rough nettle betony, Stachys aspera.
199. 水松 shueei-sung, n., sea grass, Codium mucronatum.
200. 水梭花 shueei-suo-hua, n., vegetarian’s euphemism for fish.
201. 水塔 shueir-taa, n., water tower.
202. 水獺 shueei-tah, n., (zoo.) the common otter, Lutra vulgars.
203. 水苔 shueei-tair, n., duckweed.
204. 水塘 shueei-tarng, n., a pond.
205. 水田 shueei-tiarn, n., paddy field;
206. 水田 shueei-tiarn, n., 水田衣 Budd. monk’s cassock (in pattern of squares like rice fields).
207. 水汀 shueei-ting, n., steam heating (translit.).
208. 水亭 shueei-tirng, n., a pavilion on the water.
209. 水頭 shueei-tour, n., (1) the crest of the wave;
210. 水頭 shueei-tour, n., (2) juice of fruit;
211. 水頭 shueei-tour, n., (3) luster of jade.
212. 水彩（畫） shueir-tsaai(huah), n., water color.
213. 水草 shueir-tsaau, n., (speaking of nomads) lands where there are water and grass: 逐水草而居 (of nomads) migrate to wherever water and grass are available.
214. 水土 shueir-tuu, n., climate: 不服水土 climate does not agree with person.
215. 水桶 shueir-tuung, n., water pail.
216. 水藻 shueir-tzaau¹, n., algae;
217. 水藻 shueir-tzaau¹, n., water plants in gen.
218. 水蚤 shueir-tzaau², n., Daphnia, a tiny insect in water, used as feed for goldfish, etc.
219. 水葬 shueei-tzahng, n., burial at sea.
220. 水災 shueei-tzai, n., flood disaster.
221. 水賊 shueei-tzeir, n., a pirate (commonly 海盜).
222. 水鑽（兒） shueei-tzuahn(shueei-tzuah-’l), n., name for diamond.
223. 水作坊 shueei-tzuoh-’fang, n., beancurd factory.
224. 水族 shueei-tzur, n., “denizens of the sea,” fishes, turtles and the like;
225. 水族 shueei-tzur, n., 水族館 aquarium.
226. 水漬 shueei-tzyh, adj., as in 水漬貨 water-damaged goods.
227. 水位 shueei-weih, n., water level in rivers, lakes.
228. 水文 shueei-wern, n., (LL) water ripples (=水紋);
229. 水文 shueei-wern, n., 水文地理 hydrology.
230. 水鴨 shueei-ya, n., wild duck.
231. 水舀子 shueir-yaau-tz, n., dipper.
232. 水漾液 shueei-yahng-yeh, n., (physiol.) aqueous humor.
233. 水壓機 shueei-ya-ji, n., hydraulic press: 水壓昇降機 hydraulic elevator.
234. 水煙 shueei-yan, n., water pipe for smoking;
235. 水煙 shueei-yan, n., such tobacco: 水煙袋 pouch for water pipe tobacco.
236. 水癌 shueei-yarn, n., (med.) noma.
237. 水楊 shueei-yarng, n., the willow;
238. 水楊 shueei-yarng, n., 水楊梅 shueei-yarng-meir, n., (bot.) Geum japonicum;
239. 水楊 shueei-yarng, n., 水楊酸 shueei-yarng-suan, n., (chem.) salicylic acid;
240. 水楊 shueei-yarng, n., 水楊酸鈉 sodium salicylate.
241. 水曜日 shueei-yauh-ryh, n., (LL) Wednesday.
242. 水衣 shueei-yi, n., moss.
243. 水印（兒） shueei-yihn(shueei-yeh-’l), n., watermark;
244. 水印（兒） shueei-yihn(shueei-yeh-’l), n., formerly, a shop seal.
245. 水引擎 shueir-yiin-chirng, n., water engine.
246. 水音（兒） shueei-yin(shueei-ye-’l), n., a clear, round voice.
247. 水銀 shueei-yirn, n., mercury;
248. 水銀 shueei-yirn, n., 水銀燈 shueei-yirn-deng, n., mercury-vapor lamp.
249. 水源 shueei-yuarn, n., the source. of a river.
250. 水月 shueei-yueh, n., moon in the water, symbolic of purity: 鏡花水月 beautiful but evanescent dreams;
251. 水月 shueei-yueh, n., 水月電燈 acetylene lamp;
252. 水月 shueei-yueh, n., 水月電石 n., carbide of calcium.
253. 水運 shueei-yuhn, n., water transport.

□ Num. Index: 22.02 bing . [Pop. for 冰 63A.02]

淼 Num. Index: 22.02 miaau .

Adj. Descriptive of wide expanse of water.

Words 1. 淼漫 miaau-mahn, adj., overflowing, flooding.
2. 淼茫 miaau-marng, adj., ditto.
3. 淼淼 miaur-miaau, adj., ditto.

農 Num. Index: 22.02 nurng . [Arch. □]

N. Farming;
farmer: 農業，農夫，農人 nurng-yeh, nurng-fu, nurng-rern↓;
農閑 slack farming season.

Words 1. 農產 nurng-chaan, n., farm production, -ducts;
2. 農產 nurng-chaan, n., 農產量 volume of farm production.
3. 農㪫 nurng-chaang, n., a farm.
4. 農夫 nurng-fu, n., a farmer.
5. 農婦 nurng-fuh, n., a farm woman.
6. 農會 nurng-hueih, n., a farmers’ association.
7. 農戶 nurng-huh, n., a farm family.
8. 農家 nurng-jia, n., (1) a family engaged in farming: 農家子 farmer’s son;
9. 農家 nurng-jia, n., (2) (AC) one of the nine schools of thought in ancient China, students of agriculture.
10. 農具 nurng-jyuh, n., farm implements.
11. 農科 nurng-ke, n., department of agriculture in a college;
12. 農科 nurng-ke, n., agriculture as an academic study.
13. 農曆 nurng-lih, n., the lunar calendar (lit., “the farmer’s calendar,” used by Chin. farmers as a guide for sowing and harvesting).
14. 農林 nurng-lirn, n., agriculture and forestry.
15. 農忙 nurng-marng, n., peak season on a farm.
16. 農民 nurng-mirn, n., a farmer, the farming population.
17. 農奴 nurng-nur, n., a serf, a slave working on a farm for the landlord.
18. 農人 nurng-rern, n., a farmer, the farming population as a whole.
19. 農桑 nurng-sang, n., farming and sericulture.
20. 農事 nurng-shyh, n., farm work.
21. 農時 nurng-shyr, n., farming season.
22. 農學 nurng-shyuer, n., science of agriculture.
23. 農田 nurng-tiarn, n., farm land, farm fields.
24. 農村 nurng-tsun, n., a village, a rural district.
25. 農作 nurng-tzuoh, n., farming, cultivation of crops: 農作物 farm produce.
26. 農業 nurng-yeh, n., agriculture.
27. 農月 nurng-yueh, n., summer months, busy months for the farmers.

裳 Num. Index: 22.02 charng (also shang ).

N. Skirt: 衣裳 (-’shang) dress in gen.

裴 Num. Index: 22.02 peir .

N. A surname.

半 Num. Index: 22.10 bahn .

N. Half: 一天半，一天又半 one and half days;
夜半=半夜 midnight;
薪俸之一半 half one’s salary;
大半，少半（小半） greater, lesser half;
對半 fifty-fifty;
多半 adv., most probably, greater half;
減半 reduce by half.

Adj. (1) Half number, amount or measure: 半小時 half an hour;
半個時辰 half of two-hour period;
半日，半月，半元，半打 half day, half month, half dollar, half dozen;
半生，半世 half a lifetime, very long time;
半費，半價（半折） 50% discount in fees, price;
半途，半道 midway, 半不道=半道;
半途而廢 leave off (a task) halfway;
半路出家 without solid foundation or training;
半面之交（雅） a once-met acquaintance.
(2) Not even a little: 半步不能行 cannot move (half) a step;
半籌莫展 could not do a thing.
(3) 半…半 half and half: 半懂半不懂 not fully understand;
半推半就 (of woman) half yield and half deny;
半吞半吐 speak with reservation, will not come out with it;
半明半暗 half open, half underhand;
半信半疑 half believe, not quite believe;
半工半讀 work while studying at school;
半青半黃 not quite mature, knowing a subject or lesson half well.
(4) 半…不 (combined with opposite): 半新不舊 half-new (dress);
半生不熟 having casual acquaintance;
not well learned (lesson)
半死不活 deadalive.

Words 1. 半百 bahn-baai, n., half hundred.
2. 半半路路 bahn-bahn-luh-luh, adv., halfway, midway (also 半半落落).
3. 半包兒 bahn-bau-’l, n., mean trick: 別跟我掏這個半包兒 lay off your dirty trick.
4. 半邊人 bahn-bian-rern, n., (coll.) widow or widower.
5. 半彪子 bahn-biau-tz, n., heady, young fellow.
6. 半壁 bahn-bih, n., (of a country) half, a slice of territory.
7. 半大小子 bahn-’da-shiaau-tz, n., boy in puberty.
8. 半島 bahn-daau, n., peninsula.
9. 半弔子 bahn-diauh-tz, n., immature person.
10. 半瘋兒 bahn-feng-’l(bahn-fe-’l), n., a highly unconventional person, a crank.
11. 半規 bahn-guei, n., semicircle.
12. 半憨子 bahn-han-tz, n., half-crazy person.
13. 半截劍 bahn-jier-jiahn, n., small but smart person;
14. 半截兒 bahn-jier-’l, n., half of a body, a half part;
15. 半截塔 bahn-jier-taa, n., a tall, husky person (half a pagoda).
16. 半徑 bahn-jihng, n., radius.
17. 半斤八兩 bahn-jin-ba-liaang, phr., not much to choose between the two.
18. 半中間 bahn-jung-jian, n., midway, also 半中腰 bahn-jung-yau.
19. 半殖民地 bahn-jyr-mirn-dih, n., semi-colony.
20. 半開門兒 bahn-kai-mer-’l, n., secret prostitute (half-open door), also 半掩門兒.
21. 半開眼兒 bahn-kai-yaa-’l, n. & adj., pseudo-professional.
22. 半空中 bahn-kung-jung, adv., in, out of the sky.
23. 半拉 bahn-’la, n., half a piece.
24. 半瓶醋 bahn-pirng-tsuh, n., a man with superficial knowledge of a subject.
25. 半晌 bahn-shaang, n., a long time: 等了你半晌 have been waiting you for a long time.
26. 半身不遂 bahn-shen-buh-shueh, adj., half-paralyzed.
27. 半生 bahn-sheng, (1) n., half a lifetime;
28. 半生 bahn-sheng, (2) adj., immature, halfcooked.
29. 半夏 bahn-shiah, n., (bot.) Pinellia tuberifera, a medicinal herb.
30. 半夏稻 bahn-shiah-dauh, n., rice crop harvested in Sept.-Oct.
31. 半仙 bahn-shian, n., Taoist magician, “half an immortal,” fortuneteller;
32. 半仙 bahn-shian, n., 半仙戲 bahn-shian-shih, n., the swing (a sport).
33. 半歇 bahn-shie, n., see bahn-shang↑.
34. 半天 bahn-tian, n., half a day, a very long time.
35. 半子 bahn-tzyy, n., son-in-law.
36. 半夜 bahn-yeih, n., midnight.
37. 半音階 bahn-yin-jie, n., chromatic scale.
38. 半圓規 bahn-yuarn-guei, n., protractor.
39. 半語子 bahn-yuu-tz, n., one who stutters.

聿 Num. Index: 22.10 yuh .

Part. (AC) then, and then, used in introducing phr. or sentence, (possibly related 亦 already, also): 歲聿云暮 the year is drawing to the close.

韋 Num. Index: 22.10 weir .

N. (1) Leather.
(2) A radical (having to do with leather).
(3) A surname.

Words 1. 韋編 weir-bian, n., (AC) leather strap for binding bamboo strips (竹□，策冊) the anc. form of books.

輩 Num. Index: 22.10 beih .

N. (1) Generation in family: 長輩，幼輩 elder, younger generation;
後輩，晚輩 the younger generation;
see 輩分 beih-’fen, 輩行 beih-harng↓.
(2) (beih-tz) A lifetime, a very long time: 他這輩子算是完了 he is finished for good;
下輩子 next incarnation, generation;
一輩子吃不完 has enough to live on for life;
那輩子 for a long time, for life.
(3) Inner group, familiar circle;
我輩 (LL) we, people of our group;
彼輩 (LL) they, that group;
我輩中人 is one of us;
輩流 or 流輩 (contempt.) group, gang, coterie.

Adv. For generations: 人才輩出, (of a district) give birth to talented men generation after generation.

Words 1. 輩輩兒 beih-beh-’l, adv., generation after generation.
2. 輩分 beih-’fen, n., status of a generation in the family.
3. 輩行 beih-harng, n., seniority of the generation (first, second, etc.).
4. 輩數 beih-shuh, n., ditto.

坐 Num. Index: 22.11 tzuoh .

N. Interch. 座 a seat.

V.i. & t. (1) Sit: 坐下 sit down;
坐定 sit quietly;
坐好，坐正 sit properly;
坐立不安 feel uneasy, restless, whether sitting or standing;
坐冷板凳 “be put in cold storage,” be given the cold shoulder;
坐紅椅子 be the last of a number of successful candidates (allu. to the practice of making a check (□) with red ink at the end of a list of such candidates);
坐家兒女 an unmarried girl;
坐井觀天 take a narrow view of things, (“see the sky from the bottom of a well”);
如坐針氈 feel extremely uneasy (“like sitting on a pincushion”);
坐以待斃 resign oneself to death;
坐以待旦 quietly wait for the day to dawn;
坐失良機 let a golden opportunity slip by;
坐觀成敗 wait to see how s.t. succeeds (which side wins);
坐吃山空 remain at home and “eat away” a whole fortune;
上坐 sit in the seat of honor;
正坐，端坐 sit upright;
正襟危坐 sit solemnly (“gingerly”) as show of respect;
並坐 sit side by side;
靜坐 sit in silence, often as a form of physical or spiritual regimen;
獨坐 sit alone;
告坐 ask leave to sit;
列坐 sit in a row;
打坐 sit in meditation;
請坐 please sit down;
趺坐 sit with crossed legs on the ground;
陪坐 keep s.o. company.
(2) Go by, ride in (car, boat, airplane).
(3) Go to, arrive at: 坐堂 tzuoh-tarng, 坐殿 tzuoh-diahn↓.
(4) (Of things) fall back from pressure: 這堵牆往後坐了 the wall is beginning to give backwards;
後坐力 (of a gun) recoil.
(5) Be accused for crime: 反坐 be punished for unfounded accusation against another;
連坐 be implicated in crime;
坐法 tzuoh-faa↓.

Prep. Owing to, because of: 坐此解職 for this reason he was relieved of his duties.

Words 1. 坐板瘡 tzuoh-baan-chuang, n., (med.) sores on the buttocks.
2. 坐禪 tzuoh-charn, v.i., (Budd.) sit still in Zen meditation.
3. 坐宝 tzuoh-chuarng, (1) v.i., (of the bridegroom and bride (be formally seated on the edge of the bed in the bridal room after the wedding ceremony;
4. 坐宝 tzuoh-chuarng, (2) n., inaugural ceremony of the Dalai or Panchan Lama in Tibet.
5. 坐馳 tzuoh-chyr, phr., (LL) thinking far away, though sitting quietly at home.
6. 坐大 tzuoh-dah, v.i., allow s.o. to wax strong (without doing s.t. to prevent it).
7. 坐等兒 tzuoh-deeng-’l, v.t., sit and wait (for s.t. to happen).
8. 坐殿 tzuoh-diahn, v.i., see tzuoh-tarng↓.
9. 坐地 tzuoh-dih, (1) v.i., sit on the ground;
10. 坐地 tzuoh-dih, (2) adv., on the spot: 坐地分□ divide the booty on the spot;
11. 坐地 tzuoh-dih, adv., 坐地兒 tzuoh-dih-’l, 坐地窩兒 tzuoh-dih-woe-’l phr.: (a) to begin with: 他坐地窩兒就不會 he doesn’t know how in the first place;
12. 坐地 tzuoh-dih, adv., (b) right there and then: 坐地窩兒就辦妥了 had it done right away.
13. 坐蹲兒 tzuoh-due-’l(sp. phr.),, v.i., squat on the heels.
14. 坐墩 tzuoh-dun, n., an earthen or procelain stool.
15. 坐法 tzuoh-faa, v.i., be punished for crime.
16. 坐館 tzuoh-guaan, v.i., (1) formerly, be a tutor in a private school;
17. 坐館 tzuoh-guaan, v.i., (2) formerly, serve as a secretary to an official.
18. 坐關 tzuoh-guan, phr., (Budd.) shut oneself up to chant the sutras and be lost in contemplation for a fixed period of time.
19. 坐功 tzuoh-gung, n., (Taoism) the practice of sitting in silence to meditate.
20. 坐賈 tzuoh-guu, n., a shopkeeper.
21. 坐化 tzuoh-huah, v.i., (Budd.) die remaining seated cross-legged.
22. 坐帳 tzuoh-jahng, v.i., see tzuoh-chuarng↑.
23. 坐鎮 tzuoh-jehn, v.t., (of a military commander) to garrison (a city area, district).
24. 坐騎 tzuoh-jih, n., (MC) one’s personal mount.
25. 坐莊 tzuoh-juang, (1) n, formerly, a resident agent for business firms;
26. 坐莊 tzuoh-juang, (2) v.i., be the banker in games of chance.
27. 坐鐘 tzuoh-jung, n., a desk clock.
28. 坐致 tzuoh-jyh, v.t., earn (profit) without working for it.
29. 坐具 tzuoh-jyuh, n., chairs and benches.
30. 坐科 tzuoh-ke, v.i., be apprenticed in an operatic class in one’s tender years.
31. 坐客 tzuoh-keh, n., a passenger on boat, etc. (cf. 行^客 91B.00).
32. 坐扣 tzuoh-kouh, v.t., to take deduction (from bill for expenses, etc.).
33. 坐困 tzuoh-kuhn, v.i., to find oneself in a helpless situation.
34. 坐兒 tzuoh-’l, n., (1) a seat (in a theater, teahouse);
35. 坐兒 tzuoh-’l, n., (2) (coll.) patrons of saloons, bars, teahouses.
36. 坐落 tzuoh-luoh, n., the location of a piece of land (a house).
37. 坐坡 tzuoh-po, v.i., sit with body leaning backwards: 打坐坡 to sit thus.
38. 坐蓐 tzuoh-ruh¹, v.i., (of a woman) be in labor.
39. 坐褥 tzuoh-ruh², n., cushion (for sitting on).
40. 坐商 tzuoh-shang, n., shopkeeper (opp. 行商 a peddler, traveling trader).
41. 坐性 tzuoh-’shing, n., ability to sit alone quietly for a long time.
42. 坐席 tzuoh-shir, v.i., (of guests) take seats at a dinner party.
43. 坐守 tzuoh-shoou, v.i., remain patiently to wait or look after s.t.
44. 坐食 tzuoh-shyr¹, v.i., eat without working for one’s living.
45. 坐實 tzuoh-shyr², adj., (1) solid, firm, strong: 桌子做的很坐實 the table is solidly made;
46. 坐實 tzuoh-shyr², adj., (2) substantiated.
47. 坐索 tzuoh-suoo, v.i., remain at s.o.’s to demand payment of debt.
48. 坐討 tzuoh-taau, v.i., ditto.
49. 坐堂 tzuoh-tarng, v.i., (formerly, of magistrates) sit in court.
50. 坐草 tzuoh-tsaau, v.i., see tzuoh-ruh¹↑.
51. 坐曹 tzuoh-tsaur, v.i., (formerly, of bureaucrats) attend office.
52. 坐次 tzuoh-tsyh, n., seating arrangements (for guests).
53. 坐罪 tzuoh-tzueih, v.i., be sentenced by court for crime.
54. 坐忘 tzuoh-wahng, adj., oblivious of one’s surroundings, free from worldly concerns.
55. 坐位 tzuoh-weih, n., a seat.
56. 坐窩兒 tzuoh-wo-’l, adv., see tzuoh-’dih-wo-’l↑.
57. 坐衙 tzuoh-yar, v.i., see tzuoh-tarng↑.
58. 坐藥 tzuoh-yauh, n., (med.) a suppository.
59. 坐夜 tzuoh-yeh, v.i., keep vigil in the night, sit up all night.

堂 Num. Index: 22.11 tarng .

N. adjunct. A session: 這一堂課 this class (session);
上一堂課 the last class, go to a class (上 used as a v.t.);
a set: 一堂瓷器，木俱 a table set of porcelain, a set of furniture.

N. (1) Hall, main hall: 廳堂 hall;
教堂 church building;
講堂 lecture hall;
課堂 classroom;
佛堂 Buddhist temple;
祠堂 ancestral, temple;
禮堂 assembly hall;
澡堂浴堂 bathhouse;
登堂入室 degrees of understanding of master’s teachings (堂 guest room; 室 bedroom as more intimate in degree);
堂屋，堂廡 tarng-wu, tarng-wuu↓.
(2) Hall as symbol of main houses in family system: 父母在堂 parents living;
拜堂 bride and groom perform wedding ceremony in the hall;
五代同堂 five generations living together;
糟糠之妻不下堂 a wife who shared poverty may not be divorced in times of comfort;
令堂 (court.) your mother;
堂兄弟, see Adj↓.
(3) Courtroom: 過堂 have a hearing of the case;
公堂 the court;
對簿公堂 confrontation of evidence at court;
升堂，退堂 open, close court session;
鼓堂 drum beaten for opening, closing court session;
打退堂鼓 (fig.) beat a hasty retreat, withdraw from dispute, signal that situation has drastically changed;
堂諭 court order.
(4) In Tarng Dyn. the six ministers, and prime minister: 中堂 (MC) formerly, the prime minister;
堂印 prime minister’s seal;
堂案，堂判 prime minister’s communications on cases;
堂食，堂餐 meals of the cabinet.
(5) Guildhall;
title of theatrical clubs or troupes;
title of “tongs” in Chinatown.

Adj. (1) Open, dignified: 堂堂，堂皇 tarng-tarng, tarng-huarng↓.
(2) Of same clan: 堂兄弟，堂姊妹 cousins of same paternal grandfather;
堂的 opp. 表的 cousins on mother’s side;
堂族 members of same clan.

Words 1. 堂坳 tarng-au, n., damp, low grounds.
2. 堂奧 tarng-auh, n., deep, hidden recesses;
3. 堂奧 tarng-auh, n., depths (of teaching).
4. 堂布 tarng-buh, n., wipe cloth.
5. 堂構 tarng-gouh, phr., (AC allu.) son succeeding to father’s profession.
6. 堂官 tarng-guan (tarng-’guan)¹, n., formerly, magistrates and superior officials;
7. 堂官 tarng-guan (tarng-’guan)¹, n., (Tarng Dyn.) cabinet ministers.
8. 堂倌 tarng-guan (tarng-’guan)², n., restaurant waiter.
9. 堂花 tarng-hua, n., flower forced by heat to blossom early.
10. 堂皇 tarng-huarng, n., stately, impressive: 堂哉皇哉 ditto;
11. 堂皇 tarng-huarng, n., 冠冕堂皇 impressive looking.
12. 堂會 tarng-hueih, n., communal gathering for celebration.
13. 堂客 tarng-’ke, n., lady guests.
14. 堂名 tarng-mirng, n., clan name, usu. named after the clan hall;
15. 堂名 tarng-mirng, n., name of a branch of family when separate hall has been established.
16. 堂上 tarng-shahng, n., parents;
17. 堂上 tarng-shahng, n., formerly, form of address to magistrates or judges.
18. 堂堂 tarng-tarng, adj., open, dignified: 堂堂大丈夫 a dignified gentleman;
19. 堂堂 tarng-tarng, adj., 堂堂正正 open, fair-minded, dignified.
20. 堂頭 tarng-tour, n., abbot: (coll.) 堂頭和尚 usu. called 方丈 fang-jahng.
21. 堂子 tarng-tz, n., (Shanghai dial.) brothels, courtesans;
22. 堂子 tarng-tz, n., (Manchu Dyn.) palace temples.
23. 堂屋 tarng-wu, n., main hall of building.
24. 堂廡 tarng-wuu, n., buildings and rooms surrounding main hall or temple.

雀 Num. Index: 22.11 chyueh (sp. pr. *chiaau ).

N. The common sparrow: 麻雀 ditto.

Words 1. 雀斑 chyueh-ban (sp. pr. chiaau’-ban), n., freckles.
2. 雀麥 chyueh-maih, n., (bot.) a species of oats.
3. 雀盲 chyueh-marng, n., night blindness;
4. 雀盲 chyueh-marng, n., 雀盲眼 (*chiaau-’mang-yaan) one suffering from night blindness, also one whose eyes are narrowed into slits.
5. 雀屏 chyueh-pirng, n., chosen as son-in-law, from 雀屏中目 (allu.) the one who shoots an arrow through the eye of the carved peacock on a screen.
6. 雀舌 chyueh-sher, n., a kind of delicate tea leaves.
7. 雀鼠 chyueh-shuu, n., bickering, from (AC) allu., “pecking and gnawing like birds and rats.”
8. 雀躍 chyueh-yueih, v.i., to be overjoyed (“jump like sparrows”).

弊 Num. Index: 22.20 bih .

N. Shortcomings, irregularities, corrupt practice, disadvantage: 利與弊 advantages and disadvantages;
興利除弊 clean up the administration;
流弊（很多流弊） corrupt practice, troubles arising from ill-advised systems;
營私舞弊 corruption in government;
作弊 v.i., to circumvent law for gain;
to cheat in examination.

Words 1. 弊病 bih-bihng, n., corrupt practices;
2. 弊病 bih-bihng, n., disadvantage(s);
3. 弊病 bih-bihng, n., frequent troubles, shortcomings (in machine or institution).
4. 弊竇 bih-douh, n., (open) door to corruption.
5. 弊端 bih-duan, n., irregularities, corrupt practices;
6. 弊端 bih-duan, n., disadvantage, bad point.
7. 弊害 bih-haih, n., undesirable points, ills of system.

山 Num. Index: 22.21 shan . [See 21.21]

出 Num. Index: 22.21 chu . [See 21.21]

幽 Num. Index: 22.21 you . [See 21.21]

豳 Num. Index: 22.21 bin . [See 21.21]

世 Num. Index: 22.21 shyh . [See 21.21]

卜 Num. Index: 22.22 buu .

N. (1) Divination: 卜卦先生，賣卜先生 fortuneteller;
求神問卜 pray and consult oracle.
(2) A surname.

V.i. &t. (1) To divine: 卜卦，卜課 buu-guah, buu-keh↓.
(2) To predict, foretell: 勝負難卜 difficult to tell who will win;
吉凶未卜 cannot predict the outcome, good or bad;
未可預卜 cannot foretell;
未卜先知 to know without consulting oracle.
(3) To choose (with or without divination): 卜居 place for residence;
卜鄰 choose neighborhood;
卜宅 choose house or tomb site;
卜老 choose place for retirement;
卜畫卜夜 phr., (AC) day and night without cease.

Words 1. 卜卦 buu-guah, n. & v.i., divine, divination by the eight diagrams (八^卦 80.80).
2. 卜課 buu-keh, n., art of divination;
3. 卜課 buu-keh, n., a session at the divination.
4. 卜數 buu-shuh, n. & v.i., art of fortunetelling;
5. 卜數 buu-shuh, n. & v.i., augur.
6. 卜筮 buu-shyh, v.i. & n., to divine by tortoise shell or straw, now used as gen. term for fortunetelling.
7. 卜算 buu-suahn, n. & v.i., see buu-shuh↑.
8. 卜辭 buu-tsyr, n., the oracle as shown on tortoise shell in Shang Dyn.

巾 Num. Index: 22.22 jin .

N. (1) A kerchief: 毛巾 a towel;
浴巾 a bath towel;
手巾 a handkerchief;
枕巾 a pillow sham;
圍巾 a scarf;
頭巾 a shawl;
餐巾 a napkin;
絲巾 a silk kerchief;
汗巾 a girdle sash;
巾幗 jin-guor, 巾□ jin-jier↓.
(2) A turban.

Words 1. 巾□ jin-jier, n., towel and comb: 侍奉巾□ (of woman) wait on with towels and comb—serve as wife or concubine.
2. 巾幗 jin-guor, n., women in gen., womanhood: 巾幗丈夫 a great woman.

中 Num. Index: 22.22 jung (*juhng ).

N. (1) Center, middle, inside: 當中 center;
內中 inside;
居中 in the center;
中間 jung-jian↓;
中央 jung-yang↓;
中樞 jung-shu↓.
(2) Middle of time, place, period, area used after n., thus forming what must be called postpositions, in place of prepositions, like “within” “during”: 國中，家中，校中 in the country, home, school;
之中 in the course of 說話之中 during the talk;
also in area: 吳中 in the Wur region;
貞觀中 during the reign Jen-guna;
局中人 a person involved in the case;
在考慮中 under consideration;
入其圈中 fall inside trap, circle.
(3) Short for 中國：中外人士 Chinese and foreign gentlemen;
中西合璧 Chinese and Western (styles, texts) combined;
中俄關係 relations between China and Russia.
(4) Short for 中學：高中，初中 senior, junior high school.

V.t. (1) (*juhng Hit (target): 中彩，中獎 win lottery, prize;
中選 win election;
中槍，中彈 be hit by bullet;
中計，中的 jung-jih, jung-dih¹↓.
(2) Be touched by (weather, poison, etc.): 中暑，中寒，中風，中毒 jung-shuu, jung-harn, jung-feng, jung-dur↓.
(3) Pass examination: 中𡈼，中式 jung-jyuu, jung-shyh³↓.
(4) To fit taste, liking, be agreeable to: 中聽，中吃，中用 jung-ting, jung-chy, jung-yuhng↓;
中肯，中理 jung-keen, jung-lii↓;
中意 jung-yih↓.
(5) As vb. complement like “on”in “hit on,” “hook on”: 考中 pass examination;
猜中 guess right;
看中了 take a fancy to (object, girl).

Adj. (1) Middle, mid-: 中世紀 the Middle Ages;
中古 mid-ancient period, jung-guu↓;
十九世紀中葉 mid-nineteenth century;
中圈 middle circle;
中立，中正 jung-lih, jung-jehng¹↓;
中庸，中和 jung-yung, jung-her↓.
(2) Medium-grade, mediocre: 中等身材 of medium height;
中等人材 medium or average talent;
中姿 middling looks;
中篇小說 a novelette;
適中 just right;
中產，中學 jung-chaan, jung-shyuer↓.

Adv. In the middle, halfway: 中斷，中輟 stop halfway.

Words 1. 中保 jung-baau¹, n., guarantor.
2. 中飽 jung-baau², v.i., to put into personal pocket (accounts);
3. 中飽 jung-baau², v.i., to “squeeze”public funds.
4. 中表 jung-biaau, n., first cousin, child of father’s sister or mother’s brother.
5. 中變 jung-biahn, n., unexpected change in events.
6. 中部 jung-buh, n., central part (of anything).
7. 中產 jung-chaan, n., as in 中產階級 the middle class.
8. 中朝 jung-chaur, n., (1) Chin. court (government);
9. 中朝 jung-chaur, n., (2) the officialdom: 中朝半為黨人 (MC) half of the officials are party men.
10. 中秋 jung-chiu, n., (中秋節) 15th day of the eight month of the lunar calendar, Mid-Autumn Festival.
11. 中吃 *juhng-chy, adj., good to eat, tasty.
12. 中權 jung-chyuarn, n., (LL) (1) (AC) main army;
13. 中權 jung-chyuarn, n., (2) those in power.
14. 中道 jung-dauh, (1) n., the middle course: 中道而行 follow the middle course;
15. 中道 jung-dauh, (2) adv., halfway: 中道而廢 stop halfway.
16. 中點 jung-diaan, n., (math.) middle point.
17. 中的 *juhng-dih¹, phr., hit the target.
18. 中第 *juhng-dih², v.i., pass the civil examinations.
19. 中斷 jung-duahn, v.i., break in the middle, break off.
20. 中東 jung-dung, n., Middle East (Asia).
21. 中毒（兒） *juhng-dur(’l), v.i., be poisoned.
22. 中耳 jung-eel, n., (physiol.) the middle ear;
23. 中耳炎 jung-eel-yarn, n., Otitis-media
24. 中飯 jung-fahn, n., lunch, luncheon.
25. 中非 Jung-Fei, n., Central Africa.
26. 中費 jung-feih, n., agent’s fee.
27. 中風 *juhng-feng, n., a paralytic stroke: 中風不語 paralysed in speech.
28. 中鋒 jung-feng, n., (1) (football) center forward;
29. 中鋒 jung-feng, n., (2) (callig.) the use of the brush point perpendicularly, rather than on a slant.
30. 中耕 jung-geng, v.i., to till the farm after the sprouts have come up.
31. 中冓 jung-gouh, n., (AC & LL) 中冓之言 gossip about private morals.
32. 中官 jung-guan, n., (1) eunuch;
33. 中官 jung-guan, n., (2) (AC) the officials.
34. 中宮 jung-gung, n., the empress.
35. 中國 Jung-guor, n., China;
36. 中國人 Jung-guor-rern, n., Chinese.
37. 中古 jung-guu, n., “mid-ancient”or medieval period (generally 漢晉 Hahn and Jihn Dyns., preceded by 上古時代—terms with fluctuating connotations).
38. 中寒 *juhng-harn, v.i., to catch a cold.
39. 中和 jung-her, (1) v.t. & adj., moderate, not extreme;
40. 中和 jung-her, (2) n., 中和作用 (chem.) neutralization.
41. 中華 Jung-huar, n., China;
42. 中華 Jung-huar, n., 中華民國 the Republic of China (oft. abbr. ROC).
43. 中悔 jung-hueei, v.i., change one’s mind in middle course;
44. 中悔 jung-hueei, v.i., regret.
45. 中正 jung-jehng¹, adj., the central and the upright.
46. 中證 jung-jehng², n., personal witness.
47. 中將 jung-jiahng, n., (mil.) lieutenant general.
48. 中堅 jung-jian¹, n., the core;
49. 中堅 jung-jian¹, n., (football) center half back: 中堅分子 the hard-core of a group, party.
50. 中間 jung-jian², n., (1) the inside, the middle between (as alley between houses);
51. 中間 jung-jian², n., (2) in the course of: 說話中間 while speaking;
52. 中間人 jung-jian-rern, n., go-between, agent, mediator.
53. 中節 *juhng-jier, phr., (1) in rhythm;
54. 中節 *juhng-jier, phr., (2) (AC) not too much of anything, proper and just: 發而皆中節 (emotions) are expressed justly (not repressed).
55. 中計 *juhng-jih, phr., fall into trap.
56. 中酒 *juhng-jioou, phr., suffer from over drinking.
57. 中涓 jung-jyuan, n., (AC) palace eunuchs.
58. 中軍 jung-jyun, n., formerly, (mil.) central column, main army.
59. 中舉 *juhng-jyuu, phr., to pass the second degree of 舉人 juu-rern in Imperial Examinations.
60. 中止 jung-jyy¹, v.i., to stop in the middle.
61. 中指 jung-jyy², n., the middle finger.
62. 中肯 *juhng-keen, adj., (of remarks) to the point.
63. 中饋 jung-kueih, n., (AC) as in 主中饋 cooking as wife’s job;
64. 中饋 jung-kueih, n., also later used for “wife.”
65. 中立 jung-lih, adj. & n., neutral, -ity: 中立國 neutral country;
66. 中立 jung-lih, adj. & n., 武裝中立 armed neutrality.
67. 中理 *juhng-lii, adj., reasonable (=合理).
68. 中流 jung-liour, (1) n., midstream, river current: 中流砥柱 pillar of strength;
69. 中流 jung-liour, (2) adj., middle average: the middle class: 中流社會;
70. 中流 jung-liour, adj., 中流人品 average character or looks.
71. 中路 jung-luh, (1) n., middle of road;
72. 中路 jung-luh, (2) adj., mediocre (goods).
73. 中落 jung-luoh, v.i., (of fortunes) to decline.
74. 中滿 jung-maan, adj., (Chin. med.) have a swollen belly.
75. 中美 Jung-Meei, (1) n., Central America;
76. 中美 Jung-Meei, (2) phr., China and U.S.
77. 中年 jung-niarn, n., middle of life, after forty.
78. 中波 jung-po, n., (electronics) medium wave.
79. 中人 jung-rern, n., (1) person of medium or average grade;
80. 中人 jung-rern, n., (2) (AC) middle class;
81. 中人 jung-rern, n., (3) friends in the palace;
82. 中人 jung-rern, n., eunuchs.
83. 中山 Jung-shan, n., courtesy name of Dr. Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙), father of Chinese Republic;
84. 中山 Jung-shan, n., (oft. used as name of roads, schools, etc.);
85. 中山 Jung-shan, n., 中山裝 style of man’s jacket with closed collar without tie.
86. 中傷 *juhng-shang, v.t., to hurt s.o. by remark;
87. 中傷 *juhng-shang, v.t., (p.p.) hit by sword or bullet.
88. 中殤 jung-shang, v.i., (AC) die between 12-15 of age.
89. 中生代 jung-sheng-daih, n., (geol.) Mesozoic era.
90. 中夏 jung-shiah, n., (LL) China.
91. 中線 jung-shiahn, n., (math.) line from apex of triangle to middle of base.
92. 中宵 jung-shiau, n., middle of the night;
93. 中宵 jung-shiau, n., midnight.
94. 中校 jung-shiauh, n., (mil.) lieutenant colonel.
95. 中性 jung-shihng, n. & adj., neutral, neutral character.
96. 中心 jung-shin, n., center (of problem, attention, etc.), core (of group, matter), center of related studies, study or service center, etc.: 中心思想 basic idea in philosophic system;
97. 中心 jung-shin, n., 中心軸 central axis;
98. 中心 jung-shin, n., 中心蝕 central eclipse;
99. 中心 jung-shin, n., 中心點 central point.
100. 中興 jung-shing, n., resurgence, restoration of power after temporary collapse in dynastic rule: 中興名臣 minister who gave a new lease of life to ruling house.
101. 中行 jung-shirng, n., (AC) one who follows the middle road.
102. 中樞 jung-shu, n., (lit.) the “axis” of power—the highest council of state;
103. 中樞 jung-shu, n., 中樞神經 central nervous system.
104. 中數 jung-shuh, n., (math.) the median number.
105. 中書省 jung-shu-sheeng, n., (Tarng Dyn.) cabinet of ministers.
106. 中暑 *juhng-shuu, n., sunstroke.
107. 中士 jung-shyh¹, n., (mil.) sergeant.
108. 中世 jung-shyh², n., see jung-guu↑.
109. 中式 jung-shyh³, (1) adj., Chin. style;
110. 中式 jung-shyh³, (2) (*juhng-shyh) v.i., formerly, to pass civil examinations.
111. 中學 jung-shyuer, n., high school.
112. 中旬 jung-shyurn, n., the middle ten days of a month.
113. 中使 jung-shyy, n., palace petty officer, eunuch.
114. 中堂 jung-tarng, n., a wide scroll hung in center of hall.
115. 中聽 *juhng-ting, adj., agreeable to the ear, (words, advice) pleasing to listener.
116. 中材 jung-tsair, n., men of average quality or stature.
117. 中餐 jung-tsan, n., (1) midday lunch;
118. 中餐 jung-tsan, n., (2) Chin. dinner.
119. 中途 jung-tur, adv., midway.
120. 中子 jung-tzyy, n., (phys.) neutron.
121. 中尉 jung-weih, n., (mil.) first lieutenant (少尉 second lieutenant).
122. 中位數 jung-weih-shuh, n., (statistics) the median.
123. 中午 jung-wuu, n., midday.
124. 中亞 Jung-Yaa, n., Central Asia.
125. 中央 jung-yang, n. & adj., (1) the center;
126. 中央 jung-yang, n. & adj., (2) central government;
127. 中央 jung-yang, n. & adj., 中央威信 prestige of the national government;
128. 中央 jung-yang, n. & adj., 中央情報局 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA);
129. 中央 jung-yang, n. & adj., 中央研究院 Academia Sinica.
130. 中夜 jung-yeh¹, n., the middle of the night.
131. 中葉 jung-yeh², n., middle period (of dyn., century, reign).
132. 中衣 jung-yi¹, n., underclothing.
133. 中醫 Jung-yi², n., Chin. medicine;
134. 中醫 Jung-yi², n., Chin. doctor.
135. 中意 *juhng-yih, v.i., (person) takes fancy to (girl), likes: 中意她或他 love her or him.
136. 中元 jung-yuarn¹, n., the fifteenth of the seventh lunar month.
137. 中原 Jung-yuarn², n., the “central plains” of China, actually the Yellow River valley.
138. 中用 *juhng-yuhng, adj., serviceable, convenient: 不中用了 hopelessly ill.
139. 中庸 jung-yurng, n., the Doctrine of the Golden Mean, name of a chapter in 禮記 and one of the Four Books in Confu. school.

串 Num. Index: 22.22 chuahn .

N. (1) A string (of cash, beads).
(2) Relatives: 親串 various kins.

V.i. To conspire, league up to swindle: 串通，串同 chuahn-tung, chuahn-turng↓;
串供 chuahn-gung↓.

V.t. (1) To string up: 串起來.
(2) To pass out and in irregularly or freely: 串衚衕兒 peddle things through the alleys of Peiping;
串房沿兒 (landlord) rents out all rooms and himself lives around yard;
串店 to act as salesman from house to house or as minstrel singer in restaurants, see 串店的 chuahn-diahn-’de↓;
串百家門兒的 see 串門的 chuahn-mern’de↓.
(3) To take part in play: 串戲 chuahn-shih↓;
反串 for man to play female part and woman to play male part.
(4) To pour into: 把酒串回瓶子况 pour wine back into bottle.

Words 1. 串氣 chuahn-chih, n., (coll.) asthma.
2. 串店的 chuahn-diahn-’de, n., itinerant salesman or minstrel singer.
3. 串供 chuahn-gung, v.i., (witnesses, parties in lawsuit) to act in collusion.
4. 串轍 chuahn-jer, v.i., to make wrong link-up of persons and places.
5. 串疽 chuahn-jyu, n., (med.) herpes, Herpes-zoster, shingles.
6. 串鈴 chuahn-’ling, n., metal pieces clapped together to attract customers, used by pedlars and itinerant fortunetellers, etc.
7. 串門 chuahn-mern, v.i., as in 串門子 chuahn-mern-tz, to visit different houses and carry gossip;
8. 串門 chuahn-mern, v.i., 串門的 chuahn-mern-’de, n., a gossipper.
9. 串騙 chuahn-piahn, v.i., to league up and swindle (s.o.).
10. 串票 chuahn-piauh, n., formerly, receipt for land tax.
11. 串皮 chuahn-pir, v.i., (effect of medicine) come to the skin surface (as a rash).
12. 串戲 chuahn-shih, v.i., (1) to take part in or rehearse a play;
13. 串戲 chuahn-shih, v.i., (2) to act in play as amateur.
14. 串屜兒 chuahn-tieh-’l, v.t., to warm up (rolls, buns) by putting in oven for short time.
15. 串通 chuahn-tung, v.t., to conspire with (person) for illegal acts: 串通作弊 ditto.
16. 串同 chuahn-turng, v.t., ditto.
17. 串子 chuahn-tz, n., (1) a string (of beads, etc.);
18. 串子 chuahn-tz, n., (2) formerly, receipt for goods in granary or storage.
19. 串演 chuahn-yaan, v.i., to take part in a play, esp. by amateur.
20. 串秧兒 chuahn-yang-’l, n., hybrid plant or animal.

申 Num. Index: 22.22 shen .

N. (1) A letter in the duodecimal cycle see Appendix A.
(2) The two-hour period, 3-5 p.m.
(3) A surname.

V.i. (1) As prefix to vb., has the force of “ex-,” “out-”as in “express,” “extend”: 申明，申述，申說，申𤉸 shen-mirng, shen-shuh, shen-shuo, shen-shyuh↓;
申敬，申謝 shen-jihng, shen-shieh↓.
(2) Specifically, prefixed to vb., in submitting communication to official superior: 申請，申陳，申奏，申送，申文，申狀 shen-chiing, shen-chern, shen-tzouh, shen-suhng, shen-wern, shen-juahng↓.
(3) To repeat orders, instructions to subordinate: 申斥，申飭 shen-chyh¹, shen-chyh²↓;
三令五申 have ordered repeatedly.

Words 1. 申報 shen-bauh, (1) n., name of the oldest Chin. newspaper in Shanghai;
2. 申報 shen-bauh, (2) v.t., (a) to report to superior;
3. 申報 shen-bauh, v.t., (b) declare (dutiable goods) to customs officials, (one’s income).
4. 申辯 shen-biahn, v.i., to plead or rebut in defense.
5. 申補 shen-buu, n. & v.i., see shen-shueei↓.
6. 申陳 shen-chern, v.i., to communicate with superior.
7. 申請 shen-chiing, v.i., to apply (for permit, etc.), make application;
8. 申請 shen-chiing, v.i., to make official request.
9. 申斥 shen-chyh¹, v.t., to rebuke (subordinate).
10. 申飭 shen-chyh², v.t., (1) ditto;
11. 申飭 shen-chyh², v.t., (2) to instruct (subordinate) to do s.t.
12. 申敕 shen-chyh³, v.t., (1) to instruct (subordinate) to do s.t.;
13. 申敕 shen-chyh³, v.t., (2) to rebuke.
14. 申旦 shen-dahn, adv., (AC) toward daybreak.
15. 申覆 shen-fuh, v.t., to submit written reply to superior.
16. 申告 shen-gauh, v.t., (1) to instruct officially;
17. 申告 shen-gauh, v.t., (2) to register complaint.
18. 申解 shen-jiee, v.t., to explain.
19. 申結 shen-jier, v.i., (LL) to cement friendship.
20. 申敬 shen-jihng, v.i., to express respect, high esteem.
21. 申救 shen-jiouh, v.t., to rescue, help.
22. 申狀 shen-juahng, n. & v.i., (send) communication or report to superior.
23. 申明 shen-mirng, v.t., to make clear, declare (reason for visit, etc.).
24. 申牌 shen-pair, n., notice of hour, 3-5 p.m.
25. 申申 shen-shen, & (AC) (1) adj., 申申如也 (of Confucius at home) relaxed;
26. 申申 shen-shen, (2) adv., repeatedly: 申申其詈餘 rebuked me again and again.
27. 申憲 shen-shiahn, phr., (AC, rare) punish (person) by law.
28. 申詳 shen-shiarng, v.i., to explain, report to superior in detail.
29. 申謝 shen-shieh, v.i., to express thanks (for gifts, kindnesses received).
30. 申水 shen-shueei, n. & v.i., formerly, (commercial) charge for difference in currency rates (also wr. 升水).
31. 申述 shen-shuh, v.t., explain (reasons), express (opinions, feelings);
32. 申述 shen-shuh, v.t., to repeat an account, story.
33. 申說 shen-shuo, v.i., to express (one’s feelings), explain (one’s difficulties).
34. 申𤉸 shen-shyuh, v.i., to narrate (events, condition) to superior.
35. 申訴 shen-suh, v.t., to explain (one’s difficulties), express (complaint).
36. 申送 shen-suhng, v.t., submit (documents) to superior.
37. 申奏 shen-tzouh, v.t., to send official report to court.
38. 申文 shen-wern, v.i., to communicate officially (on some case).
39. 申冤 shen-yuan, v.i., to ask for redress of an injustice (also wr. 伸).

肅 Num. Index: 22.22 suh . [Abbr. □]

V.i. & t. (1) To bow (guest) in: 肅客.
(2) To send greeting esp. at end of letter: 手肅 greet personally;
敬肅 my greetings;
肅此，肅復 this I write, reply, respectfully.
(3) To clear away (bandits): 肅清 suh-ching↓.

Adj. & adv. Severe, solemn, -ly, respectfully: 肅立 stand solemnly;
肅然，肅肅 suh-rarn, suh-suh↓;
implied silence on solemn occasions: 肅靜 suh-jihng↓.

Words 1. 肅清 suh-ching, v.t., to rid country of (bandits).
2. 肅靜 suh-jihng, adj., solemnly silent;
3. 肅靜 suh-jihng, adj., boards carried by retinue during official procession, meaning “silence.”
4. 肅穆 suh-muh, adj., respectful and solemn.
5. 肅然 suh-rarn, adv., respectfully.
6. 肅殺 suh-sha, adj., (AC) (of autumn) chilling (life, vegetation), now generally wr. 蕭^殺 20A.22.
7. 肅爽 suh-shuaang, n., (AC) name of famous horse (also wr. 驌□，驌驦).
8. 肅肅 suh-suh, adj. & adv., (1) respectful, -ly, solemn, -ly;
9. 肅肅 suh-suh, adj. & adv., (2) (AC) in a hurry (related 速);
10. 肅肅 suh-suh, adj. & adv., (3) (AC) descriptive of rustling noise (cf. □□).

常 Num. Index: 22.22 charng .

N. (1) Norms of conduct: 綱常，倫常 (Confu.) basic human relationships.
(2) A surname.

Adj. & adv. (1) Constant, -ly, permanent, -ly: 生命無常 nothing is permanent in life;
反復無常 change one’s mind frequently.
(2) Continual, -ly, frequently: 常常 charng-charng↓;
時常 frequently;
常聽見 often heard;
常見 often saw, seen, etc.;
不常來 seldom comes.
(3) Normal, -ly, usual, -ly, regular, -ly;
正常 normal;
反常 abnormal;
常例 charng-lih↓;
常法，常規 charng-faa, charng-guei↓;
通常，經常，日常 usual, -ly;
照常，如常 as usual;
常備軍 charng-beih-jyun↓;
常務 charng-wuh↓.
(4) Common, -ly: 常識 charng-shyh²↓;
平常 common.

Words 1. 常備兵 charng-beih-bing, n., regular, standing army;
2. 常備兵 charng-beih-bing, n., also 常備軍 charng-beih-jyun.
3. 常產 charng-chaan, n., property.
4. 常常（兒） charng-charng(’l), adv., often, frequently.
5. 常川 charng-chuan, adv., continually, on a permanent basis (also wr. 長川).
6. 常春籐 charng-chun-terng, n., (bot.) a kind of vine, Hedera helix.
7. 常度 charng-duh, n., frequency.
8. 常法 charng-faa, n., norm, regular warp, procedure.
9. 常服 charng-fur, n., informal dress.
10. 常軌 charng-gueei, n., regular rules or procedure.
11. 常規 charng-guei, n., regulations.
12. 常會 charng-hueih, n., regular meeting (weekly, monthly, etc.);
13. 常會兒 charng-hueh-’l, adv., often: 他常會兒來 he often comes.
14. 常見 charng-jiahn, n., common sense.
15. 常久 charng-jioou, adv., for a long while: 常久不來了 has not been here for a long time.
16. 常住 charng-juh¹, (Budd.) (1) n., resident monk: 常住物 his things;
17. 常住 charng-juh¹, (2) n., temples;
18. 常住 charng-juh¹, (3) adj., eternal, invariable.
19. 常駐 charng-juh², adj., (army) permanently stationed.
20. 常恐 charng-kuung, adv., (Shanghai dial.) fear lest.
21. 常例 charng-lih, n., regular routine procedure.
22. 常禮 charng-lii¹, n., regular etiquette;
23. 常禮 charng-lii¹, n., 常禮服 formal dress.
24. 常理 charng-lii², n., convention, logical thinking.
25. 常綠樹 charng-lyuh-shuh, n., (bot.) evergreen.
26. 常人 charng-rern, n., ordinary people.
27. 常山 charng-shan, n., (1) name of mountain (=恆山);
28. 常山 charng-shan, n., (2) (bot.) Orixa japonica.
29. 常勝 charng-shehng, adj., ever victorious.
30. 常行（兒） charng-shirng(’l), adv., see charng-hueh-’l↑:常行兒喝酒 drink frequently.
31. 常數 charng-shuh, n., (math.) a constant.
32. 常式 charng-shyh¹, n., the regular form or style.
33. 常識 charng-shyh², n., elementary knowledge, elements (of science, sanitation, etc.);
34. 常識 charng-shyh², n., common sense.
35. 常事 charng-shyh³, n., ordinary affairs, a common occurrence.
36. 常祀 charng-syh, n., regular sacrifices.
37. 常態 charng-taih, n., regular, normal, way or appearance.
38. 常談 charng-tarn, n., as in 老生常談 moral platitudes.
39. 常溫 charng-wen, n., constant temperature.
40. 常務 charng-wuh, n., as in 常務董事會 standing committee;
41. 常務 charng-wuh, n., 常務理事 executive director.
42. 常言 charng-yarn, n., proverb: 常言道 as the proverb says.
43. 常業 charng-yeh, n., regular profession.

幣 Num. Index: 22.22 bih .

N. Currency, coins: 日幣，英幣，新台幣 Japanese, English, New Taiwan currency;
法幣 legal tender, also French currency;
輔幣 subsidiary coins;
紙幣 paper currency;
金幣，銀幣 gold, silver currency.

Words 1. 幣帛 bih-bor, n., (AC) gifts of tribute in money and silks.
2. 幣制 bih-jyh, n., monetary system.

帶 Num. Index: 22.22 daih .

N. (1) Belt, girdle, strap (daih-tz) : 衣帶 belt of gown, dress;
褲帶 trousers belt or cord;
皮帶 leather belt;
鞋帶 shoelace;
馬肚帶 belly strap for horse.
(2) Belt of territory: 溫帶，熱帶 temperate zone, torrid zone, tropical zone;
region: 這帶地方 here, this region;
沿海一帶 the coastal region.

V.t. (1) Carry, take to: 帶刀，劍，甲 carry knife, sword, armor;
帶錢 carry money;
帶信，帶消息 take a letter, message to (place);
帶個好兒 carry greetings to (person): 帶到城况去 take it to the city.
(2) Lead: 帶兵 lead troops;
帶路，帶道 daih-luh, daih-dauh↓.
(3) Bring up: 你把小孩帶壞了 you have spoiled the child.
(4) Involve: 帶累，連帶 involve person in trouble, lawsuit;
把門帶上 close the door as you go out.
(5) Show incidentally, mix with: 面帶笑意，病容，愁色 one’s face shows smiling mood, sickly countenance, sad expression;
帶口音 (one’s speech) shows accent;
連踢帶打 mix kicks with hand blows;
連打帶罵 scold and beat (person) at the same time.

Words 1. 帶案 daih-ahn, v.t., subpoena.
2. 帶打 daih-daa, v.i., rain fisticuffs;
3. 帶打 daih-daa, v.i., show of combat in Chin. opera.
4. 帶道 daih-dauh, v.i., see daih-luh↓.
5. 帶肚子 daih-duh-tz, (1) v.i., be pregnant;
6. 帶肚子 daih-duh-tz, (2) n., secretary (of magistrate) who pays for the job of going along, expecting to profit from squeezing the people.
7. 帶分數 daih-fen-shuh, n., (math.) mixed fraction.
8. 帶漖 daih-gou, n., belt buckle.
9. 帶累 daih-leih, v.t., involve s.o. in trouble or expense.
10. 帶領 daih-liing, v.t., be in charge of (troops).
11. 帶路 daih-luh, v.i., lead the way, serve as a guide.
12. 帶身子 daih-shen-tz, v.i., be pregnant.
13. 帶下 daih-shiah, n., leucorrhoea (=白帶).
14. 帶孝 daih-shiauh, v.i., wear mourning.
15. 帶手 daih-shoou, n., wiping cloth carried by restaurant waiters;
16. 帶手兒 daih-shoou-’l, adv., on the way: 帶手兒把門關上 close the door as you go out .
17. 帶頭 daih-tour, v.i., to lead in action.
18. 帶魚 daih-yur, n., (zoo.) the hairtail, Trichiurus chinensis.

川 Num. Index: 22.22 chuan .

N. (1) A river: 山川 lands and waters—landscape, topography;
高山大川 high mountains and big rivers;
百川會於海 all rivers flow into the sea.
(2) Short for 四川 Szechuan, a province: 川菜，川馬 Szechuan cuisine, pony;
川邊 Szechuan border.

V.t. Boiled and served in soup: 川丸子 meat ball soup.

Adv. See 常^川 22.22.

Words 1. 川穀 Chuan-guu, n., a kind of Szechuan corn, Coix agrestis.
2. 川連 Chuan-liarn, n., (Chin. med.)=黃連 the golden thread, Coptis japonica, produced in Szechuan.
3. 川流 chuan-liour, n., river current: 川流不息 a continuous flow (of profits, income).
4. 川朴 Chuan-poh, n., (Chin. med.) 厚朴 a kind of magnolia of Szechuan, Magnolia obovata.
5. 川芎 Chuan-shyung, n., an aromatic plant, 芎藭, the hemlock parsley, Conioselinum univitatum.
6. 川苔 Chuan-tair, n., edible mushroom grown on rocks, in Szechuan.
7. 川資 chuan-tz, n., voyage or journey expense.

州 Num. Index: 22.22 jou .

N. (1) Name of an administrative district, consisting of several 縣 shiahn: 州治 the district government;
州長，州牧 formerly, chief magistrate of district.
(2) U.f. 洲 continent: 神州=神洲.

V.i. (AC) 州處 to settle in a place.

Words 1. 州伯 jou-bor, n., (AC) head of one of the nine main divisions (九州) in anc. times.
2. 州官 jou-guan, n., district magistrate.
3. 州里 jou-lii, n., the gen. countryside: 州里之民 the people in the country.
4. 州閭 jou-lyur, n., (AC) see jou-lii↑.

卅 Num. Index: 22.22 sah .

N. & adj. Thirty (contracted from 三十).

卌 Num. Index: 22.22 shih .

N. & adj. (Rare) forty.

□ Num. Index: 22.22 guahn (also kuahng ).

Adj. (AC) having (child’s ) hair done up in two side tufts.

□ Num. Index: 22.22 guahn .

N. The two tufts made in dressing a child’s hair.

艸 Num. Index: 22.22 tsaau . [Var. of 草 20A.10]

非 Num. Index: 22.22 fei .

N. Wrong, wrong-doing, mistake: 文過飾非 try to cover up one’s mistakes;
為非作歹 carry on misdeeds;
無事生非 create problems where none exists;
opp. 是：分別是非 distinguish right and wrong;
沒有是非 do not get involved in disputes, also there is no justice, cf. 是^非 41.83.

V.t. To oppose, criticize, regard as wrong: 非之 (LL) oppose it, condemn it;
非孔，非十二子 criticize Confu., criticize the twelve schools;
非議，非難，非毀，非笑 fei-yih, fei-nahn, fei-hueei, fei-shiauh↓.

Adj. & adv. (1) Not, be not;
in most cases, 非 has sense of 不是 be not, while 不 stands for “do not” and “be not”: 不敢 dare not, but 非敢 it is not that I dare;
非牛非馬 neither fish nor fowl;
非吾同類，非吾徒也 is not one of us, is not my disciple;
非所望也 is not what I hoped or expected;
非吾所欲 is not what I want;
非出本心 is not one’s real intention;
非金屬 nonmetal;
非正式，非賣品 not formal, not for sale;
非比尋常 is not of the common run;
非同小可 is not trivial matter;
非常 fei-charng↓.
(2) Oft. coupled with 即, if not that, then this: 非大即小 is either big or small;
非此即彼 must be one of these two (this or that);
非吃即喝 is either eating or drinking;
非傷即死 are either wounded or dead.
(3) Oft. coupled with 不, meaning “only”: 非他不嫁 will marry noone but him;
非錢不行 cannot do without money;
你非來不可 you simply have to come;
我非打死你不可 I must kill you.
(4) Oft. coupled with 無，莫：無非 is nothing but (some quarrel about money);
莫非 perhaps (a conjecture);
莫非又有新情人 perhaps he has a new lover;
非君莫屬 only you can fill the post.
(5) Not right, not good: 所言非也 you are wrong;
非也 (a LL phr., often used in spoken language) it is not so;
非類 bad character (=匪類);
非計 wrong way of doing it, bad plan;
非時 not the right time;
violent: 非刑，非命 fei-shirng, fei-mihng↓.
(6) In phrr. 非得，非但，非僅，非止，非獨，非徒 all meaning “not only”;
see under 非得，非但 fei-der, fei-dahn↓;
非徒無益，而又害之 it is not only useless, but does some harm (worse than useless).

Words 1. 非常 fei-charng, adj. & adv., (1) very: 非常危險，不高興 very dangerous, displeased;
2. 非常 fei-charng, adj. & adv., (2) abnormal: 非常行為 abnormal behavior;
3. 非常 fei-charng, adj. & adv., (3) extraordinary: 非常時期 extraordinary period.
4. 非但 fei-dahn, adv., not only;
5. 非但 fei-dahn, adv., variations: 非僅，非止，非獨，非徒，非特 fei-jiin, fei-jyy, fei-dur, fei-tur, fei-teh;
6. 非但 fei-dahn, adv., 非但你一個人 it’s not only you alone.
7. 非得 fei-der, adv., (usu. 非得…不可, but sometimes also with 不可 understood) must, it is necessary that: 非得你走一趟（不可） it is necessary for you to go personally.
8. 非獨 fei-dur, adv., not only.
9. 非法 fei-faa, adj. & adv., illegal (behavior);
10. 非法 fei-faa, adj. & adv., illegitimate, unauthorized (action, leaving the campus, etc.).
11. 非分 fei-fehn, adj., improper to one’s status: 非分的要求 improper demand.
12. 非非 fei-fei, n., esp. in 想入非非 indulge in phantasy;
13. 非非 fei-fei, n., get fantastic or wayward, incorrect thoughts.
14. 非毀 fei-hueei, v.t., to discredit (person) by critical remarks.
15. 非洲 Fei-jou, n., Africa.
16. 非命 fei-mihng, phr., 死於非命 die unnatural death.
17. 非難 fei-nahn (fei-narn), v.i. & t., ask (person) embarrassing questions.
18. 非笑 fei-shiauh, v.t., scoff at, make fun of.
19. 非刑 fei-shirng, n., third degree, illegal torture.
20. 非特 fei-teh, adv., especially not, not only without;
21. 非特 fei-teh, adv., simply have to.
22. 非議 fei-yih, n. & v.i., hostile opinion, criticism.

弗 Num. Index: 22.22 fur . [Cogn. 不，匪，否]

Adv. Not (equiv. 不, only in AC and LL, and in Shanghai dial.): 弗敢=不敢，弗察=不察，弗克=不克，弗能=不能，弗及=不及，弗如=不如;
弗思則弗得 without thinking one cannot realize;
何弗思之甚 how thoughtless! 弗豫 indisposed, displeased.

Words 1. 弗弗 fur-fur, adj., (AC) descriptive of floating, flapping motion.

韭 Num. Index: 22.30 jioou . [Also wr. 𤦏]

N. (Bot.) the leek.

Words 1. 韭黃 jioou-huarng, n., tender, yellowish leek.
2. 韭菜花 jioou-tsaih-hua, n., the leek flowers.

□ Num. Index: 22.30 dang . [Abbr. of 當 22.41]

晝 Num. Index: 22.30 jouh .

N. Daytime, opp. 夜 night: 晝日 ditto;
晝夜 jouh-yeh↓;
白晝殺人 kill person in broad daylight;
晝氣惰 (AC) feeling of soldiers at noon tired and relaxed;
晝晦 murky daylight.

Words 1. 晝分 jouh-fen, n., (AC) noon.
2. 晝夜 jouh-yeh, adv., day and night: 晝夜相隨 keep each other’s company day and night.

畫 Num. Index: 22.30 huah . [Abbr. □]

N. (1) Painting, drawing: 圖畫 painting, drawing, illustrations;
字畫，書畫 calligraphy and painting as twin arts;
油畫 oil painting;
水彩畫 water color;
國畫，西洋畫 Chinese, Western painting;
壁畫 murals, fresco;
漫畫 cartoon;
詩中有畫，畫中有詩 (of 王維) there is painting in his poetry, and poetry in his painting;
畫中人 (of lady) as pretty as a picture;
畫報，畫刊 a pictorial magazine;
畫冊 an album of paintings.
(2) A horizontal stroke in calligraphy.
(3) A stroke of any kind in writing: 這個字共幾畫 how many strokes in this character?

V.i. & t. (1) To draw (a line, a picture);
繪畫 make a drawing;
畫圖 huah-tur↓: 畫畫 to paint a painting;
能寫會畫 can write and paint;
畫稿 first sketch;
畫樣子 a rough draft;
畫影圖形 to draw a portrait;
畫餅充饑 to draw a cake and call it a dinner—a Barmecide feast;
畫龍點睛 “to put in the eye pupil in painting a dragon”—the critical touch;
畫蛇添足 paint a snake with feet—superfluous;
畫虎類犬 fail to achieve what one set out to do, unsuccessful attempt in description;
畫鬼易，畫狗難 easier to paint a ghost than a dog;
畫脂鏤冰 to draw on butter or carve ice—a futile undertaking;
畫法 the technique of painting;
畫神，畫理 to paint the expression of persons or inner law of things.
(2) To draw a line in sense of “divide” (also wr. 劃): 晝界 to draw the boundary;
畫分 divide the line;
畫開 to set aside (a sum of money, duty).
(3) To plan: 計畫，籌畫，策畫 to plan (as to draw an outline).
(4) To put one’s signature: 畫諾 to “okay”;
畫到 sign arrival at office;
see 畫押，畫供 huah-ya, huah-gung¹↓.

Adj. Painted (boat, girders, hall, etc.).

Words 1. 畫板 huah-baan, n., an easel, board for painting.
2. 畫報 huah-bauh, n., pictorial magazine.
3. 畫布 huah-buh, n., canvas for painting.
4. 畫荻 huah-dir, phr., mother’s instruction (from Ouyang Shiu’s mother who taught him to write by using a rush stalk on the ground).
5. 畫分 huah-fen, v.t., to divide in parts (also wr. 劃分).
6. 畫供 huah-gung¹, v.i., to sign affidavit.
7. 畫工 huah-gung², n., a commercial painter.
8. 畫壼兒 huah-hur-’l, n., a snuffbottle with miniature drawing.
9. 畫展 huah-jaan, n., art exhibition.
10. 畫家 huah-jia, n., a painter.
11. 畫架 huah-jiah, n., an easel, a rack for painting.
12. 畫匠 huah-jiahng, n., (derog.) commercial artist.
13. 畫境 huah-jihng, n., the poetic level of painting, a beautiful scene as visualized by the artist.
14. 畫角 huah-jyuer, n., an anc. horn used in the army like bugle.
15. 畫具 huah-jyuh, n., painting instruments.
16. 畫刊 huah-kan, n., a pictorial magazine.
17. 畫拉 huah-’la, v.i., to daub ink, scribble.
18. 畫卯 huah-maau, v.i., to sign arrival at office (about 7 a.m.).
19. 畫眉 huah-meir, (1) n., the grey thrush;
20. 畫眉 huah-meir, (2) v.i., to draw eyebrows.
21. 畫面 huah-miahn, n., the gen. appearance of a work of art in respect of light, color, and composition.
22. 畫片兒 huah-piah-’l, n., small reprints of paintings.
23. 畫屏 huah-pirng, n., a painted portable screen or partition.
24. 畫譜 huah-puu, n., (1) a painting album;
25. 畫譜 huah-puu, n., (2) book on painting and painters.
26. 畫象 huah-shiahng, n., portrait.
27. 畫師 huah-shy, n., (court.) painter.
28. 畫室 huah-shyh, n., artist’s studio.
29. 畫學 huah-shyuer, n., the study of painting.
30. 畫帖 huah-tieh, n., model painting for copying.
31. 畫策 huah-tseh, n. & v.i., plan.
32. 畫圖 huah-tur, v.i. & n., paint, -ing, draw, -ing;
33. 畫圖 huah-tur, v.i. & n., 畫圖器 Tsquare, protractor, etc. for drawing designs.
34. 畫押 huah-ya, v.i., to make a sign (esp. by an illiterate) in lieu of signature.
35. 畫一 huah-yi, v.t. & adj., uniform (order, appearance);
36. 畫一 huah-yi, v.t. & adj., definite, unequivocal, standardized.

盅 Num. Index: 22.30 jung .

N. (jung-’l) A small cup: 茶盅 teacup;
酒盅 wine cup;
金盅 golden wine cup.

盡 Num. Index: 22.30 jihn . [Abbr. □]

Pron. All: 盡歸我有 all belongs to me;
盡在於此 everything is here;
盡皆 jihn-jie↓.

V.i. & t. (1) V.i., come to an end: 歲盡 the year has come to an end (is ending), year-end;
氣數已盡 s.o.’s spell of good fortune has run out, his days are numbered;
自盡 commit suicide;
盡頭 jihn-tour↓.
(2) V.t., to use up completely: 盡力 jihn-lih↓;
竭盡 to the last measure (drop, ounce);
盡心 jihn-shin↓;
盡人事，聽天命 do one’s level best and leave the rest to God’s will;
各盡其分 each one doing his part;
盡其所長 give of one’s best;
盡其在我 do all in one’s power;
盡忠盡孝 be loyal to one’s country and filial to one’s parents;
盡情 jihn-chirng↓;
鞠躬盡瘁 spare no efforts for the good of the country;
盡節 (of a woman) die in defence of her honor, (of a government official) die for the country;
盡義務 do one’s duties, do s.t. without pay;
盡職 faithfully carry out one’s duties;
好話說盡，壞事做盡 a sinner under the guise of a saint;
花盡了身上的錢 spent every cent in one’s pocket;
用盡 consumed everything;
出盡全力 made all-out efforts.

Adv. To the highest degree or the utmost limit: 盡善盡美 the best there is, it’s perfection itself;
至矣盡矣 the utmost perfection;
仁至義盡 have done everything in one’s heart and in one’s duty.

Words 1. 盡情 jihn-chirng, adv., all, fully: 盡情告訴 tell all.
2. 盡皆 jihn-jie, adv., one and all, without a single exception.
3. 盡忠 jihn-jung, v.i., (1) serve the country faithfully;
4. 盡忠 jihn-jung, v.i., (2) die for the country.
5. 盡量（兒） jihn-liahng(’l), adv., to the best of one’s ability.
6. 盡力 jihn-lih, v.i. & adv., do one’s utmost, give of one’s best;
7. 盡力 jihn-lih, v.i. & adv., wholeheartedly.
8. 盡命 jihn-mihng, adv., to one’s utmost.
9. 盡日 jihn-ryh, adv., all day long, the whole day.
10. 盡孝 jihn-shiauh, v.i., be filial to one’s parents.
11. 盡性 jihn-shihng¹, v.i., fulfill one’s nature.
12. 盡興 jihn-shihng², v.i., do s.t. to heart’s content.
13. 盡心 jihn-shin, adv., with all one’s heart, soul.
14. 盡數 jihn-shuh, adv., the whole amount hence, inclusively.
15. 盡頭 jihn-tour, n., the very end.
16. 盡意 jihn-yih, v.i., (1) give full expression to one’s views;
17. 盡意 jihn-yih, v.i., (2) see jihn-chirng↑.

蠱 Num. Index: 22.30 guu .

N. & v.t. Poison, witchcraft, see compp.↓.

Words 1. 蠱毒 guu-dur, (1) adj., poisonous;
2. 蠱毒 guu-dur, (2) n., a mixture of poisonous insects (snakes, spiders, etc.), used in herb medicine.
3. 蠱惑 guu-huoh, v.t., seduce to wrong doing: 蠱惑人心 spread false doctrines to undermine the people’s morale.
4. 蠱疾 guu-jir, n., a condition caused by excessive sexual activities.

鑿 Num. Index: 22.30 tzuoh (sp. pr. *tzaur ).

N. (1) A chisel: 鑿子 tzuoh-tz↓.
(2) A socket, mortise: 鑿枘 tzuoh-rueih↓.

V.t. (1) To cut a hole in: 鑿孔，鑿個眼兒 ditto;
鑿木 to chisel wood;
鑿牙 knock out a person’s teeth;
鑿通 bore through;
鑿破 bore open;
鑿開 ditto.
(2) To polish (rice).
(3) As in 穿鑿附會 make a forced interpretation of text.

Adj. True, accurate, certain: 鑿鑿 tzuoh-tzuoh↓.

Words 1. 鑿氣 *tzaur-’chi, adj., stubborn, obstinate.
2. 鑿井 tzuoh-jiing, v.i., dig a well.
3. 鑿空 tzuoh-kung, v.i., (1) to open up holes;
4. 鑿空 tzuoh-kung, v.i., (2) to read more than what is meant: 穿鑿附（傳）會 make a forced interpretation of text.
5. 鑿木鳥 tzuoh-muh-niaau, n., the woodpecker (also wr. 啄木鳥).
6. 鑿坏 tzuoh-peir, v.i., dig a hole in the wall.
7. 鑿枘 tzuoh-rueih, (1) n., mortise and tenon;
8. 鑿枘 tzuoh-rueih, (2) adj., in compatible, ill-fitting (round peg in a square hole).
9. 鑿子 *tzaur-’tz, n., a chisel.
10. 鑿鑿 tzuoh-tzuoh, adj., (1) bright and clean: 白石鑿鑿 (AC) spotlessly clean are the white pebbles;
11. 鑿鑿 tzuoh-tzuoh, adj., (2) true, accurate: 言之鑿鑿 said to be indisputable, with definite evidence;
12. 鑿鑿 tzuoh-tzuoh, adj., 鑿鑿可據 certain and reliable, capable of being proved.

沓 Num. Index: 22.41 tah .

Adj. Confused;
see 沓雜 tah-tzar↓.

Words 1. 沓杯 tah-bei, n., set of cups, one inside another.
2. 沓沓 tah-tah, adj., (LL) garrulous;
3. 沓沓 tah-tah, adj., (of moving crowd) confusing, hurried.
4. 沓雜 tah-tzar, adj., confused, mixed.

書 Num. Index: 22.41 shu .

N. (1) A book: 圖書 books;
書評 shu-pirng↓;
盡信書不如無書（孟子） better not to read at all than to believe all one reads;
書上，書中 in the book or letter;
see compp.↓.
(2) A letter of correspondence: 書信，書札，書翰, etc., shu-shihn, shu-jar, shu-hahn↓;
書不盡言 (end of letter) there is more what I want to say but cannot.
(3) A certificate, document: 證書 ditto;
診斷書 doctor’s certificate of diagnosis;
證婚書，離婚書 marriage, divorce certificate;
文書 official documents;
說明書 note of instructions (on how to use appliance, medicine, etc.);
申請書 letter of application, etc.
(4) Script, style of callig.: 書畫 calligraphy and painting;
楷書 regular, formal style of script;
草書 rapid, cursive style;
行書 running script (halfway between 楷 and 草);
隸書，八分書 Hahn Dyn. script;
篆書 seal script;
書法 shu-faa↓.
(5) Storytelling in teahouse, such book for storytelling: 說書，大鼓書 ditto.

V.t. To write: 書寫 shu-shiee↓;
書此為誌 I write this as a memorial;
書丹 shu-dan↓;
書春 to wirte New Year couplets.

Words 1. 書案 shu-ahn, n., writing desk.
2. 書辦 shu-’ban, n., formerly, clerk in government office.
3. 書包 shu-bau, n., a schoolboy’s satchel.
4. 書本（兒） shu-been(shu-bee-’l), n., a volume, a book.
5. 書㪫 shu-chaang, n., teahouse where there is professional storytelling.
6. 書差 shu-chai, n., see shu-’ban↑.
7. 書城 shu-cherng, n., a library with books on all sides.
8. 書簽（兒） shu-chian(shu-chia-’l), n., (1) a book mark;
9. 書簽（兒） shu-chian(shu-chia-’l), n., (2) book label pasted on cover.
10. 書篋 shu-chieh, n., case or trunk containing books, cf. shu-chur, shu-jiah↓.
11. 書契 shu-chih, n., (1) (LL) art or invention of writing;
12. 書契 shu-chih, n., (2) commercial papers.
13. 書啟 shu-chii, n., a piece of correspondence.
14. 書廚 shu-chur, n., a bookcase;
15. 書廚 shu-chur, n., (facet.) a person who reads but does not digest reading.
16. 書癡 shu-chy, n., a bookworm, see shu-dai-tz↓.
17. 書獃子 shu-dai-tz, n., a bookworm.
18. 書丹 shu-dan, v.i., to write (with red ink) for stone inscription.
19. 書店 shu-diahn, n., a bookshop, bookstore.
20. 書底兒 shu-diee-’l, n., extent of one’s reading, literary background.
21. 書蠹 shu-duh, n., a bookworm, see shu-dai-tz↑.
22. 書牘 shu-dur, n., official correspondence.
23. 書法 shu-faa, n., art and practice of callig.
24. 書坊 shu-fang, n., a bookshop, esp. old style.
25. 書房 shu-farng, n., one’s study, library.
26. 書□子 shu-ger-’tz, n., a simple bookcase without panels.
27. 書館 shu-guaan, n., (1) a private school held at home;
28. 書館 shu-guaan, n., (2) formerly, a bookshop;
29. 書館 shu-guaan, n., 書館兒 a teahouse with professional story telling (說書).
30. 書櫃 shu-gueih, n., book cabinet.
31. 書翰 shu-hahn, n., (LL) letter of correspondence.
32. 書函 shu-harn, n., (1) ditto;
33. 書函 shu-harn, n., (2) formerly, sack for letters.
34. 書後 shu-houh, n., a postscript, remarks on reading a certain piece of writing.
35. 書狀 shu-jahng, n., written petitions or written statements.
36. 書齋 shu-jai, n., a scholar’s study, studio.
37. 書札 shu-jar, n., correspondence, letters.
38. 書跡 shu-ji, n., personal handwriting.
39. 書家 shu-jia, n., a calligraphist.
40. 書柬（書□） shu-jiaan, n., (LL) a letter.
41. 書架（子） shu-jiah(tz), n., bookcase.
42. 書記 shu-jih, n., a secretary;
43. 書記 shu-jih, n., (LL) official recorder;
44. 書記 shu-jih, n., (AC) records.
45. 書籍 shu-jir, n., books in gen.
46. 書傳 shu-juahn, n., (AC) books and records;
47. 書傳 shu-juahn, n., commentary on 尚書 an anc. classic.
48. 書桌（兒） shu-juo(’l), n., desk.
49. 書帙 shu-jyh, n., casing of books.
50. 書卷 shu-jyuahn, n., book, esp. in anc. form of a scroll: 書卷氣 phr., (of painting, person) air of cultivated refinement.
51. 書局 shu-jyur, n., a publisher, book company.
52. 書口 shu-koou, n., book margin, usu. containing page number.
53. 書扣子 shu-kouh-tz, n., a critical point in story where the storyteller stops (to collect more cash from listeners).
54. 書庫 shu-kuh, n., a vault for books;
55. 書庫 shu-kuh, n., a big book collection.
56. 書空 shu-kung, phr., 咄咄書空 (allu.) make futile gestures in space—in exasperation or frustration.
57. 書吏 shu-lih, n., formerly, government clerk.
58. 書林 shu-lirn, n., (LL) “forest of books”－a world of books.
59. 書簏 shu-luh, n., wastebasket;
60. 書簏 shu-luh, n., (facet.) person who reads but does not understand.
61. 書眉 shu-meir, n., upper page margin.
62. 書面 shu-miahn, n., a written note, which serves as “memo” of an interview.
63. 書目 shu-muh, n., bibliography, catalogue of books.
64. 書腦 shu-naau, n., the book back, the spine of the binding.
65. 書判 shu-pahn, n., the verdict.
66. 書皮（兒） shu-pir (shu-pie-’l), n., book cover.
67. 書評 shu-pirng, n., book review.
68. 書舖 shu-puh, n., a bookshop.
69. 書生 shu-sheng, n., a student o scholar: 白面書生 scholar inexperienced in affairs of business.
70. 書香 shu-shiang, n., “fragrance of books”－surrounding or family of scholars: 書香子弟 children from a scholarly family;
71. 書香 shu-shiang, n., 世代書香 family of scholars for generations.
72. 書寫 shu-shiee, v.i. & t., to write.
73. 書信 shu-shihn, n., a letter, correspondence.
74. 書手 shu-shoou (shu-’shou), n., copyist, amanuensis.
75. 書肆 shu-syh, n., (LL) bookshop.
76. 書攤（兒）（子） shu-tan(shu-ta-’l)(tz), n., a bookstall.
77. 書套 shu-tauh, n., cardboard casing for books.
78. 書體 shu-tii, n., style of callig.
79. 書題 shu-tir, n., title or label of a book.
80. 書冊 shu-tseh¹, n., books in gen.
81. 書策 shu-tseh², n., books (anciently written on bamboo strips, also called □策).
82. 書僮 shu-turng, n., a boy serving in scholar’s study.
83. 書筒 shu-tuung, n., formerly, envelope.
84. 書帷 shu-weir, n., “a curtain of books” surrounding a teacher;
85. 書帷 shu-weir, n., heaps of books in which a scholar buries himself.
86. 書業 shu-yeh, n., the book trade.
87. 書衣 shu-yi, n., see shu-tauh↑.
88. 書役 shu-yih, see shu-bahn↑.
89. 書院 shu-yuahn, n., a college.

嘗 Num. Index: 22.41 charng .

V.t. (1) To taste (also vulg. 嚐): 嘗一嘗 have a taste of food;
嘗味道 taste the flavor;
嘗新 taste fruit, fish that is just in season;
甘苦共嘗 to taste joys and hardships together;
臥薪嘗膽 (allu.) the King of Yueh (越王勾踐) slept on firewood for mattress and had a gall hung over his bed to remind him of the bitterness (gall) of his defeat and prepare for a comeback.
(2) To try: 嘗試 charng-shyh↓.

Aux. vb. Have, have once, had been: 嘗聞 I have heard that;
嘗思 I have thought;
未嘗 have never: 未嘗見他 have never seen him;
未嘗不可，未嘗不是 double negative used as polite positive: 未嘗不可 it’s not impossible=it may be;
未嘗不是辦法 it’s not a bad way: it is a good way;
何嘗 did it ever, did I ever=never—a rhetorical interrogative form, but same meaning as 未嘗;
何嘗不可 why impossible?=of course possible.

Words 1. 嘗試 charng-shyh, n. & v.i., a trial, have a trial of s.t.

□ Num. Index: 22.41 charng . [Var. of 嘗 22.41↑]

省 Num. Index: 22.41 sheeng (*shiing ).

N. (1) A province: 行省 ditto;
省政府 provincial government;
省長，省主席 provincial governor;
省治 sheeng-jyh↓;
省轄 under provincial administration;
省城，省會，省垣 sheeng-cherng, sheeng-hueih, sheeng-yuarn↓;
省議會 provincial assembly;
省議員 member of above;
省立 founded by provincial government.
(2) Formerly, a department of government, as 中書省 (Tarng Dyn.) the cabinet.

V.t. (1) To economize, save (time, money, trouble): 省得 sheeng-’de↓;
省不少麻煩 save a lot of trouble;
省減 sheeng-jiaan¹↓;
省略 sheeng-lyueh↓;
省事 sheeng-shyh↓;
省不下，省不了 cannot spare or go without;
省不了多少錢 does not save much expense;
省吃儉用 to save money on food and expenses.
(2) (*shiing) To examine critically: 省察，省視 *shiing-char, *shiing-shyh↓;
內省，反省，自省 to search oneself for mistakes;
三省吾身 (AC) examine myself three times a day.
(3) (*shiing) To visit: 晨昏定省 attend to parents’ comfort on getting up and putting to bed;
hence 省親 to visit parents and see how they are;
省墓，省墳 visit relative’s grave.
(4) To be conscious: 不省人事 become unconscious, in a state of coma.

Adj. Economical: 儉省 ditto.

Words 1. 省察 *shiing-char, v.t., to inspect, review for mistake (an administration), watch (person’s conduct);
2. 省察 *shiing-char, v.t., to introspect.
3. 省城 sheeng-cherng, n., provincial capital.
4. 省錢 sheeng-chiarn, v.i., to save.
5. 省卻 sheeng-chyueh, v.t., to drop, omit (item), save (trouble, time).
6. 省得 sheeng-’de, v.i., be saved from (the trouble, expense).
7. 省分 sheeng-’fen, n., a province.
8. 省會 sheeng-hueih, (1) n., provincial capital;
9. 省會 sheeng-hueih, (2) (*shiing-hueih) v.i. & t., to understand;
10. 省會 sheeng-hueih, v.i. &t., (MC) to give instructions.
11. 省減 sherng-jiaan¹, v.t., to reduce (expenses, work).
12. 省儉 sherng-jiaan², adj., economical in spending money.
13. 省治 sheeng-jyh, adj., provincial capital.
14. 省力 sheeng-lih, v.i., save energy;
15. 省力 sheeng-lih, adj. labor-saving.
16. 省略 sheeng-lyueh, (1) v.t., cut off;
17. 省略 sheeng-lyueh, v.t., delete (passage);
18. 省略 sheeng-lyueh, (2) adj., very brief.
19. 省下 sheeng-shiah, v.t., to save up (so much money, time).
20. 省心 sheeng-shin, v.i., save a lot of bother.
21. 省事 sheeng-shyh, adj., (1) convenient, saving energy, trouble;
22. 省事 (2) (*shiing-shyh) adj., knowing how to behave, tactful.
23. 省視 *shiing-shyh, v.t., to inspect (area, school, etc.).
24. 省悟 *shiing-wuh, v.i., to wake up, to realize (also wr. 醒悟).
25. 省油燈 sheeng-your-deng, n., (slang) a man who causes the least trouble (“save-oil lamp”).
26. 省垣 sheeng-yuarn, n., provincial capital.

瞥 Num. Index: 22.41 pie . [Usu. wr. 瞥]

N. A wink, extremely short time, quick glance.

V.t. Glance quickly, catch sight of.

Words 1. 瞥地 piei-dih, adv., (MC) suddenly.
2. 瞥見 pie-jiahn, v.t., suddenly see, catch sight of.
3. 瞥然 pie-rarn, adv., suddenly.
4. 瞥眼 pie-yaan, n., extremely short time: 瞥眼過去 pass by quickly (like winking).

當 Num. Index: 22.41 dang (*dahng , *daang ). [Abbr. □]

N. (*dahng) (1) Trap, trick: 勾當 (contempt.) business;
上當 fall into trap.
(2) Pawn: 贖當 redeem pawn ticket;
當當 (dahng-dahng) to pawn object.

Aux.vb. Ought, should: usu. 該當，應當 ought, should;
罪當死 should die for crime;
早晨當起來 one should get up in the morning;
不當改期 should not postpone date;
should in subjunctive use: 當已 should already have (arrived, etc.);
當會 should be able to ;
當必 should certainly;
當即 should then;
合當 should, it is proper that;
當斷不斷 fail to act when one should.

V.i. & t. (1) To fill an office, carry duty, bear: 當（擔當）責任 bear responsibility;
當不起，不了，不得 be not worthy to;
不敢當 you do me too much honor (regular answer to compliment);
當之無愧 to merit the reward, to be deserving;
承當 take up (responsibility);
serve in capacity: 當兵 serve as soldier;
當差 as messenger, on errand;
當娼 be prostitute;
當班，當值 be on duty.
(2) Be in charge of: 當國 be in charge of country’s affairs (e.g., prime minister);
當家，當局，當權 dang-jia, dang-jyur, dang-chyuarn↓.
(3) Meet, face, match: 當風 face the wind;
當太陽 exposed to the sun;
當…之時, see Prep.↓;
當仁不讓 in good causes do not lag behind;
豺狼當道 wolf stands astride road, (fig.) bad person in power;
銳不可當 army’s attacking power cannot be checked.
(4) (Also *dahng) regard as, take (s.t.) for something else: 當為上帝 regard (s.o.) as God;
（不）當正經一回事 regard or fail to regard it as serious business;
當玩，當做玩，當玩意兒，當耍兒 regard as a game, not seriously;
當真 dang-jen↓;
當耳旁風 take advice like passing wind;
死馬當活馬醫 try last resort to save hopeless situation;
當某字解 regard certain character as another character in meaning.
(5) (*dahng) To pawn: 當東西 pawn object.
(6) (*daang) Thought: 我當是誰，原來是你 it is you, I thought it was somebody else;
你當我是誰 whom did you take me for?

Adj. (1) (dang, *dahng) That very (day, year), the same (day, etc.), that, then: 當天 that very day;
當日 that same day, in those days;
當夜，當夕 that night;
當年 that year;
當時 at that time;
當初，當代，當今，當世 dang-chu, dang-daih, dang-jin, dang-shyh↓.
(2) (dang) Equal: 相當 equal to, corresponding to;
門當戶對 (of betrothal) two families match in social status.
(3) (*dahng) Fit, proper: 穩當 safe;
妥當，適當 appropriate;
不當 not appropriate;
的當，甚當 very appropriate.

Prep. (dang) At, in front of: 當…之時 at the time of ;
當先，當後 at the front, at the rear;
當中 at the middle;
當㪫 right on the spot;
當（幵）眾人（面前） in front of everybody;
當眾宣布 announce in public;
當堂畫押 sign affidavit during court session;
當官 before the judge;
當面商量 discuss face to face;
當頭棒喝 (Budd.) give sharp advice for one to wake up from error;
當機立斷 decide on the moment, on the spot.

Words 1. 當差的 dang-chai-’de, n., employee of the servant class.
2. 當戧 *daang-chiahng, adj., useful, practicable.
3. 當初 dang-chu, adv., at the beginning, in days past.
4. 當權 dang-chyuarn, v.i., be in power.
5. 當代 dang-daih, adj., contemporary: 當代音樂 contemporary music.
6. 當道 dang-dauh, n. & v.i., those in power;
7. 當道 dang-dauh, n. & v.i., be in power;
8. 當道 dang-dauh, n. & v.i., block the road.
9. 當店 *dahng-diahn, n., pawnshop.
10. 當關 dang-guan, n., (officer) in charge of strategic pass.
11. 當歸 dang-guei, n., (bot.) an aromatic herb, Ligusticum acutilobum, root of which being usu. used as med.
12. 當真 dang-jen (*dahng-jen), (1) v.i., take seriously: 這事不可太當真 don’t take this too seriously;
13. 當真 (2) (dang-jen) adv., really: 他當真走了 he is really gone.
14. 當家 dang-jia, v.i., take charge of household affairs;
15. 當家 dang-jia, v.i., 當家的 n., master or mistress of house;
16. 當家 dang-jia, v.i., (coll.) wife’s reference to husband;
17. 當家 dang-jia, v.i., business manager of monastery;
18. 當家 dang-jia, v.i., 當家婆婆，媳歸 mother-, daughter-in-law in charge of household;
19. 當家 dang-jia, v.i., 當家（兒）（子） *dahng-jia(’l)(-tz), person of same clan.
20. 當今 dang-jin, adv., nowadays.
21. 當軸 dang-jour, n., person in power.
22. 當中 dang-jung, n. & adj., middle, in the middle.
23. 當局 dang-jyur, n., authorities (of school, town, government, etc.): 當局者迷 those closely involved cannot see as clearly as those outside.
24. 當口（兒） dang-’koou(’l), n., just at the moment.
25. 當兒 dang-’l, n., ditto.
26. 當量 dang-liahng, n., (chem.) equivalent.
27. 當路 dang-luh, n., see dang-dauh↑.
28. 當罏 dang-lur, n., sell wine, be wine attendant for warming up wine, also wr. 盧，壚.
29. 當面 dang-miahn, adv., (order, instruct, communicate) directly, in person.
30. 當票 *dahng-piauh, n., pawn ticket.
31. 當舖 *dahng-puh, n., pawnshop.
32. 當然 dang-rarn, adv., of course.
33. 當心 dang-shin, adj. & adv., careful, -ly;
34. 當心 dang-shin, adj. & adv., n., center of chest.
35. 當世 dang-shyh, n., contemporary.
36. 當事人 dang-shyh-rern, n., person in change, parties to a quarrel or lawsuit.
37. 當時 dang-shyr, adv., at that time.
38. 當選 dang-shyuaan, v.i., be elected.
39. 當頭人 dang-tour-rern, n., (coll.) wife’s reference to husband as head of family.
40. 當槽兒的 dang-tsaur-’l-de, n., (dial.) waiter at restaurant.

由 Num. Index: 22.41 your .

N. Reason: 原由，理由 ditto;
事由 story or course of events;
情由 reason, how s.t. happened;
根由 basic cause.

V.t. To let: 由他去 let him do what he likes;
由性兒 your-shihng-’l;
心不由主 lose mental control;
由不得 your-’bu-’de↓, 笑罵由他笑罵 let them talk and criticize all they like.

Prep. From: 由乎，由於 from;
由於何因 from what cause? 因此，由是 your-tsyy, your-shyh↓;
由何而起 whence arises this? 由近而遠 from the close-by examples to those far off;
由淺入深 proceed from the simple to the more complex;
經由 via.

Words 1. 由不得 your-’bu-’de, adv., (1) in spite of oneself: 由不得大笑起 could not help laughing out loud;
2. 由不得 your-’bu-’de, adv., (2) beyond one’s control: 這事由不得你 this is s.t. you cannot control.
3. 由打 your-daa, adv., since: 由打昨夜 since last night (it has been raining ,etc.).
4. 由衷 your-jung, adj., from the heart: 言不由衷 talk insincerely;
5. 由衷 your-jung, adj., 由衷之言 a talk straight from the heart.
6. 由兒 your-’l, n., (coll.) reason (=源由).
7. 由來 your-lair, (1) adv., for a long time;
8. 由來 your-lair, (2) n., a person’s past record or antecedents.
9. 由性（兒） your-shihng-’l, v.i., to be wilful.
10. 由是 your-shyh, adv., from this, hence: 由是可觀 one can see therefore.
11. 由頭（兒） your-’tour-’l, n., a pretext: 尋出由頭兒來 find a pretext.
12. 由此 your-tsyy, adv., hence, see your-shyh↑: 由此可見 thus it is seen that.
13. 由由 your-your, adj., (AC) natural, unaffected.

曲 Num. Index: 22.41 chyu (*chyuu ).

N. (*chyuu) (1) (chyuu-tz,’l) A song, esp. one sung on the stage;
歌曲 a song;
曲本，曲譜，曲牌，曲調 *chyuu-been, *chyuu-puu, *chyuu-pair, *chyuu-diauh↓;
作曲 compose melody for song;
度曲 to sing or play melody apart from reading words;
交響曲 symphony;
協奏曲 concerto;
圓舞曲 waltz;
輪旋曲 rondo;
搖籃曲 lullaby;
組曲 suite;
序曲 overture;
奏鳴曲 sonata;
小步舞曲 minuet;
小夜曲 serenade;
幻想曲 fantasia;
狂想曲 rhapsody;
前奏曲 prelude;
練習曲 etude;
進行曲 march;
流行曲 popular music.
(2) Drama, opera: 戲曲 drama;
宋元戲曲 Suhng and Yuarn drama;
元曲 Yuarn drama (where the songs are the essential parts);
崑曲 Kunshan drama;
北曲，南曲 northern, southern forms of drama;
雜曲 popular songs, esp. those sung for public entertainment.
(3) A nook, recess: 河曲 bend of river;
鄉曲 small town, remote from cities;
鄉曲之士 village schoolmaster;
心曲，衷曲 inner recesses of the heart;
委曲 a sense of being wronged, usu. not expressed.
(4) Private in army: 部曲 rank and file of soldiers.
(5) A surname.

Adj. (1) Bent, twisted, curving: 曲曲彎彎，曲况拐彎兒 twisting along (alley, etc.);
曲線 chyu-shiahn↓;
曲突徙薪 clear up corner of firewoods to prevent fire－take precautionary measures;
曲水 a hidden recess on water;
曲徑通幽 (Chin. architecture) a small path opens up on an enchanting view.
(2) Not right, wrong: 曲直，曲解，曲庇 chyu-jyr, chyu-jiee, chyu-bih↓.
(3) In a roundabout way, by special effort: 委曲求全 save the situation by some concessions;
曲全其意 to yield and enable his goal to be achieved;
曲庇，曲成，曲赦 chyu-bih, chyu-cherng, chyu-sheh↓.

Words 1. 曲本 *chyur-been, n., libretto, opera text.
2. 曲庇 chyu-bih, v.t., specially protect, be partial to (s.o.).
3. 曲筆 chyu-bii, v.i., (1) (LL) to gloss over (person’s faults), esp. in history writing;
4. 曲筆 chyu-bii, v.i., to hint merely at (unsavory facts);
5. 曲筆 chyu-bii, v.i., (2) to distort laws or their interpretation.
6. 曲簿 chyu-bor, n., bamboo frame for cultivating silkworms where silk cocoons are spun.
7. 曲成 chyu-cherng, v.t., to help completion (of a good cause), help a lovers’ union.
8. 曲全 chyu-chyuarn, v.i., make special effort to bring about realization (of plan, goal, etc.).
9. 曲尺 chyu-chyy, n., carpenter’s square.
10. 曲調 *chyuu-diauh, n., melody of song.
11. 曲度 chyu-duh, n., (math.) curvature.
12. 曲拐 chyu-guaai, n., a crank (in machine).
13. 曲折 chyu-jer, n., (1) ups and downs in course of events;
14. 曲折 chyu-jer, n., (2) turns and twists of affairs
15. 曲解 chyu-jiee, v.t., to misinterpret, to force a wrong interpretation.
16. 曲謹 chyu-jiin, adj., fastidious on details.
17. 曲直 chyu-jyr, n., the right and wrong (of a case).
18. 曲領 chyu-liing, n., (MC) round collar.
19. 曲率 chyu-lyuh, n., (math.) curvature.
20. 曲面 chyu-miahn, n., (math.) curved face.
21. 曲撓 chyu-naur, v.t., (p.p.) wrongly blamed.
22. 曲牌 *chyuu-pair, n., name of song or operatic selection on program.
23. 曲譜 *chyur-puu, n., music notation for songs.
24. 曲憁 chyu-shahn (re. pr. also *chyur-shahn), n., (AC) earthworm.
25. 曲赦 chyu-sheh, v.t., pardon by special decree.
26. 曲線 chyu-shiahn, n., (1) (math.) a curves;
27. 曲線 chyu-shiahn, n., (2) curve esp. of feminine body: 曲線美 beautiful curve;
28. 曲線 chyu-shiahn, n., 曲線板 a curved ruler used by draftsmen.
29. 曲說 chyu-shuo, n., a biassed or forced opinion.
30. 曲士 chyu-shyh¹, n., (AC) a philistine, shallow scholar.
31. 曲室 chyu-shyh², n., (AC) a den or conclave, room for discussion in secret.
32. 曲學 chyu-shyuer, n., heretical school, esoteric teachings.
33. 曲意 chyu-yih¹, adv., by special or roundabout methods: 曲意求全 make special allowances or concessions to save a situation.
34. 曲藝 chyu-yih², n., the musical arts (of singing, dancing).
35. 曲踊 chyu-yuung, v.i., (AC) jump up and down in folk dances.

肖 Num. Index: 22.42 shiauh . [Usu. wr. 肖]

V.t. & adj. (1) To resemble: 微肖 be somewhat like;
酷肖 strikingly resemble;
畢肖 (of description, portrayal) completely true to life.
(2) Be a good son (lit., like parents): 肖子 a filial son;
不肖 n. & adj., bad, a bad son;
opp. to 賢 wise: 賢不肖 the wise and the wicked (here intellectual and moral qualities are equated);
不肖子弟 the depraved younger generation.

Words 1. 肖像 shiauh-shiahng, n., a portrait.
2. 肖似 shiauh-syh, adj. & v.t., to resemble, (be) like (person, object).
3. 肖子 shiauh-tzyh, n., a filial son, a good son, see V.t. 2↑.

冑 Num. Index: 22.42 jouh .

N. (1) Armor.
(2) (AC) progeny.

Words 1. 冑子 jouh-tzyy, n., (AC) children, descendants.
2. 冑裔 jouh-yih, n., distant progeny.

冉 Num. Index: 22.42 raan .

N. A surname.

Adv. Little by little, gradually: 冉冉 raan-raan↓;
冉冉上升 go (soar) up slowly;
光陰冉冉 time passes imperceptibly.

Words 1. 冉冉 rarn-raan, adj. & adv., (1) gradual(ly), imperceptible(ly): 老冉冉其將至兮 it seems old age is slowly catching up with me;
2. 冉冉 rarn-raan, adj. & adv., (2) (of trees) drooping, hanging downwards;
3. 冉冉 rarn-raan, adj. & adv., (3) (of clouds) floating about.
4. 冉弱 raan-ruoh, adj., (of plants) drooping (also 苒弱).

背 Num. Index: 22.42 beih (*bei in many vb. senses, carry on the back). [Var. 悖 in sense of recalcitrant]

N. Body’s back, back side: 刀背（兒） back side of knife;
椅背，靠背 chair back, back cushion;
書背 book back;
鏡背 back of mirror;
駝^背 hunchback 51B.70;
背後 beih-houh↓;
人心之向背 the direction (向 or 背) in which people feel toward this or that regime.

V.i & t. (1) (*bei) To carry (burden) on back: 背不動 cannot carry it on back;
背幵僡袋 carrying a hemp sack on back.
(2) Turn back on, with back facing, in shadow of, in secret: 背幵人，背人 secretly, without being seen;
背眼兒的地方 where one cannot be seen;
背花陰 in the shadow of flower bush;
背山面水 (of house) fronting water and with hill on the back;
背城借一 make one last stand before the city wall;
背水為陣 fighting with back to river.
(3) Repeat, commit to memory: 能背幵 can repeat (whole passage) from memory, (from former custom of turning back on book on teacher’s desk during individual recitation);
背不出來 cannot recite;
背書 beih-shu↓.
(4) Turn back on treaty, promise: 背約 break treaty;
背卻前言 break one’s word;
背盟棄信 violate treaty;
背主 disloyal to master.
(5) Abandon: see 背棄 beih-chih↓.
(6) Euphem. for parents’ death: 父母見背 bereaved (saw back) of parents.
(7) To faint, fall unconscious (背過氣了).

Adj. & adv. (1) On reverse side: 背面 reverse;
背後 behind;
背後有人 some one behind you;
背馳，背道而馳 run in opposite directions, draw further apart.
(2) Unlucky: 背時，背運 unlucky times, fate.

Words 1. 背榜 *bei-baang, v.i., be the last name on list of candidates (“bring up the rear”).
2. 背包 *bei-bau, n., package carried on back.
3. 背部 beih-buh, n., the back (of house, body, etc.).
4. 背棄 beih-chih, v.t., abandon (family, etc.).
5. 背褡 beih-da, n., vest.
6. 背帶 beih-daih, n., suspenders.
7. 背道 beih-dauh, n., back path, also 背道而馳, see Adv. 1↑.
8. 背負 beih-fuh, v.t., carry on the back (load, responsibility).
9. 背旮旯（兒）（子） beih-ga-lar(’l)(’tz), n., a quiet, hidden corner.
10. 背黑鍋 *bei-hei-guo, v.i., to take the blame for others.
11. 背後 beih-houh, n., back: 在背後 at the back, behind;
12. 背後 beih-houh, n., 山背後 the back side of the mountain.
13. 背花 beih-hua, n., game of rolling spears on back;
14. 背花 beih-hua, n., marks of lashing on back.
15. 背剪 beih-jiaan, v.i., hands tied on back: 背剪綁了 so tied.
16. 背脊（梁） beih-jii(liarng), n., the spine.
17. 背景 beih-jiing, n., background (of story, scene, politics);
18. 背景 beih-jiing, n., social connections: 有背景 has some person backing up;
19. 背景 beih-jiing, n., back drop of plays.
20. 背拉 *bei-’la, v.i., mix, beat (egg) to make even.
21. 背累 beih-’leih, n., financial burdens.
22. 背囊 beih-narng, n., knapsack.
23. 背叛 beih-pahn, v.i. & t. & n., to rebel against;
24. 背叛 beih-pahn, v.i. & t. & n., rebellion.
25. 背信 beih-shihn, v.i., break one’s word.
26. 背心（兒） beih-shin(beih-shie-’l), n., vest.
27. 背手 beih-shoou, v.i., (also 背幵手) hands at the back (as in stroll).
28. 背書 beih-shu, v.i., (1) recite lesson from memory;
29. 背書 beih-shu, v.i., (2) endorse (check).
30. 背誦 beih-suhng, v.i. & t., recite from memory.
31. 背錯（兒） *bei-tsuoh(’l), v.i., bear blame for others.
32. 背子 beih-tz, n., (1) stiffening material at back as 紙背子 card board stiffening;
33. 背子 (2) (*bei-tz) n., stack for carrying burden on back.
34. 背字（兒） beih-tzyh(beih-tzeh-’l), n., bad luck.
35. 背椅 beih-yii, n., chair with back.
36. 背陰（兒） beih-yin(beih-yie-’l), phr., in the shade.
37. 背泳 beih-yuung, n., (swimming) backstroke.

尚 Num. Index: 22.42 shahng .

N. A surname.

V.t. (1) To value highly: 尚年，尚齒 to honor old age;
尚賢 to place high value on good and wise men in government.
(2) (LL) 尚公主 to marry a princess.

Adv. (1) Yet, still: (vern.) 尚且 shahng-chiee↓;
尚有不少 still many are left;
事尚未成 affair still not yet settled;
尚來得及 still time to do it;
尚未娶 still unmarried;
尚何言哉 what more can one say?
(2) Fairly, rather: 尚可 can do fairly;
尚不錯 (=vern. 還不錯) not bad, fair.
(3) In court. phr., respectfully (=上): 尚希，尚祈 I hope or pray;
尚饗 shahng-shiaang↓.
(4) (LL) a long time: 由來尚矣 has been like this for a long time.

Conj. Even: 衣食尚不足，何論其他 one has not even enough to live on, let alone other things.

Words 1. 尚且 shahng-chiee, adv. & conj., vern. for 尚, even, still, yet, see Adv.↑.
2. 尚絅 shahng-jyuung, phr., 衣錦尚絅 (AC) put on outer garment on top of silk dress.
3. 尚然 shahng-rarn, adv., still yet, see shahng-chiee↑.
4. 尚饗 shahng-shiaang, phr., (at end of sacrificial prayer) may you taste of this offer.
5. 尚書 Shang-shu, n., (1) The book of History, also called 書經 Shu-Ching;
6. 尚書 Shang-shu, n., (2) (AC, MC) high-ranking official, minister.
7. 尚自 shahng-tzyh, adv., see shahng-chiee↑.
8. 尚友 shahng-yoou, phr., (AC) to regard the ancient authors as friends and try to understand them as persons (Mencius).
9. 尚猶 shahng-your, adv., still, yet: 尚猶力弱 still weak, see shahng-chiee↑.

黹 Num. Index: 22.42 jyy .

N. & v.i. Embroidery;
embroider: 鍼黹 needlework.

劣 Num. Index: 22.50 lieh .

Adj. (1) Inferior: 劣等 lieh-deeng↓;
定優劣 to grade (persons, things), superior or inferior;
優勝劣敗 survival of the fittest;
劣貨 inferior quality goods;
劣品 inferior goods, art or person;
劣馬 a nag.
(2) Bad: 惡劣，卑劣，鄙劣 bad, mean, despicable (conduct, character).
(3) Court. in self-reference: 劣兄 my stupid brother.

Words 1. 劣巴 lieh-’ba, adj., (coll.) green, amateur, inexperienced (also wr. 力巴，劣把), 劣巴頭 a green horn.
2. 劣等 lieh-deeng, n. & adj., inferior quality: 劣等貨色（人才） goods (men) of inferior quality.
3. 劣根性 lieh-gen-shihng, n., innate wickedness.
4. 劣跡 lieh-ji, n., notorious past, record.
5. 劣紳 lieh-shen, n., esp. in 土豪劣紳 local rich and gentry who prey upon the people.

彆 Num. Index: 22.50 bieh . [Cf. 憋 bie , 22.72]

Words 1. 彆氣 bieh-chih, adj., silently resentful, depressed.
2. 彆扭 bieh-’nioou, adj., (1) depressed: 心况彆扭 feel all wrong;
3. 彆扭 bieh-’nioou, adj., (2) not smooth, ungainly (of art work, writing, etc.);
4. 彆扭 bieh-’nioou, adj., (3) 鬧彆扭 begin to bicker, taunt each other, etc. (also wr. 憋扭).

翡 Num. Index: 22.50 feei .

Words 1. 翡翠 feei-tsueih, n., (1) (bot.) kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda;
2. 翡翠 feei-tsueih, n., (2) jadeite.

黨 Num. Index: 22.63 daang . [Pop. 党]

N. (1) Political party, clique, coterie: 政黨 political party;
以黨治國 rule by political party;
革命黨，國民黨 revolutionary party, the Kuomintang;
朋黨，朋黨之爭 political cliques in Hahn and Suhng Dyns.;
黨爭 political fights, see 黨錮 daang-guh↓.
(2) Relatives: 父黨，母黨 (AC) father’s, mother’s relatives.
(3) A surname.

V.t. To band together, shield: 黨同伐異 have sectional, sectarian, controversies.

Words 1. 黨綱 daang-gang, n., party program, organization or discipline.
2. 黨錮 daang-guh, n., bitter party fights, esp. Hahn Dyn.
3. 黨籍 daang-jir, n., party membership.
4. 黨魁 daang-kueir, n., party leader, bandit chief.
5. 黨派 daang-paih, n., parties or cliques.
6. 黨人 daang-rern, n., member of political party, partisan.
7. 黨員 daang-yuarn, n., party member.
8. 黨羽 darng-yuu, n., underlings;
9. 黨羽 darng-yuu, n., members of thieves’ gangs.

鱉 Num. Index: 22.63 bie . [Var. of □ 22.70]

北 Num. Index: 22.70 beei (*boh , *beih ).

N. & adj. The north, northern: 北面 the northern side;
北部，北方，北邊 the northern part;
華北 North China;
塞北 Saih-beei, Mongolian region;
北門鎖鑰 strategic key to the north;
山東以北 north from Shantung;
北半球 Northern Hemisphere;
北雁南飛 the northern goose flies south.

V.i. (1) (*beih) (AC) 分北三苗 divide the Three Miao tribes.
(2) (*boh) (AC) 士無反北之心 soldiers do not turn rebellious (=背).

Adv. (1) Northward: 北上 go up north, similarly 北征 campaign in the north;
北狩 (of king) make hunting trip in the north, also (of king) visit the north;
北奔 escape north.
(2) Defeated: 敗北.
(3) Facing north: 北面稱臣 (beei) or (*boh) (AC) make obeisance as vassal to king whose throne always faces south (南面).

Words 1. 北朝 beei-chaur, n., The Northern Dyns. (396-581 A.D.) esp. 南北朝 The South and North Dyns.
2. 北闕 beei-chyueh, n., the emperor’s court (in the north).
3. 北大西洋公約組織 Beei-dah-Shi-yarng-Gung-yueh-Tzuu-jy, n., North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
4. 北道主人 beei-dauh-juu-rern, n., (LL) the host (=東道).
5. 北斗 beir-doou, n., North Star, the pol-estar.
6. 北伐 beei-far, n. & v.i., the Northern Expedition;
7. 北伐 beei-far, n. & v.i., to fight north.
8. 北瓜 beei-gua, n., a kind of melon.
9. 北回歸線 beei-hueir-guei-shiahn, n., northern latitude 23.51°, line of summer solstice.
10. 北京 Beei-jing, n., usu. called Peking (now 北平);
11. 北京 Beei-jing, n., 北京人 Peking man (anthropology).
12. 北極 Beei-jir, n., the North Pole, the Arctic;
13. 北極 Beei-jir, n., 北極圈 Beei-jir-chyuan, Arctic circle;
14. 北極 Beei-jir, n., 北極海 Beei-jir-haai, the Arctic sea;
15. 北極 Beei-jir, n., 北極光 Beei-jir-guang, aurora borealis;
16. 北極 Beei-jir, n., 北極熊 Beei-jir-shiurng, the Polar bear.
17. 北至 beei-jyh, n., summer solstice.
18. 北里 beir-lii, n., (LL) red-light district.
19. 北美洲 Peir-Meei-jou, n., North America.
20. 北平 Beei-pirng, n., Peiping (Northern Peace), formerly, Peking (Northern Capital), cf. Nanking (Southern Capital).
21. 北緯 beir-weei, n., northern latitudes.
22. 北洋 Beei-yarng, n., as in 北洋軍閥 name of group of military governors dominating China for three decades until 1927.

兆 Num. Index: 22.70 jauh .

N. (1) An omen: 吉兆，凶兆 good, bad omen;
預兆 an omen, augury or foreshadowing;
兆域 jauh-yuh↓.
(2) A number: (a) (less common) one million, or (b) one billion;
億兆 indeterminate= “millions” or “milliards”;
兆民 the millions of people.
(3) A surname.

Words 1. 兆朕 jauh-jehn, n., omen, foreboding, augury.
2. 兆頭 jauh-’tou, n., ditto.
3. 兆域 jauh-yuh, n., (AC) grave site (determined by augury).

乜 Num. Index: 22.70 mie (*nieh ).

N. (1) (*nieh) A surname.
(2) (mie) (Cantonese) what?

Words 1. 乜斜 mie-’shie, v.i., to walk sideways;
2. 乜斜 mie-’shie, v.i., to glance sideways;
3. 乜斜 mie-’shie, v.i., 乜斜倦眼 narrow eyes into a slit;
4. 乜斜 mie-’shie, v.i., 乜乜斜斜 to amble.

也 Num. Index: 22.70 yee .

Fin. part. (1) (LL) indicating what s.t. is: 兵甲不多，非國之災也 not to have a strong army is not the real trouble for a nation;
oft. 者…也：仁者人也 rern is to be human;
義者宜也 yih means to be just;
sometimes=modn. 了：我去也 here I go!
(2) Indicating a caesura or break in mid-sentence: 夫子之至於是邦也，必聞其政 when the Master came to a country, he always tried to find out about its government;
古也，墓而不墳 in anc. days, a grave was made without a mound.

Adv. (1) Also: 你去，我也去 you go and I go, too;
我也要去 I want to go also;
不哭也不鬧 (child) neither cries nor makes any trouble;
也就 and so;
也曾 also had;
也有 there also is;
也有道理 also is reasonable;
再也休提 don’t mention it again.
(2) Used in sentence beginning, like Eng. “might as well”: 也罷 might as well call it off, or let it be! 也行，也好 all right (I agree).

Words 1. 也麼哥 yee-mor-ge, fin. part., (MC oft. in Yuarn drama) indeed: 兀的不苦殺人也麼哥 how exasperating indeed!
2. 也許 yer-shyuu, adv., perhaps, maybe.
3. 也似 yee-syh, part., like: 雪花也似 (=似雪花) 申奏將來 the complaints come like snowflakes.

光 Num. Index: 22.70 guang .

N. (1) Light: 燈光 lamplight;
月光 moonlight;
日光 sunlight, sunshine;
夜光 the moon, the firefly, a pearl;
光線 guang-shiahn, 光芒 guang-marng, 光澤 guang-tzer↓;
發光 to shine, emit light;
閃光（燈） flashlight;
回光反照 the dying flicker of a man’s life;
光明 guang-mirng, 光輝 guang-huei↓.
(2) Favor, grace: 借光兒 (phr. used in asking for favor) pardon me please! 沾光，叨光 share in reflected glory.
(3) A surname.

V.t. Recover, regain, glorify: 光復 guang-fuh↓;
重光 (of sun or moon) reappear after eclipse, (of territory) be restored;
光前裕後 win praises for one’s ancestors and enrich one’s posterity;
光宗耀祖 reflect glory on one’s ancestors;
光耀門楣 bring honor to the family name;
發揚光大 to glorify, broaden and heighten (a nation’s cultural heritage).

Adj. (1) Bright, brilliant, shining: 光亮 guang-liahng↓;
光風霽月 (of a person’s character) benign and openhearted (like “a light breeze and clear moon”);
光天化日之下 in broad daylight.
(2) Smooth: 光滑 guang-huar↓;
刮垢磨光 make s.t. clean and smooth by scraping and polishing;
光塌塌 bare, without decoration;
光撻撻 shiny and smooth;
光溜溜 ditto, naked;
光溜 slippery;
光潤 sleek.
(3) Glorious, bringing honor, gracious: 光臨 guang-lirn, 光降 guang-jiahng↓;
候光 waiting to be honored by your company;
光顧 guang-guh↓;
光寵 be honored;
光榮 guang-rurng↓.
(4) With nothing left, everything gone: 當光，賠光，輸光，吃光 with everything pawned, lost in business, gambling, consumed;
光蛋 guang-dahn↓;
光了 nothing left, every cent spent;
精光 naked, penniless;
光光 guang-guang↓;
光炕蓆兒 completely destitute.
(5) Naked, nude: 光裸 guang-luoo↓;
光屁股 bare buttocks;
光膀子 bare-armed;
光腳 barefoot(ed);
光腿 barelegged;
光著身子 naked;
光脊梁 barebacked;
脫光 stripped naked;
光眼子 nude;
光眼兒 (usu. of children) without clothes.

Adv. Only, alone: 光剩下他一人在家 he alone remains at home;
光說不做 only talk and don’t act.

Words 1. 光板兒 guang-baa-’l, n., worn-out fur coats showing hide below.
2. 光圈 guang-chyuan, n., (photography) diaphragm or lens aperture of a camera.
3. 光大 guang-dah, v.t., to brighten, develop to a higher stage.
4. 光蛋 guang-dahn, n., a person reduced to destitution: 窮光蛋 a penniless loafer.
5. 光度 guang-duh, n., (phys.) intensity of light.
6. 光復 guang-fuh, v.t., recover: 光復失地 regain possession of lost territory;
7. 光復 guang-fuh, v.t., 光復節 Restitution Day, day of restitution of sovereignty.
8. 光桿兒 guang-gaa-’l, n., a bachelor or widower: 窮光桿兒 a poor bachelor;
9. 光桿兒 guang-gaa-’l, n., 光桿兒生活 the life of a man without wife and children.
10. 光怪 guang-guaih, adj., absurd, fantastic: 光怪陸離 grotesque fantastic.
11. 光光 guang-guang, adj., (1) bright, shining: 亮光光;
12. 光光 guang-guang, adj., (2) smooth: 光光滑滑;
13. 光光 guang-guang, adj., (3) not a cent left: 輸得光光的 lost every cent in gambling;
14. 光光 guang-guang, adj., (4) naked: 脫得光光 stripped naked.
15. 光顧 guang-guh, v.t., (1) (court.) to honor with your gracious presence;
16. 光顧 guang-guh, v.t., (2) (court.) (of customers) come to shop.
17. 光棍 guang-guhn, n., (1) a bachelor (also 光棍兒，光桿子);
18. 光棍 guang-guhn, n., (2) a ruffian, desperado;
19. 光棍 guang-guhn, n., (3) (guang-’gun) a person showing a bold front: 你充甚麼光棍 what are you trying to put on?
20. 光華 guang-huar¹, n. & adj., glory, -rious, splendor, -did, replendent.
21. 光滑 guang-huar², adj., shiny and smooth.
22. 光輝 guang-huei, (1) n., glory, splendor;
23. 光輝 guang-huei, (2) adj., glorious, splendid.
24. 光火 guang-huoo, v.i. & adj., provoke(d) to anger.
25. 光腳的 guang-joaau-’de, n., the poor (lit., “persons without shoes to wear”): 光腳的不怕穿鞋的 the poor are not daunted by the rich.
26. 光降 guang-jiahng, v.i. & t., to honor with your gracious presence.
27. 光景 guang-jiing, n., (1) circumstances at a given time and place: 光景很難 times are very hard;
28. 光景 guang-jiing, n., (2) (guang-’jing) prospects: 光景是要下雨 it’s likely to rain.
29. 光兒 guang-’l, n., (1) dim lights;
30. 光兒 guang-’l, n., (2) (=光子) eyeglass lenses.
31. 光亮 guang-liahng, adj., bright and clear, glossy, shining.
32. 光臨 guang-lirn, v.i., (court.) honor (me, us) with your gracious presence.
33. 光裸 guang-luoo, adj., nude, naked.
34. 光芒 guang-marng, n., flashes, rays of light: 光芒萬丈 blazing ahead, glorious radiant.
35. 光面兒 guang-miahn(guang-miah-’l), n., a flat, smooth surface.
36. 光明 guang-mirng, (1) n., glory, brilliance;
37. 光明 guang-mirng, (2) adj., bright, brilliant, shining, openhearted.
38. 光年 guang-niarn, n., (astron.) light year.
39. 光波 guang-po, n., (phys.) light wave.
40. 光譜 guang-puu, n., (phys.) a spectrum.
41. 光榮 guang-rurng, n., & adj., glory, -rious.
42. 光線 guang-shiahn, n., ray of light.
43. 光鮮 guang-shian, adj., fresh and bright.
44. 光手 guang-shoou, adj., barehanded.
45. 光學 guang-shyuer, n., (phys.) optics.
46. 光頭 guang-tour, adj., (1) closeshaven;
47. 光頭 guang-tour, adj., (2) bareheaded, uncovered.
48. 光頭兒 guang-tour-’l, n., a kind of cake.
49. 光彩 guang-tsaai, n., (1) (of lights) brilliance, splendor;
50. 光彩 guang-tsaai, n., (2) glory, honor.
51. 光子 guang-tz, n., eyeglass lenses.
52. 光澤 guang-tzer, n., luster.
53. 光耀 guang-yauh, adj. & n., magnificent, -nce, illustrious, bright, -ness.
54. 光陰 guang-yin, n., a duration of time: 光陰如箭 time passes fast.
55. 光源 guang-yuarn, n., (phys.) light source.

氅 Num. Index: 22.70 chaang .

N. Fur coat, overcoat: 大氅 overcoat;
鶴氅 overcoat trimmed with crane’s down, associated with 諸葛亮 Juker Liahng.

斃 Num. Index: 22.70 bih .

V.i. (LL) die, fall down dead: 自斃 (LL) come to bad end;
束手待斃 helpless, waiting for the end;
槍斃 shoot to death;
place against firing squad;
猝斃 die suddenly by violence;
倒斃 fall down dead.

Words 1. 斃命 bih-mihng, n., (LL) die, lose one’s life.

□ Num. Index: 22.70 bie .

N. Turtle;
term of abuse in □縮頭 a coward (turtle retracts head);
(sl.) □蛋 an abuse word like “skunk”;
□裙 edible fringe of turtle meat.

忠 Num. Index: 22.72 jung .

N. Loyalty (to king, cause, country, friend).

Adj. & adv. Loyal, faithful, steadfast: 盡忠 be faithful to master, ruler or country;
不忠 unfaithful to ruler;
忠於職守 faithful to one’s duties;
忠言逆耳 honest advice is hard to take;
忠告 speak from honest motives;
忠款 loyal heart, see 忠誠 jung-cherng↓;
see compp.↓.

Words 1. 忠臣 jung-chern, n., honest and loyal minister.
2. 忠誠 jung-cherng, (1) n., honest heart;
3. 忠誠 jung-cherng, (2) adj., honest, reliable.
4. 忠鯁 jung-geeng, adj., see jung-jyr↓.
5. 忠厚 jung-houh, adj., (person) honest and simple.
6. 忠直 jung-jyr, adj., honest and straightforward.
7. 忠良 jung-liarng, adj., good and faithful (servant, official).
8. 忠孝 jung-shiauh, adj. & n., loyal to country and filial to parents, loyalty and filial piety: 忠孝之道 the teachings of loyalty and filial piety.
9. 忠信 jung-shihn, adj., & n., loyal, -ty, and honest, -y.
10. 忠心 jung-shin, adj., & n., loyal, -ty (to duty, master).
11. 忠恕 jung-shuh, adj. & n., honest (-y) and considerate (-tion) of others: 忠恕之道 the Golden Mean, do unto others as you would have others do unto you.
12. 忠實 jung-shyr, adj., loyal (disciples, employees).
13. 忠義 jung-yih, n. & adj., standing for faith and right－oft. associated with chivalrous, independent warriors as in 水滸傳, The Water Margin, a picaresque novel.
14. 忠勇 jung-yuung, adj., honest and brave.

患 Num. Index: 22.72 huahn .

N. (1) Cause of worry, concern, trouble, disaster: 患難 huahn-nahn↓;
災患 disaster;
水患 flood;
禍患 source of disaster (strong neighboring state, seething discontent, etc.);
後患無窮 source of endless trouble;
大患 great trouble: 人之患在好為人師 the great trouble of most men is that they like to lecture other people－Confucius.
(2) A surname.

V.i. & t. (1) To worry about: 患得患失 worry about securing office, then worry about losing it—be too anxious for official promotion.
(2) To contract illness: 患病 fall ill;
患處 where it (illness) hurts.

Words 1. 患難 huahn-nahn, n., troubles, tribulations: 患難之交 a friend who went through difficult times together;
2. 患難 huahn-nahn, n., 可以共患難 a man who can be trusted in times of trouble.

悲 Num. Index: 22.72 bei .

N. Sorrow, feeling of sadness: 悲從中來 overcome by feeling of sorrow;
興盡悲來 feeling of sadness follows a bout of pleasure;
悲憤 moved and angered;
悲歡離合 joys and sorrows, separations and reunions in the drama of life;
慈^悲 mercy, 80.72.

V.i. & t. To feel pity: 悲之 (LL) take pity on it (him);
feel sorry: 悲憐 bei-liarn↓;
悲天憫人 feeling for universal compassion, cosmic pity.

Adj. & adv. Sad, sadly: 悲鳴 sad cry of animals;
悲啼 moaning;
悲悲切切 sad and touching;
悲歌 somber song;
悲風 moaning wind.

Words 1. 悲哀 bei-ai, n. & adj., sorrow, sorrowful, mournful.
2. 悲切 bei-chii, adj., sad and touching.
3. 悲秋 bei-chiou, v.i., beautiful feeling of sadness induced by autumn, esp. in sentimental poetry (傷春悲秋)
4. 悲悼 bei-dauh, n. & v.i., (to) sorrow for lost friend.
5. 悲憤 bei-feen, adj. & n., sad(ness) and anger(ed) (悲憤交集).
6. 悲感 bei-gaan, n., sense of sadness.
7. 悲歌 bei-ge, n., elegy.
8. 悲觀 bei-guan, n. & adj., pessimism, -stic.
9. 悲壯 bei-juahng, adj., stirred by defeat, determine to fight.
10. 悲劇 bei-jyuh, n., tragedy.
11. 悲憐 bei-liarn, v.t., to take pity on (person).
12. 悲涼 bei-liarng, adj., desolate.
13. 悲傷 bei-shang, adj., sad, disconsolate, moving, touched (feeling, scene, event).
14. 悲喜劇 bei-shii-jyuh, n., tragicomedy.
15. 悲酸 bei-suan, adj., moved to tears, wanting to cry;
16. 悲酸 bei-suan, adj., touching, heart-breaking (scene, etc.).
17. 悲田院 bei-tiarn-yuahn, n., (also wr. 卑田院) institution for the poor (with income from grants of land).
18. 悲慘 bei-tsaan, adj., sad and shocking (as death from fire, accident).

憋 Num. Index: 22.72 bie (bieh ). [var. 彆]

V.i. & t. (1) To contain smouldering anger: 憋不住 cannot hold anger any longer, ready to burst;
憋幵氣 smoulder with resentment;
憋得慌，憋得難受 depressed, exasperated.
(2) To shut up: 憋住不說 hold back one’s tongue.

Adj. Hot-tempered: 憋性 impatient.

Words 1. 憋氣 bie-chih, v.i. & adj., short of breath, suffocate.
2. 憋悶 bie-mehn, adj., bored, depressed.
3. 憋扭 bieh-’niou, (also wr. 憋拗，彆扭), v.i., (coll.) be of contrary opionion;
4. 憋扭 bieh-’niou, v.i., 鬧憋扭 getting quarrelsome;
5. 憋扭 bieh-’niou, v.i., ungainly, not smooth (of performance, writing).

懟 Num. Index: 22.72 dueih .

N. & v.t. Resentment, hatred;
to cause resentment;
to hate.

典 Num. Index: 22.80 diaan .

N. (1) Established or traditional system, institution or laws: 法典 code of laws;
典刑 diaan-shirng¹↓;
國有常典 established laws of country.
(2) Model, established standard: 典則 model, standard: 典範 diaan-fahn↓.
(3) Classic: 經典 the classic;
佛典 Buddhist classic.
(4) Dictionary, encyclopaedia: 字典 dictionary;
辭典 dictionary of phrases;
永樂大典 Encyclopaedia (collection) of Emperor Yunglo;
會典 encyclopaedia on institutions of a dyn.;
通典 name of an encyclopaedia (Tarng Dyn.).
(5) Literary allusion or reference: 語出何典 what is the allusion to? 典故 diaan-guh↓.
(6) A surname.

V.t. (1) To mortgage, to pawn: 典業 mortgage property;
典賣，典當，典押 diaan-maih, diaan-dahng, diaan-ya↓.
(2) To supervise, be in charge of: 典試 act as chief examiner;
典獄 in charge of prison: 典獄官 prison warden.

Words 1. 典奧 diaan-auh, adj. & n., profound, profundity.
2. 典常 diaan-charng, n., established laws and customs.
3. 典當 diaan-dahng, v.t., pawn (articles).
4. 典範 diaan-fahn, n., model to be copied, followed.
5. 典故 diaan-guh, n., literary reference or allusion.
6. 典章 diaan-jang, n., cultural establishments (典章文物);
7. 典章 diaan-jang, n., anc. institutions.
8. 典籍 diaan-jir, n., books in gen., esp. anc. works.
9. 典制 diaan-jyh¹, n., traditional institutions.
10. 典質 diaan-jyh², v.t., to pawn (articles).
11. 典賣 diaan-maih, v.t., to mortgage.
12. 典舖 diaan-puh, n., pawnshop.
13. 典刑 diaan-shirng¹, n., laws, esp. penalties: 明正典刑 carry out a capital punishment.
14. 典型 diaan-shirng², n. & adj., model: 典型人物 model personalities.
15. 典守 diarn-shoou, v.t., to be in charge of (prisons, etc.).
16. 典史 diaan-shyy, n., district chief of police (Manchu Dyn.).
17. 典押 diaan-ya, n. & v.t., mortgage, used as pledge in loan, pawn.
18. 典雅 diarn-yaa, adj., refined, cultured (of manners, writing).

冀 Num. Index: 22.80 jih .

N. (1) Hopei Province.
(2) A surname.

V.i. & t. To hope: 冀得 hope to get;
冀望 look forward to or long for;
希冀 covet or crave for.

糞 Num. Index: 22.80 fehn .

N. Manure, dung: 糞壤，糞堆 dung heaps for manure.

V.t. To apply manure as fertilizer: 糞田.

Words 1. 糞便 fehn-biahn, n., feces and urine, excrements (as for medical examination).
2. 糞除 fehn-chur, v.t., to clean up dirt from place.
3. 糞池 fehn-chyr, n., septic tank, also 化糞池.
4. 糞門 fehn-mern, n., anus.
5. 糞土 fehn-tuu, n., dirt, filth: 棄如糞土 cast away like dirt.

貴 Num. Index: 22.80 gueih .

N. A surname.

V.t. (1) To esteem highly, to value, to prize: 賤貨而貴德 to despise material goods and respect virtue;
貴耳賤目 rely on hearsay, “trust one’s ears rather than one’s eyes”;
所貴乎 what makes (s.t.) valued.
(2) To honor or love: 下安則貴上 when the people are happy and contented, they will honor the powers that be.

Adj. (1) Expensive, costly: 昂貴 (of prices) high;
貴賤 gueih-jiahn↓;
太貴 too costly.
貴得很 very expensive.
(2) Honorable, noble: 貴客 gueih-keh, 貴族 gueih-tzur↓;
顯貴 highranking officials;
貴冑 gueih-jouh, 貴人 gueih-rern↓;
權貴 the politically powerful and influential;
富貴 loaded with riches and honors;
華貴 elegant, magnificent;
高貴 noble and dignified;
尊貴 highly respectable and revered.
(3) Precious, of great value: 珍貴 rare and highly valuable;
貴重 gueih-juhng↓;
物以稀為貴 a thing is valued in proportion to its rarity;
可貴 esteemable.
(4) Honorific: 貴姓 may I know your (honorable) name? 貴庚 gueih-geng, 貴處 gueih-chuh↓;
貴國，貴校，貴局，貴部 your (honorable) country, school, bureau, ministry;
貴恙 your illness;
貴公子 (address to) a noble young man;
貴价 (court.) your servant;
貴幹 gueih-gahn, 貴上 gueih-shahng↓.

Words 1. 貴賓 gueih-bin, n., honored guest, V.I.P.
2. 貴處 gueih-chuh, idiomatic phr., where do you come from, sir?
3. 貴妃 gueih-fei, n., (AC) title of a lady-in-waiting, an imperial concubine.
4. 貴幹 gueih-gahn, n., (court.) your work or business: 有何貴幹 what business have you come here for?
5. 貴庚 gueih-geng, idiomatic phr., may I konw your (honorable) age?
6. 貴賤 gueih-jiahn, adj., (1) (of prices or costs) high or low;
7. 貴賤 gueih-jiahn, adj., (2) (of persons) highly placed or lowly.
8. 貴金屬 gueih-jin-shuu, n., (chem.) noble metals.
9. 貴冑 gueih-jouh, n., noblemen, princes of the blood.
10. 貴重 gueih-juhng, adj., valuable: 貴重物品 valuable articles.
11. 貴客 gueih-keh, n., honored guests, V.I.P.s.
12. 貴人 gueih-rern, n., (1) a highranking government official;
13. 貴人 gueih-rern, n., (2) (AC) title of a female palace official;
14. 貴人 gueih-rern, n., (3) (fortunetelling) some unknown benefactor.
15. 貴上 gueih-shahng, v.t., see V.t.2↓.
16. 貴族 gueih-tzur, n., a noble family, a noble, the nobility.

費 Num. Index: 22.80 feih (*bih ).

N. (1) Fees, expense(s), expenditure: usu. 費用 feih-yuhng↓;
雜費 sundry expenses;
學費 school fees;
車馬費 honorarium for transportation and entertainment expenses;
經費 expenses (very big, etc.), budget for expenditure (inadequate);
每年經費 annual budget, expenditure;
免費 free of charge.
(2) (*bih) Name of place: 費縣.
(3) A nurname.

v.t. Cost, waste, take a lot of (time, energy) to do: 費工夫，費時 takes a lot of work, time;
費力 feih-lih↓;
費力不討好 a thankless task;
費了九牛二虎之力 takes a tremendous lot of work to do;
費財 waste a lot of money;
費心機 takes a lot of thinking;
費商量 requires a lot of discussion;
費脣舌 waste a lot of words;
費手腳 troublesome to do;
費解 difficult to explain (takes a lot to);
枉費（心思，氣力） waste to no purpose;
耗費，浪費 waste or spend extravagantly;
白費 to labor in vain;
破費 (court.) cost (you) money (to provide dinner, etc.).

Words 1. 費勁（兒） feih-jihn(feih-jieh-’l), adj. & adv., difficult, (ly), requiring a lot of effort.
2. 費力 feih-lih, adj., hard to tackle, requiring work, energy.
3. 費神（心） feih-shern(feih-shin), adj., (1) requiring attention;
4. 費神（心） feih-shern(feih-shin), adj., (2) formula for thanking beforehand in making request: 費神（心）得很 I thank you beforehand.
5. 費事 feih-shyh, adj., troublesome, takes doing.
6. 費菜 feih-tsaih, n., (bot.) Sedum kamtschficum.
7. 費用 feih-yuhng, n., expenses.

貰 Num. Index: 22.80 shyh . [See 21.80]

賞 Num. Index: 22.80

N. Award for merit: 獎賞 ditto;
有賞，懸賞 offer reward (for capture of criminal, etc.);
賞罰 reward and punishment to maintain order in government.

V.i. & t. (1) To bestow (honor, a gift): 賞賜 shaang-tsyh, 賞錢 shaang-chiarn, 賞格 shaang-ger↓;
恩賞 n. & v.i., award by government;
犒賞 n. & v.i., gift to soldiers;
賞臉 to “give” face;
賞臨 to honor one as by presence at dinner;
賞收 (court.) please to accept.
(2) To appreciate, enjoy beauty of (flowers, moon, snow): 欣賞 enjoy, appreciate (esp. literature, speech);
鑑賞 critically appreciate.

Words 1. 賞錢 shaang-chiarn, (1) phr., to give tips;
2. 賞錢 shaang-chiarn, (2) (shaang-’chian) n., a tip to servants.
3. 賞格 shaang-ger, n., price put on the head of a wanted criminal, legal reward or promotion for service.
4. 賞光 shaang-guang, v.i., to do one the honor (of attending, etc.).
5. 賞鑒 shaang-jiahn, v.t., to appreciate;
6. 賞鑒 shaang-jiahn, v.t., to honor one by reading or critical approval.
7. 賞鍾 shaang-jung, n., (MC) a toast for distinguished services.
8. 賞聲 shaang-sheng, n., (=上聲) the third tone.
9. 賞心 shaang-shin, v.i., to enjoy oneself (as at wine dinner).
10. 賞識 shaang-shyh, v.t., to recognize worth (of talent, person);
11. 賞識 shaang-shyh, v.t., to love or appreciate (writing).
12. 賞賜 shaang-tsyh, v.t., to bestow (honor, gift) by superior.
13. 賞玩 shaang-wahn, v.t., to fondle (objects of art);
14. 賞玩 shaang-wahn, v.t., to love and appreciate (moon, flowers).
15. 賞音 shaang-yin, n., (LL) an understanding friend (cf. 知音).

尖 Num. Index: 22.81 jian .

N. (1) A sharp point: 筆尖 the point of a pen, a pen nib;
刀尖，針尖，槍尖 the point of a knife, needle, spear;
尖端 jian-duan↓;
尖頭 the sharp end;
指尖 finger tips.
(2) (Mountain) peak: 頂尖（兒） the best of its kind.
(3) Meal by the roadside: 打尖 (dial.) (of travelers) have a bite at a roadside inn.

Adj. Sharp, pointed: 尖銳 jian-rueih, 尖利 jian-lih↓;
很尖 very smart, clever;
尖細 jian-shih, 尖刻 jian-keh, 尖酸 jian-suan↓.

Words 1. 尖兵 jian-bing, n., (of troops) advance guard.
2. 尖臍 jian-chir, n., male crabs.
3. 尖端 jian-duan, n., the extreme (highest) point, the pinnacle.
4. 尖尖 jian-jian, adj., tapering, (sharp-) pointed.
5. 尖刻 jian-keh, adj., (of words, speech) sharp, pointed, barbed.
6. 尖利 jian-lih, adj., sharp (point, person).
7. 尖劈 jian-pi, n., a wedge.
8. 尖銳 jian-rueih, adj., (lit. & fig.) sharp, pointed, barbed: 尖銳化 (of situation) becoming increasingly critical, aggravated.
9. 尖細 jian-shih, adj., fine (workmanship).
10. 尖酸 jian-suan, adj., (of words, speech) sarcastic, petty, mean.
11. 尖團 jian-tuarn, n., (1) male and female crabs;
12. 尖團 jian-tuarn, n., (2) (Chin. opera) 尖團字 differentiated tz, ts and j, ch consonants.

皮 Num. Index: 22.82 pir .

N. (1) Skin: often 皮膚 pir-’fu↓;
oft. 皮子 or 皮兒;
仔細你的皮 threat of flogging;
厚臉皮，老臉皮 thick-skinned, impudent;
水悞皮 skin of fruit;
剝皮 to skin (animal) also (fig.) (person);
吹牛皮 blow one’s own horn;
表皮 epidermis;
真皮 true skin;
皮包骨 extremely emaciated, skinny;
雞皮鶴髮 old, haggard look;
皮之不存，毛將焉附 mutually dependent (of neighboring states), usefulness of having a buffer state in between;
皮况陽秋（春秋） smooth, well-covered remark or sarcasm.
(2) Oft. used with 肉：皮肉 skin and flesh see 皮肉 pir-rouh↓;
皮况抽肉 very thin;
皮開肉綻 badly bruised from flogging, skin and flesh torn;
皮笑肉不笑 false smile, skin-deep smile;
又和他皮鬆肉緊的談會子 engage in irrelevant talk.
(3) In combnation with 臉 face, denoting facial expression: 嘻皮笑臉 a face full of smiles;
皮臉（兒），皮臉皮痴，沒皮沒臉，死皮賴臉 thick-skinned, unashamed;
嬉皮 hippies.
(4) Skin goods, hide, fur: 皮貨 hide, fur business;
豹死留皮 leopard’s skin survives his body (of fame);
虎皮，豹皮，鹿皮 tiger skin, leopard skin, deerskin;
皮袍子 furlined gown;
皮襖 fur-lined jacket.
(5) Leather: 皮箱 leather suitcase;
皮夾克，手套，椅子 leather jacket, gloves, chair;
皮帶 leather belt;
皮鞭 leather whip, etc.
(6) Cover: 書皮，封皮 book cover.
(7) Thin sheet: 鉛皮 lead sheet.

Adj. (1) Thick-skinned: 這小孩子罵皮了;
this child no longer cares about scolding;
皮幵臉 thick-skinned, unashamed.
(2) Naughty: 皮死了，跳皮 very naughty.
(3) Opp. of crisp, no longer crisp (biscuit), leathery in taste.

Words 1. 皮弁 pir-biahn, n., (AC) deerskin cap.
2. 皮幣 pir-bih, n., (AC) hides and coins, used in gifts, tributes.
3. 皮纏 pir-charn, v.t, annoy (usu. of children).
4. 皮車 pir-che, n., Peking term for rickshaw, short for 膠皮車 (“rubber-wheeled cart”).
5. 皮氣 pir-’chi, n., =脾氣 temper.
6. 皮球 pir-chiour, n., leather ball (football, etc.).
7. 皮蛋 pir-dahn, n., chemically treated, preserved egg.
8. 皮袋 pir-daih, n., leather bag;
9. 皮袋 pir-daih, n., (Budd.) physical body, also 皮囊.
10. 皮膚 pir-’fu, n., skin;
11. 皮膚 pir-’fu, n., 皮膚病 n., skin disease;
12. 皮膚 pir-’fu, n., 皮膚炎 dermatitis.
13. 皮侯 pir-hour, n., (AC) archery target.
14. 皮黃 pir-huarng, n., Peking opera music, combination of music of two districts 西皮 and 二黃.
15. 皮掌 pir-jaang, n., front part of sole in mended shoes.
16. 皮匠 pir-jiahng, n., shoemaker.
17. 皮膠 pir-jiau, n., glue, also 牛皮膠 made from cow hide.
18. 皮重 pir-juhng, n., weight including package.
19. 皮脂 pir-jy, n., natural oil of skin.
20. 皮紙 pir-jyy, n., parchment.
21. 皮科（兒） pir-ke(’l), n., joke, joking.
22. 皮臉 pir-liaan, n., “face” representing man’s honor;
23. 皮臉 pir-liaan, n., facial expression: 不喜歡看他那幅皮臉 do not like the look on his face.
24. 皮毛 pir-’maur, adj. & n., superficial;
25. 皮毛 pir-’maur, adj. & n., -ity: 皮毛之見 superficial opinion;
26. 皮毛 pir-’maur, adj. & n., 得其皮毛 only learned the superficial things, without the spirit.
27. 皮肉 pir-rouh, n., the flesh: 皮肉生涯 pir-rouh-sheng-yar, prostitution.
28. 皮下注射 pir-shiah-juh-sheh, n., subcutaneous injection.
29. 皮相 pir-shiahng, n., external appearance: 皮相之談 superficial opinion.
30. 皮硝 pir-shiau, n., tannic acid for treating leather.
31. 皮實 pir-’shyr, adj., solid, solidly built.
32. 皮條（兒） pir-tiaur(’l), n., leather strap;
33. 皮條（兒） pir-tiaur(’l), n., 拉皮條 be a pimp.
34. 皮草 pir-tsaau, n., furs at furriers.
35. 皮桶子 pir-tuung-tz, n., (Peip. coll.) fur goods.

叟 Num. Index: 22.82 soou .

N. (LL) old man, an elder;
(AC, curt. address) elder.

斐 Num. Index: 22.82 feei .

N. A surname.

Adj. (LL) handsome: 斐然成章 phr., well-cultivated, in good shape;
斐然可觀 handsome looking, stately (performance, structures).

Words 1. 斐斐 feir-feei, adj., (LL) light;
2. 斐斐 feir-feei, adj., well decorated or furnished.

叢 Num. Index: 22.82 tsurng (also *tsung ).

N. (1) A bush, shrub: 叢莽 a grove of trees;
叢冢 a group of graves, also multiple graves;
叢帖 collection of callig., rubbings;
叢祠 ancestral temple overgrown with underbush.
(2) A surname.

Adj. & adv. In great quantity, multiple: 百病叢生 all kinds of troubles grow up;
萬物叢生 grow in great variety and profusion.

Words 1. 叢薄 tsurng-bor, n., (LL) a grove, copse.
2. 叢林 tsurng-lirn, n., woods, forest.
3. 叢莽 tsurng-maang, n., see tsurng-bor↑;
4. 叢莽 tsurng-maang, n., shrubbery.
5. 叢木 tsurng-muh, n., underbrush.
6. 叢書 tsurng-shu, n., a collection of books, a set of books issued in the same of format by a publisher;
7. 叢書 tsurng-shu, n., 百科叢書 encyclopaedia;
8. 叢書 tsurng-shu, n., 人人叢書 Everyman’s Library.
9. 叢談 tsurng-tarn, n., talks on random or special subjects: 飲食業談 talks on food and drinks.

□ Num. Index: 22.82 taur .

N. A small handdrum with beads striking when rotated.