不 Num. Index: 31.22 Re. pr. bu (sp. pr. buh , except bur before 4th tone: thus 不是 bur-shyh, 不怕 bur-pah).

Adv. Not see many common combinations in list;
typical of special uses are: (1) In elliptical sentences: “你去不去?” “我不” “Are you going?” “I am not.”
(2) With another negative to form double negative: 不無 not without;
不無可取 not without merit;
無不，莫不 all, without exception;
莫不感激 (we) all are grateful;
不免 “cannot help,” (common MC) must, have to: 不免回去一趟 have to go home and see;
不免心中不樂 could not help feeling disappointed.
(3) In comb. 不…不 neither this nor that: 不大不小 not too big nor too small—just right;
不清不楚，不明不白 not clear;
不三不四 cannot make head or tail;
irregular, shapeless;
不知不覺 unconsciously;
不男不女 effeminate man, manly woman;
不倫不類 nondescript;
neither fowl nor fish;
不偏不黨 fair to all;
不卑不亢 neither obsequious nor arrogant—cordial but independent;
不即不離 neither accepting nor rejecting (proposal), maintaining discreet distance;
不多不少 just the right amount.
(4) In comb.不…而 without: 不問而知 one knows without asking;
不學而能 do a thing easily, naturally;
不寒而慄 makes one shudder (at sight);
不勞而獲 gain results without working for them;
不脛而走 “runs without legs”—disappear;
不翼而飛 “fly without wings,” ditto;
不約而同，不謀而合 agree, fit without previous consultation, be a coincident.
(5) Placed before auxiliary verbs: 不能，不克 cannot, unable;
不會 will not, cannot;
不必 it’s not necessary;
不合，不宜，不該，不應 should not;
不是 is not;
不肯 not willing;
不可，不可以 may not, must not;
不得 buh-der↓.
(6) With common vbb.: 不知 do not know;
不識 ditto;
不料 did not expect;
不想 never thought;
不見得 bur-jiahn-’de↓;
不妨 buh-farng↓;
不禁 bur-jihn↓;
不外，不過 bur-waih, bur-guoh;
不如 buh-rur↓.
(7) Sometimes, rarely, combined with nn.: 不衫不履 without shirt or shoes;
不毛之地 barren land.
(8) With other advv.: 不但 not only, more than;
不寧 not only.
(9) Freely with adjj.: 不行 buh-shirng↓;
不同 different, unlike;
不多 not much;
不好 buh-haau↓;
不便 bur-biahn↓;
不舒服 unwell, uncomfortable;
不滿意 dissatisfied;
不安 buh-an, 不快 buh-kuaih↓.

Words 1. 不礙 bur-aih, phr., (不礙事) does not matter;
2. 不礙 bur-aih, no harm (trying, etc.) see buh-farng↓.
3. 不安 buh-an, adj., uneasy;
4. 不安 buh-an, adj., unwell;
5. 不安 buh-an, adj., unsatisfied.
6. 不備 bur-beih, phr., (1) (at end of letter) there is more than I can tell you in this letter;
7. 不備 bur-beih, phr., (2) adj., unprepared: 乘其不備 take advantage of s.o.’s unpreparedness.
8. 不必 buh-bi, adv., not necessary, need not: 不必客氣 need not stand on ceremony;
9. 不必 buh-bi, adv., 不必說 that goes without saying;
10. 不必 buh-bi, adj., 不必等 do not wait.
11. 不便 bur-biahn, adj., inconvenient: 不便告訴你 inconvenient to inform you.
12. 不辰 buh-chern, phr., 我生不辰 I was born under unlucky star.
13. 不成 buh-cherng, phr., (1) will not do (＝不行 buh-shirng↓);
14. 不成 buh-cherng, prh., (2) 難道不成 you don’t mean (s.t. quite uncalled-for).
15. 不成話 buh-cherng-huah, phr., (s.t.) is ridiculous.
16. 不器 buh-chih, phr., 君子不器 (AC) “a gentleman’s ability is not confined to any one thing” (versatile).
17. 不起 buh-chii, (1) adj., in 不起之症 incurable sickness;
18. 不起 buh-chii, (2) vb. complement: 看不起 despise;
19. 不起 buh-chii, vb. 買不起 cannot afford to buy;
20. 不起 buh-chii, vb. 想不起 cannot recall, or call up to mind;
21. 不起 buh-chii, vb. cannot lift up, etc.
22. 不求人 buh-chiour-rern, n., bamboo or wooden back-scratcher with long handle.
23. 不情 buh-chirng, adj., as in 不情之請 unreasonable demand;
24. 不情 buh-chirng, adj., also (court.) my presumptuous demand.
25. 不揣 buh-chuaai, phr., (court.) am presumptuous.
26. 不啻 buh-chyh, phr., same as, as if: 不啻天地 same as the difference between heaven and earth.
27. 不𡡷 buh-chyurn, phr., stand out among the group.
28. 不齒 buh-chyy, phr., be ashamed to be regarded in same group.
29. 不倒翁 buh-daau-weng, n., a doll which always rights itself up;
30. 不倒翁 buh-daau-weng, n., (fig.) a politician surviving all upheavals.
31. 不大離兒 bur-dah-lir (bur-dah-lier-’l), adv., almost (＝差不多).
32. 不但 bur-dahn, adv., not only.
33. 不到 bur-dauh¹, phr., not quite: 不到三十 under thirty.
34. 不道 bur-dauh², (1) phr., contrary to expectations (see buh-liauh↓);
35. 不道 bur-dauh², (2) adj., unreasonable, wicked.
36. 不得 buh-der, phr., cannot, unable: 不得而知 cannot know (results; answer);
37. 不得 buh-der, phr., 不得勁 (兒) (s.t., s.o.) does not work properly;
38. 不得 buh-der, phr., in awkward position;
39. 不得 buh-der, phr., 不得不 cannot but, cannot help (doing);
40. 不得 buh-der, phr., 不得已 could not help (doing), have no choice but to;
41. 不得 buh-der, phr., 不得了 be in a bad way, disastrous, impending;
42. 不得 buh-der, phr., 了不得 wonderful.
43. 不弔 bur-diauh, adj., (AC) fall under bad times, unlucky.
44. 不第 bur-dih, phr., (1) fail in examinations for degrees;
45. 不第 bur-dih, phr., (2) not only.
46. 不定 bur-dihng, adv., not necessarily (bad, etc.), (also 不一定).
47. 不對 bur-dueih, adj., (1) (of answers) wrong, not so;
48. 不對 bur-dueih, adj., (2) do not get along (with person): 不對勁 (兒) not right, do not fit in or agree, do not get along well.
49. 不動產 bur-duhng-chaan, n., immovable (real property).
50. 不獨 buh-dur, phr., (LL) not only, see buh-dahn↓.
51. 不爾 bur-eel, phr., not so, see buh-rarn↓.
52. 不貳 bur-ehl, adj., loyal (to one master only).
53. 不法 buh-faa, adj., illegal (acts).
54. 不凡 buh-farn, adj., extraordianry, unusual.
55. 不妨 buh-farng, phr., no harm (trying, speaking directly to person, etc.).
56. 不服 buh-fur, phr., (1) unwilling (to admit, recognize, accept decision);
57. 不服 buh-fur, phr., (2) 不服水土 body does not agree with climate.
58. 不敢 bur-gaan, vb. aux., dare not;
59. 不敢 bur-gaan, vb. aux.,不敢當 bur-gaan-dang, phr., (formula for thanking) I am unworthy.
60. 不甘 buh-gan, phr., dissatisfied, chagrined ,will not take it lying down.
61. 不根 buh-gen, adj., baseless (talk).
62. 不更事 buh-geng-shyh, phr., 少不更事 inexperienced in life.
63. 不辜 buh-gu, n., an innocent person.
64. 不管 buh-guaan, adj. & conj., regardless (of what happens): 不管什麼人 regardless of persons.
65. 不軌 buh-gueei, adj., irregular (activities).
66. 不規則 buh-guei-tzer, adj., irregular, not regular.
67. 不顧 bur-guh, phr., disregarding (obligations, “face”, requests, taboos).
68. 不過 bur-guoh, (1) adv., only, merely: 不過如此 it’s only soso;
69. 不過 bur-guoh, adv., 不過看一看 merely take a look;
70. 不過 bur-guoh, (2) conj., but, on the other hand;
71. 不過 bur-guoh, conj., 不過意 phr., feel embarrassed (by hospitality etc.).
72. 不國 buh-guor, phr., already does not function as a country.
73. 不古 buh-guu¹, phr., 世風不古 customs nowadays are no longer what they were.
74. 不穀 buh-guu², phr., (AC, said by ruler court.) I (“not competent one”).
75. 不好 buh-haau, adj., not good, will not do;
76. 不好 buh-haau, adj., 不好意思 embarrassed;
77. 不好 buh-haau, adj., 不好了 (a thing) has been spoiled, turned worse.
78. 不合 buh-her, (1) vb. aux., should not have (done);
79. 不合 buh-her, (2) conflict with (opinioon, rules, etc.), does not meet with (s.o.’s wishes).
80. 不遑 buh-huarng, phr., (LL) have no time to, too busy to.
81. 不會 bur-hueih, vb. aux., cannot, (conjecture) could not.
82. 不諱 bur-hueih, (1) v.i., (of person) pass away;
83. 不諱 bur-hueih, (2) phr., 直言不諱 speak without fear or favour.
84. 不惑 buh-huoh, n., (allu.) aged forty: 不惑之年，年已不惑.
85. 不羈 buh-ji, adj., (person, conduct) untrammeled, free, nonconformist (“not bridled”).
86. 不見得 bur-jiahn-’de, phr., don’t appear to be: 不見得兩樣 does not appear to be different;
87. 不見得 bur-jiahn-’de, phr., as a phr., “I don’t think so,” “does not seem so to me.”
88. 不見了 bur-jiahn-’le, v.i., disappear, vanish.
89. 不結盟國家 buh-jie-merng-guor-jia, n., non-aligned countries.
90. 不濟 bur-jih, phr., (1) does not help;
91. 不濟 bur-jih, phr., (2) will not succeed: 不濟事 useless, will fail, will die.
92. 不記名 bur-jih-mirng, phr., anonymous (votes), unregistered (stocks).
93. 不禁 bur-jihn, vb. aux., cannot help (laughing out loud, crying, etc.).
94. 不給 buh-jii, adj., insufficient, inadequate (funds).
95. 不景氣 buh-jiing-chih, n., (economic) depression.
96. 不經 buh-jing, adj., absurd;
97. 不經 buh-jing, adj., 不經濟 uneconomical;
98. 不經 buh-jing, adj., 不經事 inexperienced;
99. 不經 buh-jing, adj., 不經意 paying no attention;
100. 不經 buh-jing, adj., inattentive.
101. 不久 buh-jioou, n., soon, soon later.
102. 不及 buh-jir, (1) phr., (this) cannot compare with (that);
103. 不及 buh-jir, (2) vb. complement, as in 來不及 it’s too late (to do).
104. 不住 bur-juh, (1) vb. complement, “not firmly,” “not securely”: 站不住 cannot stand one’s ground;
105. 不住 bur-juh, vb. 抓不住 cannot catch hold of;
106. 不住 bur-juh, (2) ceaselessly: 不住口 talk continuously.
107. 不中聽 bur-jung-ting, phr., (words) displease person.
108. 不中用 bur-jung-yuhng, adj., useless (person);
109. 不中用 bur-jung-yuhng, adj., (euphem.) (person) is dead.
110. 不准 buh-juun, phr., do not permit, it is forbidden to (do).
111. 不支 buh-jy, phr., cannot stand up under strain.
112. 不知情 buh-jy-chirng, phr., (1) do not know what happened (used in affidavit);
113. 不知情 buh-jy-chirng, phr., (2) do not feel grateful.
114. 不置 bur-jyh¹, adv., (LL) continuously: 稱賞不置 praise ceaselessly.
115. 不治 bur-jyh², adj., incurabe.
116. 不至於 bur-jyh-yur, phr., not to the extent of: 他雖不喜歡你，但也不至於恨你 he may not like you, but surely does not hate you.
117. 不職 buh-jyr, adj., derelect in duty.
118. 不拘 buh-jyu, adv., regardless (of person, class, kind);
119. 不拘 buh-jyu, adv., any, whatever.
120. 不龜手 bur-jyuu-shoou, adj., (AC, of washing agent) does not disfigure the skin.
121. 不刊 buh-kan¹, adj., (of work) immortal.
122. 不堪 buh-kan², (1) adv., (used after vb. or adj.,) as in 窮乏不堪 extremely or unbearably poor;
123. 不堪 buh-kan², (2) phr., cannot stand (noise, bother, etc.): 不堪入耳的話 unspeakable words (of abuse).
124. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., may not, must not;
125. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., (also 不可以);
126. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., oft. in double negative: 不可（以）不聽 must not ignore (s.o.’s) advice;
127. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., 不可不慎 must be careful, 不可告人 private and confidential;
128. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., secret or shameful (act, disease, etc.);
129. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., 不可抗力 beyond human control;
130. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., act of God;
131. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., 不可一世 (phr.) hoity-toity;
132. 不可 buh-kee, vb. aux., haughty airs.
133. 不克 buh-keh, vb. aux., (LL) cannot (＝不能).
134. 不快 buh-kuaih, adj., (1) displeased;
135. 不快 buh-kuaih, adj., (2) slightly unwell.
136. 不匱 buh-kueih, phr., (AC) endlessly: 孝思不匱 forever filial.
137. 不了 buh-liaau, (1) vb. complement, expressing “cannot accomplish”: 算不了 countless;
138. 不了 buh-liaau, (2) phr., 以不了了之 leave in status quo, like “agree to disagree”;
139. 不了 buh-liaau, phr., 不了情 unfulfilled but eternal love.
140. 不料 buh-liauh, phr., never thought.
141. 不列顛國協 buh-lieh-dian-guor-shier, n., The British Commonwealth of Nations.
142. 不利 bur-lih, (1) adj., disadvantageous;
143. 不利 bur-lih, (2) v.i., do harm to: 不利於你 means to kill you, or harm you.
144. 不吝 bur-lihn, n., (court., and rather formal) I (in self-reference).
145. 不理 buh-lii, (1) v.t., ignore;
146. 不理 buh-lii, (2) 不理於人口 will be criticized by people;
147. 不理 buh-lii, 不理會 inattentive.
148. 不離（兒） buh-lir (buh-lier-’l), adv., pretty good;
149. 不離（兒） buh-lir (buh-lier-’l), adv., 差不離 (兒) almost.
150. 不靈 buh-lirng, adj., (1) (of medicine, machine) does not work well;
151. 不靈 buh-lirng, adj., (2) 不靈了 (＝不行，不成) (s.t.) is spoiled.
152. 不論 bur-luhn, adv., regardless (of persons, etc.).
153. 不律 bur-lyuh, n., (AC dial.) a pen (筆).
154. 不滿 buh-maan, adj., dissatisfied.
155. 不毛 buh-maur, adj., as in 不毛之地 barren land.
156. 不美 buh-meei, adj., “does not look pretty.”
157. 不免 buh-miaan, vb. aux., have to (esp. in MC dramas).
158. 不眠症 buh-miarn-jehng, n., insomnia.
159. 不敏 buh-miin, n., (LL, in selfreference) I (the first person).
160. 不耐煩 bur-naih-farn, adj., impatient.
161. 不能 buh-nerng, vb. aux., cannot.
162. 不佞 bur-nihng, n., (rather formal, in writing and speech) I, yours truly.
163. 不怕 bur-pah, v.i., don’t care, am sure: 不怕他不答應 I am sure, I don’t doult, he will agree.
164. 不配 buh-peih, adj., unworthy, not qualified (to criticize).
165. 不平 buh-pirng, adj., (1) unfair;
166. 不平 buh-pirng, adj., (2) uneven;
167. 不平 buh-pirng, adj., (3) phr., 抱不平 feel injustice done to s.o.
168. 不讓於 bur-rahng-yur, phr., quite equal to, can match (s.o.).
169. 不然 buh-rarn, (1) conj., otherwise, if not: 不然的話 ditto;
170. 不然 buh-rarn, (2) phr., 不以為然 (s.o.) thinks it is not so, (s.o.) disagrees.
171. 不忍 buh-reen, phr., cannot bear to: 不忍人之心 a heart of mercy.
172. 不仁 buh-rern, adj., (1) unkind, malevolent;
173. 不仁 buh-rern, adj., (2) (hands, feet) benumbed.
174. 不𠱷症 bur-rern-jehng, n., infertility, sterility.
175. 不如 buh-rur, phr., would rather (go home, etc.).
176. 不容 buh-rurng, phr., (1) (condition) does not permit;
177. 不容 buh-rurng, phr., (2) 為人所不容 is unwelcome by people.
178. 不日 bur-ryh, phr., in a few days.
179. 不勝 buh-sheng, adv., (before or after vb.) overwhelmed: 不勝感愧 or 感愧不勝 feel overwhelmed.
180. 不想 buh-shiaang, phr., never thought, do not want.
181. 不下 bur-shiah, phr., not less (than thirty, etc.).
182. 不像話 bur-shiahng-huah, adj., too ridiculous.
183. 不像樣（兒） buh-shiahng-yahng (’l), adj., disreputable (conduct.).
184. 不相稱 buh-shiang-chehng, adj., incompatible.
185. 不相干 buh-shiang-gan, phr., (affair) does not concern (person).
186. 不相能 buh-shiang-nerng, phr., do not get along well together.
187. 不相下 buh-shiang-shiah, phr., will not yield to each other;
188. 不相下 buh-shiang-shiah, phr., 不相上下 more or less equal in strength, value.
189. 不祥 buh-shiarng¹, adj., unlucky.
190. 不詳 buh-shiarng², phr., not given not known, not stated: 名不詳 anonymous.
191. 不消 buh-shiau, phr., do not need: 不消說 needless to say;
192. 不消 buh-shiau, phr., 不消半小時 do not need more than half an hour.
193. 不孝 bur-shiauh¹, n., person recently bereaved of his parent (used in obituary notice) “I, the unfilial son.”
194. 不肖 bur-shiauh², adj., (1) unfilial;
195. 不肖 bur-shiauh², adj., (2) foolish (opp. to 賢): 賢不肖 the wise and the foolish.
196. 不屑 bur-shieh, phr., to despise (doing), will not condescend to: 不屑與辯 will not condescend to argue with person.
197. 不興 buh-shing, adj., not fashionable or seasonable;
198. 不興 buh-shing, adj., not decent (to do).
199. 不行 buh-shirng, phr., (1) (this) will not do, not up to standard;
200. 不行 buh-shirng, phr., (2) should not be done.
201. 不朽 buh-shioou, adj., immortal (work, deeds).
202. 不殊 buh-shu, phr., same as.
203. 不舒服 buh-shu-’fu, adj., (1) unwell, under the weather;
204. 不舒服 buh-shu-’fu, adj., (2) uncomfortable.
205. 不爽 buh-shuaang, phr., (1) (God’s justice) never fails;
206. 不爽 buh-shuaang, phr., (2) do not feel well.
207. 不淑 buh-shur, phr., 遇人不淑 illmatched in marriage.
208. 不是 bur-shyh¹, (1) adv., be not, is not;
209. 不是 bur-shyh¹, adv., oft. used to mean “if not”: 不是你提起，倒忘記了 if you did not remind me, I would have forgotten it;
210. 不是 bur-shyh¹, (2) (bur-’shy) n. & adj., wrong: 這就是你的不是了 this is your mistake.
211. 不適 bur-shyh², adj., (LL) not well.
212. 不時 buh-shyr, adv., (1) not in proper time;
213. 不時 buh-shyr, adv., (2) always, daily: 不時之需 (medicine) may be needed any time.
214. 不須 buh-shyu¹, vb. aux., need not (+vb.).
215. 不需 buh-shyu², phr., do not need (+n.).
216. 不宣 buh-shyuan, phr., 心照不宣 (end of letter) will stop here, without further occupying your attention.
217. 不許 buh-shyuu, phr., do not permit.
218. 不腆 buh-tiaan, adj. (AC) my humble (gift).
219. 不□ buh-tsaai, v.t., ignore (person).
220. 不才 buh-tsair, n., (in formal correspondence) I, the worthless person.
221. 不測 buh-tseh, n. & adj., any untoward event.
222. 不錯 bur-tsuoh, phr., pretty good, not bad, very good indeed.
223. 不次 buh-tsyh, phr., not in normal sequence.
224. 不通 buh-tung, adj., (1) (writing) ungrammatical, unidiomatic;
225. 不通 buh-tung, adj., (2) (person) stupid, bigoted, educated but mind still closed;
226. 不通 buh-tung, adj., (3) (road) closed to traffic;
227. 不通 buh-tung, adj., (4) (statement) illogical.
228. 不圖 buh-tur, phr., (LL) see buh-liauh↑.
229. 不在 bur-tzaih, phr., (1) (importance) does not lie in;
230. 不在 bur-tzaih, phr., (2) not at home;
231. 不在 bur-tzaih, phr., 不在乎 immaterial, nonchalant, could not care less;
232. 不在 bur-tzaih, phr., 他不在乎 he does not mind, is not important to him.
233. 不做美 bur-tzuo-meei, phr., do not, or will not, help (happy occasion, marriage), such as rain on wedding day.
234. 不足 buh-tzur, phr., not enough, not sufficient, not qualified (to be teacher).
235. 不貲 buh-tzy, phr., 所費不貲 went to a lot of expenses.
236. 不自在 bur-tzy-tzaih, adj., unwell, do not feel fit or comfortable.
237. 不外 bur-waih, prep., only, nothing more than.
238. 不韙 bur-weei, n., (usu. 大不韙) a great error, a heinous crime.
239. 不穩 buh-ween, adj. unsteady, unstable (market, position).
240. 不謂 bur-weih, phr., never thought that.
241. 不惟 buh-weir, phr., not only.
242. 不無 buh-wur, phr., not without: 不無少補 not without some benefit.
243. 不揚 buh-yarng, adj., (LL) uglylooking: 其貌不揚.
244. 不要 bur-yauh, vb. aux., (1) will not, do not want (to, or a thing);
245. 不要 bur-yauh, vb. aux., (2) (optative) do not (do s.t.): 不要動 do not move;
246. 不要 bur-yauh, vb. aux., (photography) hold it;
247. 不要 bur-yauh, vb. aux., 不要臉 shameless.
248. 不一 buh-yi, phr., (1) (also 不一一) and so forth;
249. 不一 buh-yi, phr., innumerable;
250. 不一 buh-yi, phr., (2) not uniform (opinion).
251. 不意 buh-yih, phr., (LL) never thought that.
252. 不已 buh-yii, adv., without stop.
253. 不由 buh-your, phr., (1) see bur-jihn↑;
254. 不由 buh-your, phr., (2) 不由分說 without giving one the opportunity to explain.
255. 不由得 buh-your-’de, phr., see bur-jihn↑.
256. 不遇 buh-yuh1¹, phr., had no chance to meet or recognized by person who might help.
257. 不豫 bur-yuh², adj., (1) (LL) not well;
258. 不豫 bur-yuh², adj., (2) displeased.
259. 不用 bur-yuhng, vb. aux., (1) need not (tell you, etc.);
260. 不用 bur-yuhng, vb. aux., (2) (optative) you need not (go, doubt, etc.);
261. 不用 bur-yuhng, vb. aux., 不用說 needless to say, let alone.
262. 不渝 buh-yur¹, adj., (love, etc.) unchangeable.
263. 不虞 buh-yur², adj. & n., an untoward event.

下 Num. Index: 31.22 shiah .

N. (1) Underneath, the position under, position below: 樓下 downstairs;
山下 foothills;
桌下 beneath the table;
燈下 in the light;
indicationg relative position of person being addressed in letters or spoken to: 閣下 esteemed sir (at the tower);
膝下 my dear parents (at your knees);
麾下 addressed to a general (at your flag of command);
殿下 to a prince (at the palace);
陛下 to His Majesty (at the steps of royal palace);
足下 gen. use (at your feet), 足下 and 閣下 also used as “sir”: 閣下（足下）以為如何 what do you think.
(2) Indicating time or situation: 這下子 at present;
比較之下 (loses) in comparison;
想了一下 after due thinking;
等一下子 wait a while;
一下子就完了 will soon be finished;
目下 at present discourse—will not go into it now;
不在話下 not in context of present discussion.
(3) Place: 兩下相思 longing for each other in different places;
四下亂找 looking for in all directions;
八下張羅 try to get (money) in all directions;
都下 at the capital;
鄉下 in the village;
鄉下人 villagers, peasants.
(4) Person in inferior position: 在下 people under;
底下人 people under s.o.;
上下，上上下下 those above and below;
愚下 (court.) my stupid self.
(5) A number of times: 打三下手心 give three strikes on the palm;
鐘打一下 the clock strikes one.

v.i. & t. (1) To descend, dismount, unload, disembark: 下樓 come downstairs;
下船 go on board;
下飛機 disembark;
下貨 unload;
下馬 dismount;
下山，下坡 go down the slope;
下臺 get off the stage, political or theatrical;
下不了臺 cannot find a way out of embarrassing situation;
臉上下得去 will not look too bad.
(2) To fall, to drop: 下雨，下雪，下雹 it rains, it snows, hails;
to drop;
下炸彈 drop bombs;
下雞蛋 lay eggs;
下淚 tear falls.
(3) To set down, put down, pull down: 下旗 hoist flag down;
下筆 to set down with pen on paper;
下箸 to take food with chopsticks;
下鍋 to put raw food into cooking pan;
下帷 to let down curtains.
(4) To issue (edicts, orders, appointments): 下令 issue orders;
下詔 issue imperial edict;
下定義 lay down, give a definition;
下帖 send out invitation card;
下聘書 send letter of appointment.
(5) To take, make a move: 下決心 take a firm resolve;
下功夫 to put forth effort;
下壓力 put pressure on;
下棋 play chess;
下棋子 make a move in chess;
這一只下得不錯 it is a good move;
下酒 take (canap�) to go with wine;
下飯 to take s.t. to go with rice.
(6) To put up money: 下本錢 put up capital;
下定錢 put down deposit;
下一注 put up stakes.
(7) Go into: 下店 put up at an inn;
下獄，下監牢 go into gaol;
下地獄 go into hell;
下海 put out to sea;
下鄉 to go to the country.
(8) To come off from (school, duty): 下學 come off from school;
下班，下課 come off from class;
下班，下伍 off from duty.
(9) (LL) to be courteous toward: 禮賢下士 courteous.
(10) (LL) to take a city: 連下三城 took three cities.

Adj. (1) Inferior: 下等貨 inferior goods;
下流 lower-grade;
also (person) ungentlemanly, unprincipled.
(2) Following next, below: 下文 the following;
下一天 following day;
下午 afternoon;
上卷，下卷 first, second volume;
上半，下半 first half, second half;
下禮拜一 next Monday;
下一次，下回 next time;
下下星期 week after next.

Adv. Down: 投下，扔下 throw down;
攻下 capture (a city);
坐下 sit down;
打下基礎 lay the foundation;
訂下合同 sign a treaty;
拋下妻子 abandon family;
賸下一個 be left alone.

Prep. Under, beneath (as postposition in Chin. used after the nn. it governs: 桌下，山下 under the table, below the hills (nominal sense under N.1－5↑).

Words 1. 下巴頦（兒） shiah-’ba-ke (’l), n., the chin.
2. 下把 shiah-baa, phr., stretch hand: 下把去抓 stretch hand to grab s.t.
3. 下襬 shiah-baai, n., hem of long gown.
4. 下半晌（兒） shiah-bahn-shaang (’l), n., afternoon.
5. 下半天（兒） shiah-bahn-tian (shiah-bahn-tia-’l), n., ditto.
6. 下半夜（兒） shiah-bahn-yieih (shiah-bahn-yeh-’l), n., later half of the night.
7. 下拜 shiah-baih, v.i., to bow low (to person).
8. 下班 shih-ban, v.i., to come off from class;
9. 下班 shih-ban, v.i., off from duty.
10. 下輩（兒）（子） shiah-beih (shiah-bei-’l) (tz), n., the lower generation.
11. 下邊（兒） shiah-bian (shiah-bia-’l), n., the underneath.
12. 下筆 shiah-bii, v.i., to set down on paper, to write.
13. 下膊 shiah-bor, n., the lower arm.
14. 下不去 shiah-’bu-chyuh, v.i., will not go down.
15. 下不來 shiah-’bu-lair, v.i., as in 臉下不來 feel embarrassed.
16. 下部 shiah-buh, n., the lower part of body.
17. 下茶 shiah-char, v.i., to make a gift of tea as token of betrothal.
18. 下㪫 shiah-charng, n., the sequel of event;
19. 下㪫 shiah-charng, n., 下㪫頭 the end of person’s career.
20. 下車 shiah-che, v.i., formerly, to arrive at post of appointment.
21. 下欠 shiah-chiahn, v.i., to owe (a sum).
22. 下妾 shiah-chieh, n., formerly, (wife’s self-reference) your wife.
23. 下氣 shiah-chih, v.i., feel pacified.
24. 下情 shiah-chirng, n., feelings of common people.
25. 下處 shiah-’chu, n., a lodging for the night.
26. 下去 shiah-’chyuh, adv., down: 吞下去 swallow (s.t.) down;
27. 下去 shiah-’chyuh, adv., 讀下去 read on and on (usu. away from speaker, opp. 下來 down toward speaker);
28. 下去 shiah-’chyuh, adv., 拖下去 take it away;
29. 下去 shiah-’chyuh, adv., 拖下來 take it down.
30. 下的 shiah-’de, v.t., (MC) bear to (also wr. 下得).
31. 下得去 shiah-’de-chyuh, adj., tolerable, passable.
32. 下等 shiah-deeng, adj., of inferior grade.
33. 下第 shiah-dih, v.i., to fail at examinations.
34. 下定 shiah-dihng¹, v.i., to make gift in token of formal betrothal.
35. 下椗 shiah-dihng², v.i., to cast anchor.
36. 下（個）底 shiah (’ge)dii, v.i., to map out course of action.
37. 下放 shiah-fahng, v.i. & t., reassign from urban to rural areas.
38. 下凡 shiah-farn, v.i., (of fairy) to come down to earth.
39. 下風 shiah-feng, n., leeway;
40. 下風 shiah-feng, n., in inferior position.
41. 下疳 shiah-gan, n., a chancre.
42. 下脘 shiah-guaan, n., (Chin. med.) exit of stomach, duodenum.
43. 下國 shiah-guor, n., (LL court.) speaker’s own country.
44. 下海 shiah-haai, v.i., to put out to sea.
45. 下懷 shiah-huair, n., (LL court.) my concern, feelings.
46. 下嫁 shiah-jiah, v.i., formerly, (of a princess) to marry commoner, or people of lower rank.
47. 下賤 shiah-jiahn, adj., cheap, low (person) undignified (work).
48. 下焦 shiah-jiau, n., exit of bladder.
49. 下界 shiah-jieh, n., the human world, opp. fairyland.
50. 下注 shiah-juh, v.i., put up stakes, capital.
51. 下款（兒） shiah-kuaan (shiah-kuaa-’l), n., signture on the side of a scroll.
52. 下來 shiah-’lai, adv., down (usu. toward speaker), see shiah-chyuh↑.
53. 下里 shiah-lii, n., the country side;
54. 下里 shiah-lii, n., 下里巴人 a popular song.
55. 下流 shiah-liour, n. & adj., lower part of stream;
56. 下流 shiah-liour, n. & adj., low class (people).
57. 下落 shiah-luoh, n., whereabouts.
58. 下面（兒） shiah-’mian (shiah-mia-’l), n., below, see shiah-bian↑.
59. 下女 shiah-nyuu, n., (Jap.) maid servant.
60. 下品 shiah-piin, n., lower grade.
61. 下身（兒） shiah-shen (shiah-she-’l), n., (1) lower part of body;
62. 下身（兒） shiah-shen (shiah-she-’l), n., (2) pants.
63. 下弦 shiah-shiarn, n., third quarter of the moon.
64. 下手 shiah-shoou¹, v.i., to start (doing).
65. 下首 shiah-shoou², n., the place next below.
66. 下水禮 shiah-shueei-lii, n., ceremony of lauching a ship.
67. 下世 shiah-shyh¹, n., future generation.
68. 下室 shiah-shyh², n., (AC) bedroom.
69. 下旬 shiah-shyurn, n., the next ten days;
70. 下旬 shiah-shyurn, n., the last ten days of a month.
71. 下死的 shiah-syy-’de, adv., with all one’s energy.
72. 下台 shiah-tair, v.i., to be relieved of office.
73. 下堂 shiah-tarng, v.i., v.i., to be divorced.
74. 下體 shiah-tii, n., lower part of body, see shiah-shen↑.
75. 下頭 shiah-’tou, n., (1) underneath;
76. 下頭 shiah-’tou, n., (2) the servants in gen.
77. 下策 shiah-tseh, n., inadvisable plan.
78. 下土 shiah-tuu, n., the earth, the countryside.
79. 下作 shiah-’tzou, adj., low, contemptible (work, person).
80. 下浣 shiah-waan, n., the third ten days of a month.
81. 下問 shiah-wehn, v.i., to ask of one less learned than oneself.
82. 下帷 shiah-weir, v.i., to pull the curtains and teach, or study.
83. 下文 shiah-wern, n., the continuation;
84. 下文 shiah-wern, n., what follows an event: 不見下文 sequel unknown.
85. 下意識 shiah-yih-shy, n., the subconscious.
86. 下游 shiah-your, n., lower stretch of river, estuary.
87. 下元 shiah-yuarn, n., formerly, 15th day of 10th lunar month.
88. 下愚 shiah-yur¹, n., very stupid person.
89. 下餘 shiah-yur², n., remnant.

奡 Num. Index: 31.22 auh .

N. Name of anc. person.

Adj. U.f. 傲 91A.82.

工 Num. Index: 31.30 gung .

N. (1) A manual worker: 工人 gung-rern, 工匠 gung-jiahng, 工役 gung-yih¹↓;
技工 a skilled worker;
勞工 labor, the working class.
(2) Manual labor, craftsmanship: 工事 gung-shyh, 工程 gung-cherng↓;
工價 labor cost;
工錢，工資，工銀 wages;
工料 labor and materials;
手工 handicraft;
精工 skilled labor;
人工 human labor, manpower;
人工授精 artificial insemination;
木工 carpentry;
鐵工 ironwork(er)s;
工商 industry and trade;
農工 agriculture and industry;
半工半讀 working one’s way through college;
工讀生 a part-time student worker, work scholarship student;
包工 contractual labor;
散工 odd jobs, piece labor;
長工 day labor;
開工 to start work;
收工 to cease work;
完工 completion of work.
(3) Man-days.

Adj. (1) Skilled, skillful, dexterous: 工細 gung-shih, 工巧 gung-chiaau, 工筆 gung-bii↓.
(2) Good at, expert: 工於此道 good at this kind of work;
工書 (be) expert at calligraphy.

Words 1. 工本 gung-been, n., cost of production.
2. 工筆 gung-bii, n., (painting) works done with fine, delicate strokes.
3. 工兵 gung-bing, n., (mil.) engineer corps.
4. 工部 gung-buh, n., formerly, one of the six boards of the central government in charge of public works: 工部局 formerly, the Municipal Council of foreign concessions.
5. 工廠 gung-chaang¹, n., a factory, plant.
6. 工場 gung-chaang², n., an industrial plant or working area, a workshop.
7. 工潮 gung-chaur, n., labor strike.
8. 工程 gung-cherng, n., engineering, construction work: 工程師 an engineer;
9. 工程 gung-cherng, n., 土木工程，電氣工程，化學工程 civil, electrical, chemical (etc.) engineering;
10. 工程 gung-cherng, n., 機械工程，建築工程 mechanical, construction engineering.
11. 工巧 gung-chiaau, adj., skillful, dexterous.
12. 工錢 gung-chiarn, n., wages.
13. 工尺 gung-chyy, n., the Chin. musical scale.
14. 工黨 gung-daang, n., the labor party.
15. 工夫 gung-fu, n., (1) work, labor;
16. 工夫 gung-fu, n., (2) (gung-’fu) time, leisure, labor spent on a piece of work, degree of perfection attained in any line of work;
17. 工夫 gung-fu, n., (3) (gung-’fu-’l) a point of time: 正在說話的工夫兒，他就來了 he came as I was talking;
18. 工夫 gung-fu, n., a spare moment: 你有工夫兒麼 do you have a moment to spare?
19. 工會 gung-hueih, n., trade or labor union.
20. 工整 gung-jeeng, adj., (callig.) neat and orderly.
21. 工匠 gung-jiahng, n., an artisan, a mechanic.
22. 工緻 gung-jyh, adj., neat and refined.
23. 工具 gung-jyuh, n., a tool, an instrument: 工具書 reference books.
24. 工科 gung-ke, n., (school of) engineering.
25. 工課 gung-keh, n., lessons, studies (also 功課).
26. 工力 gung-lih, n., labor force;
27. 工力 gung-lih, n., (callig.) force and skill.
28. 工碼兒 gung-maa-’l, n., chips representing wages.
29. 工人 gung-rern, n., a laborer, a manual worker.
30. 工細 gung-shih, adj., (of material products or artistic works) fine, skillful, refined, meticulously finished, see gung-jyh↑.
31. 工事 gung-shyh, n., engineering works.
32. 工頭 gung-tour, n., a foreman.
33. 工徒 gung-tur, n., an apprentice.
34. 工作 gung-tzuoh, (1) n., work, job;
35. 工作 gung-tzuoh, (2) v.i., to work: 不能工作 cannot work.
36. 工資 gung-tzy, n., wages.
37. 工穩 gung-ween, adj., (of artistic or litr. works) elegant and in good taste.
38. 工業 gung-yeh, n., industry (opp. 農業 agriculture);
39. 工業 gung-yeh, n., 工業革命 industrial revolution.
40. 工役 gung-yih¹, n., manual service or work.
41. 工藝 gung-yih², n., craftsmanship, technical skill.
42. 工友 gung-yoou, n., an office boy;
43. 工友 gung-yoou, n., (modn. & polite) any worker.

五 Num. Index: 31.30 wuu .

Adj. The number five: 五尺之童 (AC) a young boy of five anc. feet;
五體投地 complete prostration;
五斗米 (allu.) five bushels of rice—petty salary;
五世 for five generations;
also see many compp.↓;
五角大廈 Pentagon;
五旬節 Pentacost;
五日京兆 (allu.) governor of capital frequently changed—said of constant shift of office;
五里霧中 lost in impenetrable fog or mystery;
used in sense of multifarious: 五方雜處 (city where) peoples from all regions congregrate;
五零四散 all dispersed;
五花繃裂 crackled;
五光十色 all kinds (of people, things);
五花八門 all kinds of skill;
五胡 five tribes of Mongol (匈奴，鮮卑，氐，羌，羯), northern barbarians, 五湖四海 all the seas and lakes everywhere;
五行 wuu-shirng¹↓;
五行 (wuu-harng) 八作, various small tradesmen;
五月 May;
五四運動 May Fourth Movement (1919).

Words 1. 五霸 wuu-bah, n., the five successive leaders of alliances of states in 春秋 period: 齊桓公，宋襄公，晉文公，秦穆公，楚莊王.
2. 五倍子 wuu-beih-tzyy, n., galls or knobs formed on leaves by insects or bacteria, rich in tannic acid and used in medicine.
3. 五釵松 wuu-chai-sung, n., (bot.) a variety of pine, Pinus parviflora var. pentaphylla.
4. 五常 wuu-charng, n., (1) the five cardinal human relationships, see wuu-lurn↓;
5. 五常 wuu-charng, n., (2) the five basic virtues: 仁 kindness, 義 justice, 禮 good manners, 智 wisdom and 信 honesty.
6. 五七 wuu-chi, n., (1) the 35th day after death of person (of fifth multiple of seven) when mass is said;
7. 五七 wuu-chi, n., (2) five to seven, like saying “five or six.”
8. 五權憲法 wuu-chyuarn-shiahn-faa, n., the five branches of government in mod n. Chin. constitution: legislative, executive, judicial, censorate and civil service.
9. 五代 wuu-daih, n., the “Five Dynasties” (907－960 A.D.): 後梁，後唐，後晉，後漢 and 後周 see Appendix D.
10. 五帝 wuu-dih, n., the five legendary emperors in prehistoric China 太昊，炎帝，黃帝，少昊，顓頊 see Appendix D.
11. 五短 wuu-duaan, n. & adj., person short in head, arms and legs.
12. 五毒 wuu-dur, n., the five poisonous animals in Chin. med.: the snake, the lizard, the scorpion, the toad and the centipede, used to “fight poison with poison.”
13. 五方 wuu-fang, n., all directions: 五方人士 people from all regions.
14. 五分 wuu-fen, adj., fifty percent: 五分明兒 early dawn.
15. 五服 wuu-fur¹, n., the five degrees of mourning: (a) 斬衰 with cut and unhemmed hempen cloth, worn for parents and husbands for 27 months;
16. 五服 wuu-fur¹, n., (b) 齊衰 with cut and hemmed hempen cloth, worn for grandparents, etc. for one year;
17. 五服 wuu-fur¹, n., (c) 大功 for brothers, sisters, etc., worn for 9 months;
18. 五服 wuu-fur¹, n., (d) 小功 for uncles, aunts, etc., for 5 months;
19. 五服 wuu-fur¹, n., (e) 緦麻 for distant relatives for 3 months.
20. 五福 wuu-fur², n., the five blessings, according to AC explanation: long life, wealth, good health, good relations with others, and natural death (壽，富，康寧，攸好德，考終命).
21. 五更 wuu-geng (sp. pr. wuu-jing), n., (1) the fifth watch of the night, near dawn;
22. 五更 wuu-geng (sp. pr. wuu-jing), n., (2) 三老五更 (AC) venerable elders of the country, treated with special honors (更 explained as experience in various affairs).
23. 五官 wuu-guan, n., the five sense organs: the ear, the eye, the mouth, the nose and the heart.
24. 五鼓 wur-guu¹, n., the fifth watch, see wuu-geng↑.
25. 五穀 wur-guu², n., the different grains of harvest.
26. 五虎棍 wur-huu-guhn, n., an acrobatic fight with clubs, played by five or six persons.
27. 五加 wuu-jia, n., a spicy plant, Acanthopanax spinosum;
28. 五加 wuu-jia, n., 五加皮 liquor soaked in bark of this plant.
29. 五金 wuu-jin, n., the five metals: gold, silver, copper, iron, pewter;
30. 五金 wuu-jin, n., 五金行 dealers in metals in gen.
31. 五經 wuu-jing, n., the Five Classics: 詩，書，易，禮，春秋 the Book of Poetry, Book of History, Book of Changes, Book of Li (social forms and ceremonies) and the Annals.
32. 五魁 wuu-kueir, n., first five top candidates in second degree examinations, also interpreted as No.2－6, excluding No.1.
33. 五勞 wuu-laur, n., (Chin. med.) the ailments of the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys.
34. 五斂子 wuu-liahn-tzyy, n., (bot.) Averrhoa carambola, a tropical tree;
35. 五斂子 wuu-liahn-tzyy, n., its fruit made into jelly.
36. 五靈脂 wuu-lirng-jy, n., a Chin. med. made from droppings of certain insects.
37. 五倫 wuu-lurn, n., (Confu.) the five cardinal relationships: between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, between brothers and between friends.
38. 五律 wuu-lyuh, n., a prescribed verse form of eight lines of five characters each.
39. 五內 wuu-neih, n., the viscerals: 五內俱焚 feelings extremely upset with sorrow, etc.
40. 五色 wuu-seh (sp. pr. wuu-shaai), the five colors: blue, yellow, red, white and black.
41. 五聲 wuu-sheng, n., the five notes of the pentatonic scale: 宮，商，角，徵 (pr. jy) 羽 do, re, mi, sol, la.
42. 五線譜 wuu-shiahn-puu, n., the musical score (with five lines).
43. 五項運動 wuu-shiahng-yuhn-duhng, n., pentathlon.
44. 五香 wuu-shiang, n., a mixture of various spices.
45. 五星 wuu-shing, n., the five planets: 金，木，水，火，土 Venus, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, Saturn.
46. 五刑 wuu-shirng¹, n., the five anc. punishments: tattoo, cutting off nose, feet, castration and death, 墨，劓，剕，宮，大辟.
47. 五行 wuu-shirng², n., the Five Elements, representing five states of forces of expansion or condensation (the plus energy, or yarng, expansion;
48. 五行 wuu-shirng², the minus energy, or yin, condensation);
49. 五行 wuu-shirng², 木 wood (Lesser Yarng) ＋;
50. 五行 wuu-shirng², 火 fire (Greater Yarng) ＋＋;
51. 五行 wuu-shirng², 土 earth (Equilibrium) ＋－ or 0;
52. 五行 wuu-shirng², 金 metal (Lesser Yin) －;
53. 五行 wuu-shirng², 水 water (Greater Yin) －－.
54. 五鬚松 wuu-shyu-sung, n., see wuu-chai-sung↑.
55. 五彩 wur-tsaai, adj., multicolored.
56. 五臟 wuu-tzahng, n., the five internal organs: the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys.
57. 五族 wuu-tzur, n., the Five Races: 漢，滿，蒙，回，藏 Chinese, Manchus, Mongolians, Mohammedans and Tibetans.
58. 五味 wuu-weih, n., the five flavors: 甜，酸，苦，辣，鹹 sweet, sour, bitter, hot and salty.
59. 五味子 wuu-weihh-tzyy, n., (bot.) of two kinds: 北五味子 Schizandra chinensis, and 南五味子 Kadsura japonica.
60. 五言詩 wuu-yarn-shy, n., poem of five-character lines.
61. 五音 wuu-yin, n., see wuu-sheng↑.
62. 五嶽 wuu-yueh, n., the five sacred mountains: 泰山 Taihshan in Shantung, 衡山 Herngshan in Hunan, 華山 Huarshan in Shensi, 恆山 Hernshan in Hopei, 嵩山 Sungshan in Honan.
63. 五月節 wuu-yueh-jier, n., the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, called the festival of 端陽 duan-yarng or 端午 duan-wuu.

互 Num. Index: 31.30 huh .

Adj. & adv. Mutual, -ly, each other: 互相 huh-shiang↓;
互愛 love one another;
互忌，互妒 jealous of each other;
互選 mutually elect;
互不侵犯 (條約) (mutual) non-aggression (treaty);
互不干涉 mutual non-interferenee.

Words 1. 互保 huh-baau, v.i. & n., (give) guarantee for each other.
2. 互惠 huh-hueih, adj., (of agreements) of mutual benefit.
3. 互助 huh-juh, (1) adj., cooperative;
4. 互助 huh-juh, (2) n., mutual aid or help.
5. 互相 huh-shiang, adv., mutually, each other: 互相敬愛 mutually respect and love;
6. 互相 huh-shiang, adv., 互相干涉 interfere with each other;
7. 互相 huh-shiang, adv., 互相牽連 involve each other, be interrelated, etc.

亙 Num. Index: 31.30 gehn (also gehng ). [Var. 鋛]

N. A surname.

V.i. Extend across, from one end to another: 亙以淥水 the river Lu runs right through it;
橫亙 lie across;
綿亙 extend in an unbroken line;
聯亙 be interconnected.

Prep. From: 亙古 from ancient times;
亙古以來 from of old;
亙古一人 the one and only man from of old, referring to Confucius;
亙古通 (至) 今 from the earliest times down to the present.

丕 Num. Index: 31.30 pi .

V.t. (AC) receive, inherit in comb. 丕承.

Adj. (LL) Great, grand: 丕功，丕績 grand achievement;
丕基，丕業 the great heritage, usu. referring to founding of royal house.

Adv. (LL) Greatly, gloriously: 丕烈，丕顯 splendid, glorious.

正 Num. Index: 31.30 jehng (*jeng ).

N. (1) Chief: 里正，村正 formerly, chief of precinct, of village.
(2) Wife in 令正 your wife (from 正室, dist. 副室 concubine);
扶正 make the concubine wife after wife is dead;
cf. 明媒正娶 legally married.
(3) Orthodoxy: 去邪歸正 return to orthodox path;
正誤表 errata.
(4) (*jeng) First month: 正月 January;
新正 New Year;
來正 coming New Year.

V.t. To rectify, make correct, adjust properly, follow the law: 正其衣冠 adjust dress and hat properly: 正襟危坐 sit properly (with dress buttoned) and sit gingerly;
正名 jehng-mirng↓;
改正 to correct;
正誤 to correct misprints;
修正 revise (laws, text);
訂正 establish correct text;
指正 act as correct guide;
就正有道 ask for guidance or correction from those who know;
尚請教正 please advise and correct;
正法 jehng-faa↓.

Adj. (1) Right (side, doctrine), proper, correct: 正面 jehng-miahn↓;
正道，正路，正途，正軌 jehng-dauh, jehng-luh, jehng-tur, jehng-gueei↓;
not oblique: 端正 (face) properly proportioned, proper (conduct).
(2) Main, center opp. 偏 pian, side: 正廳 main hall;
正殿 main temple or palace;
正室 legal wife;
正門 main or center door;
principal, opp. 副 secondary or subsidiary: 正科 major course, opp. 副科 minor course;
正業 main occupation (opp. 副業);
正號 correct, formal title.
(3) Exact, due: 正東，正南 exact due east, due south;
正中 exact enter.
(4) Orthodox: 正統 jehng-tuung↓;
正枝正葉 or 嫡正子孫 the linear descendants.
(5) Upright, just: 正直 jehng-jyr¹;
正氣，正義 jehng-chih, jehng-yih↓.
(6) Positive (electricity): 正電，負電 positive and negative electricity.
(7) Pure, unmixed: 正味 pure flavors;
正色 jehng-seh↓.

Adv. (1) Just, exactly: 正合我的意思 that is exactly my idea;
正是那個人 exactly that person;
正巧 jehng-chiaau↓;
正應該 just what should be done;
正十二時 exactly tweleve o’colock;
(put behind numbers in checks to prevent alteration): 三千元正 three thousand dollars exact.
(2) Just in the process of doing: 正在 or 正吃飯 was just having dinner;
正想 I was just thinking (of calling you up, etc.);
正要 was just going to.

Words 1. 正本 jehng-been, (1) n., the orthodox copy (of book);
2. 正本 jehng-been, n., ribbon copy (of letter, document) (opp. 副本 carbon copy);
3. 正本 jehng-been, (2) v.i., as in 正本清源 (王陽明) reform from the bottom, or from the heart.
4. 正比例 jehng-bii-lih, n., as in 成正比例 is in direct proportion.
5. 正常 jehng-charng, adj., normal (opp. 反常 abnormal).
6. 正巧 jehng-chiaau, adv., by a happy chance (he walked in when I needed him).
7. 正氣 jehng-chih, n., the sense of honor, sense of right, the moral sense.
8. 正寢 jehng-chiin, v.i., esp. in 壽終正寢 die peacefully in bed.
9. 正確 jehng-chyueh, adj., correct (figures, understanding): 思想不正確 questionable thinking or ideas.
10. 正取 jehng-chyuu, adj., regularly passed candidate, dist. 備取 those on reserve list.
11. 正大 jehng-dah, adj., as in 正大光明 (signboard for the throne room) impartial, just and open.
12. 正旦 jehng-dahn, n., (1) main female role in opera;
13. 正旦 jehng-dahn, n., (2) (*jeng-dahn) New Year’s Day.
14. 正當 jehng-dahng, (1) adj., proper (opportunity, work, relations);
15. 正當 jehng-dahng, (2) (jehng-dang) adv., just as (I was leaving, etc.).
16. 正道 jehng-dauh, n., orthodox doctrine or teachings.
17. 正電 jehng-diahn, n., positive electricity.
18. 正對點 jehng-dueh-diaan, n., (astron.) antipode.
19. 正法 jehng-faa, v.t., to execute (prisoner) (“according to law”): 就地正法 execute(d) on the spot.
20. 正犯 jehng-fahn, n., main culprit.
21. 正方 jehng-fang, (1) adj., exactly square;
22. 正方 jehng-fang, adj., 正方形 exact square;
23. 正方 jehng-fang, (2) phr., just as (one was doing s.t.).
24. 正該 jehng-gai, phr., should exactly: 正該如此 exactly as it should be.
25. 正軌 jehng-gueei, n., the right track, the correct path (of conduct).
26. 正規 jehng-guei, adj., regular: 正規軍 jehng-guei-jyun, n., units of the regular army.
27. 正宮 jehng-gung, n., the rightful queen or empress (opp. imperial concubines).
28. 正果 jehng-guoo, n., (Budd.) spiritual progress through right path.
29. 正好 jehng-haau, (1) adv., at the right (apposite) moment;
30. 正好 jehng-haau, (2) phr., just right.
31. 正號 jehng-hauh, n., correct title.
32. 正張兒 jehng-jang-’l, n., regular pages of newspaper, opp. 副張兒 supplement.
33. 正轍 jehng-jer, n., right track, path.
34. 正角 jehng-jiaau, n., (math.) right angle.
35. 正經 jehng-’jing, adj., serious, not frivolous: 正經人 a man with serious occupation;
36. 正經 jehng-’jing, adj., 正經話 serious words, not said in fun;
37. 正經 jehng-’jing, adj., 正經貨 the real article, not imitation.
38. 正中 jehng-jung, adj., squarely in the middle.
39. 正支 jehng-jy, n., (1) legitimate expense;
40. 正支 jehng-jy, n., (2) branch of eldest son.
41. 正直 jehng-jyr¹, adj., morally upright.
42. 正值 jehng-jyr², phr., just happen (to be a Sunday).
43. 正覺 jehng-jyueir, n., (Budd.) real awakening to truth.
44. 正理 jehng-lii, n., (1) justice;
45. 正理 jehng-lii, n., (2) proper manner or way: 這樣做是正理 this is the right way to do it.
46. 正路 jehng-luh, n., the right path.
47. 正論 jehng-luhn, n., correct, impartial opinion.
48. 正面 jehng-miahn, n., the right side, opp. 反面 the reverse side.
49. 正命 jehng-mihng, n., (AC) natural death.
50. 正名 jehng-mirng, n., as in 正名主義 (Confu.) the doctrine of calling a thing by its right name.
51. 正派 jehng-paih, adj. & n., (1) (people) of the serious, gentlemanly type;
52. 正派 jehng-paih, adj. & n., (2) the orthodox school.
53. 正牌兒 jehng-par-’l, n., original brand (of goods).
54. 正人 jehng-rern, n., gentleman: 正人君子 gentleman;
55. 正人 jehng-rern, n., (also derog.) hypocrite, quasi-gentleman.
56. 正三角形 jehng-san-jiaau-shirng, n., (math) right triangle.
57. 正色 jehng-seh, n., (1) severe countenance: 正色厲聲 with a severe countenance and a harsh voice;
58. 正色 jehng-seh, n., (2) solid, pure colors.
59. 正身 jehng-shen, v.i., as in 先正其身 (Confucian) start by right personal conduct as an example.
60. 正生 jehng-sheng, n., main male role in opera.
61. 正獻 jehng-shiahn, n., chief officer at sacrifices.
62. 正項 jehng-shiahng, n., (math.) positive term.
63. 正心 jehng-shin, v.i., (Confu.) to set the heart in the right place, one of the steps of self-cultivation.
64. 正書 jehng-shu, n., the formal style of script (＝楷書).
65. 正數 jehng-shuh, n., (math.) a plus quantity, dist. 負數 minus quantity.
66. 正朔 *jeng-shuoh, n., (1) the New Year’s Day;
67. 正朔 *jeng-shuoh, n., (2) official calendar: 改正朔 change the calendar.
68. 正式 jehng-shyh¹, adj. & adv., formal, -ly (adoption, marriage, resign,-nation, negotiate, -tion, etc.).
69. 正事 jehng-shyh², n., what is one’s proper duty;
70. 正事 jehng-shyh², n., proper avocation.
71. 正室 jehng-shyh³, n., wife.
72. 正是 jehng-shyh⁴, phr., be exactly: 正是心所願 exactly what I wish.
73. 正學 jehng-shyuer, n., (Confu.) orthodox school or opinions, opp. 曲學，異端 heresy, heterodoxy, not orthodox opinions.
74. 正兇 jehng-shyung, n., main culprit.
75. 正史 jehng-shyy, n. standard, authorized history, dist. 野史 privately compiled history.
76. 正堂 jehng-tarng, n., formerly, chief magistrate.
77. 正體 jehng-tii, n., standard way of writing (characters).
78. 正途 jehng-tur, n., proper avocation;
79. 正途 jehng-tur, n., the moral path.
80. 正統 jehng-tuung, n., (1) orthodox tradition of thought or ideas;
81. 正統 jehng-tuung, n., (2) (Chin. history) standard line of succession, or universal sovereignty, dist. rulers of parts of China only.
82. 正在 jehng-tzaih, phr., 正在 or 正在…中 in the process of (writing a letter, planning, etc.).
83. 正則 jehng-tzer, n., correct procedure.
84. 正宗 jehng-tzung, n., main school of thought;
85. 正宗 jehng-tzung, n., main line of succession;
86. 正宗 jehng-tzung, n., the right and conventional, accepted tradition.
87. 正文 jehng-weern, n., the text, dist. running commentary.
88. 正午 jehng-wuu, n., midnoon.
89. 正顏 jehng-yarn, severe countenance.
90. 正業 jehng-yeh, n., main occupation.
91. 正義 jehng-yih, n., (1) justice, the cause of justice;
92. 正義 jehng-yih, n., (1) 正義感 sense of righteousness;
93. 正義 jehng-yih, n., (2) often name of book of commentary on classic, chiefly exegetical.
94. 正音 jehng-yin, n., correct pronunciation.
95. 正月 *jeng-yueh, n., January.

歪 Num. Index: 31.30 wai (*waai ).

v.i. & t. (1) To incline to one side: 歪著頭 turn head sideaways.
(2) To take a nap or rest by lying down on one side: 歪一下 take a short rest on couch.
(3) To shift the blame: 竟把這事歪到我身上來 shift the blame on me.
(4) To twist: 歪了腳 (*waai) to twist the ankle, to trip one’s foot;
歪七扭八 (wai) to twist around, to jiggle body.

Adj. (1) Not straight, not balanced, inclined to one side: 歪歪 wai-wai↓.
(2) Devious, crooked (words, thoughts): 歪念頭，歪主意 crooked ideas.
(3) Immoral, indecent: 歪剌，歪貨 wai-lah, wai-huoh↓.

Words 1. 歪憋 wai-bie, v.i., make disorderly conduct, make mischief.
2. 歪纏 wai-charn, v.t., to bother persistently.
3. 歪曲 wai-chyu, v.t., to falsify: 歪曲事實 to distort story or facts.
4. 歪貨 wai-huoh, n., (sl.) woman of loose morals.
5. 歪著 wai-’je, v.i., to incline on couch for short rest.
6. 歪盔子 wai-kuei-tz, n., (sl.) false pretext for starting trouble.
7. 歪剌 wai-lah, adj., indecent, undesirable: 歪剌骨，歪剌貨 (abuse) a louse, blackguard.
8. 歪毛兒 wai-maur-’l, n., a child’s hair done on one side, also such child: 歪毛兒, (淘氣兒) (1) mischievous child;
9. 歪毛兒 wai-maur-’l, n., (2) a loafer, ne’er-do-well.
10. 歪派 wai-’pai, v.t., to shift blame on s.o.
11. 歪斜 wai-shier, adj., inclined on one side, slanting (hat, etc.).
12. 歪詩 wai-shy, n., rotten verse;
13. 歪詩 wai-shy, n., not serious poetry.
14. 歪詞兒 wai-tser-’l, n., indecent defamatory talk.
15. 歪歪 wai-wai, adj., slanting, crooked: 歪歪扭扭，歪歪擰擰 twisting, -ed.

巫 Num. Index: 31.30 wur (also wu , sp. pr ).

N. (1) A witch, sorcerer, -ress.
(2) A surname.

Words 1. 巫蠱 wu-guu n., sorcery.
2. 巫咒 wu-jouh n., sorcerer’s incantation.
3. 巫婆 wu-por n., a sorceress.
4. 巫覡 wu-shir n., sorcerer (覡) and sorceress (巫).
5. 巫術 wu-shuh n., sorcery, witchcraft.
6. 巫師 wu-shy n., sorcerer.
7. 巫醫 wu-yi n., (AC) one who practised magic and medicine.

亞 Num. Index: 31.30 yah (also yaa ).

N. (yah or yaa) Asia, short for 亞細亞洲;
東南亞 Southeast Asia;
歐亞 Europe and Asia;
亞美 Asia and America.

Adj. Second: 亞子，亞軍 yah-tzyy, yah-jyun↓;
不亞於人 second to none;
亞飯 second meal;
亞獻 second in series of three sacrificial offerings.

Words 1. 亞鉛 yah-chian, n., zinc (＝鋅).
2. 亞喬木 yah-chiaur-muh, n., medium-sized trees, like peach, pear, fig.
3. 亞膠 yah-jiau, n., gelatine.
4. 亞洲 Yah-jou, n., Asia.
5. 亞軍 yah-jyun, n., winner of second prize in contests.
6. 亞麻 yah-mar, n., (bot.) flax, a flowering plant Linum usitatissimum, whose bark fiber is woven like hemp.
7. 亞賽 *yaa-saih, v.t., to match in value, skill, etc.
8. 亞細亞 Yah-shi-yah, n., Asia.
9. 亞似 *yaa-syh, v.t., see yaa-saih↑.
10. 亞子 yah-tzyy, n., (LL) second son.

盂 Num. Index: 31.30 yur .

N. A receptacle: 痰盂 a spittoon;
盂缽真傳 inherited teachings of a Budd. master (see 缽 92S.10).

盃 Num. Index: 31.30 bei [Anc. var. of 杯 10B.01]

噩 Num. Index: 31.30 eh .

Adj. (1) Shocking (news).
(2) (AC) solemn.

Words 1. 噩噩 eh-eh, adj., (AC) solemn in countenance.
2. 噩耗 eh-hauh, n., shocking news, usu. of s.o.’s death.
3. 噩夢 eh-mehng, n., evil-foreboding dream.

歹 Num. Index: 31.32 daai .

N. Bad deed: 為非作歹 do misdeeds;
不知好歹 do not appreciate what is good, do not distinguish good and bad, friend and foe.

Adj. Bad, wicked: 歹人，歹徒 wicked people;
歹意 bad intention;
歹念 immoral thoughts.

Words 1. 歹毒 daai-dur, adj., vicious (also 歹𥌓 daai-douh).

琴 Num. Index: 31.32 chirn .

N. (1) A gen. term for various stringed instruments: 鋼琴 piano;
風琴 organ: 手風琴 accordion;
口琴 harmonica;
小提琴 violin;
中提琴 viola;
大提琴 cello;
豎琴 harp;
月琴 lute;
胡琴 regular two-stringed instrument accompanying Peking opera;
琴劍 the lute and the sword, imagined to be hobbies of an elegant scholar;
琴心 music which communicates the player’s personal sentiment (love).
(2) A surname.

Words 1. 琴宝 chirn-chuarng, n., a flat support of stringed instrument.
2. 琴鍵 chirn-jiahn, n., the stops of stringed instrument.
3. 琴鳥 chirn-niaau, n., (zoo.) the lyrebird.
4. 琴譜 chirn-puu, n., music sheets or album;
5. 琴譜 chirn-puu, n., musical score.
6. 琴瑟 chirn-seh, n., the chirn and seh 瑟 (31.72), base stringed instrument—fig., of matrimonial harmony: 琴瑟不調 marital discord.
7. 琴手 chirn-shoou, n., professional musician (at night clubs, etc.).
8. 琴師 chirn-shy, n., music master.
9. 琴操 chirn-tsau, n., songs for 琴.

否 Num. Index: 31.40 foou (*pii ).

Fin. Part. (LL) fin. part. at end of questions＝or not?—汝知之否 do you know it or not? 汝知之乎 ditto (＝modn. 麼).

Adj. (*pii) Evil, bad: 否極泰來 after extreme bad luck, comes good luck;
臧否人物 (used as v.t.) criticize people.

Adv. Or not (LL, also common in vern.) usu. used closely with auxiliaries: 可否 may…or may not (＝可以，不可以);
是否 is it…or not (＝是不是);
能否 can…or not;
肯否 willing or not;
唯唯否否 answering “yes” and “no.”

Words 1. 否定 foou-dihng, v.i., decide in the negative.
2. 否決 foou-jyuer, v.i. & t., vote against, in the negative;
3. 否決 foou-jyuer, v.i. & t., 否決權 veto power.
4. 否認 foou-rehn, v.i. & t., to deny: 否認有罪 plead not guilty;
5. 否認 foou-rehn, v.i. & t., 否認借錢 deny having borrowed money.
6. 否則 foou-’tze, adv., conj., or else, if not: 你陪我們來，否則大家不去 come with us or else let’s not go at all.

吾 Num. Index: 31.40 wur .

Pron. (AC, LL and dial.) I, the first person, my, me: 吾弟，吾友my brother, my friend;
不吾欺 did not deceive me;
吾人，吾儕 wur-rern, wur-chair↓.

Words 1. 吾儕 wur-chair, pron., (LL) we.
2. 吾人 wur-rern, pron., (LL and modn.) we.
3. 吾兄 wur-shyung, pron., “my elder brother”;
4. 吾兄 wur-shyung, pron., (court. among friends) you: 吾兄以為然否 do you think so?
5. 吾曹 wur-tsaur, pron., (LL) we.
6. 吾子 wur-tzyy, pron., (LL) you;
7. 吾子 wur-tzyy, pron., (2) my son.

□ Num. Index: 31.40 chii . [Pop. of 啟 63S.82]

石 Num. Index: 31.40 shyr .

N. (1) (shyr-tz) Stone, rock: 石頭 shyr-’tou↓;
石塊 piece of stone;
石堆 a heap of rocks;
石穴，石洞，石窟 stone cave;
石室，石柱，石橋 stone house, pillar, bridge;
海枯石爛 (lovers’ pledge) till the seas dry up and rocks melt away;
石破天驚 devastating (opinion, event);
鐵石心腸 heartless (“heart of iron or stone”);
泉石之樂 the pleasures of living among rocks and springs;
浮石 pumice;
鵝卵石 round pebbles;
碎石 crushed stones;
磁石，吸鐵石 loadstone;
滑石 soapstone;
青石 granite;
崖石 rocky cliff.
(2) A dry measure for grain, a picul (of 100 catties, varying between 132 and 140 lbs.).
(3) Stone inscriptions: 金石，金石文 inscriptions on bronze and stone.
(4) Mineral elements in medicine: 藥石 medicine in gen.
(5) A surname.

Adj. (1) Made of stone.
(2) Unproductive: 石田 shyr-tiarn↓;
石女，石胎 shyr-nyuu, shyr-tai↓.

Words 1. 石板 shyr-baan¹, n., see shyr-baan²↓.
2. 石版 shyr-baan², n., (1) a slab of stone;
3. 石版 shyr-baan², n., (2) slate: 石版石 shyr-baan-shyr, n., lithographic stone.
4. 石斑魚 shyr-ban-yur, n., garoupa.
5. 石□ shyr-bie, n., (zoo.) Liolophura japonica.
6. 石壁 shyr-bih, n., stone wall, precipice, cliffside.
7. 石筆 shyr-bii, n., slate pencil;
8. 石筆 shyr-bii, n., 石筆石 shyr-bii-shyr, n., slate.
9. 石菖蒲 shyr-chang-pur, n., (bot.) Japanese sweet flag, Acorus gramineus.
10. 石長生 shyr-charng-sheng, n., maidenhair fern, Adiantum monochlamys.
11. 石器 shyr-chih, n., stone implements: 石器時代 the stone age.
12. 石青 shyr-ching, adj., dark green;
13. 石青 shyr-ching, adj., mineral color much used in Chin. painting.
14. 石宝 shyr-chuarng, n., stalagmite.
15. 石蓴 shyr-churn, n., (bot.) the common sea lettuce, Ulva lactuca.
16. 石膽 shyr-daan, n., (min.) chalcanthite (also called 梦礬).
17. 石黛 shyr-daih, n., black lead, graphite, anciently used as eye pencil.
18. 石刁柏 shyr-diau-baai, n., (bot.) garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.
19. 石耳 shyr-eel, n., an edible mushroom grown on rocks, Gyrophora rellea.
20. 石髮 shyr-faa, n., (bot.) lichens, hair-like growth on rocks (also called 髮菜).
21. 石帆 shyr-farn, n., (zoo.) a fanshaped deposit of insects like coral, Rhipidogorgia.
22. 石敢當 shyr-gaan-dang, n., a piece of stone tablet, inscribed with these words and placed facing street corners, to ward off evil spirits.
23. 石膏 shyr-gau, n., gypsum, plaster of Paris.
24. 石工 shyr-gung, n., stone mason.
25. 石鼓 shyr-guu, n., set of ten ancient stone drums containing inscriptions (石鼓文) variously ascribed to between 8th and 3rd cen. B.C.
26. 石畫 shyr-huah¹, n., mosaic.
27. 石化 shyr-huah², v.t., petrify, -fied.
28. 石黃 shyr-huarng¹, n., (min.) orpiment (also called 雄黃).
29. 石磺 shyr-huarng², n., (zoo.) a sea animal, Onchidium verruculatum.
30. 石花菜 shyr-hua-tsaih, n., (bot.) a seaweed, agar-agar, Gelidium cartilagineum.
31. 石灰 shyr-huei, n., lime;
32. 石灰 shyr-huei, n., 石灰燈 limelight;
33. 石灰 shyr-huei, n., 石灰水 Aqua calcariae, 石灰石 shyr-huei-shyr, limestone;
34. 石灰 shyr-huei, n., 石灰酸 carbolic acid, phenol;
35. 石灰 shyr-huei, n., 石灰岩 limestone.
36. 石火 shyr-huoo, n., a flash of flint sparks, symbolic of shortness of human life.
37. 石斛 shyr-hur, n., (bot.) Dendrobium moniliforme.
38. 石胡荽 shyr-hur-suei, n., (bot.) the pennywort.
39. 石基 shyr-ji, n., (geol.) groundmass.
40. 石鹹 shyr-jiaan, n., Chin. lye concoction, used like soap.
41. 石匠 shyr-jiahng, n., stone mason.
42. 石經 shyr-jing, n., inscriptions of classics on stone.
43. 石櫧 shyr-ju, n., (bot.) a variety of oak.
44. 石鐘乳 shyr-jung-ruu, n., stalactite.
45. 石竹 shyr-jur, n., (bot.) pinks;
46. 石竹 shyr-jur, n., carnations, Dianthus chinensis.
47. 石決明 shyr-jyuer-mirng, n., (zoo.) a kind of abalone.
48. 石拒 shyr-jyuh, n., the octopus (also called 章魚).
49. 石刻 shyr-keh, n., sculpture, stone carvings.
50. 石坑 shyr-keng, n., stone pit.
51. 石蠟 shyr-lah, n., (chem.) paraffin;
52. 石蠟 shyr-lah, n., 石蠟容電器 paraffin condenser.
53. 石理 shyr-lii, n., rock structure.
54. 石榴 shyr-liour, n., the pomegranate: 石榴裙下 infatuated with a woman (“prostrate before pomegranate skirt”);
55. 石榴 shyr-liour, n., 石榴石 shyr-liour-shyr, n., (min.) garnet.
56. 石硫黃 shyr-liour-huarng, n., crude sulphur.
57. 石淋 shyr-lirn, n., stone in the bladder.
58. 石聾 shyr-lurng, adj., stone-deaf.
59. 石龍芻 shyr-lurng-chur, n., (bot.) the Baltic rush, Juncus balticus, whose stems can be woven into mats.
60. 石龍子 shyr-lurng-tz, n., a lizard.
61. 石綠 shyr-lyuh, n., (min.) malachite.
62. 石綿 shyr-miarn, n., (also 石絨 shyr-rurng↓) (1) asbestos;
63. 石綿 shyr-miarn, n., (2) chrysotile.
64. 石脈 shyr-moh¹, n., (geol.) veins of minerals.
65. 石墨 shyr-moh², n., (min.) graphite.
66. 石腦油 shyr-naau-your, n., naphtha: 石腦油精 naphthalene.
67. 石南 shyr-narn, n., (bot.) Rhododendron metternichii.
68. 石女 shyr-nyuu, n., woman organically incapable of sexual intercourse.
69. 石蕊 shyr-rueei, n., (bot.) Cladonia rangiferina, a plant whose leaves are used like tea, called 雲茶;
70. 石蕊 shyr-rueei, n., (chem.) litmus: 石蕊試紙 litmus paper.
71. 石絨 shyr-rurng, n., see shyr-miarn↑.
72. 石乳 shyr-ruu, n., see shyr-jung-ruu↑.
73. 石像 shyr-shiahng, n., stone statue.
74. 石首魚 shyr-shoou-yur, n., croaker, a fish, Seiaena schlegeli, also called 黃花魚 or 黃魚.
75. 石室 shyr-shyh, n., a stone house, sometimes used as vault for document, library, or mausoleum.
76. 石蒜 shyr-suahn, n., (bot.) Lycoris radiata.
77. 石髓 shyr-sueei, n., stalactite (also shyr-jung-ruu↑).
78. 石松 shyr-sung, n., (bot.) Lycopodium clavatum: 石松類 Lycopodiales.
79. 石筍 shyr-suun, n., stalagmite.
80. 石炭 shyr-tahn, n., coal: 石炭系 carbonaceous system;
81. 石炭 shyr-tahn, n., 石炭紀 (geol.) Carboniferous period;
82. 石炭 shyr-tahn, n., 石炭酸 carbolic acid.
83. 石胎 shyr-tai, n., a dead embryo or other growth.
84. 石田 shyr-tiarn, n., barren, unproductive soil.
85. 石頭 shyr-’tou, n., a rock:石頭子兒 pebble.
86. 石蠶 shyr-tsarn, n., (zoo.) (1) Rhyacophila;
87. 石蠶 shyr-tsarn, n., (2) coral-like growth, madrepora.
88. 石蓯蓉 shyr-tsung-rurng, n., (bot.) Statice arbuscula.
89. 石子 shyr-tz, n., pebble: 石子路 pebble walk.
90. 石韋 shyr-weei, n., (bot.) a fern, Polypodium lingua.
91. 石巖 shyr-yarn¹, n., (1) stone cliff or cliffside;
92. 石巖 shyr-yarn¹, n., (2) (bot.) Rhododendron obtusum.
93. 石鹽 shyr-yarn², n., rock salt.
94. 石衣 shyr-yi, n., a water plant (also called 烏韭，石苔).
95. 石印 shyr-yihn, n., lithograph, -y.
96. 石英 shyr-ying, n., (min.) quartz.
97. 石油 shyr-your, n., petroleum;
98. 石油 shyr-your, n., 石油苯 shyr-your-been benzine;
99. 石油 shyr-your, n., 石油氣 shyr-your-chih liquidized petroleum gas, also known as 瓦斯.
100. 石尤風 shyr-your-feng, n., (LL) windstorm (also 石郵風).

碧 Num. Index: 31.40 bih .

N. Jade, a precious stone usu. of greenish color: 碧玉 white jade with green tints.

Adj. (Poet.) blue, azure, greenish blue: 碧海 blue sea;
碧雲 bluish clouds;
碧空，碧落，碧漢，碧霄，碧虛 the blue sky.

Words 1. 碧蘭 bih-larn, n., (bot.) greenish orchid.
2. 碧蘿春 bih-luor-chun, n., a special brand of tea.
3. 碧綠 bih-lyuh, adj., beautifully green (lawn, sea, etc.).
4. 碧紗廚 bih-sha-chur, n., a bed-like compartment, covered with gauze to keep out mosquitoes.
5. 碧血 bih-shyueh, n., blood of those who died in war or love: 碧血丹心 (praise of) loyalty until death.
6. 碧桃 bih-taur, n., (bot.) a kind of peach＝千葉桃.
7. 碧瓦 bih-waa, n., glazed tiles＝琉璃瓦.
8. 碧梧 bih-wur, n., (bot.) the plane tree.
9. 碧眼 bih-yaan, adj., blue-eyed.
10. 碧玉 bih-yuh, n., (min.) jasper;
11. 碧玉 bih-yuh, n., 小家碧玉 pretty daughter of simple family, buxom lass.

磊 Num. Index: 31.40 leei .

Words 1. 磊塊 leei-kuaih, n., grievances: 胸中磊塊 (also 疊塊).
2. 磊磊 leir-leei, adj., (1) descirptive of a pile of rocks;
3. 磊磊 leir-leei, adj., (2) numerous;
4. 磊磊 leir-leei, adj., (3) frank, candid, openheared: 磊磊落落，光明磊落 done in the open, without secretiveness.
5. 磊落 leei-luoh, adj., confused, numerous, see leir-leei↑.

百 Num. Index: 31.41 baai (re. pr. *bor ). (Re. pr. preferred in certain literary phrr.; otherwise baai general; **baai , **bor indicate alternate pr. permissible.)

N. 百里 Bor-lii, a surname.

N. & adj. Hundred: 幾百 several hundreds;
百萬 million;
百萬噸 megaton;
百千萬 hundreds and thousands, vast number;
百兒八十 round about a hundred;
百十來個 about a hundred;
百倍 a hundredfold;
百分之三 three per cent;
百分 100%, see 百分法 baai-fen-faa↓;
百度 (表) baai-duh↓;
百况挑一 one in a hundred;
百中無一 not one in a hundred;
百聞不如一見 (*bor) seeing for oneself is better than all hearsays;
百尺竿頭，更進一步 (Complim. phr.), make further progress;
百歲後，百年後 (euphem.) after person’s death.

Adj. (*bor) All, all kinds, classes, multifarious, numerous: 百業 all professions;
百僚 (LL) all officials;
百工 all artisans;
百獸，百穀，百花，百艸 all kinds of animals, grains, flowers, plants;
百感交集 a multitude of feeling surges up;
百弊叢生 all kinds of corruption creep in;
百廢待舉 a thousand things wait to be done, restored;
百般 baai-ban↓;
千方百計 by all manners or methods, planned or tried;
百孔千瘡 full of ills and troubles, in disastrous state.

Adv. Very, always: 百伶百俐 very smart;
百依百順 obedient in all things;
百發百中 the shots hit every time;
百無 (a frequent comb.) totally without (not even one in a hundred): 百無一長, without a single talent or skill;
百無禁忌 without restraint, stop at nothing;
百無一失 you cannot possibly go wrong;
百無可為 absolutely nothing can be done;
百無聊賴 thoroughly bored.

Words 1. 百拜 *bor-baih, v.i., (LL) a hundred courtsies, greetings, now rare, at end of letters.
2. 百般 **bor-ban, adv., using all sorts of ways;
3. 百般 **bor-ban, adv., all manners of;
4. 百般 **bor-ban, adv., infinitely (considerate, etc.): 百般無賴 using all rascally means;
5. 百般 **bor-ban, adv., 百般溫柔 infinitely affectionate.
6. 百部 *bor-buh, n., (bot.) Stemona sessilifolia.
7. 百度表 baai-duh-biaau, n., centigrade.
8. 百分法 baai-fen-faa, n., (1) percentage system;
9. 百分法 baai-fen-faa, n., (2) centesimal method of dividing into hundredths;
10. 百分法 baai-fen-faa, n., 百分之三，之十 3%, 10%;
11. 百分法 baai-fen-faa, n., 百分率 baai-fen-lyuh, n., percentage system;
12. 百分法 baai-fen-faa, n., 百分數 baai-fen-shuh, n., per cent, as 3%.
13. 百合 baai-her, n., artichoke.
14. 百花生日 **bor-hua-sheng-ryh, n., birthday of all flowers, 12th day of second lunar month;
15. 百花生日 **bor-hua-sheng-ryh, n., also called 花朝.
16. 百貨公司 **baai-huoh-gung-sy, n., department store.
17. 百家 *bor-jia, n., the different schools of philosophy in AC;
18. 百家 *bor-jia, n., 百家言 philosophies of the different schools;
19. 百家 *bor-jia, n., 百家姓 (baai-jia-) a book of Chin. clan names;
20. 百家 *bor-jia, n., 百家衣 (**baai-jia-) child’s dress made of rags from different firends’ families, worn for long life.
21. 百㤲裙 *bor-jiaan-chyurn, n., fine-pleated skirt.
22. 百結衣 *bor-jier-yi, n., ragged clothing.
23. 百科全書 **baai-ke-chyuarn-shu, n., encyclopaedia.
24. 百揆 *bor-kueei, n., (AC) chief minister of state.
25. 百鍊剛 *bor-liahn-gang, (剛 wr. for 鋼), n., extremely fine steel.
26. 百里候 bor-lii-hour, n., (LL) county magistrate, now rare;
27. 百里候 bor-lii-hour, n., 百里才 bor-lii-tsair, small talent, good only for county magistracy.
28. 百六 **bor-liouh, n., the Ching-mirng festival, 106 days after winter solstice.
29. 百靈 *bor-lirng, n., the Mongolian lark.
30. 百米賽跑 bair-mii-saih-paau, n., hundred yards race.
31. 百衲本 *bor-nah-been, n., edition of anc. works made up of collated passages, or of best existing editions of parts, cf. bor-nah-yi↓.
32. 百衲衣 *bor-nah-yi, n., monk’s ragged robe, made of patches.
33. 百年紀念 baai-niarn-jii-niahn, n., centenary.
34. 百辟 *bor-pih, n., (AC) the princes and dukes.
35. 百忍 *bor-reen, n. & v.i., “a hundred times patience”, formula given for keeping large family in harmony (meant seriously, not sarcastically).
36. 百日 baai-ryh, n., hundred days after person’s death, a form of sacrifice;
37. 百日 baai-ryh, n., 百日咳 baai-ryh-keh, n., whooping cough;
38. 百日 baai-ryh, n., 百日紅 baai-ryh-hurng, n.,＝紫薇 (bot.) a flowering tree, Lagerstroemia indica.
39. 百舌 **bor-sher, n., the Chin. blackbird.
40. 百姓 **bor-shihng, n., the common people of a country.
41. 百壽圖 *bor-shouh-tur, n., scroll consisting of hundred forms of the character for “shou” (longevity).
42. 百事通 **bor-shyh-tung, adj. & n., (person who) knows everything.
43. 百索 *bor-suoo, n., child’s first anniversary, named after varicolored braid worn on neck.
44. 百斯篤 **baai-sy-duh, n., bubonic plague, early transliteration for “pest”.
45. 百晬 *bor-tsueih, n., party given on child’s hundred days.
46. 百足 *bor-tzur, n., centipede.
47. 百子 *bor-tzyy, n., the ancient philosophers (also 百家 bor-jia↑).
48. 百葉 **bor-yeh, n., (1) (AC) calendar;
49. 百葉 **bor-yeh, n., (2) (AC) a hundred generations;
50. 百葉 **bor-yeh, n., (3) a cake of many thin layers, made of bean curd;
51. 百葉 **bor-yeh, n., (4) cow’s or sheep’s tripe;
52. 百葉 **bor-yeh, n., (5) flowers with many compound petals;
53. 百葉 **bor-yeh, n., 百葉窗 bor-yeh-chuang, n., Venetian blinds.

晉 Num. Index: 31.41 jihn . [Pop. □]

N. (1) A surname.
(2) Short for Shansi Province.
(3) The Jihn Dyn. 265－420 A.D.

V.t. (1) (AC, LL) related 進 91.83.
(3) Raise in rank, promote.

Words 1. 晉封 jihn-feng, v.t., confer further honors on ancestor or wife.
2. 晉京 jihn-jing, v.i., (LL) go to the capital.
3. 晉爵 jihn-jyuer, v.t., raise to a higher rank of the nobility.
4. 晉授 jihn-shouh, v.t., see jihn-feng↑.
5. 晉贈 jihn-tzehng, v.t., confer a posthumous title.
6. 晉謁 jihn-yieh, v.t., have an audience with (a high official, superior).

西 Num. Index: 31.41 shi .

N. (1) West: 自東徂西 from east to west.
(2) Spain (short for 西班牙）：駐西大使 Chin. ambassador to Spain.

Adj. & adv. (1) West: 南京西路 Nanking Road West;
西半球 Western Hemisphere;
西部 western region;
西岸 west coast.
(2) Western, pertaining to the Western or gen. foreign world: 西人，西婦，西服，西裝 etc., shi-rern, shi-fuh, shi-fur, shi-juang↓;
see esp. 西洋 shi-yarng↓;
西餐 Western meal;
西式 Western fashion;
for Western music, medicine, see 西樂，西醫, shi-yueh, shi-yi↓.
(3) To the west, westwards: 西去 go west.
(4) A surname.

Words 1. 西班 shi-ban, n., (Tarng Dyn.) the military officers on the west in court ceremony, opp. civilian officers on the east;
2. 西班 shi-ban, n., 西班牙 n., Spain.
3. 西北 shi-beei, adj., northwest.
4. 西賓 shi-bin, n., family tutor, see shi-shir↓, cf. 東家 the host.
5. 西伯利亞 Shi-bor-lih-yaa, n., Siberia.
6. 西部 shi-buh, n., (1) western region;
7. 西部 shi-buh, n., (2) (movies) a western.
8. 西成 shi-cherng, n., (MC) harvest.
9. 西垂 shi-chueir, n., (AC) west side.
10. 西法 shi-faa, adj., Western method (dry cleaning, etc.).
11. 西番蓮 shi-fan-liarn, n., (bot.) Passiflora caerulea.
12. 西方 shi-fang, n. & adj., the western world, also (Budd.) referring to after world.
13. 西婦 shi-fuh, n., Western woman.
14. 西服 shi-fur, n., Western dress.
15. 西瓜 shi-gua, n., watermelon.
16. 西貢 Shi-guhng, n., Saigon.
17. 西宮 shi-gung, n., “western palace” where ladies-in-waiting lived.
18. 西穀米 shi-gur-mii, n., sago;
19. 西穀米 shi-gur-mii, n., 西穀椰子 the sago palm, Sagus rumphii.
20. 西紅柿 shi-hurng-shyh, n., tomato.
21. 西淨 shi-jihng, n., (Budd.) western lavatory (as eastern lavatory is called 東淨);
22. 西淨 shi-jihng, n., see shi-shyuh↓.
23. 西裝 shi-juang, n., Western of European dress.
24. 西曆 shi-lih, n., the Western or Gregorian Calendar (now generally called 公曆).
25. 西米 shi-mii, n., sago, see shi-gur-mii↑.
26. 西南 shi-narn, adj., southwest.
27. 西皮 shi-pir, n., name of song from 黃陂縣 in Hupei, current in Peking opera (see 皮^黃 22.82).
28. 西人 shi-rern, n., Westerner.
29. 西廂記 shi-shiang-jih, n., The Western Chamber, a famous Chin. classical novel.
30. 西夕 shi-shih, n., (AC) old age.
31. 西席 shi-shir, n., n., see shi-bin↑.
32. 西施舌 shi-shy-sher, n., a small edible shellfish with elongated “tongue” or valve.
33. 西序 shi-shyuh, n., the western wing of Buddhist monastery.
34. 西臺 shi-tair, n., Suhng Dyn. name for the Censorate (御史臺).
35. 西天 shi-tian, n., Buddhist paradise, believed to be in the west of China.
36. 西崽 shi-tzaai, n., a houseboy or “boy” in the employment of foreigners in China.
37. 西字臉 shi-tzyh-liaan, n., broadshaped face, like the character 西.
38. 西洋 shi-yarng, n., “Western ocean,” i.e., Western or from the West (of. shortened to 洋 or to 西): 西洋音樂，畫 Western music, painting;
39. 西洋 shi-yarng, n., 西洋歷史 history of the Western world;
40. 西洋 shi-yarng, n., 西洋景 peep show (also called 西洋鏡);
41. 西洋 shi-yarng, n., 西洋參 ginseng grown in the Unite States.
42. 西藥 shi-yauh, n., Western medicine.
43. 西醫 shi-yi, n., Western doctor.
44. 西元 shi-yuarn, n., A.D. of Christian calendar (now gen. called 公元).
45. 西樂 shi-yueh, n., Western music.
46. 西域 Shi-yuh, n., Turkestan, in region now called 新疆 “Hsinkiang.”

酉 Num. Index: 31.41 yoou .

N. (1) No. ten of the duodecimal cycle (see Appendix A).
(2) 酉時 5－7 p.m.
(3) A radical (as in 酌，醉);
index No. “31C.”

面 Num. Index: 31.41 miahn .

N. adjunct. 一面鏡子 a mirror;
一面國旗 a national flag.

N. (1) Face: 人面桃花相映紅 the girl’s face and the peach flowers reflect each other’s glow;
臉面 the face;
面孔，面部，面相 miahn-kuung, miahn-buh, miahn-shiahng↓;
面團團 a fat, plump face;
面對現實 to face the realities;
面無人色 ghastly, pale-faced;
面對面 face to face, see esp. 面子 miahn-tz↓ honor, social standing;
(2) The surface: 表面 surface;
㪫面, setup, milieu, occasion.
(3) Side, dimension, aspect: 上面，下面 top, underneath;
前面，後面 front, behind;
對面，側面 opposite, on the side;
正面 front;
背面，反面 the back;
四面 on all sides;
面面週到 in every way very attentive, every detail thought of;
面面相覷, see 面面 miahn-miahn↓.
(4) On one side: 一面之辭 onesided story;
一面吃，一面談 talk while eating;
見過一面，一面之交 have met once.

V.t. To face: 面朝况 face inside;
面東，面西 (of houses) face east, west;
面壁 face the wall, do nothing, (Budd.) face the wall and meditate;
面牆 face to the wall, see nothing.

Adj. Superficial: 面友，面朋 superficial friend.

Adv. Personally (freely attached to vbb.): 當面 personally;
面談，面敘 personal interview, talk;
面洽，面商，面議 discuss personally;
面謝 thank personally;
面陳 explain personally;
面折人過 point out person’s mistake to his face;
面試 personal interview in examinations;
面諭 order personally;
面交 deliver personally, etc.

Words 1. 面般 miahn-ban, n., (MC) facial contour＝modn. 臉盤兒.
2. 面部 miahn-buh, n., the facial region, the face.
3. 面前 miahn-chiarn, n., (1) bodily presence: 當人面前 in person’s presence;
4. 面前 miahn-chiarn, n., (2) front area, near a person.
5. 面縛 miahn-fur, v.i., (AC) gesture of surrender ,hands at back, face outstretched.
6. 面見 miahn-jiahn, n. & v.t., personal interview, meet personally.
7. 面巾 miahn-jin, n., face towel.
8. 面積 miahn-jir, n., area.
9. 面具 miahn-jyuh, n., mask: 假面具 mask, false front or appearance.
10. 面寬 miahn-kuan, n., width of surface.
11. 面孔 miahn-kuung, n., a person’s face;
12. 面孔 miahn-kuung, n., facial expression.
13. 面兒 miah-’l, see miahn-tz↓.
14. 面貌 miahn-mauh, n., facial looks, features: 面貌一新 take on a new look.
15. 面門 miahn-mern, n., face, front view.
16. 面面 miahn-miahn, adv., in every aspect: 面面相覷 look at each other in astonishment.
17. 面目 miahn-muh, n., (1) facial expression, demeanor: 面目清秀 have delicate looks;
18. 面目 miahn-muh, n., 面目可憎 repulsive looks;
19. 面目 miahn-muh, n., (2) looks of things in gen.;
20. 面目 miahn-muh, n., 面目全非 all looks wrong, or differently;
21. 面目 miahn-muh, n., (3) honor＝面子 see miahn-tz↓: 有何面目見人 how can I face the world?
22. 面嫩 miahn-nehn, adj., shy.
23. 面軟 miahn-nuaan, adj., softhearted, easily soften.
24. 面龐（兒） miahn-parng(’l), n., facial contour.
25. 面皰 miahn-pauh, n., pimples.
26. 面皮 miahn-pir, n., esp. 面皮厚 thick-skinned, unashamed;
27. 面皮 miahn-pir, n., 面皮軟，薄 thin-skinned, easily ashamed.
28. 面容 miahn-rurng, n., demeanor, expression;
29. 面容 miahn-rurng, n., features.
30. 面色 miahn-seh, n., complexion (good, bad);
31. 面色 miahn-seh, n., momentary expression (angered, offended, etc.).
32. 面紗 miahn-sha, n., veil covering the face.
33. 面善 miahn-shahn, adj., looking familiar: 這人很面善 his face seems familiar.
34. 面上 miahn-shahng, n., on the face: （在情）面上過不去 cannot do it because of our friendship;
35. 面上 miahn-shahng, n., 表面上 on the face of it.
36. 面相 miahn-shiahng, n., a person’s features, physiognomy.
37. 面熟 miahn-shur, adj., looking familiar.
38. 面子 miahn-tz, n., “Chinese face,”a man’s self-respect, standing among fellowmen: 很有面子，面子很大 has high social standing;
39. 面子 miahn-tz, n., 沒有面子 lose face (＝丟臉);
40. 面子 miahn-tz, n., 給面子，賞面子 do one the honor (of coming to his party);
41. 面子 miahn-tz, n., 他不給我面子 won’t do me the honor;
42. 面子 miahn-tz, n., 賣面子 do s.t. as a personal favor or in friendship;
43. 面子 miahn-tz, n., 不要面子 be shameless;
44. 面子 miahn-tz, n., also appearance of clothing: 這件衣服面子己舊了 this garment is getting shabby.

□ Num. Index: 31.41 liour . [Var. of 留 90.41]

而 Num. Index: 31.42 erl .

Fin. part. (AC) 已而已去 this is the end (“finished, all finished”), also 乎而.

Pron. (AC, rare) you, your (related 汝，女).

Conj. (1) And: 聞善而不善 (AC) heard of anything good and bad;
connecting oft. two vbb.: 學而時習之 to learn and review it from time to time;
or two adjj.: 恭而有禮 modest and courteous;
connecting an adv. with vb.: 呱呱而泣 wail and cry;
and yet, oft. reinforcing advv. like 況，竟，乃：而況 how much more then;
而竟，而乃 and contrary to reason or expectations;
coupled with negative 不, meaning “and yet,” “but”: 富而不驕 rich and yet not conceited;
𡡷而不黨 is sociable, but not clannish.
(2) 而且 Furthermore, besides.
(3) Having the force of 之 “of”: 君子恥其言而過其行 a gentleman is ashamed of his words being more pretentious than his conduct.

Prep. From…on, up, down, etc.: 三十而上(＝以上) from thirty up;
三十而下 below thirty;
而今以後 from now on.

Words 1. 而且 erl-chiee, adv., besides, furthermore.
2. 而何 erl-her, adv., (AC)＝如何 how.
3. 而後 erl-houh, adv. conj., (1) and then: 言而後退 speak and then retire;
4. 而後 erl-houh, adv. conj., (2) hence forth, thenceforth.
5. 而竟 erl-jihng, adv., contrary to rule or expectations (left without saying good-bye);
6. 而竟 erl-jihng, adv., actually, so indeed, at last.
7. 而今 erl-jin, adv., now, now then.
8. 而況 erl-kuahng, adv., besides, furthermore.
9. 而來 erl-lair, adv., (AC) since: 由孔子而來（＝以來），至今百有餘歲 it is now over hundred years since Confucius.
10. 而立 erl-lih, adj., (LL) 而立之年 thirty years of age (allu. Confucius learned to stand firm at thirty).
11. 而上 erl-shahng, adv., upwards (＝以上).
12. 而下 erl-shiah, adv., from…down (＝以下).
13. 而已 erl-yii, adv., only (after modified wd. or phr.): 三十而已 only thirty;
14. 而已 erl-yii, adv., 而已矣 emphatic form of 而已.

再 Num. Index: 31.42 tzaih .

Adv. Again, once more: 再接再厲 make unremitting efforts;
再三，再四，再三再四，一再 repeatedly;
再議，再審 be discussed over again;
再說 tzaih-shuo↓;
再次 once more;
再演一次 encore;
再行改期 postpone, reschedule;
再過幾天 in a few more days;
再運心思 reconsider;
東山再起 (usu. of a politician) stage a comeback;
再生 tzaih-sheng↓;
再造 tzaih-tzauh↓;
再談 let’s discuss it later;
再見 see you again, good-bye! 不再說了，相見 never mention it, never see each other again.

Words 1. 再版 tzaih-baan, v.i. & n., (of a book) (have) a second edition.
2. 再拜 tzaih-baih, phr., (in letter) a polite complimentary close (“yours cordially” or “respectfully”).
3. 再不 tzaih-’bu, adv., never again.
4. 再乘 tzaih-cherng, n., (math.) the cube, the third power.
5. 再發 tzaih-fa, v.i. & adj., recur, -rent.
6. 再犯 tzaih-fahn, v.i. & n., (commit) a second offense, a person committing it.
7. 再會 tzaih-hueih, phr., good-bye! see you again!
8. 再婚 tzaih-hun, v.i., re-marry.
9. 再者 tzaih-jee, adv., furthermore, in addition, by way of a postscript, (“p.s.”).
10. 再醮 tzaih-jiauh, v.i., (of a woman) re-marry.
11. 再來 tzaih-lair, phr., (1) come back: 時乎時乎不再來 time (lost) will never come again;
12. 再來 tzaih-lair, phr., (2) do (s.t.) over again: 再來一盤棋 let’s have another game of chess;
13. 再來 tzaih-lair, phr., (3) have another help of (s.t.): 再來點兒水 give me some more water, please.
14. 再生 tzaih-sheng, n. & v.i. & adj., rebirth, (be) born anew, reborn.
15. 再現 tzaih-shiahn, v.i., (1) reappear;
16. 再現 tzaih-shiahn, v.i., (2) (a former experience) reappears in one’s mind.
17. 再說 tzaih-shuo, v.t., (1) talk about it later;
18. 再說 tzaih-shuo, v.t., (2) speak again, repeat;
19. 再說 tzaih-shuo, v.t., (3) adv., moreover, furthermore.
20. 再再 tzaih-tzaih, adv., again and again, repeatedly.
21. 再造 tzaih-tzauh, v.i., be born anew, given a new lease of life.

雨 Num. Index: 31.42 yuu (*yuh ).

N. Rain: 雨水 yur-shueei↓;
下雨，降雨 it rains;
風雨 wind and rain;
雷雨 thunder and rain;
暴雨 rainstorm;
大雨 heavy rain;
陣雨 a spell of rain;
密雨 heavy downpour;
細雨 light drizzle;
毛毛雨 drizzle;
□風沐雨 brave the winds and the rain;
雨淋淋 descriptive of dripping rain;
雨星星 light drizzle;
雨後春筍 to spring like bamboo shoots after a spring rain.

V.i. (*yuh) To rain: 雨雪 snow falls.

Words 1. 雨布 yuu-buh, n., oilcloth, waterproof.
2. 雨前 yuu-chiarn, n., name of a superior tea, plucked before solar season of 穀雨 April 20.
3. 雨泣 yuu-chih, v.i., weep profusely.
4. 雨點兒子 yur-diaan-’l-tz, n., raindrops.
5. 雨虎 yur-huu, n., (zoo.) Aplysia a small sea animal (also called 海兔，海鹿).
6. 雨腳 yur-jiaau, n., splash of rain on the ground.
7. 雨季兒 yuu-jih (yuu-jieh-’l), n., the raining season.
8. 雨巾 yuu-jin, n., formerly, rain hat.
9. 雨久花 yur-jioou-hua, (bot.) Monocharia vaginalis, a flowering water plant.
10. 雨集 yuu-jir, phr., (LL) owarm together.
11. 雨珠兒 yuu-ju-’l, n., raindrops.
12. 雨具 yuu-jyuh, n., things providing against rain (umbrella, boots, etc.).
13. 雨量 yuu-liahng, n., volume of rain;
14. 雨量 yuu-liahng, n., 雨量計 yuu-liahng-jih n., rain gauge.
15. 雨漏 yuu-louh, v.i., leak in the roof.
16. 雨露 yuu-luh, n., rain and dew—timely help in time of need;
17. 雨露 yuu-luh, n., the blessings of peace from God or ruler.
18. 雨帽 yuu-mauh, n., rain cap.
19. 雨棚 yuu-perng, n., rain shetter.
20. 雨傘 yur-saan, n., umbrella.
21. 雨鞋 yuu-shier, n., rain boots.
22. 雨星兒 yuu-shing-’l, n., light drizzle.
23. 雨水 yur-shueei (coll. yur-’shuei), n., (1) rain water;
24. 雨水 yur-shueei (coll. yur-’shuei), n., (2) volume of rain (of locality);
25. 雨水 yur-shueei (coll. yur-’shuei), n., (3) a solar season (Feb.19－Mar.4).
26. 雨靴 yuu-shyue, n., rain boots.
27. 雨絲 yuu-sy, n., light falling rain.
28. 雨天 yuu-tian, n., a rainy day.
29. 雨字頭兒 yuu-’tz-tour-’l, n., the radical 雨, index No. “31D.”
30. 雨蛙 yuu-wa, n., (zoo.) Hyla arborea, a tree animal whose croaking noise presages coming rain.
31. 雨燕 yuu-yahn, n., (zoo.) micropus pacificus, a small bird.
32. 雨衣 yuu-yi, n., raincoat.
33. 雨意 yuu-yih, n., as in 有雨意 (the sky) has the look of going to rain.
34. 雨纓 yuu-ying, n., (Manchu Dyn.) tassels of yak hair on mandarin official hat in summer.

丙 Num. Index: 31.42 biing .

N. The third in the decimal cycle, see App. A;
甲乙丙丁 used like A, B, C, D;
the third grade, third category, etc.;
付丙 burn (letter) after perusal.

Words 1. 丙丁 biing-ding, n., days in 干支 gan-jy cycle, of “fire” element;
2. 丙丁 biing-ding, n., used sometimes in LL for “fire.”
3. 丙舍 biing-sheh, n., house for storing coffins pending arrangement for transshipment for burial in home district.
4. 丙夜 biing-yeh, n., midnight.

兩 Num. Index: 31.42 liaang . [Pop. □ in sense of “ounce”]

N. & adj. Two, in gen. use as adj. in speaking of two pieces, things, sides, parties, dist. 二, used only in counting: 兩百元 two hundred dollars (in counting, 二百元 would be more common);
兩個人 two persons;
兩夫妻 man and wife;
母子兩口兒 the two of them, mother and son;
兩姓婚姻 marriage between two families;
兩頭兒跑 be kept busy between two offices;
兩頭兒大 a marriage where wife and concubine are treated as equal;
兩下子就好了 will finish it in a few moments;
兩邊，兩邊廂，兩面 both sides;
兩造 both parties to contract or litigation;
三心兩意;
猶疑兩可 undecided;
兩訖，兩清 accounts cleared between two parties;
兩不找 goods and payments match;
兩面光 try to please both sides;
兩端 the two extremities;
兩小無猜 two innocent ones, boy and girl, grew up together;
兩相情願 both parties agree of free will, mutual consent;
兩相好 two lovers;
兩虎相𥌓 fight between the two biggest (powers, warlords);
兩極 the Arctic and the Antarctic, the North and South Poles;
two extremities.

Words 1. 兩棲類 liaang-chi-leih, n., (zoo.) amphibious animals.
2. 兩腳規 liarng-jiaau-guei, n., compasses.
3. 兩性花 liaang-shihng-hua, n., bisexual flower.
4. 兩造 liaang-tzauh, n., both plaintiff and defendant;
5. 兩造 liaang-tzauh, n., both parties to contract, lawsuit.
6. 兩樣 liaang-yahng, adj. & n., (1) different, -ce: 有什麼兩樣 is where the difference? opp. 一樣 same;
7. 兩樣 liaang-yahng, adj. & n., 情形兩樣 the situation is different;
8. 兩樣 liaang-yahng, adj. & n., (2) two pieces or 兩三樣 two or three.
9. 兩儀 liaang-yir, n., the yinand the yang, the two polarities.
10. 兩院制 liaang-yauhn-jyh, n., bicameral system (House of Commons and House of Lords.).

甭 Num. Index: 31.42 berng .

Vb. aux. Contraction of 不用 bur-yuhng, need not: 你甭客氣 don’t stand on ceremony;
你甭想 don’t think that.

□ Num. Index: 31.42 lih . [Var. of 鬲 30.42]

爾 Num. Index: 31.42 eel .

Part. (1) (AC) a final particle as alternative of 耳 (＝而已), meaning “merely”: 唯謹爾 be only careful, (see 耳 31.10).
(2) Adv. particle, like Eng. “like,” “-ly” in stupid-like, stupidly (from its meaning “like”＝如此) see Adj.↓: 率爾而對 answer thoughlessly;
卓爾 distinguished-like, eminent, -ly;
偶爾 occasionally;
see Adv.↓.

Pron. (AC, LL) you, your (related closely 汝; 汝 is more familiar);
see 爾汝 erl-ruu↓;
爾 oft. used as possessive: 爾父 your father, 爾妻 your wife;
or as accusative: 爾詐我虞 you cheat and I deceive—mutually deceive;
爾 used as plural (like Eng. “you”): 爾等，爾曹 eel-deeng, eel-tsaur↓.

Adj. (1) (LL) that: 爾時，爾日 that time, that day.
(2) (LL) thus, like this (＝如此): 不得不爾 has to be this way;
所說乃爾 what (he) said was, this is what he said;
云爾 thus, so;
不過爾爾 it was only so-so.
(3) U.f. 邇 near;
爾來 eel-lair↓.

Adv. suffix. (AC, LL) 莞爾 smilingly;
珕爾 shouting-like, unceremoniously;
僕僕爾 in a busy and restless manner, repeatedly;
故爾 therefore.

Words 1. 爾等 erl-deeng, n., you (plural).
2. 爾爾 erl-eel, adj., so-so.
3. 爾來 eel-lair, adv., recently, in recent months or years.
4. 爾汝 erl-ruu, pron. & v.t., (AC) to use the familiar you (like Fr. “tu”): 或爾汝之 (AC) treat him familiarly;
5. 爾汝 erl-ruu, pron. & v.t., 無受爾汝之實 (孟子) not to be influenced by personal (familiar) considerations, 爾汝交 (AC) friends who use familiar address to each other, (爾 eel, 汝 ruu, were originally very close in pronunciation, as still in many dialects).
6. 爾日 eel-ryh, phr. (LL) that day.
7. 爾馨 eel-shin, adj., (dail.) thus, like this (see 寧^馨 62.01).
8. 爾時 eel-shyr, phr., (LL) at that time.
9. 爾許 erl-shyuu, adj., (LL) so many.
10. 爾曹 eel-tsaur, n., you (plural).

□ Num. Index: 31.42 bah . [Corrupt form of 霸]

万 Num. Index: 31.50 wahn . [Var. of 萬 20A.42]

丐 Num. Index: 31.50 gaih . [Var. □, □]

N. Beggar: 乞丐 a beggar;
老丐 an old beggar;
丐頭 the leader of a group of beggars.

V.t. Beg for: 丐飯 beg for food.

焉 Num. Index: 31.50 yan .

Fin. part. Descriptive of a situation similar to Eng. “in it” or “there” at end of sentence: 心不在焉 one’s mind is not in it;
有人焉 there is a man there;
其心休休焉 his mind was contented;
sometimes gives a sense of completion: 名不稱焉 one’s name is not known;
芻蕘者往焉 the woodcutters went (there or to him, etc.);
眾好之必察焉 if many like it, one should look into it. (Usu. unaccented as fin. part.)

Adv. (1) (LL) how? (similar to 安): 焉能，焉可 how can? 焉得 how could? 焉用 what is the need to use? 焉知 how does one know?
(2) (AC) then (＝modn. 然後，乃): 焉能治之 (＝乃能) and then could set it in order;
焉始乘舟 and then take the boat.

□ Num. Index: 31.50 huar . [Arch. var. of 華 20A.10]

𢣁 Num. Index: 31.50 ji . [Pop. of 羈 41D.50]

烈 Num. Index: 31.63 lieh .

N. A surname.

Adj. & adv. (1) Violent, hot, extreme, -ly: 烈火 very hot fire;
烈日當空 scorching sun overhead;
烈風 violent wind, storm;
烈焰 raging flames;
烈暑 hot summer;
暴烈 (of temper) violent;
猛烈，劇烈 (of poison) deadly, (slaughter, contest) violent;
慘烈 horrifying (massacre, etc.);
壯烈 brave, high-spirited.
(2) Shining, brilliant: 烈名 brilliant fame.
(3) Having sharp sense of honor: 節烈，貞烈, see 烈士，烈女 lieh-shyh, lieh-nyuu↓.
(4) (Of medicine) strong, potent: 藥性很烈 causing sharp reaction.

Words 1. 烈婦 lieh-fuh, n., lieh-nyuu↓.
2. 烈烈 lieh-lieh, adj., (1) glorious, inspiring: 轟轟烈烈 (of career, campaign, achievement) astounding, glorious, heroic;
3. 烈烈 lieh-lieh, adj., (2) 憂心烈烈 (AC) burning with sorrow.
4. 烈女 lieh-nyuu, n., “heroic women,” women who died in defense of their honor or committed suicide after husband’s death rather than re-marry (烈婦), much encouraged by Neo-Confucianists.
5. 烈性 lieh-shihng, n. & adj., violent temper;
6. 烈性 lieh-shihng, n. & adj., (of medicine) violent.
7. 烈士 lieh-shyh, n., hero who died for the country;
8. 烈士 lieh-shyh, n., martyr.

□ Num. Index: 31.70 wur .

Adv. No, not (AC var. of 無): □妄之災 an undeserved catastrophe;
□咎 (AC) no fault or mistake, not to blame.

瓦 Num. Index: 31.70 waa (*wah ).

N. (1) A roof tile: 寧作玉碎，不為瓦全 rather be a broken jade than a whole piece of tile—prefer death or ruin to dishonor;
他人瓦上霜 the frost on neighbor’s roof—none of one’s business;
弄瓦 (AC) allu. when a girl baby is born, let her play with tiles—hence give birth to baby girl (see 瓦𡌺 waa-yaur↓).
(2) An earthenware: 瓦器，互罐 waa-chih, waa-guahn↓: 黃鐘毀棄，瓦釜雷鳴 (LL, allu.) earthen pots making a lot of noise instead of the classical bells—said of bombastic politicians in power while god men are out.

V.t. 瓦瓦 (*wah-waa) put tiles on roof;
瓦刀 wah-dau↓.

Words 1. 瓦卜 war-buu, n., (MC) to break up a tile and read the line of cleavage for divination.
2. 瓦碴兒 waa-char-’l, n., broken tiles.
3. 瓦器 waa-chih, n., crude earthenware.
4. 瓦刀 *wah-dau, n., a trowel for laying tiles on roof.
5. 瓦房 waa-farng, n., house with brick roof.
6. 瓦溝 waa-gou, n., roof sill.
7. 瓦罐 waa-guahn, n., earthen jar.
8. 瓦合 waa-her, adj., as in 瓦合之眾 rabble troops.
9. 瓦灰 waa-huei, adj., deep grey.
10. 瓦匠 waa-jiahng, n., a mason for laying roof.
11. 瓦解 war-jiee, v.i., to break up (like defeated army);
12. 瓦解 waa-jiee, v.i., disintegrate.
13. 瓦塊（兒） waa-kuaih (waa-kuah-’l), n., broken tiles.
14. 瓦楞帽 waa-lerng-mauh, n., formerly, common man’s hat with depression in middle, dist. 方巾 gentlemen’s hat.
15. 瓦裂 waa-lieh, v.i., see war-jiee↑.
16. 瓦木作 waa-muh-tzuoh, n., shop combining carpentry and bricklaying.
17. 瓦舍 waa-sheh, n., (1) a brick house;
18. 瓦舍 waa-sheh, n., (2) (Suhng Dyn.) a brothel, orig. brothel for barracks.
19. 瓦斯 waa-sy, n., (translit.) gas.
20. 瓦特 waa-teh, n., (translit.) watt.
21. 瓦作 waa-tzuoh, n., bricklaying profession.
22. 瓦子 waa-tzyy, n., see waa-sheh↑.
23. 瓦𡌺 waa-yaur, n., (1) brick kiln;
24. 瓦𡌺 waa-yaur, n., (2) (facet.) a woman who gives birth only to girls (see 弄瓦 under 瓦 N.1↑).

琵 Num. Index: 31.70 pir .

Words 1. 琵琶 pir-par (sp. pr. pir-’pa, pir-’ba), n., pipa, a musical instrument like guitar: 琵琶別抱 phr., said of woman who remarries.
2. 琵琶蟲 pir-par-churng, n., a louse (shaped like guitar).
3. 琵琶骨 pir-par-guu, n., collar bone.
4. 琵琶記 Pir-par-jih, n., name of well-known drama.
5. 琵琶襟 pir-par-jin, a former woman’s costume, where the front bottoms come down not from armpit, but near the right chest.

琶 Num. Index: 31.70 par .

N. See 琵^琶 31.70.

兀 Num. Index: 31.70 wuh .

N. (AC) one whose feet had been amputated as punishment.

Adj. (1) Erect;
proud: 兀傲 wuh-auh↓.
(2) Upright: 兀坐 sitting upright.
(3) Bald, bare: 兀鷹wuh-ying↓ (cf. 杌木 bare trees).

Adv. (MC) abruptly, immovably, alone: 兀自在櫃身坐地 was sitting immovably at cashier’s deck;
兀自一人 a person alone.

Words 1. 兀傲 wuh-auh, adj., proud, upright.
2. 兀的 wuh-dih, (MC) (1) adj., this:兀的賤囚 this thief;
3. 兀的 wuh-dih, (2) adv., how: 兀的不羞殺人也 how shameless.
4. 兀剌 wuh-lah, (MC) an adv. suffix, like Eng. “like”: 軟兀剌 soft-like;
5. 兀剌 wuh-lah, 莽兀剌 abrupt-like.
6. 兀臬 wuh-nieh, adj., (LL) uneasy (also wr. 兀□，杌隉).
7. 兀然 wuh-rarn, adj., adv., immovable, -bly: 兀然不動.
8. 兀兀 wuh-wuh, adj. & adv., (1) in a distressed manner (probably related 鬱 yuh);
9. 兀兀 wuh-wuh, adj. & adv., (2) drunk: 醉兀兀 very drunk;
10. 兀兀 wuh-wuh, 兀兀禿禿 adv., (MC) (contempt.) nondescript, cheap (wine).
11. 兀鷹 wuh-ying, n., a kind of baldheaded vulture, Gyps fulvus.

虺 Num. Index: 31.70 hueei .

N. A large, poisonous snake;
a lizard, see 虺蝪 hueei-yih↓.

Words 1. 虺蝮 hueei-fuh, n., poisonous snake: 虺蝮之行 (derog.) sneaky, contemptible ways, like snakes.
2. 虺虺 hueir-hueei, adj., (AC) rumbling (of thunder).
3. 虺蛇 hueei-sher, n., a large poisonous snake;
4. 虺蛇 hueei-sher, n., a viper.
5. 虺蝪 hueei-yih, n., a lizard.

死 Num. Index: 31.70 syy .

N. (1) Death: 生死關頭 critical point between life and death;
生死有命 life and death lie in the lap of the gods;
生死不忘 will never forget as long as I live.
(2) Dead people: 死而有知 if the dead knew.

v.i. (1) To die: 死亡，死活 syy-warng, syy-huor↓;
九死一生 extreme danger, a ten percent chance of survival;
半生不死 (不活) dead-alive;
病死，老死，暴死 die of illness, old age, from violence.
(2) Die for (cause): 死難 syy-nahn↓;
死節 (man, woman) die for integrity, honor or in loyalty to dead husband.

Adj. (1) Dead, condemned to die: 死囚，死罪，死刑 syy-chiour, syy-tzueih, syy-shirng↓;
死鬼，死人 (abusive) syr-gueei, syy-rern↓;
該死 (excl. or abusive) damnation! simply awful;
真該死 really awful (of a bad mistake);
死馬當作活馬醫 make a last try to save an impossible situation, as a last resort;
死不瞑目 die with injustice unredressed (“refuse to close eyes in death”);
死文字 a dead language;
死灰 syy-huei↓;
死水兒 stagnant water;
死火山 dead volcano;
死路 dead end;
死胡同兒 dead alley;
死信 dead, undeliverable letter;
死肌 dead muscle;
死結，死扣兒 a fast knot;
死契 irrevocable deed;
死門兒 agreement never to see again child sold or given away;
釘死了 nailed fast;
睡得真死 dead asleep;
耳朵發死 hearing is blocked;
面部表情發死 show a dead or dead-pan expression;
死挺挺 dead and stiff or lie stiffly.
(2) Inflexible: 死規矩，死套子 inflexible rule and regulations;
死法子 time-worn but useless method;
死板 syy-baan↓;
死頭腦 blockhead;
死工夫 by sheer work;
死心眼兒 single-minded, bent on one purpose;
死心塌地 completely, abjectly (in love), give one’s heart.
(3) Solid, not empty: 這管子是死的 it is a solid tube;
死瞠兒鐵柱 a solid iron pillar.
(4) Dead set: 死仇 syy-chour↓;
死敵 irreconcilable enemy;
死對頭 deadly foe.

Adv. (1) Extremely, (as in Eng. “dead tired” or “die of waiting”: 好看死了 wonderfully pretty;
壞死了 frightfully bad, wicked;
死辣，死鹹 (food) frightfully hot, salty;
甜死了 much too sweet;
冷死了 bitterly cold;
這人死不要臉 this person is devoid of shame;
死不 not for one’s life;
死不承認 will never admit;
死要面子 dead determined to save face;
死要錢 dead set on getting money;
死不改 die hard;
死賣氣力 give all one’s worth (to do s.t.);
哭（打）得死去活來 cried (beaten) half dead.
(2) (Defend, etc.) to the death: 死打，死戰，死𥌓 (殊死戰) fight to the death;
死守 defend to the death;
敢死隊 (mil.) suicide squad;
死黨，死士 syr-daang, syy-shyh↓;
死皮賴臉 shamelessly (beg, pester);
死乞白賴 lie shamelessly.
(3) In a stupid, mechanical way: 死記 memorize mechanically;
without doing any thing: 死丕丕閒坐 sit about the house without moving;
死等 wait forever;
死吃 eat without earning one’s bread.

Words 1. 死板 syr-baan (syr-’ban), adj., mechaincal (singing), rigmarole (repeating);
2. 死板 syr-baan (syr-’ban), adj., inflexible, solely guided by rules.
3. 死別 syy-bier, v.i., part never to see each other again.
4. 死併 syy-bihng, v.i., fight to the death.
5. 死契 syy-chih, n., irrevocable deed.
6. 死囚 syy-chiour, n., one condemned to death;
7. 死囚 syy-chiour, n., 死囚牢 death house.
8. 死仇 syy-chour, n., eternal enemy.
9. 死黨 syr-daang, n., partisans sworn to the death.
10. 死鬼 syr-gueei (syr-’guei), n., (abuse) the devil.
11. 死灰 sy-huei, phr., 死灰復燃 old fire (“dead ashes”) is kindled again—said of repeated flareups of rebellion;
12. 死灰 sy-huei, phr., 枯木死灰 (of a person) dead-alive, lifeless, a living corpse.
13. 死活 syy-huor, phr., (不管）死活拉他來 bring him in regardless;
14. 死活 syy-huor, phr., 不知死活 have no news of person, dead or alive;
15. 死活 syy-huor, phr., (coll.) have no idea of death or danger.
16. 死者 syr-jee, n., (respectful reference) the dead, a dead person.
17. 死角 syr-jiaau, n., dead angle, corner sheltered from fire.
18. 死紀兒 syy-jieh-’l, n., souvenir left by the dead.
19. 死忌 syy-jih, n., anniversary of a person’s death.
20. 死絕 syy-jyuer, v.i., be completely annihilated, die out.
21. 死啃 syr-keen, v.i., (1) eat without work;
22. 死啃 syr-keen, v.i., (2) persist unduly in request or work;
23. 死啃 syr-keen, v.i., (3) read (book) without thinking.
24. 死摳兒 syy-kou-’l, (1) n., stubbornness;
25. 死摳兒 syy-kou-’l, (2) adj., miserly, niggardly;
26. 死摳兒 syy-kou-’l, studious, industrious.
27. 死力 syy-lih, n., brute force, utmost exertion: 盡死力 with all one’s might.
28. 死路（兒） syy-luh (’l), n., dead end;
29. 死路（兒） syy-luh (’l), n., also fatal route.
30. 死麵（兒） syy-miahn (syy-miah-’l), n., unfermented flour.
31. 死命 syy-mihng, (1) n., destiny of death;
32. 死命 syy-mihng, n., 制其死命 get a stranglehold on s.o.;
33. 死命 syy-mihng, (2) adv., 死命抵抗 resist with all one has got, fight to the last man.
34. 死難 syy-nahn, v.i., (1) to die in tragic accidents such as shipwreck, flood, fire or airplane crash;
35. 死難 syy-nahn, v.i., (2) die a martyr’s death.
36. 死牌子 syy-pair-tz, n., fixed, unchangeable rule.
37. 死人 syy-rern, n., (1) a dead person;
38. 死人 syy-rern, n., (2) (abuse) dunderhead.
39. 死傷 syy-shang, n., war casualties;
40. 死傷 syy-shang, n., killed and wounded.
41. 死生 syy-sheng, n., question of life or death;
42. 死生 syy-sheng, n., life and death: 死生有命 a person’s life and death are matters of fate.
43. 死相 syy-shiahng, excl., a teasing remark in disgust (girl to boy).
44. 死性 syy-shihng, n., obstinacy, inflexible character.
45. 死心 syy-shin, v.i., (1) give up hope (of romance, etc.);
46. 死心 syy-shin, v.i., (2) (do s.t.) with all one’s heart and soul: 死心不息 persistently pleading, would not give up.
47. 死刑 syy-shirng, n., death penalty.
48. 死屍 syy-shy, n., a corpse.
49. 死士 syy-shyh, n., (LL) dare-to-die soldier.
50. 死胎 syy-tai, n., stillborn baby.
51. 死催的 syy-tsuei-’de, n., (abuse) one bent for hell.
52. 死鑿兒 syy-tzaur-’l, n., person unable to accommodate anybody.
53. 死罪 syy-tzueih, phr., (1) sentence to death;
54. 死罪 syy-tzueih, phr., (2) (court. at end of letter) 死罪，死罪! pardon for what I have said;
55. 死罪 syy-tzueih, phr., (in speaking to emperor) risk life to give straight advice.
56. 死亡 syy-warng, (1) v.i., to die;
57. 死亡 syy-warng, v.i., fall victim to famine, war, etc.;
58. 死亡 syy-warng, (2) n., those that have died: 死亡約會 rendezvous with death;
59. 死亡 syy-warng, n., 死亡證 death certificate.
60. 死樣 syy-yahng, n., dead pattern without change.
61. 死硬 sy-yihng, adj., intransigent, irreconcilable, stiff and unbending: 死硬派 sy-yihng-paih, diehard.
62. 死友 syr-yoou, n., (LL) friends sworn to the death.

□ Num. Index: 31.70 mih . [Pop. of 覓 90.70]

□ Num. Index: 31.71-1 jiar . [Pop. 戛]

N. An anc. weapon, a lance.

V.t. To strike: □擊 to tap lightly.

Adj. & adv. □□ extraordinary, (-ily), extreme (-ly): □□乎其難哉 how formidable or impossible the task is! □□獨造 (of literary or artistic works) creative, original, out of the common run.

忑 Num. Index: 31.72 teh .

Adj. See 忐^忑 21A.72.

恧 Num. Index: 31.72 nyuh .

Words 1. 恧縮 nyuh-suo, adj., bashful.

恐 Num. Index: 31.72 kuung .

V.i. & t. Fear: (esp. vern.) 恐怕 kuung-pah, see other compp.↓;
驚恐，惶恐 fear, trepidation.

Adv. (LL) 恐, (vern.) 恐怕 perhaps, I am afraid: 恐不容易 I am afraid it is not easy;
恐非原意 I am afraid (perhaps) it was not the original intent;
惟恐，惑恐 perhaps, lest;
惟恐得罪 afraid it should offend (s.o.);
或恐有失 perhaps it may not be done properly (mail miscarried, etc.);
恐其有誤 (LL) perhaps there was a mistake.

Words 1. 恐怖 kuung-buh, v.i. & n., (be in) terror;
2. 恐怖 kuung-buh, v.i. & n., 恐怖政策 (主義) policy of terror;
3. 恐怖 kuung-buh, v.i. & n., 恐怖時代 reign of terror.
4. 恐喝 kuung-heh¹, v.t., to threaten with force.
5. 恐嚇 kuung-heh², v.t., see kuung-heh¹.
6. 恐慌 kuung-huang, v.i. & n., be in terror, desperately afraid, take alarm: 恐慌起來 take fright;
7. 恐慌 kuung-huang, v.i. & n., 經濟恐慌 economic depression.
8. 恐懼 kuung-jyuh n., (LL) fear, awe.
9. 恐龍 kuung-lurng, n., (zoo.) dinosaur.
10. 恐怕 kuung-pah, (1) v.i., fear: 不要恐怕 don’t be afraid;
11. 恐怕 kuung-pah, (2) adv., perhaps: 恐怕不能來 I’m afraid (s.o.) cannot come;
12. 恐怕 kuung-pah, adv., 恐怕不成 I am afraid it won’t do.
13. 恐水病 kurng-shueei-bihng, n., (med.) hydrophobia.

惡 Num. Index: 31.72 eh (*wuh , *wu , *ee ). [Abbr. □]

N. (1) Evil, vice, wickedness: 善惡 good and evil;
惡有惡報 vice is punished.
(2) Poison: 中惡 contract sudden ailment from various causes.

V.i. & t. (1) (*wuh) To hate loathe, dislike heartily: 厭惡 to loathe;
可惡 damnable (person, behavior);
羞惡之心 feeling of shame, moral sense.
(2) (*wuh) (MC) to offend (person).

Adj. (1) Bad in gen., evil, poor: 惡劣 eh-lieh↓;
惡衣惡食 poor food and dress;
惡少年 young hooligan;
惡環境 bad surroundings;
惡俗 bad customs;
惡疾 disgusting disease;
惡札 (court.) my poor writing;
惡心 eh-shin↓;
惡聲 eh-sheng↓;
惡耗 bad news, usu. of s.o.’s death.
(2) Fierce, fercious: 惡狠狠，惡拉拉，惡惡實實的 very fierce, -ly;
惡戰 terrific fight;
惡婦 ferocious wife;
惡辣，惡賴，惡鬼 eh-lah, eh-laih, eh-gueei↓.
(3) Malignant (sore): 惡瘡 eh-chuang↓.

Adv. (1) (*wu) (LL) how: 惡可，惡能 how can (it be?);
惡在 how can it be said that.
(2) (eh) (MC) very: 惡靈利 very able;
惡憐人 (poet.) so charming.

Words 1. 惡霸 eh-bah, n., a village booligan.
2. 惡報 eh-bauh, n., proper retribution for sin.
3. 惡氣 eh-chih, n., evil smell;
4. 惡氣 eh-chih, n., unpleasant manner or atmosphere.
5. 惡臭 eh-chouh, adj., evil-smelling, smelly.
6. 惡瘡 eh-chuang, n., malignant sores, ulcer.
7. 惡德 eh-der, n., wicked conduct, a vice, a sin.
8. 惡惡 *wuh-eh, v.i., to hate evil.
9. 惡煩 eh-farn, adj., tedious;
10. 惡煩 eh-farn, adj., nauseating, -ted.
11. 惡感 eh-gaan, n., bad impression, adverse reaction: 引起惡感 arouse bad feelings.
12. 惡鬼 eh-gueei, n., (abuse) devil;
13. 惡鬼 eh-gueei, n., (Budd.) evil spirit.
14. 惡棍 eh-guhn, n., a roughneck, rascal, scoundrel.
15. 惡果 eh-guoo, n., bad results;
16. 惡果 eh-guoo, n., (Budd.) evil results of evil-doing.
17. 惡漢 eh-hahn, n., a rascal.
18. 惡寒 *wuh-harn, n., (med.) a chilling spasm.
19. 惡化 eh-huah, v.i., (1) to deteriorate, be vitiated;
20. 惡化 eh-huah, v.i., (2) (of beggars, monks) solicit money by disgusting tactics.
21. 惡口 eh-koou, n., bad language: 惡口傷人 use bad language to insult people.
22. 惡辣 eh-lah, adj., ruthless.
23. 惡賴 eh-laih, adj., rotten, vulgar.
24. 惡劣 eh-lieh, adj., bad in gen., esp. in quality, morals.
25. 惡名 eh-mirng, n., a bad reputation.
26. 惡魔 eh-mor, n., (1) (Budd.) devil;
27. 惡魔 eh-mor, n., (2) evil person or force.
28. 惡癖 eh-pii, n., evil habit.
29. 惡人 eh-rern, n., bad person.
30. 惡訕 eh-shahn, v.t., to taunt, deride.
31. 惡少 eh-shauh, n., young culprit, hoodlum, scallawag: 惡少年 juvenile delinquent.
32. 惡聲 eh-sheng, n., (1) (AC) immoral music or song;
33. 惡聲 eh-sheng, n., (2) verbal abuse;
34. 惡聲 eh-sheng, n., (3) bad reputation.
35. 惡限 eh-shiahn, n., (MC) a spell of bad luck.
36. 惡相 eh-shiahng, n., evil or angry countenance.
37. 惡嫌 *wuh-shiarn, v.t., to loathe.
38. 惡戲 eh-shih, v.t., see eh-tzuoh-jyuh↓.
39. 惡行 eh-shihng, n., immoral conduct.
40. 惡性的 eh-shihng-’de, adj., malignant: 惡性瘤 (贅瘤) malignant tumor.
41. 惡心 eh-shin, (1) n., wicked thought;
42. 惡心 eh-shin, (2) v.i., (*ee-shin) nauseate.
43. 惡識 eh-shyh, v.t., (MC) mistake (person) for what he is not.
44. 惡歲 eh-sueih, n., year of bad crops.
45. 惡徒 eh-tur, n., “bad guys,” hoodlums.
46. 惡作劇 eh-tzuoh-jyuh, v.i., to make fun (of person).
47. 惡阻 eh-tzuu, v.i., (1) lose appetite;
48. 惡阻 eh-tzuu, v.i., (2) show morning sickness and change of appetite during pregnancy.
49. 惡子 eh-tzyy, n., (AC) young hooligan.
50. 惡言 eh-yarn, n., words of abuse or vituperation.
51. 惡業 eh-yeh, n., (Budd.) evil thought, speech or conduct.
52. 惡意 eh-yih, n., malice: 沒有惡意 was not malicious, (said or done) without malice.
53. 惡因 eh-yin, n., (Budd.) cause or antecedent of evil results, see eh-guoo↑.

憨 Num. Index: 31.72 han .

N. A surname.

Adj. & adv. (1) Pleasant and silly, rapt in love, see compp.↓.
(2) Coarse: 憨繩子 a coarse rope or string.

Words 1. 憨癡 han-chy, adj., coquettish, gayly provocative.
2. 憨厚 han-’houh, adj., (of scholar) poised, not flighty.
3. 憨直 han-jyr, adj., staightforward (character).
4. 憨笑 han-shiauh, v.i., smile coquettishly.
5. 憨子 han-tz, n., a ninny, nincompoop, idiot.

瑟 Num. Index: 31.72 seh .

N. A long, base stringed instrument, anciently with 5 or 10 strings, later with 25 strings: 琴瑟 (high and base stringed instruments) symbolizing marital harmony.

Adj. (1) Rustling sound: 瑟縮，瑟瑟 ditto.
(2) U.f. 索 10.01 in 蕭瑟 dreary.

頁 Num. Index: 31.80 yeh .

N. (1) A page.
(2) A leaf or double folded page in wood-block editions where half a leaf equals one Eng. page: 頁數 number of pages;
第一頁 page 1.
(3) 冊頁 album of sheets of painting or calligraphy.

貢 Num. Index: 31.80 guhng .

N. (1) A surname.
(2) Tribute paid by a vassal state.

V.t. (1) To pay tribute to: 進貢 to pay tribute;
貢獻 guhng-shiahn, 貢奉 guhng-fehng↓;
貢品 also local goods selected for His Majesty.
(2) Recommend, select: 貢生 guhng-sheng↓.

Words 1. 貢奉 guhng-fehng, v.t., (of vassal states) give (s.t.) as tribute.
2. 貢生 guhng-sheng, n., formerly, a senior licentiate.
3. 貢獻 guhng-shiahn, v.t. & n., contribute, -tions.

賈 Num. Index: 31.80 jiaa (*guu ).

N. (1) A surname.
(2) (*gun) A merchant: 商賈 a trader, businessman.

V.t. (*gun) (1) (LL) sell in commerce.
(2) (LL) to invite: 賈禍 invite disaster;
賈怨 invite hatred.

天 Num. Index: 31.81 tian .

N. (1) The sky, heaven: 天空 the sky, aerial space;
天下 tian-shiah↓;
天上 in the sky above;
天底下 all under heaven, the world over;
天大的事情 a tremendous event;
天無二日 only one surpreme ruler, as “there is only one sun in heaven”;
天字第一號 “A-1,” the very best;
oft. coupled with 地 (the earth) in phrr.: 天地 tian-dih¹↓;
天長地久 as long as the heaven and earth endure;
天公地道 the most natural and fair arrangement;
天翻地覆 turned completely upside down (of disasters, confusion);
天南地北, 天懸地隔 (of friends) separated far apart;
不識天高地厚 (of child) do not know what is what;
天崩地裂 natural disaters like giant earthquakes and landslides;
天網恢恢 God’s justice is inescapable;
天羅地網 (of Taoist demons’ magic) an invisible net preventing all escape;
天聾地啞 completely unmindful of anything, like one deaf and dumb.
(2) Nature, what is given by nature, esp. 天然 see tian-rarn↓: 天資，天賦，天成，天性 tian-tzy², tian-fuh², tian-cherng, tian-shihng²↓;
天年 man’s natural span of life;
天造地設 (of natural scenery) made by nature;
天作之合 (marriage) made in heaven;
天衣無縫 (of art, master piece in fiction) completely natural, without artifice;
天經地義 what is most appropriate, ordained in nature (moral obligations, eternal priciples, etc.);
聽由天命 resign to one’s fate or God’s will, be fatalistic;
靠天吃飯 have no regular income, live by what one can find.
(3) God, the supreme ruler, the celestial spirits: 天老爺 Father Heaven;
皇天后士 (prayer to) Ye Gods! heavenly father and mother earth;
天堂，天國 tian-tarng, tian-guor↓;
天怒人怨 the gods are angry and the people resentful;
怨天尤人 blame everybody but oneself;
無法無天 completely lawless and Godless, licentious;
天不怕，地不怕 fear neither God nor men;
天之驕子 “the chosen of God,” an unusually blessed or lucky person, God’s favored one, (a tint of sarcasm in Chin. usage.);
used coll. like Eng. “God”: 天啊，天哪 O God! good heavens! 我的天 oh, my God! 老天爺 oh, God! 天曉得 God knows (nobody knows);
天可憐見 how pitiful! 天誅地滅 may the gods strike (him) down!
(4) A day: 今天，明天，昨天 today, tomorrow, yesterday;
過兩天 in two or three days;
前幾天 a few days ago;
每天 everyday;
成天，一天到晚 all day;
大白天 in broad daylight.
(5) Season, weather: 春天，夏天，秋天，冬天 spring, summer, autumn, winter;
三伏天 hottest summer days;
黃梅天 rainy season in spring;
晴天 clear day, 天晴了 it is clear now;
天朗氣清 it is clear and dry;
雨天，陰天 rainy, cloudy day;
熱天，大熱天 hot, very hot day;
天熱了 it has become hot;
天冷了 it has become cold;
天變了，變天了 the weather has changed;
天亮了 it is dawn;
五更天 at early dawn;
天明 early dawn, daybreak;
天黑 at dusk, twilight;
天昏地暗 it is dark, overcast, like night.
(6) N. & adj., emperor, imperial, of the emperor: 天子 the Son of Heaven, Emperor;
天朝 the Celestial Court (formerly, used in communication with foreign countries);
天恩 the emperor’s grace;
天顏 His Imperial presence;
天闕 imperial court.
(7) The most important thing in life: 民以食為天 food is next to God for the people;
王者以民為天 a king’s life depends upon the people.
(8) Husband: 失其所天 lost her husband.

Words 1. 天表 tian-biaau, n., beyond heaven, beyound the skies.
2. 天變 tian-biahn, n., natural calamities;
3. 天變 tian-biahn, n., change of weather: 天變了 it’s going to rain.
4. 天邊（兒） tian-bian (’l), n., beyond the horizon: 天邊海角 far beyond, in distant places.
5. 天稟 tian-biing, n., native endowments.
6. 天兵 tian-bing, n., (1) (Taoist) celestial troops;
7. 天兵 tian-bing, n., (2) formerly, imperial troops.
8. 天產 tian-chaan, n., local product, land product.
9. 天朝 tian-chaau, n., imperial court.
10. 天成 tian-cherng, adj., natural, springing from nature: 天成佳偶 a good match as if made in heaven;
11. 天成 tian-cherng, adj., 文章本天成 good writing is completely like nature.
12. 天譴 tian-chiaan, adj., God’s punishment.
13. 天塹 tian-chiahn, n., natural barrier for defense (such as wide river).
14. 天橋 tian-chiaur, n., (1) overpass at railways;
15. 天橋 tian-chiaur, n., (2) anc. scaffolding for attacking city walls.
16. 天氣 tian-chih, n., the day’s weather.
17. 天青 tian-ching, n., (of brocades, etc.) dark wine color.
18. 天窗 tian-chuang, n., skylight: 打開天窗說亮話 to be quite frank.
19. 天趣 tian-chyuh, n., beauty of natural objects or phenomena.
20. 天衢 tian-chyur, n., formerly, busy thoroughfares of the capital.
21. 天道 tian-dauh, n., God’s way, divine order of things, spiritual principles: 天道好還 God’s way goes in a cycle;
22. 天道 tian-dauh, n., (dial.) the weather.
23. 天地 tian-dih¹, n., (1) heaven and earth, the universe, the world: 天地間 in the whole world;
24. 天地 tian-dih¹, n., 小天地 a little world in itself;
25. 天地 tian-dih¹, n., 兒童天地 the child’s world;
26. 天地 tian-dih¹, n., 別有天地 a different world, a utopia;
27. 天地 tian-dih¹, n., (2) the upper and lower margins of a scroll.
28. 天帝 tian-dih², n., Celestial Ruler (appellation of Taoist gods).
29. 天定 tian-dihng, adj., predetermined, predestined.
30. 天底下 tian-dii-shiah, phr., under the sun;
31. 天底下 tian-dii-shiah, phr., in the world.
32. 天鵝 tian-er, n., the swan.
33. 天方夜譚 Tian-fang-Yeh-tarn, n., Arabian Nights.
34. 天分 tian-fehn (tian-’fen), n., born gifts, talent;
35. 天分 tian-fehn (tian-’fen), n., 天分甚高 has high intelligence.
36. 天父 Tian-fuh¹, n., (Christ.) God the Father.
37. 天賦 tian-fuh², n., natural gifts.
38. 天府 tian-fuu, n., self-sufficient region, with natural defense against invaders: 天府之國 a country with rich natural resource—a name given to 四川.
39. 天干 tian-gan, n., the decimal cycle, 甲，乙，丙，丁，戊，己，庚，辛，壬，癸, used as serial number like A, B, C, D—see Appendix A.
40. 天光 tian-guang, n., daylight.
41. 天癸 tian-gueei, n., menstruation.
42. 天工 tian-gung¹, n., nature’s work, said in praise of great art: 巧奪天工 it rivals nature.
43. 天宮 tian-gung², n., heavenly abode of the gods.
44. 天國 tian-guor, n., (Christ.) the Kingdom of Heaven.
45. 天鼓 tian-guu, n., (rare, LL) thunder.
46. 天河 tian-her, n., the Milky Way (also called 銀河，天漢).
47. 天花 tian-hua, n., (1) smallpox;
48. 天花 tian-hua, n., (2) (Budd.) flowers dropped from the sky;
49. 天花 tian-hua, n., 天花亂墜 said of extravagant talk;
50. 天花 tian-hua, n., 天花板 ceiling.
51. 天潢 tian-huarng, n., (LL) royal descendants.
52. 天火 tian-huoo, n., fire from heaven, said of houses stuck by lihgtning.
53. 天真 tian-jen, adj., innocent, na𡢡e, frank, gen. showing traits of children: 你太天真了 you are too na𡢡e, believe too much in people’s words.
54. 天機 tian-ji, n., hidden plans of providence: 不可洩漏天機 (a seer) may not reveal what is coming or decree of God;
55. 天機 tian-ji, n., the secret springs of nature, such as divine inspiration.
56. 天戒 tian-jieh, n., born teetotaler.
57. 天井 tian-jiing, n., courtyard, a small yard;
58. 天井 tian-jiing, n., air shaft.
59. 天津 Tian-jin, n., Tientsin, a port city.
60. 天九 tian-jioou, n., game of dominoes.
61. 天竺 Tian-jur, n., anc. term for India.
62. 天竺桂 tian-jur-gueih, n., a kind of cinnamon, Cinnamonum pedunculatum.
63. 天主 tian-juu, n., Catholic term for God: 天主教 Catholicism, Roman Catholic Church;
64. 天主 tian-juu, n., 天主（教）堂 cathedral.
65. 天職 tian-jyr, n., man’s natural duty: 國民的天職 a citizen’s natural duty.
66. 天空 tian-kung, n., the sky, outer space.
67. 天籟 tian-laih, n., sounds of nature (whistlig of winds, etc.).
68. 天藍 tian-larn, n., pale blue, skyblue.
69. 天良 tian-liarng, n., conscience.
70. 天理 tian-lii, n., Nature’s law: 天理昭彰 God’s law is manifest, i.e., evil is punished;
71. 天理 tian-lii, n., 天理不容 intolerable, injustice;
72. 天理 tian-lii, n., 沒有天理 unscrupulous, lawless, a law to oneself, unreasonable.
73. 天靈蓋 tian-lirng-gaih, n., the crown of the head.
74. 天祿 tian-luh, n., (1) a fabulous creature in anc. sculptures;
75. 天祿 tian-luh, n., (2) anc. idea of official rank in heaven.
76. 天倫 tian-lurn, n., the natural bonds and relationships of men, esp. the bonds of family: 天倫之樂 the happiness of family reunion, happy home.
77. 天門冬 tian-mern-dung, n., (bot.) Asparagus lucidus.
78. 天命 tian-mihng, n., fate, destiny, God’s will: 受天之命 divine mandate, a king rules by the grace of God.
79. 天幕 tian-muh, n., awning over open space;
80. 天幕 tian-muh, n., painted backdrop of stage, indicating open space.
81. 天南星 tian-narn-shing, n., (bot.) jack-in-the-pulpit, Arisaema serratum.
82. 天牛 tian-niour, n., a class of beetles with very long feelers, Apriona rugicollis.
83. 天崘瘡 tian-pauh-chuang, n., (med.) pemphigus, an infection with blisters on skin.
84. 天棚 tian-perng, n., awning of cloth or bamboo.
85. 天平 tian-(’)pirng, n., weighing scales.
86. 天壤 tian-raang, n.,as in 天壤之別 wide difference (as distance between the sky and the earth).
87. 天然 tian-rarn, adj. & adv., natural, not artificial;
88. 天然 tian-rarn, adj. & adv., naturally, of course.
89. 天人 tian-rern, n., (1) nature and man: 天人合一 theory that man is integral part of nature;
90. 天人 tian-rern, n., (2) a celestial being, an extraordinary beauty.
91. 天日 tian-ryh, n., daylight;
92. 天日 tian-ryh, n., 重見天日 release after imprisonment or great injustice;
93. 天日 tian-ryh, n., 不見天日 living in darkness or dark oppression.
94. 天色 tian-seh, n., time of the day, as judged by color of sky: 天色己晚 it is getting dark.
95. 天生 tian-sheng, adj., born: 天生才子 born great artist, a genius.
96. 天神 tian-shern, n., celestial spirit.
97. 天險 tian-shiaan, n., natural defense, such as high mountains, cliffs, etc.
98. 天下 tian-shiah, n., the world: 今日的天下 the world today;
99. 天下 tian-shiah, n., 天下的人 all people in the world;
100. 天下 tian-shiah, n., anciently used to denote China.
101. 天線 tian-shiahn, n., antenna.
102. 天象 tian-shiahng, n., natural phenomena, esp. in the skies;
103. 天象 tian-shiahng, n., the heavenly bodies.
104. 天仙 tian-shian, n., fairy: 美若天仙 beautiful like a fairy;
105. 天仙 tian-shian, n., 天仙果 tian-shian-guoo, n., (bot.) a kind of fig, Ficus erecta.
106. 天香 tian-shiang, n., as in 國色天香 woman of great beauty;
107. 天香 tian-shiang, n., 天香百合 tian-shiang-bair-her, n., (bot.) gold band lily, Lilium auratum.
108. 天幸 tian-shihng¹, n., rare luck.
109. 天性 tian-shihng², n., human nature, disposition (of wolves, foxes, villains, heroes, etc.).
110. 天書 tian-shu, n., (1) Taoist writings;
111. 天書 tian-shu, n., (2) imperial edict.
112. 天數 tian-shuh, n., predestination.
113. 天師 tian-shy, n., Taoist master.
114. 天時 tian-shyr, n., weather.
115. 天使 tian-shyy, n., angel.
116. 天算 tian-suahn, n., short for 天文算術 astronomy and mathematics.
117. 天堂 tian-tarng, n., heaven in religious sense.
118. 天條 tian-tiaur, n., the laws of God in heaven.
119. 天體 tian-tii, n., (1)heavenly body;
120. 天體 tian-tii, n., (2) the nude: 天體運動 nudist movement;
121. 天體 tian-tii, n., 天體營 nudist colony.
122. 天庭 tian-tirng, n., (1) the forehead: 天庭飽滿 a full forehead;
123. 天庭 tian-tirng, n., (2) anc., the imperial court.
124. 天才 tian-tsair, n., (1) natural talent, aptitude;
125. 天才 tian-tsair, n., (2) genius, very brilliant person.
126. 天蠶 tian-tsarn, n., a wild species of silkworm.
127. 天曹 tian-tsaur, n., celestial officials.
128. 天災 tian-zai, n., natural calamity;
129. 天災 tian-zai, n., act of God.
130. 天擇 tian-tzer, n., natural selection in evolution: 物競天擇 survival of the fittest in natural selection.
131. 天縱 tian-tzuhng, adj., as in 天縱之才 heroes, sages, especiallly gifted leaders of men.
132. 天尊 tian-tzun, n., (Taoism) god, spirit.
133. 天足 tian-tzur, n., unbound, “natural” feet.
134. 天姿 tian-tzy¹, n., beauty of looks.
135. 天資 tian-tzy², n., person’s natural endowment or intelligence (high, low).
136. 天子 tian-tzyy, n., “the Son of Heaven,” designation of emperor.
137. 天王星 tian-warng-shing, n., (astron.) Uranus.
138. 天文 tian-wern, n., science of astronomy;
139. 天文 tian-wern, n., 天文鏡 tian-wern-jihng, n., telescope;
140. 天文 tian-wern, n., 天文臺 tian-wern-tair, n., astronomical observatory.
141. 天演 tian-yaan, n., theory of evolution.
142. 天閹 tian-yan, n., naturally impotent person.
143. 天涯 tian-yar, n., the limits of the earth: 天涯海角 the four corners of the earth.
144. 天意 tian-yih, n., god’s will.
145. 天淵 tian-yuan, n., as in 天淵之別 great difference, as the sky is separated from ocean depths, see tian-raang↑.
146. 天元 tian-yuarn¹, n., anc. Chin. algebra.
147. 天緣 tian-yuarn², n., predestined friendship or marriage;
148. 天緣 tian-yuarn², n., predestination.
149. 天宇 tian-yuu, n., the sky;
150. 天宇 tian-yuu, n., the whole world;
151. 天宇 tian-yuu, n., the capital of country.

耎 Num. Index: 31.81 ruaan . [Cogn., 澊 10D.81]

燹 Num. Index: 31.81 shiaan .

N. Wild fires: 兵燹之禍 the ravages of war.

更 Num. Index: 31.82 geng (*gehng as adv.; *jing ).

N. (1) A surname.
(2) (Also *jing) one of the five watches on a night: 三更半夜 about midnight;
更深夜漏 in the dead of night;
雞鳴五更 day break, dawn (lit., “when the cock crows at the last night watch”);
五更雞 chicken simmered for a whole night.

V.t. (1) To change, alter, modify: 更改，更動，更換 geng-gaai, geng-duhng, geng-’huahn↓;
變更 make changes in;
改弦更張 introduce reforms.
(2) Rotate, take turns at: 更番 geng-fan, 更代 geng-daih↓.
(3) Revise, correct, amend: 更正 geng-jehng, 更訂 geng-dihng.
(4) To experience: 更事 geng-shyh↓.

Adv. (1) (*gehng) Once more, over again, still further: 更上一層樓 go up a storey stll higher.
(2) To a higher degree: vern. oft. 更加 gehng-jia↓;
更多 more;
更好 much better;
更難 more difficult;
更苦 more bitter or harder;
更使我為難 embarrass me so much the more;
更叫人不知如何是好 place one in an impossible fix.

Words 1. 更代 geng-daih, v.t., replace (s.o.) with another, take turns.
2. 更迭 geng-dier, adv., in succession.
3. 更訂 geng-dihng, v.t., revise (books, etc.).
4. 更端 geng-duan, n., new beginning.
5. 更動 geng-duhng, v.t., modify, change (personnel, post, texts, etc.).
6. 更番 geng-fan, v.i., be assigned to duties by rotation.
7. 更夫 geng-fu, n., a night watchman.
8. 更改 geng-gaai, v.t., alter, change (dress, plans, etc.).
9. 更鼓 geng-guu, n., a night watchman’s drum or clapper.
10. 更換 geng-’huahn, v.t., replace, substitute, change (dress, position, regulations, etc.).
11. 更張 geng-jang, v.t., as in 改絃更張 to reform (lit., restring musical instrument).
12. 更正 geng-jehng, v.t., make corrections: 來函更正 letter to a newspaper editor to correct an inaccurate report.
13. 更加 *gehng-jia, adv., as in 更加厲害 still worse;
14. 更加 *gehng-jia, adv., 更加可憐 still more pitiful.
15. 更漏 geng-louh, n., hourglass, a device for measuring time of the night watches.
16. 更樓 geng-lour, n., a watch tower.
17. 更名 geng-mirng, phr., to change one’s name.
18. 更深 geng-shen, adv., late at night: 更深人靜 all is quiet in the dead of night.
19. 更生 geng-sheng, v.t., as in 自力更生 put forth new life by one’s efforts.
20. 更新 geng-shin, v.t. & n., renew, -al, renovate, -tion: 一元復始，萬象更新 with the beginning of another year, everything is fresh again;
21. 更新 geng-shin, v.t. & n., 更新設備 (of industrial plants) renovate equipment and facilities.
22. 更戍 geng-shuh, v.t., transfer garrison forces.
23. 更事 geng-shyh, v.i., have experience of, be experienced: 少不更事 too young and inexperienced;
24. 更事 geng-shyh, v.i., 更事未多 with little experience in practical affairs.
25. 更始 gen-shyy, v.i., begin a new page: 與民更始 (pledge to) give the people a new deal.
26. 更替 geng-tih, v.i. & t., to substitute, to change.
27. 更頭 geng-tour, n., the time of a night watch;
28. 更頭 geng-tour, n., 五更頭 at the fifth watch.
29. 更次 geng-tsyh, n., as in 一個更次 a night watch (＝tour↑).
30. 更卒 geng-tzur, n., troops assigned to garrison duties by turns.
31. 更衣 geng-yi, phr., to change dress.
32. 更易 geng-yih, v.t., alter, change (plans, etc.).

夏 Num. Index: 31.82 shiah (*jiah ).

N. (1) Summer: 夏季，夏天，夏日shiah-jih, shiah-tian, shiah-ryh↓;
初夏 early summer;
夏收 summer harvest;
炎夏 hot summer;
夏日可畏 of official superior who is a severe disciplinarian, compared to the summer sun, contrasted with 冬日可愛 the gentle superior like the pleasant sun of winter;
“夏五,” “郭公” (LL) missing passages, from those in 左傳;
夏蟲語冰 as a summer insect discusses ice—of one who talks what he knows nothing about.
(2) The Shiah Dyn. (usu. wr. Hsia, 2205－1766 B.C.): 夏后 shiah-houh↓;
夏朝，夏代，夏室 the Shiah Dyn.;
夏禮 the rituals and institutions of Shiah Dyn.
(3) 華夏 China;
Chinese.
(4) 夏國 anc. name of Bactria (also 大夏).
(5) A surname.

Words 1. 夏布 shiah-buh, n., fine linen.
2. 夏楚 *jiar-chuu-, n., a rod, a ferule for punishing pupils.
3. 夏后 Shiah-houh, n., usu. 夏后氏 name of royal house of Emperor Yuu (禹), founder of Shiah Dyn.
4. 夏正 shiah-jehng, n., the first month of the lunar year.
5. 夏節 shiah-jier, n., (1) the fifth day of fifth lunar month—the Dragon Boat Festival;
6. 夏節 shiah-jier, n., (2) summer solstice.
7. 夏季 shiah-jih, n., the summer season;
8. 夏季 shiah-jih, n., see shiah-lihng↓.
9. 夏至 shiah-jyh, n., summer solstice.
10. 夏曆 shiah-lih, n., the lunar calendar.
11. 夏令 shiah-lihng, n., summer season;
12. 夏令 shiah-lihng, n., 夏令會 summer conference;
13. 夏令 shiah-lihng, n., 夏令營 summer camp.
14. 夏眠 shiah-miarn, n., (of certain tropical insects) summer hibernation.
15. 夏日 shiah-ryh, n., summer day;
16. 夏日 shiah-ryh, n., summer sun.
17. 夏天 shiah-tian, n., summer, summer days.

憂 Num. Index: 31.82 you .

N. (1) Sorrow, anxiety, concern: 消憂，解憂 to dissipate sorrow;
忘憂 forget one’s sorrow;
隱憂 secret worry;
憂苦 affliction.
(2) Parents’ funeral: 丁憂 compulsory retirement from public life during parents’ mourning.

V.t. To be concerned for: 憂國，憂民 be concerned, worried, for the country, for the people.

Adj. Sorrowful, anxious, concerned: 憂愁，憂慮 you-’chour, you-’lyuh↓.

Words 1. 憂愁 you-’chour, n. & adj., sorrow, -ful, sad, -ness.
2. 憂憤 you-fehn, adj. & n., angry, anger, exasperated, -tion.
3. 憂患 you-huahn, n., disaster.
4. 憂懼 you-jyuh, n. & adj., fear and worry.
5. 憂慮 you-’lyuh, n., concern, worry.
6. 憂悶 you-mehn, adj., depressed, sad.
7. 憂傷 you-shang, adj. & n., grief, grieved.
8. 憂心 you-shin, n., sad heart.
9. 憂思 you-sy, n., worry, anxiety.
10. 憂悒 you-yih, adj., sad, disappointed.
11. 憂鬱 you-yuh, adj., vexed.

覆 Num. Index: 31.82 fuh .

V.i. & t. (1) To overturn: 傾覆 to overthrow (government);
顛覆 totter, about to fall, also v.t., to overthrow (government);
舟覆 ship overturns;
see 覆沒，覆輒 fuh-moh, fuh-cheh↓;
覆車之戒，前車覆，後車戒 (anc. proverb) overturned cart in front is warning for those behind;
覆盆之冤 dark injustice (like being under a overturned tub).
(2) Cover: 覆蓋 cover;
天之所覆，地之所載 what is under heaven and borne by the earth;
覆（醬）瓿 (modest) my worthless writing (“useful for covering condiment jars”).
(3) Pour out: 覆水難收 water poured on the ground cannot be recovered, said by husband unwilling to take back separated wife.
(4) To reply (unnecessary var. of 復): 答覆，覆信，回覆;
覆命 report on termination of assignment.

Adv. Used like “re-” as prefix & vb., denoting “double check”: 覆查 re-examine;
覆校 re-proof;
覆核 double check on figures for budget, expenses;
覆選 second election;
覆審 re-examine case at court;
覆考，覆試 re-examination, double tests.

Words 1. 覆敗 fuh-baih, v.i., be defeated.
2. 覆車 fuh-che, n., a bird trap;
3. 覆車 fuh-che, n., an overturned cart.
4. 覆輒 fuh-cheh, n., route of overturned cart.
5. 覆滅 fuh-mieh, v.i., be defeated;
6. 覆滅 fuh-mieh, v.i., be see fuh-moh↓.
7. 覆沒 fuh-moh, v.i., (of ship) overturn: 全軍覆沒 whole army is drowned.
8. 覆盆子 fuh-pern-tz, n., (bot.) plant of rose family, Rubus tokkura.

覈 Num. Index: 31.82 her .

V.i. & t. See var. 核 10B.81 vb.

Adj. Severe, penetrating: 深覈.

迂 Num. Index: 31.83 yu .

Adj. (1) Doctrinaire, dogmatic, abstruse, impractical: 迂闊，迂腐 yu-kuoh, yu-fuu↓.
(2) Roundabout, remote (interch. 紆 93B.00), intricate: 迂曲，迂迴 yu-chyu, yu-hueir↓.

Words 1. 迂氣 yu-’chi, adj., stubborn, unrealistic.
2. 迂曲 yu-chyu, adj., twisted, with many turns.
3. 迂誕 yu-dahn, adj., perverse, absurd and pretentious, bombastic.
4. 迂道 yu-dauh, adv., by roundabout path.
5. 迂夫子 yu-fu-tzyy, n., (contempt.) a cranky professor;
6. 迂夫子 yu-fu-tzyy, n., a person with encrusted opinions.
7. 迂腐 yu-fuu, adj., antiquated, reactionary, dogmatic (person, ideas), senile-minded.
8. 迂緩 yu-huaan, adj. slow, cumbersome (progress).
9. 迂迥 yu-hueir, adj., (road) twisting about.
10. 迂見 yu-jiahn, phr., impractical, doctrinaire opinion.
11. 迂久 yu-jioou, adj., a very long time.
12. 迂拙 yu-juor, adj., stupid and narrow-minded.
13. 迂滯 yu-jyh, adj., sluggish.
14. 迂直 yu-jyr, adj., stubborn and simple-minded (opinion).
15. 迂拘 yu-jyu, adj., dogmatic, impractical.
16. 迂𡚸 yu-kuoh, adj., abstruse, unrealistic.
17. 迂陋 yu-louh, adj., vulgar and uninformed.
18. 迂路 yu-luh, n., see yu-dauh↑.
19. 迂論 yu-luhn, n., bombastic talk or opinion.
20. 迂儒 yu-rur, n., encrusted Confu. scholar.
21. 迂遠 yu-yuaan, adj., remote.

□ Num. Index: 31.83 naai . [Pop. & anc. var. of 遒 80.83]

□ Num. Index: 31.83 huarn . [Pop. of 還 41D.83]

□ Num. Index: 31.83 yirng . [Abbr. of 迎 90.83]

逕 Num. Index: 31.83 jihng .

N. (Var. 徑) a footapth.

Adv. Directly, freely, impulsively, see 徑 91B.30: 逕啟者 (phr. used in business letters) “This is to advise you that.…”

逐 Num. Index: 31.83 jur .

N. (1) To pursue: 追逐 pursue (fame, power, girl);
逐鹿 jur-luh↓.
(2) To drive out, expel: 驅逐 drive out;
放逐 expel from country.

Adj. Each: 逐一 each one;
逐件 each piece;
逐條 each artice (of treaty) or item.

Adv. Gradually, one by one: 逐漸 jur-jiahn↓.

Words 1. 逐北 jur-boh, v.i., be defeated.
2. 逐臭 jur-chouh, v.i., run after “filth”—i.e., have strange hankerings or tastes, as flies like garbage.
3. 逐電 jur-diahn, adv., quick as lightning flash.
4. 逐漸 jur-jiahn, adv., gradually (grow, diminish, etc.).
5. 逐客令 jur-keh-lihng, n., as in 下逐客令 order guest unceremoniously to get out.
6. 逐鹿 jur-luh, phr., (allu.) 逐鹿中原 fight for the throne (lit., to see who gets the deer 鹿死誰手 in a deer hunt).
7. 逐末 jur-moh, n., as in 棄本逐末 run after the less important things, forgetting the important.
8. 逐日 jur-ryh, (1) adv., everyday;
9. 逐日 jur-ryh, (2) v.i., (LL) race with the sun (in speed).
10. 逐勝 jur-shehng, v.i., chase defeated enemy.
11. 逐勢 jur-shyh, v.i., to run after the rich and powerful.
12. 逐次 jur-tsyh, adv., (1) gradually;
13. 逐次 jur-tsyh, adv., (2) each time.
14. 逐一 jur-yi, adv., one by one.
15. 逐疫 jur-yih, v.i., perform rite to exorcise evil spirits.

遷 Num. Index: 31.83 chian .

V.i. (1) To move to another place: 遷移，遷徙，遷居 chian-yir, chian-shii, chian-jyu↓;
遷入 move into (a new house);
喬遷 celebration of moving to new house or official post;
遷怒 chian-nuh↓.
(2) To change, esp. slowly, to shift: 苟不教，性乃遷 a man’s nature changes for the worse if not properly taught.
(3) (LL) to be appointed to a certain post: 升遷，遷調;
also to be degraded or exiled: 遷謫，遷戍 chian-jer, chian-shuh↓.

Words 1. 遷除 chian-chur, v.i., be appointed (to post, rank).
2. 遷調 chian-diauh, v.i., transfer to another post.
3. 遷鼎 chian-diing, n., change dynasty (allu., “transport sacrificial tripod,” symbol of royal rule).
4. 遷都 chian-du, v.i., to move capital.
5. 遷祔 chian-fuh, v.i., move grave to ancestral graveyard.
6. 遷化 chian-huah, v.i., (1) to change, deterioriate;
7. 遷化 chian-huah, v.i., (2) (Budd.) to die.
8. 遷換 chian-huahn, v.i.. to change (currency, location, etc.).
9. 遷謫 chian-jer, v.i., to go into exile.
10. 遷就 chian-jiouh, v.i., be accommodating, accept lower position or cheaper terms.
11. 遷居 chian-jyu, phr., to move into another house.
12. 遷怒 chian-nuh, phr., vent one’s anger on a third party.
13. 遷染 chian-raan, v.i. & t., to change in character;
14. 遷染 chian-raan, v.i. & t., be corrupted by (influence).
15. 遷善 chian-shahn, v.i., (LL) to reform one’s ways.
16. 遷徙 chian-shii, v.i. & t., cause (person, whole population) to, migrate, move away from original place of residence;
17. 遷徙 chian-shii, v.i. & t., to change residence.
18. 遷戍 chian-shuh, v.t., to exile (person), be exiled.
19. 遷次 chian-tsyh, (1) (LL) change of lodgings on journey;
20. 遷次 chian-tsyh, (2) promotion to higher post;
21. 遷次 chian-tsyh, (3) seasonal changes;
22. 遷次 chian-tsyh, (4) adv., hurriedly, disorderly.
23. 遷葬 chian-tzahng, phr., move graveyard to another place.
24. 遷延 chian-yarn, v.i., to dillydally, delay, procrastinate.
25. 遷移 chian-yir, v.i., remove, shift (place of residence, post, responsibility).

邇 Num. Index: 31.83 eel .

Adj. (LL) near: 親邇 go near;
邇近 near;
邇來 recently;
遐邇 far and near.

跫 Num. Index: 31.83 chyurng .

Adj. (AC) descriptive of sound of footsteps: 跫跫，跫然.

甦 Num. Index: 31.83 su .

V.i. To wake up;
to revive (also wr. 穌，蘇): 復甦 revive.

Words 1. 甦醒 su-shiing, v.i., wake up from coma, stupor: 甦醒過來 recover from coma on unconsciousness.

耍 Num. Index: 31.93 shuaa .

V.i. To play for pastime: 玩耍 ditto;
作耍 make a joke or do s.t. for pastime;
好吃好耍 like to eat and to play;
不是耍的 it is dangerous, not a joke.

V.t. (1) To play (an act, a role, a trick), make (a gesture), show off: 耍把戲 shuar-baa-shih↓;
耍手段，耍花槍 play a trick, show skill to confuse;
耍花幵的 ditto, also make a special flourish in painting or calligraphy;
耍光棍 play the scoundrel;
耍勢力 show off one’s power, use power to impress.
(2) To gamble: 耍錢 shuaa-chiarn↓;
把錢耍光了 gambled away all one’s money;
耍家兒 shuaa-jia-’l↓.
(3) To give a professional show: 耍刀 exhibit swordplay;
耍拳腳 exhibit boxing;
耍獅子 give a lion dance;
耍猴子，耍狗熊 give a monkey, bear show.

Words 1. 耍把戲 shuar-baa-shih, v.i., to play a trick;
2. 耍把戲 shuar-baa-shih, v.i., to give acrobatic or similar show.
3. 耍叉 shuaa-cha, v.i., to create trouble for s.o.
4. 耍錢 shuaa-chiarn, v.i., to gamble.
5. 耍骨頭 shuaa-gur-’tou, v.i., try to show off.
6. 耍滑 shuaa-huar, v.i., to play fast and loose.
7. 耍貨（兒） shuaa-huoh (’l), n., children’s toys.
8. 耍家兒 shuaa-jia-’l, n., a gambler (also 耍家子 shuaa-jia-tz).
9. 耍兒 shuaa-’l, n., gambling.
10. 耍臉子 shuar-liaan-tz, v.i., give an angry look.
11. 耍弄 shuaa-luhng, v.t., to make a fool of (s.o.).
12. 耍脾氣 shuaa-pir-’chi, v.i., indulge in fits of temper.
13. 耍頻（貧）嘴 shuaa-pirn-tzueei, v.i., love to gossip.
14. 耍人兒的 shuaa-rer-’l-’de, n., a labor hand.
15. 耍像兒 shuaa-shiahng-’l, v.i., to give a sign with a wink, nod, glance, etc.
16. 耍笑 shuaa-shiauh, v.i., to occupy time with jokes, tomfoolery.
17. 耍戲 shuaa-shih, v.t., v.t., to make a fool of.
18. 耍手藝 shuar-shoou-’yi, v.i., make a living by some skill.
19. 耍子 shuaa-tz, (1) n., (MC) a display of skill, a pastime;
20. 耍子 shuaa-tz, (2) v.i., to play, while away time.
21. 耍嘴皮子 shuar-tzueei-pir-tz, n., (coll.) professional clown or joker.

要 Num. Index: 31.93 yauh (*yau ).

N. Necessity, need, urgency: 必要 necessity;
沒有必要 there is no need;
主要 prime importance;
需要 need, necessity, also v.t., to need.

Vb. aux. (1) Want: 我要走 I want to go;
他不要 he does not want (to, it).
(2) Going to: 將要 ditto: (將)要下雨了 it is going to rain;
天快要黑了 it is going to be dark soon.
(3) Should: 你要知道，要小心 you should know, should be careful.

V.t. (1) To want (s. t.);
to demand or request: 我要他來 I want him to come;
這本書我要了 I have already requested for this book;
他要了去 he has requested and taken it away;
要得，要不得 yauh-der, yauh-’bu-’de↓.
(2) (*yau) (LL) to sum it up: 要之.
(3) (*yau) (a) Demand: 要求 yau-chiour↓;
(b) coerce: 要挾，要盟 yau-shier, yau-merng↓;
(c) (AC) ambush and capture on the way: 將要而殺之 was going to ambush and kill him.

Adj. Important: 要緊 yauh-jiin↓;
重要 important;
急要 urgent;
主要 of prime importance;
最要 most important;
至要 most important and do not forget;
要言不煩 an important statement need not be prolix.

Conj. If (＝若, related): 要是 yauh-’shy↓;
要不然 yauh-’buh-rarn↓;
你要不來 if you don’t come;
要不，我們回去罷 if not, we’ll go back.

Words 1. 要隘 yauh-aih, n., strategic pass.
2. 要便 yauh-biahn, adv., (MC) often, usually.
3. 要不的 yauh-’bu-’de, (1) adv., extremely: 窮得要不的 unbearably poor;
4. 要不的 yauh-’bu-’de, (2) phr., extremely bad: 這肉壞了要不的 this meat is spoilt, to be rejected.
5. 要不然 yauh-’bu-rarn, phr., if not, otherwise (I refuse to go, etc.).
6. 要強 yauh-chiarng, v.i., to want to forge ahead, be a success.
7. 要求 *yau-chiour, v.i. & t., to demand, request (s.t., that).
8. 要衝 yauh-chung, n., place which bears the brunt of attack;
9. 要衝 yauh-chung, n., strategic area.
10. 要道 yauh-dauh, n., (1) main route, highway;
11. 要道 yauh-dauh, n., (2) important teaching.
12. 要得 yauh-der (yauh-’de), adj., (Szechuan dial.) desirable, good;
13. 要得 yauh-der (yauh-’de), adj., 要不得 (的) see yau-’bu-’de↑.
14. 要點 yauh-diaan, n., important point.
15. 要地 yauh-dih, n., important place, position.
16. 要端 yauh-duan, n., important point.
17. 要犯 yauh-fahn, n., chief culprit;
18. 要犯 yauh-fahn, n., important convict.
19. 要飯（兒）的 yauh-fahn (yauh-fah-’l)’de, n., a beggar.
20. 要港 yauh-gaang, n., principal port.
21. 要括 yauh-gua, v.i. & t., to summarize.
22. 要乖乖 yauh-guai-guai, v.i., to kiss, see yauh-tzuee-’l↓.
23. 要故 yauh-guh, n., serious business.
24. 要公 yauh-gung, n., important official business.
25. 要好 yauh-haau, v.i., be good friends with: 兩個人很要好 the two are very good to each other.
26. 要害 yauh-haih, n., (1) vital part of body;
27. 要害 yauh-haih, n., (2) vital area of defense.
28. 要謊 yauh-huaang, v.i., (seller) asks fantastic price in preparation for haggling.
29. 要賬 yauh-jahng, v.i., to ask for repayment.
30. 要價兒 yauh-jiah-’l, n., the price offered for sale.
31. 要件 yauh-jiahn, n., important items, articles, documents.
32. 要近 yauh-jihn, n., (LL) those close to the ruling power.
33. 要勁（兒） yauh-jihn (yauh-jieh-’l), n., strenuous effort.
34. 要緊 yauh-jiin, adj., important: 不要緊 unimportant, never mind.
35. 要津 yauh-jin, n., (LL) important road or avenue, esp. to success or power.
36. 要擊 *yau-jir, v.t., to waylay and attack.
37. 要著 yauh-juor, n., an important move step;
38. 要著 yauh-juor, n., essential point (of book), prime aim.
39. 要旨 yauh-jyy, n., essential point (of book), prime aim.
40. 要口 yauh-koou, n., important point of entry or exit.
41. 要臉 yauh-liaan, v.i., to care for “face”, also 要臉面;
42. 要臉 yauh-liaan, v.i., 不要臉 shameless.
43. 要領 (1) yauh-liing, n., main themes, main points of discussion: 不得要領 completely at sea;
44. 要領 (1) yauh-liing, n., (2) (AC) also pr. (*yau-liing.), main point;
45. 要領 (1) yauh-liing, n., 得全要領 (＝腰領) keep head on shoulders, escape being dismembered.
46. 要路 yauh-luh, n., vital route, esp. to power.
47. 要略 yau-lyueh, n., a summary.
48. 要買 *yau-maai, v.i., as in 要買人心 to win people’s hearts.
49. 要盟 *yau-merng, v.i., to obtain treaty by threat of force.
50. 要眇 *yau-miaau, adj., (AC) enticing, engaging.
51. 要妙 *yau-miauh (yauh-miauh), adj., (AC) engaging, attractive.
52. 要命 yauh-mihng, adv., desperately: 窮的要命 desperately poor;
53. 要命 yauh-mihng, adv., 疼的要命 ghastly painful;
54. 要命 yauh-mihng, adv., 要命鬼 (兒) (said of one’s child) a pest.
55. 要目 yauh-muh, n., principal points.
56. 要鬧 yauh-nauh, adj., busy (thoroughfare).
57. 要人 yauh-rern, n., important person, V.I.P.
58. 要塞 yauh-saih, n., vital area of defense, a fortress.
59. 要項 yauh-shiahng, n., main items.
60. 要挾 *yauh-shier, v.t., to coerce (person) by threat of force.
61. 要是 yauh-’shy, conj., if (＝若是).
62. 要事 yauh-shyh, n., important business.
63. 要素 yau-suh, n., main factor, essential element.
64. 要菜 yauh-tsaih, v.i., (1) (sl.) assume airs;
65. 要菜 yauh-tsaih, v.i., (2) to order food in restaurant.
66. 要圖 yauh-tur, n., important plan.
67. 要在 yauh-tzaih, phr., the important thing is.
68. 要嘴兒 yauh-tzuee-’l, v.i., to make a kiss.
69. 要嘴吃 yauh-tzuee-chy, phr., to ask for food like a glutton.
70. 要聞 yauh-wern, n., summary of important news, headline stories of the day.
71. 要務 yauh-wuh, n., important affairs.
72. 要樣兒 yauh-yahng-’l, phr., care about putting on a good front.
73. 要義 yauh-yih, n., essential points.
74. 要因 yauh-yin, n., important cause.

娶 Num. Index: 31.93 chyuu (re. pr. chyuh ).

V.t. (Of man) to marry (wife), cf. 嫁 (of woman) to marry (husband): 娶妻，娶媳婦兒 to take a wife (for son);
婚娶，嫁娶 marriage;
明媒正娶 legally marry;
迎娶，娶過來，娶來了 marry a girl (“into the family”);
再娶，續娶 re-marry a second wife.

Words 1. 娶親 chyuu-chin, v.i., hold a wedding, marry: 娶親了沒有 is he married?

蚕 Num. Index: 31.93 tsarn . [Pop. of 蠶 51.93]

蛩 Num. Index: 31.93 chyurng .

N. (1) Locust.
(2) Cricket.

Adj. 蛩蛩 (AC) worried, concerned.

琦 Num. Index: 31A.00-1 chir .

N. A fine jade.

Adj. Admirable: 琦行 admirable conduct;
琦瑋 admirable, distinguished.

玎 Num. Index: 31A.00-3 ding .

Words 1. 玎璫 ding-dang, adj., descriptive sound of jingling jade.

珂 Num. Index: 31A.00-3 ke .

N. (1) A white semi-precious stone.
(2) A decoration on harness.

Words 1. 珂羅版 ke-luor-baan, n., (translit.) collotype.
2. 珂雪 ke-shyuee, (LL) adj., snowwhite.

瑜 Num. Index: 31A.00-8 yur . [Usu. printed □]

N. Excellent jade or its luster: 瑕不掩瑜 the flaws do not detract from the jade’s essential beauty—blemishes do not detract man’s greatness;
瑕瑜俱見 see both its good and bad points.

Words 1. 瑜伽 yur-chier, n., yoga.

琤 Num. Index: 31A.00-9 cheng .

Adj. Descriptive of jangling (of jade), twanging (of string) gurgling (of flowing water).

珩 Num. Index: 31A.00-9 herng .

N. A horizontal piece of jade in dress.

琳 Num. Index: 31A.01-1 lirn .

Words 1. 琳琅 lirn-larng, (1) n., beautiful jade;
2. 琳琅 lirn-larng, n., sound of jade;
3. 琳琅 lirn-larng, (2) adj., resplendent: 琳琅滿目 (of multitude of beautiful things) dazzle the eye.

珠 Num. Index: 31A.01-1 ju .

N. (1) (ju-tz) A pearl, a bead: 珍珠 pearl;
養珠 culture pearl;
珠寶 ju-baau↓;
珠簾 bead curtains;
珠履 bead shoes;
珠圓翠繞 surrounded by ladies decorated with pearls and jade;
念珠 to finger the beads of rosary in prayer;
珠圓玉潤 a round voice and jadelike skin;
珠喉 a round feminine voice;
魚目混珠 a fish eye passes as pearl.
(2) A bead-like thing, eye pupil: 眼珠 eye pupil;
有目無珠 “eye without pupil”—(derog.) of stupid people who do not know a good thing when they see it;
淚珠 drops of tears;
妙語如珠 pearls of wisdom, sparkling sayings;
彈珠 playing marble.

Words 1. 珠寶 ju-baau, n., jewelry: 珠寶店 jewelry shop;
2. 珠寶 ju-baau, n., 珠寶商 jeweller.
3. 珠蚌 ju-bahng, n., mother-of-pearl.
4. 珠粉 ju-feen, n., pearl powder, used as tonic.
5. 珠花 ju-hua, n. hair decoration of pearl.
6. 珠還 ju-huarn, phr., 珠還合浦 (allu.) restoration of pearl industry to place 合浦;
7. 珠還 ju-huarn, phr., (fig.) restoration of original condition;
8. 珠還 ju-huarn, phr., recovery of lost article.
9. 珠戶 ju-huh, n. pearl divers.
10. 珠璣 ju-ji¹, n., pearl and jade;
11. 珠璣 ju-ji¹, n., 滿腹珠璣 (fig.) sparkling ideas in writing.
12. 珠䓩 ju-ji², n., quail (also called 珍珠䓩).
13. 珠江 ju-jiang, n., The Pearl River, the third longest in China.
14. 珠蘭 ju-larn, n., (bot.) tree with fragrant yellow bead-like seeds, Chloranthus inconspicuus, used for scenting tea.
15. 珠母 ju-muu, n., mother-of-pearl.
16. 珠算 ju-suahn, n., the abacus;
17. 珠算 ju-suahn, n., art of using it, dist. 筆算 arithmetic with pen or pencil.
18. 珠胎 ju-tai, n., human embryo in woman’s body.
19. 珠翠 ju-tsueih, n., pearls and jade decorations.

璨 Num. Index: 31A.01-2 tsahn .

Adj. Bright, scintillating (also wr. 燦).

璪 Num. Index: 31A.01-4 tzaau .

N. (AC) silk tassels threaded with jades hanging from a coronet.

璟 Num. Index: 31A.01-4 jiing .

N. The luster of gems.

琛 Num. Index: 31A.01-6 chen .

N. (LL) a treasure.

□ Num. Index: 31A.01-9 jen . [Pop. of 珍 31A.91]

璅 Num. Index: 31A.01-9 suoo . [Var. of 瑣 31A.80]

球 Num. Index: 31A.02-1 chiour .

N. (1) (chiour-’l) A ball, a ball game: 足球 football;
籃球 basketball;
排球 volleyball;
網球 tennis;
羽毛球 badminton;
保齡球 bowling;
高爾夫球 golf;
棒球，壘球 baseball;
鉛球 shot put;
打球 play ball;
拍球 hit ball with racket;
踢球 kick ball;
滾球 dribble;
曲棍球 (短柄) hockey;
(長柄) lacrosse.
(2) A sphere: 地球 the globe, the earth: 球半徑 chiour-bahn-jihng, 球面 chiour-miahn↓;
日球，月球 the sun, the moon;
星球 a star;
花球，綵球 a silk festoon;
繡球 an embroidered ball.
(3) (AC) jade;
jadestone of a certain musical pitch (玉磬).

Words 1. 球半徑 chiour-bahn-jihng, n., (math.) radius.
2. 球㪫 chiour-chaang, n., football field;
3. 球㪫 chiour-chaang, n., basketball, handball or tennis court, baseball diamond.
4. 球隊 chiour-dueih, n., a ball team.
5. 球房 chiour-farng, n., a poolroom.
6. 球竿 chiour-gan, n., hockey stick, golf club.
7. 球根 chiour-gen, n., bulbous root of a plant.
8. 球徑 chiour-jihng, n., diameter.
9. 球莖 chiour-jing, n., bulbous underground stalk.
10. 球面 chiour-miahn, n., (math.) surface of sphere.
11. 球迷 chiour-mir, n., a ball game (baseball, etc.) fan.
12. 球拍 chiour-pai, n., a racket.
13. 球賽 chiour-saih, n., a ball match.
14. 球鞋 chiour-shier, n., tennis shoes;
15. 球鞋 chiour-shier, n., other shoes or boots for games.
16. 球心 chiour-shin, n., (math.) center of sphere.
17. 球形 chiour-shirng, n., spheroid;
18. 球形 chiour-shirng, adj., spherical.
19. 球衣 chiour-yi, n., jacket for different games (as tennis, etc.).
20. 球員 chiour-yuarn, n., player of a ball team.

璩 Num. Index: 31A.02-2 chyur .

N. (1) (AC) an earring.
(2) A surname.

琢 Num. Index: 31A.02-3 juor .

V.t. To chisel, to grind, esp. jade;
琢玉 grind jade;
雕琢 to chisel and carve, also to embellish unnessarily;
雕章琢句 write in ornate style.

Words 1. 琢磨 juor-mor, v.i., to polish by slow painful work;
2. 琢磨 juor-mor, v.i.,to mold and polish character;
3. 琢磨 juor-mor, v.i.,to study by hard grind.

環 Num. Index: 31A.02-4 huarn .

N. (1) A bracelet: 玉環 jade bracelet.
(2) A ring-shaped object of any material;
耳環 earring.
(3) A surname.

Adv. Around: 環遊世界 tour around the world;
環拜 to make a circling movement and bow to all guests;
環列 stand around;
環視 look around gen. situation;
環堵 surrounding walls;
環堵蕭然 in a cold, bare room;
燕瘦環肥 of two anc. beauties, 趙飛燕 was thin, and 楊玉環 (貴妃) was plump.

Words 1. 環球 huarn-chiour, adj. & adv., around the world (also wr. 寰).
2. 環海 huarn-haai, adv., (1) along the coast;
3. 環海 huarn-haai, adv., (2) within the encircling seas.
4. 環境 huarn-jihng, n., environment, material background: 環境不同 one’s background is different;
5. 環境 huarn-jihng, n., 環境關係 factors of environment.
6. 環佩 huarn-peih, n., formerly, jade hangings on gridle.
7. 環繞 huarn-rauh, adv., circle round: 環繞一週 circle round once.

□ Num. Index: 31A.02-6 guei . [Interch. 瑰]

N. A Precious stone: □寶.

琅 Num. Index: 31A.02-6 larng . [Pop. 瑯]

N. A surname.

Words 1. 琅當（璫） larng-dang, n., (1) (＝鋃鐺) fetters, shackles: 琅璫入獄 be fettered and thrown into prison;
2. 琅當（璫） larng-dang, n., (2) a tinkling sound.
3. 琅玕 larng-gan, n., a kind of white carnelian.
4. 琅琅 larng-larng, n., a tinkling sound.

□ Num. Index: 31A.02-9 lir . [Var. of 璃 31A.42]

琫 Num. Index: 31A.10-1 beeng .

N. (AC) decoration on knife carried on girdle.

瑋 Num. Index: 31A.10-2 weei .

N. Valuable jade: 瑋玉 rare treasure.

璘 Num. Index: 31A.10-2 lirn .

N. Luster of jade.

玕 Num. Index: 31A.10-3 gan .

N. See 琅^玕 31A.02

珥 Num. Index: 31A.10-3 eel .

N. (1) Earring of jade, pearl or similar decorations.
(2) (AC) writing brush, sable tail , etc. stuck on side of hat.

璋 Num. Index: 31A.10-6 jang .

N. An anc. jade ornament;
a jade plaything: 弄璋 (LL, from AC allu.) give birth to a boy (given jade to play with; if a girl, given tile to play with).

珪 Num. Index: 31A.11-1 guei .

N. Anc. form of 圭.

瑾 Num. Index: 31A.11-2 jiin (also jihn ).

N. A beautiful gem.

璀 Num. Index: 31A.11-2 tsueei .

Words 1. 璀璨 tsueei-tsahn, adj., lustrous, gleaming (jade, pearls, etc.).
2. 璀璀 tsueir-tsueei, adj., ditto.

玨 Num. Index: 31A.11-3 jyuer . [Var. 峩]

N. Two joined pieces of jade.

理 Num. Index: 31A.11-4 lii .

N. (1) Reason, what is right, reasonable, and proper: 道理 reason;
天理 divine law, law of nature;
公理 justice;
情理 justifiablility, reasonableness;
不近情理 unreasonable;
合理 conforming to reason;
講理 reasonable in speech or action, to weigh the pros and cons;
入情入理 perfectly logical and reasonable;
無理取鬧 refuse to listen to reason;
理直氣壯 selfconfident on the strength of one’s being right;
理所當然，理當如此 it’s only right and proper;
不可理喻 will not listen to reason;
據理力爭 try to convince one’s opponent with an argument;
理屈詞窮 have nothing more to say on realizing one’s own shaky stand;
理虧 (of actions, arguments, etc.) indefensible;
理短 ditto;
於理不合 improper and unreasonable;
理應，理合 duty-bound, as a matter of course, the proper course to take is…;
理由 lii-your↓;
原理 basic principles;
定理 axioms.
(2) Line, grain, vein, line of thought: 條理 ligical arrangement;
條理分明 (writing) clearly arranged;
有條有理 properly and logically arranged, orderly;
分理 proper disposition;
肌理 skin texture;
腠理 ditto;
紋理 veins, wood grain, arrangement of lines and curves;
文理 literary style, diction;
文理清順 reads smoothly.
(3) The rationale of things: 物理 (學) physics;
事理 the wherefore and why of things;
學理 academic theories;
心理 (學) a mental state;
心理學 psychology;
地理 geography;
論理 logic;
倫理 ethics;
理學 lii-shyuer↓.
(4) The natural sciences: 理科 lii-ke, 理工 lii-gung↓.
(5) (AC) prison official, a judicial officer.
(6) A surname.

V.t. (1) Take notice of, pay attention to: 不理 ignore;
不要理他 take no notice of him;
要理不理 attend to (person, duty) halfheartedly;
理會 lii-hueih↓.
(2) To polish (gems), hence, to clean up, regulate, arrange, repair, put in proper order, manage: 修理 to mend;
(sl.) (of police methods) to give s.o. the works;
清理 clear up (desk, drawer, room, books, etc.);
整理 readjust, rearrange;
自理 take care of (s.t.) oneself;
理髮 lii-faa↓;
理頭髮 to comb hair;
梳理 (lit.) to comb hair, (fig.) straighten out or arrange (things, data) in proper order;
理東西 clean up things;
理書包 clean up the book bag (of a schoolchild);
理行李 pack up baggage;
理理屋子 to tidy up the rooms a bit;
理衣服 adjust clothing.
(3) To manage: 理喪事 manage a funeral;
理財 lii-tsair↓;
處理 deal or cope with;
治理 to rule or manage;
署理，代理 act for (s.o.);
辦理 do, carry out;
掌理 be in control of;
管理 manage;
監理 supervise;
（總）經理 (general) manage(r);
綜理 oversee;
總理 exercise general supervision over, a director general, premier;
助理 an assistant;
副理 a deputy manager;
襄理 an assistant manager;
協理 a deputy assistant manager;
理事 lii-shyh↓.
(4) To review, go over (lessons): 理書 review the lessons;
理一理功課 review the school work.
(5) Realize, appreciate, understand: 理會，理解 lii-hueih, lii-jiee↓.

Adj. Orderly, well-regulated: 則天下理焉 (AC) then the country will be well-governed.

Words 1. 理兒 liee-’l, n., reason: 說不出理兒來 cannot explain the reason why.
2. 理髮 lir-faa, (1) v.i., to cut hair;
3. 理髮 lir-faa, (2) n., haircut: 理髮師，理髮匠 a barber, hairdresser;
4. 理髮 lir-faa, n., 理髮店 a barbershop;
5. 理髮 lir-faa, n., beauty salon.
6. 理工 lii-gung, n., (departments, schools of) science and engineering.
7. 理化 lii-huah, (1) n., physics and chemistry;
8. 理化 lii-huah, (2) v.i., (LL) to govern and educate the people.
9. 理會 lii-hueih, v.t., (1) realize, appreciate, be clear about, understand (a situation, explanation);
10. 理會 lii-hueih, v.t., (2) pay attention to, receive (a visitor or friend): 不加理會 ignore (s.o. or s.t.);
11. 理會 lii-hueih, v.t., 別理會他 don’t pay any attention to him;
12. 理會 lii-hueih, v.t., 他一點也不理會 he doesn’t heed it at all;
13. 理會 lii-hueih, v.t., (3) take care of, deal with, arbitrate or mediate, take measures or steps to;
14. 理會 lii-hueih, v.t., (4) (AC) conform to.
15. 理家 lii-ja, v.i., manage domestic affairs: 她很會理家 she is a very good housewife.
16. 理障 lii-jahng, n., (Budd.) hindrances to truth.
17. 理解 lir-jiee, n. & v.t., apprehend, -sion, comprehend, -sion.
18. 理智 lii-jyh¹, n. & adj., the rational (faculty) esp. as opp. 情感 emotions.
19. 理致 lii-jyh², n., interesting point or development.
20. 理科 lii-ke, n., the physical sciences.
21. 理亂 lii-luahn, (1) n. order or lack of it;
22. 理亂 lii-luahn, (2) v.i., bring order out of chaos.
23. 理路 lii-luh, n., the logical sequence of things of events: 理路分明 clear line of reasoning.
24. 理論 lii-luhn, (1) n., theorizing, theories (opp. 實驗，實行 experimentation, practical application): 理論上 theoretically;
25. 理論 lii-luhn, n., 空談理論 empty speculation;
26. 理論 lii-luhn, n., 理論與事實相左 conflict between theory and practice;
27. 理論 lii-luhn, n., 理論化學 theoretical chemistry;
28. 理論 lii-luhn, n., 理論科學 theoretical sciences;
29. 理論 lii-luhn, (2) v.i., argue, debate, discuss: 我要和他理論 I’ll have to straighten out the matter with him.
30. 理門（兒） lii-mern (lii-mer-’l), n., formerly, a sect against opium and drinking.
31. 理想 lir-shiaang, n. & adj., ideal: 理想與事實 ideal and reality;
32. 理想 lir-shiaang, n. & adj., 理想主義 idealism;
33. 理想 lir-shiaang, n. & adj., 理想家 an idealist;
34. 理想 lir-shiaang, n. & adj., 理想化 to idealize;
35. 理想 lir-shiaang, n. & adj., 理想上 in theory, ideally;
36. 理想 lir-shiaang, n. & adj., 合乎理想 be ideal;
37. 理想 lir-shiaang, n. & adj., 最理想的人物 most ideal choice for the job;
38. 理想 lir-shiaang, n. & adj., 真太理想了 really perfect, ideal.
39. 理性 lii-shihng, n., (1) rational faculty;
40. 理性 lii-shihng, n., (2) reasonableness.
41. 理事 lii-shyh, (1) n., a director (of firm, organization);
42. 理事 lii-shyh, n., 理事會 board of directors;
43. 理事 lii-shyh, n., 理事長 chairman of the board (of directors);
44. 理事 lii-shyh, (2) v.t., to direct (business operations, etc.).
45. 理學 lii-shyuer, n., (1) the moral theories of the Suhng Neo-Confucian scholars;
46. 理學 lii-shyuer, n., (2) 理學士 a bachelor of science.
47. 理睬 lir-tsaai, v.t., take notice of, pay attention to, heed the presence of (s.o.).
48. 理財 lii-tsair, v.i., administer financial affairs: 理財家 a financier.
49. 理由 lii-your, n., reasons, arguments for or against: 說不出理由 cannot give the reason;
50. 理由 lii-your, n., 發展的理由 reason for the development.

斑 Num. Index: 31A.11-6 ban . [Dist. 班↓]

N. A spot (on leopard’s skin);
窺見一斑 see segment of a whole.

Adj. Motley-colored, spotted: 斑色 variegated colored;
斑鬢 grey haired, grey-templed.

Words 1. 斑斑 ban-ban, adj., spotted;
2. 斑斑 ban-ban, adj., of variegated design.
3. 斑白，斑駁 ban-bor, adj., motley, chopped in appearance.
4. 斑點 ban-diaan, n., spots, dots.
5. 斑疹 ban-jeen, n. , a kind of measles.
6. 斑鳩 ban-jiou, n., turtledove.
7. 斑竹 ban-jur, n., bamboo bearing black spots.
8. 斑斕 ban-larn, adj., of variegated colors;
9. 斑斕 ban-larn, adj., rich in hues.
10. 斑馬 ban-maa, n., zebra.
11. 斑蝥 ban-maur, (also wr. □蝥，班貓) n., Cicindela chinensis, a poisonous striped fly, the Chinese cantharis.
12. 斑銅礦 ban-turng-kuahng, n., (min.) bornite.
13. 斑紋 ban-wern, n., striped pattern, wood grain.

班 Num. Index: 31A.11-9 ban . [Dist. 斑]

N. (1) Class in school, workers’ team: 高班，低班 upper class, lower class;
早班，晚班，夜班 morning, afternoon, night class.
(2) Scheduled unit of work: 輪班 on duty by turn;
排班 arrange(d) team of work;
這班機 this flight (of airplane), 這班火車 this train;
下班 next flight, train;
班次 number of train or flight;
站班，值班 on duty.
(3) A surname: 班門弄斧 phr., (derog.) foolish display of wooden axe in front of famous carpenter’s (魯班) home.

V.t. (1) To call back troops: 班師.
(2) To spread about: 班荊道故 (AC allu.) spread on the grass and chat of old times.

Words 1. 班班 ban-ban, (AC) adj., in good order;
2. 班班 ban-ban, n., (AC) rumble of carts.
3. 班駁 ban-bor, adj., grey (hair);
4. 班駁 ban-bor, adj., motley-colored;
5. 班駁 ban-bor, adj., chopped in appearance (paint, bark) (also 斑白，頒白).
6. 班輩 ban-beih, n., rank, status seniority.
7. 班禪 Ban-charn, n., the Panchan Lama (of Tibet).
8. 班底（兒） ban-dii (’l), n., the supporting cast in play;
9. 班底（兒） ban-dii (’l), n., inner group of people to assist political leader.
10. 班房 ban-farng, n., employee’s quarters in office of high officials (for transmission of messages, etc.).
11. 班長 ban-jaang, n., leader of class;
12. 班長 ban-jaang, n., patrol leader.
13. 班級 ban-jir, n., school class.
14. 班子 ban-tz, n., actors of one troupe (戲班).
15. 班位 ban-weih, n., scheduled or arranged order (of seating, etc.).

瑤 Num. Index: 31A.21-9 yaur .

N. Fine jade: 瑤琴 jade-decorated stringed instrument.

Adj. (1) White like jade.
(2) Much valued: 瑤函，瑤箋 your esteemed letter.
(3) Associated with fairyland or abode of immortals: 瑤臺，瑤草，瑤池 yaur-tair, yaur-tsaau, yaur-chyr↓.

Words 1. 瑤池 Yaur-chyr, n., abode of immortals, associated with mythical 西王母 fairy mother goddess.
2. 瑤華 yaur-hua, (1) n., pure jade;
3. 瑤華 yaur-hua, (2) adj., (AC) pure, glistening like jade;
4. 瑤華 yaur-hua, esteemed.
5. 瑤臺 yaur-tair, n., jade terrace, esp. of immortals.
6. 瑤草 yaur-tsaau, n., a plant of fairyland.

□ Num. Index: 31A.22-3 huarn . [Abbr. of 環 31A.02]

瑯 Num. Index: 31A.22-6 larng . [Pop. of. 琅]

N. 琺^瑯 (pr. larn) 31A.93.

瑳 Num. Index: 31A.30-8 tsuoo .

Adj. (AC) lustrous (jade);
fresh, bright, smiling.

玷 Num. Index: 31A.40-2 diahn .

N. A flaw in jade, in character.

V.i. To disgrace: 沾污，沾辱 diahn-wu, diahn-ruu↓.

Words 1. 沾辱 diahn-ruu (diahn-ruh), v.t., to besmear (person’s reputaion);
2. 沾辱 diahn-ruu (diahn-ruh), v.t., to humiliate.
3. 沾污 diahn-wu, v.t., to besmear, cast a stain upon character;
4. 沾污 diahn-wu, v.t., humiliate (a virgin).

璐 Num. Index: 31A.40-4 luh .

N. A kind of jade.

琀 Num. Index: 31A.40-8 hahn .

N. Jade kept in mouth of a dead person when buried.

瑲 Num. Index: 31A.40-8 chiang .

Words 1. 瑲瑲 chiang-chiang, adj., descriptive of jingling sound of jade.

珞 Num. Index: 31A.40-9 luoh .

N. See 瓔^珞 31A.93.

璿 Num. Index: 31A.41-2 shyuarn . [Var. of 璇 31A.83]

璫 Num. Index: 31A.41-2 dang .

N. (1) Jewelry, esp. earring: 耳璫.
(2) Eunuch, from 貂璫 eunuchs’ gold headdress.

□ Num. Index: 31A.41-3 liour . [Var. of 琉 31A.70]

瑁 Num. Index: 31A.41-4 meih .

N. (1) (AC) ceremoinial jade.
(2) 玳瑁 daih-meih, tortoise shell.

珀 Num. Index: 31A.41-9 poh .

N. See 琥^珀 31A.70.

瑙 Num. Index: 31A.41-9 naau .

N. 瑪^瑙 See 31A.50.

瑚 Num. Index: 31A.42-1 hur .

N. See 珊^瑚 31A.42.

Words 1. 瑚璉 hur-liarn, n., (AC) vessels of grain at ancestral temple;
2. 瑚璉 hur-liarn, n., hence 瑚璉之器 (AC) a person of high caliber.

瑞 Num. Index: 31A.42-2 rueih .

N. (1) A jade tablet used as a token of authourity and good faith in anc. times.
(2) A good omen: 祥瑞 a happy omen;
吉瑞 signs of good luck;
人瑞 a venerable old man (woman), usu. a benefactor of mankind.

Adj. Auspicious: 瑞兆 auspicious portents;
瑞雪 rueih-shyuee↓;
瑞氣 celestial phenomena portending peace and prosperity.

Words 1. 瑞典 Rueih-diaan, n., Sweden.
2. 瑞符 rueih-fur, n., (AC) a tally used for ordering troop movements.
3. 瑞禾 rueih-her, n., auspicious cluster of rice (also 嘉禾).
4. 瑞麥 rueih-maih, n., auspicious tassels of wheat.
5. 瑞腦 rueih-naau, n., (med.) Borneo camphor (also 冰片，瑞龍腦).
6. 瑞相 rueih-shiahng, n., (1) (Phrenology) facial signs portending good luck or luck in gen.;
7. 瑞相 rueih-shiahng, n., (2) (Budd.) auspicious signs.
8. 瑞仙桃 rueih-shian-taur, n., (bot.) the peach, Prunus persica.
9. 瑞香 rueih-shiang, n., (bot.) the winter daphne, Daphne odora.
10. 瑞士 Rueih-shyh, n., Switzerland.
11. 瑞雪 rueih-shyuee, n., (1) (euphem.) winter snow;
12. 瑞雪 rueih-shyuee, n., (2) (Chin. med.) roots of Tricho-santhes japonica.
13. 瑞草 rueih-tsaau, n., a grass which, owing to its rarity, is regarded as a lucky portent.

珊 Num. Index: 31A.42-4 shan .

Words 1. 珊篤寧 shan-duh-nirng, n., (translit.) santonin.
2. 珊瑚 shan-hur, n., coral;
3. 珊瑚 shan-hur, n., 珊瑚島 coral island;
4. 珊瑚 shan-hur, n., 珊瑚礁 coral reef.

琱 Num. Index: 31A.42-4 diau .

V.i. & t. To carve (jade), (AC var. of 雕).

璃 Num. Index: 31A.42-6 lir . [Var. □]

N. See 琉^璃 31A.70;
玻^璃 31A.82.

□ Num. Index: 31A.50-1 daih . [Var. of 玳 31A.71]

瑪 Num. Index: 31A.50-5 maa .

Words 1. 瑪瑙 mar-naau, n., (min.) agate, cornelian.

琇 Num. Index: 31A.50-9 shiouh .

N. A jade-like stone.

玲 Num. Index: 31A.63-8 lirng . [Usu. printed as 玲]

Adj. Sound of jade, see comp.↓.

Words 1. 玲瓏 lirng-lurng, adj., (1) (also 玲玲 lirng-lirng, 玲玎 lirng-ding, 玲琅 lirng-larng) all descriptive of jangling of jade;
2. 玲瓏 lirng-lurng, adj., (2) (of art objects) 玲瓏可愛，小巧玲瓏 lovely, cleverly carved;
3. 玲瓏 lirng-lurng, adj., (of persons) small and pretty;
4. 玲瓏 lirng-lurng, adj., 心竅玲瓏 very bright-minded.

珧 Num. Index: 31A.70-2 yaur .

N. See 江^珧63A.30.

琥 Num. Index: 31A.70-2 huu .

Words 1. 琥珀 huu-poh, n., amber.

玩 Num. Index: 31A.70-3 wahn (*warn ).

N. (1) Curios: 古玩 ditto;
珍玩 valuable curios.
(2) (*warn) A game: 玩兒 war-’l↓.

V.i. (*warn) To play, have fun with, fondle, enjoy oneself: 玩笑，玩賞 warn-shiauh, warn-shaang↓;
玩月 enjoy the moon;
玩雪 enjoy the snow.

V.t. To fool with, dicker with (law), take lightly: 玩忽 wahn-hu, 玩法 wahn-faa, 玩世 wahn-shyh¹↓.

Words 1. 玩法 wahn-faa, v.i., to juggle with the law.
2. 玩好 wahn-hauh, n., favorite pastime, hobby.
3. 玩忽 wahn-hu (warn-hu), v.t., to ignore.
4. 玩話 *warn-huah, n., a joke, an empty promise.
5. 玩具 *warn-jyuh, n., a toy.
6. 玩兒 *war-’l, n., a trick, a pastime, a joke, an amusement: 不是玩兒的 not to be fooled with—i.e., will have grave consequences.
7. 玩弄 wahn-luhng (warn-luhng), v.t., to play with (person), to fondle (art object).
8. 玩偶 *warn-oou, n., a toy figurine.
9. 玩（兒）票 warn(war-’l)piauh, v.i., (1) to sing Chin. opera as amateur or as hobby;
10. 玩（兒）票 warn(war-’l)piauh, v.i., (2) to sing without pay.
11. 玩賞 *warn-shaang, v.t., to enjoy (moon, flowers, etc.).
12. 玩笑 *warn-shiauh, (1) n., s.t. done for fun;
13. 玩笑 *warn-shiauh, (2) v.i., 開玩笑 play jokes upon (person);
14. 玩笑 *warn-shiauh, v.i., to play and relax.
15. 玩習 wahn-shir, v.t., to study and slowly appreciate (history, etc.).
16. 玩耍 *warn-shuua, n. & v.i., to play, to relax;
17. 玩耍 *warn-shuua, n. & v.i., relaxation, pastime.
18. 玩世 wahn-shyh¹, phr., 玩世不恭 to live dangerously or in defiance of conventions.
19. 玩視 wahn-shyh² (or *warn-shyh), v.t., to take lightly, ignore (laws, statutes).
20. 玩味 wahn-weih (*warn-weih), v.t., to appreciate slowly (a profound saying).
21. 玩物 (1) *warn-wuh, n., a toy;
22. 玩物 (2) (wahn-wuh) phr., 玩物喪志 to play through life and have no serious ambition.
23. 玩意兒 *warn-yeh-’l, n., (1) a toy;
24. 玩意兒 *warn-yeh-’l, n., (2) s.t. interesting;
25. 玩意兒 *warn-yeh-’l, n., (3) a trifle, a little thing: 小玩意兒 just a little trifle.
26. 玩泄 wahn-yih, v.i., (AC) to spend life in pleasures.

琨 Num. Index: 31A.70-4 kun .

N. Beautiful jade.

現 Num. Index: 31A.70-4 shiahn .

N. Cash: 現金 shiahn-jin²↓;
兌現 pay cash on check, (fig.) redeem promise;
貼現 discount on rate of exchange;
付現 pay cash.

V.i. & t. To show, become visible, be revealed: 現了原形 reveal original shape (snake-spirit, etc.);
現出來 appear, be visible, (slip) shows;
出現 (comet, anything) appear;
呈現，顯現 present (flaws, symptoms, etc.);
表現 to express, -ion.

Adj. (1) Now, present, current: 現在 shiahn-tzaih;
現代 shiahn-daih↓;
現務 current duty;
現役 (soldiers) in active service;
現狀 shiahn-juahng↓;
現㪫 on the spot;
現職 present post, office;
現值，現價 current value, price.
(2) Available in goods or money: 現貨 stock on hand;
現錢 shiahn-chiarn²↓.

Adv. Immediately: 現賣 cash sale;
現買現賣 straight cash deal;
現吃現做 (food) freshly prepared as ordered;
現用現買 buy as one needs for the day;
現官現管 in the grip of bureaucracy;
現存 amount in current account;
現有 there is (are) now.

Words 1. 現報 shiahn-bauh, n., see shiahn-shyh¹↓.
2. 現成（兒） shiahn-cherng-’l, adj., ready-made (answer), immediately available without trouble: 吃現成飯 have a living without any work;
3. 現成（兒） shiahn-cherng-’l, adj., 說現成話 answer with stock phrases.
4. 現前 shiahn-chiarn¹, adv., at present, before one’s eyes.
5. 現錢 shiahn-chiarn², n., cash (payment): 現錢交易 cash deal.
6. 現期 shiahn-chir, adv., for the time being;
7. 現期 shiahn-chir, adv., during that time.
8. 現出 shiahn-chu, v.i. & t., show, reveal, grow: 現出毛病 (machines) show trouble of operation.
9. 現代 shiahn-daih, (1) n., contemporary era, modern age;
10. 現代 shiahn-daih, (2) adj., contemporary.
11. 現今 shiahn-jin¹, adv., now, nowadays, at the present juncture.
12. 現金 shiahn-jin², n., cash reserve.
13. 現狀 shiahn-juahng, n., present conditions (of city, education, justice, etc.).
14. 現款 shiahn-kuaan, n., cash.
15. 現露 shiahn-luh, v.i. & t., to show, reveal.
16. 現弄 shiahn-’nung, v.i., to show off.
17. 現批 shiahn-pi, n. & v.i., wholesale purchase on cash.
18. 現任 shiahn-rehn, adj. & adv., current office;
19. 現任 shiahn-rehn, adj. & adv., currently.
20. 現身 shiahn-shen, n., (1) (Budd.) the present body of flesh;
21. 現身 shiahn-shen, n., (2) different manifestations of Buddha, representing his different capacities: 現身說 Buddha bodily appeared and taught;
22. 現身 shiahn-shen, n., (fig.) personally appear (at meetings, etc.).
23. 現生 shiahn-sheng, n., (Budd.) the present incarnation.
24. 現下 shiahn-shiah, adv., see shiahn-tzaih↓.
25. 現象 shiahn-shiahng, n., (1) phenomenon;
26. 現象 shiahn-shiahng, n., (2) see shiahn-juahng↑.
27. 現行 shiahn-shirng¹, adj., current (prices, statutes, customs, etc.).
28. 現形 shiahn-shirng², (1) v.i., to manifest in material body;
29. 現形 shiahn-shirng², (2) n., see shiahn-juahng↑.
30. 現世 shiahn-shyh¹, n., present generation or incarnation;
31. 現世 shiahn-shyh¹, n., 現世報 retribution in present life, not in future life.
32. 現勢 shiahn-shyh², n., present situation.
33. 現時 shiahn-shyr¹, (1) n., the present time;
34. 現時 shiahn-shyr¹, (2) adv., at present.
35. 現實 shiahn-shyr², (1) n., present reality;
36. 現實 shiahn-shyr², (2) adj., practical, realistic: 這個人真現實 this man is very realistic;
37. 現實 shiahn-shyr², 現實主義 realism;
38. 現實 shiahn-shyr², 現實主義者 n., a realist.
39. 現在 shiahn-tzaih, (1) n., the present time;
40. 現在 shiahn-tzaih, (2) adv., at present now: 現在怎麼樣了 how is (person, thing) now?
41. 現眼 shiahn-yaan, adj., shameful (affair, condition).
42. 現銀 shiahn-yirn, n., cash (silver).

珮 Num. Index: 31A.70-4 peih .

N. A jade ornament worn on girdle.

□ Num. Index: 31A.70-5 chii .

N. (AC) a jade pendant.

琉 Num. Index: 31A.70-6 liour . [Var. □，□]

Words 1. 琉球 liour-chiour, n., the Ryukyu Islands.
2. 琉璃 liour-’lir, n., (1) glass;
3. 琉璃 liour-’lir, n., (2) glazed color tile: 琉璃瓦;
4. 琉璃 liour-’lir, n., (3) coll. for dragonfly;
5. 琉璃 liour-’lir, n., 琉璃球兒 liour-’lir-chiour-’l, chandelier, also a very smart person, a slippery fellow;
6. 琉璃 liour-’lir, n., 琉璃廠 section in Peking, formerly, famous for book shops.

瓏 Num. Index: 31A.70-6 lurng .

Words 1. 瓏璁 lurng-tsung, adj., (1) jangling sound of jade or metal;
2. 瓏璁 lurng-tsung, adj., (2) (of hair) fluffy;
3. 瓏璁 lurng-tsung, adj., (3) (of wood) luxuriant and green (also wr. 蘢𧩓);
4. 瓏璁 lurng-tsung, adj., (4) hazy (light of dawn).

琬 Num. Index: 31A.70-6 waan .

Words 1. 琬圭 waan-guei, n., jade with soft luster.
2. 琬琰 warn-yaan, n., ditto;
3. 琬琰 warn-yaan, n., (AC fig.) the soft mature character of a gentleman.

瑰 Num. Index: 31A.70-9 guei (*gueih ).

N. (1) A kind of jasper.
(2) (-*gueih) 玫瑰 a rose.

Adj. Extraordinary, admirable: 瑰麗 guei-lih, 瑰異 guei-yih, 瑰岸 guei-ahn↓.

Words 1. 瑰岸 guei-ahn, adj., (of a person’s appearance) stately, imposing, stalwart.
2. 瑰麗 guei-lih, adj., elegant.
3. 瑰異 guei-yih, adj., preeminent.

峯 Num. Index: 31A.71-5 mirn .

N. Name of a jade-like stone.

琖 Num. Index: 31A.71-7 jaan .

N. A carved jade cup.

瑊 Num. Index: 31A.71-7 jen .

N. Semi-precious stone.

玳 Num. Index: 31A.71-9 daih .

Words 1. 玳瑁 daih-meih, n., tortoise shell.

璣 Num. Index: 31A.71-9 ji .

N. (1) A pearl not perfectly round in shape: 字字珠璣 (of litr. works) every phrase a gem.
(2) 璇璣，璿璣 an anc. astronomical instrument, armillary sphere.

璁 Num. Index: 31A.72-9 tsung .

N. A precious stone.

瑱 Num. Index: 31A.80-1 tiahn (also jehn ).

N. Jade earring.

瓚 Num. Index: 31A.80-1 tzahn .

N. (AC) a ceremonial ladle, used in libation.

琪 Num. Index: 31A.80-2 chir .

N. A kind of jade: 琪花瑤草 jade flowers of fairy land;
琪樹 jade tree, also described as a tree whose branches hang down like willows and bear berries.

璜 Num. Index: 31A.80-2 huarng .

N. A jade pendant of semi-circular shape.

瑣 Num. Index: 31A.80-2 suoo . [Dist. 鎖 81A.80]

N. A chain of jade: 瑣連環.

Adj. (1) Petty, trivial, insignificant: 瑣碎，瑣細 suoo-sueih, suoo-shih↓;
繁瑣 tedious, annoying.
(2) Interlocked, of chain design: 瑣窗 suoo-chuang↓.

Words 1. 瑣窗 suoo-chuang, n., a form of lattice window with interlocked design.
2. 瑣屑 suoo-shieh, n. & adj., petty trifles.
3. 瑣細 suoo-shih, (1) n., trifles, details;
4. 瑣細 suoo-shih, (2) adj., small and tedious (work, things).
5. 瑣事 suoo-shyh, n., trifles, sundry work to do.
6. 瑣碎 suoo-sueih, adj., fragmentary, tedious, multitudinous (items, work);
7. 瑣碎 suoo-sueih, adj., annoying, as a child is prone to small illnesses.
8. 瑣瑣 suor-suoo, adj., trivial, piffling.
9. 瑣聞 suoo-wern, n., sundry news or anecdotes, fragmentary records.

頊 Num. Index: 31A.80-3 shyuh .

N. Personal name: 顓^頊 21S.80.

璵 Num. Index: 31A.80-5 yur .

N. (AC) beautiful jade.

瑛 Num. Index: 31A.81-2 ying .

N. Gem luster;
translucent jade.

璞 Num. Index: 31A.81-2 pur .

N. Uncarved jade;
(fig.) original nature of man in Taoist philosophy (cf. 樸 10B.81);
歸真返璞 return to nature, preserve man’s natural simplicity of character;
璞玉渾金 jade and gold in natural state, symbolic of beautiful untutored talent.

玦 Num. Index: 31A.81-9 jyuer .

N. A semi-circular piece of jade.

玖 Num. Index: 31A.81-9 jioou .

N. (1) A jade-like dark-hued stone.
(2) Capital form of 九 (nine) in writing checks.

玻 Num. Index: 31A.82-2 bo .

Words 1. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., glass;
2. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., used also to denote a variety of transparent material (nylon, cellophane, etc.);
3. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., 玻璃版 bo-lir-baan;
4. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., photogravure;
5. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., 玻璃窗 bo-lir-chuang, n., glass window. 玻璃墊 bo-lir-diahn, glass top for tables;
6. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., 玻璃粉, bo-lir-feen, jello;
7. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., 玻璃磚 bo-lir-juan, glass bricks;
8. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., 玻璃紙 bo-lir-jyy, cellophane;
9. 玻璃 bo-lir, n., 玻璃杯 bo-lir-bei, tumbler, a glass.

瑕 Num. Index: 31A.82-5 shiar .

N. A flaw in jade: 瑕疵 shiar-tsy↓;
瑕瑜俱見 see what is perfect and what is not—(瑜 flawless jade).

Words 1. 瑕謫 shiar-jer, n., (AC) flaws: 無瑕可謫 flawless.
2. 瑕釁 shiar-shihn, n., flaws, imperfections, cracks.
3. 瑕疵 shiar-tsy, n., imperfections, minor faults.

玫 Num. Index: 31A.82-9 meir .

Words 1. 玫瑰 meir-’guei (meir-gueih), n., rose: 玫瑰紫 rose purple;
2. 玫瑰 meir-’guei (meir-gueih), n., 玫瑰露 rose wine;
3. 玫瑰 meir-’guei (meir-gueih), n., 玫瑰油 attar of rose petals.

瓊 Num. Index: 31A.82-9 chyurng . [Abbr. 嶋]

N. Poetic synonym for “jade”;
rare jade;
symbolic of luxury: 瓊筵，瓊宴 a luxurious dinner;
瓊樓玉宇 “towers of jade”—a fabulously rich residence.

Words 1. 瓊花 chyurng-hua, n., a very rare flower now extinct.
2. 瓊華 chyurng-huar, n., beautiful jade, symbolic of poetic talent.
3. 瓊漿 chyurng-jiang, n., (LL) excellent wine.
4. 瓊玖 chyurng-jioou, n., beautiful jade.
5. 瓊林 chyurng-lirn, n., collection of selected phrr. or sentences;
6. 瓊林 chyurng-lirn, n., 瓊林宴 formerly, dinner in honor of successful 進士 graduates.
7. 瓊瑤 chyurng-yaur, n., beautiful jade.

璇 Num. Index: 31A.83-6 shyuarn .

N. Fine jade: 璇室，璇閨 a room, boudoir, decorated with jade;
璇宮 jade-decorated hall.

Words 1. 璇璣 shyuarn-ji, n., (astron.) armillary sphere;
2. 璇璣 shyuarn-ji, n., 璇璣圖 see 𣊊^紋詩 41.83.

瑽 Num. Index: 31A.83-9 tsung .

N. See 錚^瑽 81A.00, tinkling of jade or metal.

璆 Num. Index: 31A.91-5 chiour .

N. Beautiful jade: 璆然 jangling of jade.

珍 Num. Index: 31A.91-8 jen .

N. (1) Rare valuables, treasure, what is highly prized, see Adj.↓.
(2) A delicacy in food: 山珍海味 delicacies from land and sea.

Adj. Rare, highly prized, valuable: 珍貴，珍品 jen-gueih, jen-piin↓;
珍本 rare edition;
珍禽異獸 rare birds and animals;
attached to vbb. indicating esteem: 珍愛，珍賞，珍藏 jen-aih, jen-shaang, jen-tsarng↓;
珍視 prize, cherish.

Words 1. 珍愛 jen-aih, v.t., love dearly, cherish.
2. 珍寶 jen-baau, n., jewelery;
3. 珍寶 jen-baau, n., rare treasures.
4. 珍奇 jen-chir, n., rare objects.
5. 珍怪 jen-guaih, n., ditto.
6. 珍貴 jen-gueih (jen-’guei), adj., valuable, precious, priceless, of great value.
7. 珍珠 jen-ju, n., pearl;
8. 珍珠 jen-ju, n., 珍珠蘭 see 珠^蘭 31A.01;
9. 珍珠 jen-ju, n., 珍珠毛 (兒) jen-ju-maur (e’l), skin of lamb embryo;
10. 珍珠 jen-ju, n., 珍珠米 corn;
11. 珍珠 jen-ju, n., 珍珠菜 a vegetable, Lysimachia clethroides.
12. 珍重 jen-juhng, v.i. & t., to take good care (of health): 千萬珍重 please take good care of yourself.
13. 珍品 jen-piin, n., a highly valued art object.
14. 珍賞 jen-shaang, v.t., to appreciate highly.
15. 珍攝 jen-sheh, v.i., as in 善自珍攝, see jen-juhng↑.
16. 珍羞（饈） jen-shiou, n., delicacy of food.
17. 珍惜 jen-shir, v.t., to cherish, love dearly.
18. 珍藏 jen-tsarng, v.t., to keep (rare editions, art works) as of great value.
19. 珍物 jen-wuh, n., rare objects, also rare food.
20. 珍聞 jen-wern, n., strange and interesting news.
21. 珍異 jen-yih, adj., rare, highly esteemed.

岅 Num. Index: 31A.93-1 fah . [Interch. 琺]

Words 1. 琺（岅）瑯 fanh-larg, n., cloisonn�;
2. 琺（岅）瑯 fanh-larg, n., enamel.

瓔 Num. Index: 31A.93-4 ying .

Words 1. 瓔珞 ying-luoh, n., jade necklace.

□ Num. Index: 31A.93-8 yur . [Printed form of 瑜 31A.00]

磚 Num. Index: 31B.00-1 juan . [Pop. of □ 10S.70]

硎 Num. Index: 31B.00-3 shirng .

N. Whetstone.

𡝱 Num. Index: 31B.00-4 aih . [Pop. of 礙 31B.83]

砑 Num. Index: 31B.00-5 yah .

V.t. To press (cloth, silks) in a mangle, to give a shining surface: 砑綾，砑羅 silks pressed even between rollers.

Words 1. 砑光 yah-guang, v.t. to roll even and give a shine;
2. 砑光 yah-guang, v.t. 砑光機 a calender, a mangling machine for pressing paper, silks.

硃 Num. Index: 31B.01-1 ju .

N. Cinnabar, used as red pigment and medicine;
hence red ink;
硃砂 ju-sha↓.

Words 1. 硃筆 ju-bii, n., writing brush used for writing with red ink.
2. 硃卷 ju-jyuahn, n., script or scroll in red ink;
3. 硃卷 ju-jyuahn, n., (Manchu Dyn.) redink copy of examination papers, made from black-ink copy written by candidates, to prevent favoritism by the judges.
4. 硃批 ju-pi, n., documents containing the emperor’s comments in red ink.
5. 硃砂 ju-sha, n., cinnabar.
6. 硃諭 ju-yuh, n., imperial decree.

碟 Num. Index: 31B.01-2 dier .

N. (dier-tz, ’l) Dinner plate, dish: 一碟蔬菜 a dish of vegetable.

磉 Num. Index: 31B.01-3 saang .

N. Pedestal, base of pillar.

磔 Num. Index: 31B.01-9 jer .

N. (Callig.) the right-hand slanting storke.

V.t. (AC) to dismember criminal for extreme crime: 碟於市.

礫 Num. Index: 31B.01-9 lih .

N. Gravel, shingle: 瓦礫broken tiles, rubble.

碾 Num. Index: 31B.02-5 niaan .

N. Roller for grinding, crushing or husking, see 碾子 niaan-tz↓;
藥碾子 a mortar and pestle.

V.t. To grind, crush, pound, polish or husk: 碾米 husk or polish rice;
碾碎 crush, grind or pound to small particles.

Words 1. 碾房 niaan-farng, n., a mill for milling or husking grain.
2. 碾子 niaan-tz, n., a mill for husking grain or rice.

硠 Num. Index: 31B.02-6 larng .

Adj. (LL) resounding: 磅硠 reverberating sounds of falling rocks;
磅硠 descriptive of the sounds of drum-beating or of falling stones bang.

碌 Num. Index: 31B.02-9 luh .

Adj. (1) Rocky.
(2) Busy: 忙碌 busily occupied;
勞碌 working without respite, very busy.
(3) Mediocre, common: 庸碌 common: 碌碌庸才 very mediocre person.
(4) Var. of 轆 10D.70.

Words 1. 碌碌 luh-dur, n., stone roller for husking rice, crushing oats, etc.

磷 Num. Index: 31B.10-2 lirn .

N. (Chem.) phosphorus (var. 燐).

Words 1. 磷氫 lirn-ching, n., (chem.) phosphines.
2. 磷酐 lirn-gan, n., (chem.) phosphoric anhydride.
3. 磷化氫 lirn-huah-ching, n., (chem.) hydrogen phosphide.
4. 磷灰石 lirn-huei-shyr, n., (min.) apatite.
5. 磷磷 lirn-lirn, adj. (AC) rocks in water.
6. 磷酸 lirn-suan, n., (chem.) phosphoric acid;
7. 磷酸 lirn-suan, n., 磷酸質 phosphate;
8. 磷酸 lirn-suan, n., chemical fertilizer;
9. 磷酸 lirn-suan, n., 磷酸鈣 lirn-suan-gaih, calcium phosphate;
10. 磷酸 lirn-suan, n., 磷酸亞鐵 lirn-suan-yah-tiee, ferrous phosphorate.

砰 Num. Index: 31B.10-3 peng .

N. “Bing, bang!” big noise such as roar of waves, rumble of thunder, crash of water, crackle of rifles, boom of guns.

Words 1. 砰宕 peng-dahng, n., (LL) sound of water lapping against ships.
2. 砰轟 peng-hung, n., (LL) rumble of thunder.
3. 砰磕 peng-ke, n., (LL) crackle of thunder.
4. 砰磅 peng-pang, n., crash of water against rocks.
5. 砰砰 peng-peng, n., sound of drums, crackle of rifles.

碎 Num. Index: 31B.10-6 sueih .

N. Broken bits.

V.t. To break to pieces.

Adj. (1) Broken: 碎玻璃 broken glass: 碎金 gold crumbs;
寧為玉^碎 see 31.11;
碎屑，碎瑰 sueih-shieh, sueih-kuaih↓.
(2) Piecemeal, tedious, paltry: 瑣碎 disconnected, trifling (affairs), multifarious.
(3) (AC of writing) too elaborate and dull.

Words 1. 碎步兒 sueih-buh-’l, v.i., to hurry on in small steps.
2. 碎塊 sueih-kuaih, n., broken bits.
3. 碎片 sueih-piahn, n., fragments, shrapnels.
4. 碎小 sueih-shiaau, n., (MC) family dependents.
5. 碎屑 sueih-shieh, n., broken bits.
6. 碎修兒 sueih-shiou-’l, v.i., make small repairs.
7. 碎嘴子 sueih-tzueei-tz, n., a tedious talker.

碑 Num. Index: 31B.10-9 bei .

N. A stone tablet: 墓碑 tombstone.

Words 1. 碑版 bei-baan, n., see bei-jih↓.
2. 碑額 bei-er, n., inscription at top of tablet.
3. 碑碣 bei-jier, n., stone inscription.
4. 碑記 bei-jih, n., inscriptions on a tablet, recording an event.
5. 碑誌 bei-jyh, n., ditto.
6. 碑林 bei-lirn, n., collection of anc. tablets housed in Si-an, Shensi.
7. 碑銘 bei-mirng, n., inscriptions on tablet.
8. 碑帖 bei-tieh, n., rubbings from ancient tablets, used as models of calligraphy.
9. 碑亭 bei-tirng, n., a pavilion housing a tablet.
10. 碑文 bei-wern, n., inscribed text on tablet.
11. 碑陰 bei-yin, n., the back face of a tablet.

硅 Num. Index: 31B.11-1 guei .

N. (Chem.) silicon.

碓 Num. Index: 31B.11-9 dueih .

N. Pestle for hulling rice;
碓臼 pestle and mortar;
水碓 water mill for hulling rice.

Words 1. 碓頭 dueih-tour, n., pestle.

確 Num. Index: 31B.11-9 chyueh .

Adj. (1) Sure, definite, true: 確定 chyueh-dihng↓;
的確 truly, really;
確耗，確訊 definite news;
確證，確據 definite evidence.
(2) Accurate: 準確 accurate (news, etc.);
確論 an accurater and just opinion.

Adv. Definitely: 確實 chyueh-shyr↓;
確信，確認，確知 definitely believe, recognize, know.

Words 1. 確切 chyueh-chieh, adv., in earnest, factually (carry out, live up to, etc.).
2. 確定 chyueh-dihng, adj., definite and sure.
3. 確乎 chyueh-’hu, adv., really: 確乎不錯 really not bad: 確乎不成問題 really is not a problem.
4. 確實 chyueh-shyr, adj. & adv., (1) definite, -ly;
5. 確實 chyueh-shyr, adj. & adv., (2) really: 確實不錯 really not bad (very good).
6. 確鑿 chyueh-tzuoh, adj., definite, well-established (evidence).

研 Num. Index: 31B.20-3 yarn (*yahn ).

N. (*yahn) Var. of 硯 ink slab.

V.i. & t. (1) To grind: 研究 grind into powder;
研碎 grind up;
研墨 grind ink.
(2) To study: 研究，研討 yarn-jiouh, yarn-taau↓.

Words 1. 研求 yarn-chiour, v.t., to study, search for (truth).
2. 研覈 yarn-her, v.t., (LL) to examine: 研覈是非 to weigh the pros and cons.
3. 研究 yarn-jiouh, v.t., to study, do reseach;
4. 研究 yarn-jiouh, v.t., 研究院 institute for research;
5. 研究 yarn-jiouh, v.t., 研究所 department in a graduate school.
6. 研討 yarn-taau, v.t., to study and discuss (problems);
7. 研討 yarn-taau, v.t., 研討會 seminar.

碪 Num. Index: 31B.21-2 kahn (*jen ).

N. (*jen) (As var. of 砧) stone slab for beating laundry.

Adj. 碪□ (AC) high, rugged (rocks).

砸 Num. Index: 31B.21-5 tzar .

V.i. & t. (1) To smash, break, crush: 砸開 to force open;
砸開門 to burst open the door;
砸破 smash to pieces;
砸碎 pulverize, decimates;
砸壞 break and make unusable;
砸扁 crush flat;
砸爛 wreck, demolish;
砸死 batter to death.
(2) To pound: 砸蒜 (薑) to crush garlic (ginger).
(3) Cause to accumulate: 錯過時機，貨就砸到手况了 if we miss the opportunity, the goods would become a part of the dead stock.
(4) V.i., to foul up, usu. as vb. complement, meaning “fouled up”: 說砸了 say s.t. wrong;
辦砸了 have fouled up s.t.;
唱砸了 sing badly;
砸鍋 tzar-guo↓.

Words 1. 砸兌 tzar-’duei, v.i., make sure: 你到底來不來，要砸兌準了 please be sure whether you will be coming or not.
2. 砸鍋 tzar-guo, v.i., fail in a task (work, assignment);
3. 砸鍋 tzar-guo, v.i., 砸鍋槌兒 one who makes a mess of things.
4. 砸了 tzar-’le, v.t., (p.p.) broken up: 這件事砸了 this matter has been broken up;
5. 砸了 tzar-’le, v.t., 把碟子砸了 have dropped the plate and broken it.
6. 砸字兒 tzar-tzeh-’l, n., a defaced coin.

砷 Num. Index: 31B.22-2 shen .

N. (Chem.) arsenic.

碲 Num. Index: 31B.22-6 dih .

N. (Chem.) tellurium.

斫 Num. Index: 31B.22-9 juor .

V.t. To heck, chip (var. of 斲).

砟 Num. Index: 31B.22-9 jah .

N. (jah-tz, ’l) 煤砟子 or 砟兒 coal cinders (usu. wr. 煤渣子 or 兒).

碴 Num. Index: 31B.30-1 char .

N. (char-’l) (1) Broken bits (of bone, glass): 鬍子碴兒 bits of beard which show after shaving.
(2) (Coll.) thing: 提起那個碴兒 in regard to that thing.
(3) Quarrel, dispute: 找碴兒 looking for faults to pick up quarrel;
我和他有個碴兒 we two have an old grudge to settle.

磕 Num. Index: 31B.30-1 ke .

V.i. & t. To knock, bump: 磕破 knock to pieces;
磕著了 bump into (stone);
see 磕頭 ke-tour↓;
磕孼灰 knock the ashes from a pipe.

Adj. Descriptive of sound of hitting stone, drum beat: see 磕磕巴巴 ke-ke-ba-ba↓.

Words 1. 磕磕巴巴 ke-ke-ba-ba, v.i. & adj., to stutter;
2. 磕磕巴巴 ke-ke-ba-ba, v.i. & adj., 磕磕絆絆 ke-ke-bahn-bahn, adj., (of road) uneven, difficult to walk on.
3. 磕碰 ke-pehng, n. & v.t., crack (in cups, etc.) caused by knocking;
4. 磕碰 ke-pehng, n. & v.t., knock against.
5. 磕膝蓋（兒） ke-shi-gaih (ke-shi-gah-’l), n., kneecap.
6. 磕頭 ke-tour, v.i., to kowtow (interch. 叩頭 kouh-tour), i.e., knock head on the ground in kneeling position as a form of ceremonial greeting;
7. 磕頭 ke-tour, v.i., to perform such ceremony to establish master-disciple relationship: 你給誰磕的頭 who is your master? or as sworn brother: 他們是磕過頭的;
8. 磕頭 ke-tour, v.i., as a phrase, meaning “thanks”: 先給你磕頭了 first let me thank you;
9. 磕頭 ke-tour, v.i., 磕頭，磕頭 thanks a lot! 磕頭蟲 (兒) (a) Melanotus legatus, an insect (＝叩頭蟲);
10. 磕頭 ke-tour, v.i., (b) a subservient fellow (ready to kowtow on every occasion).
11. 磕牙 ke-yar, v.i., to jabber, palaver, chat idly: 閒磕牙 or 磕打牙兒 indulge in gossiping at leisure;
12. 磕牙 ke-yar, v.i., 別拿他磕打牙兒了 don’t sit there prating and making fun of him (cf. 嗑 40A.30).

硜 Num. Index: 31B.30-3 keng .

Words 1. 硜硜 keng-keng, adj., hard and intractable like pebbles: 硜硜乎小人哉 (AC) such petty, small people!

磴 Num. Index: 31B.30-3 dehng .

N. Stone steps on hill path.

碰 Num. Index: 31B.30-8 pehng . [Pop. form of 掽]

V.i. & t. (1) To run into, encounter, chance upon: 碰見老朋友 run into an old friend;
碰不幵 didn’t meet him.
(2) Knock against, cause damage by collision: 碰破，碰壞，碰傷 knock and break (bowl, etc.);
碰撞 collide with another car or boat;
碰釘子，碰一鼻子灰 knock against a nail with a bare hand, knock one’s nose into ashes, i.e., receive serious rebuff in speaking to high personage;
碰鼻轉彎, to change after getting one’s finger burned;
碰壁 run into a blind alley.
(3) To have a try at it: 碰一碰，碰運氣 try one’s luck.
(4) Run into bad luck: 碰了＝碰釘子, see 2↑;
make a mistake in opera singing or acting: 她碰了.

Words 1. 碰㪫 pehng-charng, v.i., combine two meetings in one.
2. 碰巧 pehng-chiaau, v.i., happen to, it happens that: 碰巧他不在家 he happened to be away.
3. 碰面 pehng-mihan, v.i., meet headlong.
4. 碰頭 pehng-tour, v.i., (dial.) meet (of friends);
5. 碰頭 pehng-tour, v.i., 碰頭好兒 enthusiastic applause of audience on actor’s, actress’s entrance to stage;
6. 碰頭 pehng-tour, v.i., enthusiastic reception of first novel, etc.
7. 碰瓷兒 pehng-tsyr-’l, n., racketeer who claims damage by carrying broken porcelain and dropping it on encounter;
8. 碰瓷兒 pehng-tsyr-’l, n., one who tries to create an accident.

磋 Num. Index: 31B.30-8 tsuo .

V.i. & t. (1) To grind, polish (jade, etc.): 磋磨 tsuo-mor↓.
(2) To examine, study or discuss carefully: 磋商 tsuo-shang↓;
切磋 education as a gradual polishing process;
切磋琢磨 ditto.

Words 1. 磋磨 tsuo-mor, v.i., see V.i. & t. 2↑.
2. 磋商 tsuo-shang, v.i., to discuss together (negotiated matter, etc.).

□ Num. Index: 31B.32-2 cheen .

Adj. (MC) indecent: □短命 (term of scolding) a wretch, scoundrel;
□兒 (MC) indecencies.

矽 Num. Index: 31B.32-9 shih .

N. (Chem.) silicon.

Words 1. 矽化氫 shih-huah-ching, n., (chem.) hydrogen silicide.
2. 矽灰石 shih-huei-shyr, n., (min.) wollastonite, native calcium silicate.
3. 矽鋅䬷 shih-shin-kuahng, n., (min.) willemite, native silicate of zinc.
4. 矽石 shih-shyr, n., (min.) silica or silex.
5. 矽酸 shih-suan, n., (chem.) acids of silicon: 矽酸鉀 potaassium silicate;
6. 矽酸 shih-suan, n., 矽酸鋁 aluminum silicate;
7. 矽酸 shih-suan, n., 矽酸鈣 calcium silicate;
8. 矽酸 shih-suan, n., 矽酸鈉 sodium silicate.
9. 矽藻 shih-tzaau, n., (bot.) a tiny water plant, Diatomaceae (also called 硅藻).
10. 矽岩 shih-yarn, n., (min.) quartz.

砧 Num. Index: 31B.40-2 jen .

N. (1) A stone slab for laundry by beating with wooden club (杵): 砧板 slab and laundry club.
(2) A chopping block: execution on chopping block with an axe (鑕).

Words 1. 砧板 jen-baan, n., kitchen chopping board (also wr. 椹板).

硌 Num. Index: 31B.40-9 geh .

V.t. Cause pain through pressure exerted by bulging object: 這硬板宝，躺幵好硌人 it’s so painful to lie on this bed made of hard boards;
硌窩兒 eggs damaged through pressure.

磠 Num. Index: 31B.41-2 luu .

Words 1. 磠砂 luu-sha, n., (鹵砂，□砂) (min.) Sal ammoniac.

礌 Num. Index: 31B.41-3 leih (*leir ). [Var. 礧]

V.t. Push stones down from a height: 礌石相擊 throw stones on enemy.

Words 1. 礌石 leih-shyr (*leir-shyr), n., stone missiles used by defenders of a besieged city.

磻 Num. Index: 31B.41-9 parn .

N. Name of a river in Shensi.

□ Num. Index: 31B.41-9 naur .

Words 1. □砂 naur-sha, n., (min.) ammonia salt.

硝 Num. Index: 31B.42-2 shiau .

N. Saltpeter;
niter (nitre);
potassium nitrate used as a preservative: 硝皮子 leather treated with nitre.

Words 1. 硝鏹水 shiau-chiarng-shueei, n., (chem.) nitric acid (＝硝酸).
2. 硝化甘油 shiau-huah-gan-your, n., nitroglycerine, an explosive.
3. 硝基 shiau-ji, n., (chem.) nitro radical (e.g., 硝基苯 nitrobenzene).
4. 硝石 shiau-shyr, n., saltpeter or niter (potassium or sodium nitrate).
5. 硝酸 shiau-suan, n., nitric acid;
6. 硝酸 shiau-suan, n.,硝酸鈉 sodium nitrate;
7. 硝酸 shiau-suan, n.,硝酸鉀 potassium nitrate;
8. 硝酸 shiau-suan, n.,硝酸銀 silver nitrate, etc.

碉 Num. Index: 31B.42-4 diau .

N. Fortified watch tower.

Words 1. 碉堡 diau-baau, n., military watch tower for outpost.
2. 碉樓 diau-lour, n., formerly, military watch tower.

硼 Num. Index: 31B.42-4 perng .

N. (Chem.) boron, an element.

Words 1. 硼磕 perng-ke, n., sound of crashing water (var. of 砰^磕 31B.10).
2. 硼砂 perng-sha, n., (min.) borax.
3. 硼酸 perng-suan, n., boric acid.

礪 Num. Index: 31B.42-5 lih .

N. A whetstone.

V.t. (Of knives, etc.) sharpen: 砥礪 (lit.) sharpen any instrument with a cutting edge, (fig.) harden oneself by self-discipline: 砥礪德行.

确 Num. Index: 31B.42-9 chyueh .

Adj. Rocky (soil, ground): 确犖，磽确，确瘠 ditto.

砌 Num. Index: 31B.50-1 chih (*chieh ).

N. (1) Brickwork.
(2) Inlays: 雕欄玉砌 carved railings and jade inlays.

V.t. To build up in layers (as bricks): 砌牆 to build brick wall;
砌高 build up;
砌階 lay stone or brick steps;
堆砌字句 to pile up words and phrases in writing.

Words 1. 砌末（子） *chieh-moh (’tz), n., (Chin. opera) stage equipment (also wr. 切).

碡 Num. Index: 31B.50-1 dur .

N. See 碌^碡 31B.02.

碭 Num. Index: 31B.50-4 dahng .

N. 碭山 place name in Kiangsu.

碣 Num. Index: 31B.50-4 jier .

N. A commemorative stone tablet.

Adj. (Of mountain) towering, lofty.

碼 Num. Index: 31B.50-5 maa .

N. (1) Number: 門牌號碼 house number;
數碼不對 the number is wrong.
(2) Yard (length measure): 三碼 three yards.

Words 1. 碼頭 maa-tour, n., wharf, jetty.
2. 碼子 maa-tz, n., (1) number, also 碼兒 maa-’l;
3. 碼子 maa-tz, n., (2) (comm.) cash at bank.

磅 Num. Index: 31B.50-6 bahng (*pang ).

N. (1) Pound, a measure of weight: 英磅 English pound (money);
磅量 weight in pounds.
(2) *(pang) (AC) sound of rocks.

V.t. To weigh: 磅一磅 weigh it.

Words 1. 磅秤 bahng-chehng, n., weighing scales in pounds.

礁 Num. Index: 31B.63-9 jiau .

N. (Half-) submerged rocks: 明礁 rocks rising above water;
暗礁 a reef, completely submerged rocks;
觸礁 (of ship) run aground, strike on a rock.

Words 1. 礁石 jiau-shyr, n., reef, sandbar.

磽 Num. Index: 31B.70-1 chiau . [Var. 墝]

Adj. (Of land) barren, unproductive: 磽薄，磽角 ditto.

砒 Num. Index: 31B.70-2 pi . [Var. □]

N. Arsenic, see 砒霜 pi-shuang↓.

Words 1. 砒霜 pi-shuang, n., arsenic.
2. 砒石 pi-pishyr, n., (min.) arsenopyrite.

硯 Num. Index: 31B.70-4 yahn .

N. Ink slab, ink stone, the grinding of which seems to occupy writer’s labors, hence 硯耕，硯田 yahn-geng, yahn-tiarn↓;
as symbol of study at school: 同硯 classmate “having shared the same ink slab”;
硯友，硯兄，硯弟 yahn-yoou, yahn-shyung, yahn-dih↓.

Words 1. 硯池 yahn-chyr, n., depression in ink slab for collecting water.
2. 硯滴 yahn-di, n., a small container for dirpping water on ink slab.
3. 硯弟 yahn-dih, n., junior classmate.
4. 硯耕 yahn-geng, v.t., (LL) to make a living by writing.
5. 硯室 yahn-shyh, n., case for ink stone.
6. 硯兄 yahn-shyung, n., senior classmate.
7. 硯臺 (commonly 台) yahn-’tai, n., an ink stone.
8. 硯田 yahn-tiarn, n., (LL) writer’s way of making a living, see yahn-geng↑.
9. 硯瓦 yahn-waa, n., ink stone.
10. 硯友 yahn-yoou, n., classmate.

□ Num. Index: eh. [Translit. of □ 81A.83]

硫 Num. Index: 31B.70-6 liour .

N. Short for 硫磺 sulphur, liour-huarng↓.

Words 1. 硫化 liour-huah, n., (chem.) sulphide: 硫化氫 hydrogen sulphide;
2. 硫化 liour-huah, n., 硫化銀 silver sulphide;
3. 硫化 liour-huah, n., 硫化銅 copper sulphide;
4. 硫化 liour-huah, n., 硫化銨 ammonium sulphide;
5. 硫化 liour-huah, n., 硫化鋅 zinc sulphide;
6. 硫化 liour-huah, n., 硫化鍚 stannic sulphide;
7. 硫化 liour-huah, n., 硫化鎘 cadmiun sulphide.
8. 硫黃 liour-huarng, n., (chem.) sulphur (also wr. 硫磺);
9. 硫黃 liour-huarng, n., 硫磺酸 thionic acids.
10. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., (chem.) sulphuric acid, sulphate;
11. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鈉 sodium sulphate (Glauber’s salt);
12. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鈣 calcium sulphate;
13. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鉀 potassium sulphate;
14. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鉛 lead sulphate;
15. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鉻 chromic sulphate;
16. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸銅 cupric sulphate;
17. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸銨 ammonium sulphate;
18. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鋁 aluminum sulphate;
19. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鋇 barium sulphate;
20. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鋅 zinc sulphate;
21. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鎂 magnesium sulphate;
22. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鎳 nickel sulphate;
23. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸鐵 ferric sulphate;
24. 硫酸 liour-suan, n., 硫酸治瘧鹼 quinine sulphate.

碗 Num. Index: 31B.70-6 waan . [Pop. of □，帮]

N. A bowl (for rice, tea, soup, etc.).

矻 Num. Index: 31B.70-9 kuh .

Words 1. 矻矻 kuh-kuh, adj. & adv., busy, -ily: 終日矻矻 busily occupied all day.

砲 Num. Index: 31B.70-9 pauh . [Var. 廻，廻]

N. (1) Cannon, gun, ballista: 開砲 open gunfire, (coll.) attack;
放砲 fire a gun;
大砲 big guns, artillery;
槍砲 arms and supplies in gen.
(2) A chessman in Chin. chess.

Words 1. 砲兵 pauh-bing, n., artillery man, unit.
2. 砲車 pauh-che, n., gun carriage.
3. 砲彈 pauh-dahn, n., shell.
4. 砲轟 pauh-hung, v.t., to bombard with artillery.
5. 砲火 pauh-huoo, n., cannon fire.
6. 砲仗 pauh-jahng, n., firecrackers.
7. 砲戰 pauh-jann, n., artillery duel.
8. 砲竹 pauh-jur, n., firecrackers.
9. 砲艦 pauh-jiahn, n., gunboat;
10. 砲艦 pauh-jiahn, n., cruiser.
11. 砲手 pauh-shoou, n., gunner.
12. 砲臺 pauh-tair, n., fort.

廴 Num. Index: 31B.71-7 jiaan . [Pop. of 鹼 21S.81]

砥 Num. Index: 31B.71-9 dii (also jyy ).

N. A grinding stone of fine quality.

V.i. 砥礪 To polish character by continuous association with friends, to urge each other in moral cultivation.

磯 Num. Index: 31B.71-9 ji .

N. A submerged rock.

V.t. (AC) to obstruct (current).

磧 Num. Index: 31B.80-1 chih .

N. Sand and gravel: 磧礫 piles of gravel;
磧壓 sediments of gravel.

磺 Num. Index: 31B.80-2 huarng .

N. See 硫^磺 31B.70↑.

碘 Num. Index: 31B.80-2 diaan .

N. (Chem.) iodine.

Words 1. 碘酊 diaan-ding, n., tincture of iodine.
2. 碘酒 diaan-jioou, n., ditto.

碩 Num. Index: 31B.80-3 shyr (re. pr. shuoh ).

Adj. (1) Big, large, great: 碩大，碩量，碩果 shyr-dah, shyr-liahng, shyr-guoo↓;
豐碩 (feast) rich;
壯碩，肥碩 (person) bodily big, stout, corpulent, obese, robust, sturdy.
(2) Great, scholarly: 碩儒，碩士 shyr-rur, shyr-shyh↓;
碩畫 great plan;
碩交 (LL) a great friend.

Words 1. 碩大 shyr-dah, n., large: 碩大無朋 exceptionally large.
2. 碩輔 shyr-fuu, n., (LL) a great minister.
3. 碩果 shyr-guoo, n., as in 碩果僅存 one of the few still left.
4. 碩老 shyr-laau, n., an old venerable scholar.
5. 碩量 shyr-liahng, n., great capacity.
6. 碩人 shyr-rern, n., (AC) (1) a beauty;
7. 碩人 shyr-rern, n., (2) a hermit scholar.
8. 碩儒 shyr-rur, n., a great Confu. scholar.
9. 碩士 shyr-shyh, n., (1) a Master of Arts (M.A.);
10. 碩士 shyr-shyh, n., (2) (AC) great scholar.
11. 碩學 shyr-shyuer, n. & adj., scholar, -ly: 碩學通儒，碩學鴻儒 a profound scholar.
12. 碩望 shyr-wahng, n., (LL) great reputation.
13. 碩言 shyr-yarn, n., (LL) a boast, exaggeration.

礦 Num. Index: 31B.80-6 kuahng . [Var. 䬷]

N. (1) A mine, ore pit: 金礦，煤礦 gold mine, coal mine;
礦區 mining area;
開礦，採礦 to open mines.
(2) Ore, mineral.

Words 1. 礦產 kuahng-chaan, n., mineral, mining products.
2. 礦宝 kuahng-chuarng, n., (geol.) ore bed.
3. 礦泉 kuahng-chyuarn, n., (geol.) mineral spring.
4. 礦毒 kuahng-dur, n., poisonous material or gas in mines.
5. 礦工 kuahng-gung, n., a miner.
6. 礦坑 kuahng-keng, n., mining pit.
7. 礦苗 kuahng-miaur, n., outcroppings of ore.
8. 礦脈 kuahng-moh, n., a mineral vein, a lode.
9. 礦山 kuahng-shan, n., mining area, ore-producing hill.
10. 礦石 kuahng-shyr, n., an ore.
11. 礦藏 kuahng-tsarng, n., ore deposits.
12. 礦層 kuahng-tserng, n., strata of ores.
13. 礦物 kuahng-wuh, n., a mineral.
14. 礦業 kuahng-yeh, n., mining industry.

硤 Num. Index: 31B.81-1 shiar .

N. 硤石 place name in Chekiang.

碳 Num. Index: 31B.81-2 tahn . [Anc. var. 炭]

N. (Chem.) carbon, a chemical element.

Words 1. 碳化 tahn-huah, n. & v.i., (chem.) carbonize, -zation;
2. 碳化 tahn-huah, n. & v.i., 碳化氫 hydrocarbons;
3. 碳化 tahn-huah, n. & v.i., 碳化水 carbonic water;
4. 碳化 tahn-huah, n. & v.i., 碳水化合物 carbonhydrate;
5. 碳化 tahn-huah, n. & v.i., 碳化鈣 calcium carbide.
6. 碳酸 tahn-suan, n., (chem.) carbonic acid;
7. 碳酸 tahn-suan, n., 碳酸氣 carbonic acid gas;
8. 碳酸 tahn-suan, n., 碳酸鈣 calcium carbonate;
9. 碳酸 tahn-suan, n., 碳酸鈉 sodium carbonate or soda;
10. 碳酸 tahn-suan, n., 碳酸鹽 carbonate.

砍 Num. Index: 31B.81-9 kaan .

V.t. (1) To chop down, off: 砍下來 chop down;
砍成兩半 chop into two halves;
砍斷 cut down;
砍腦袋 chop off one’s head.
(2) Hit with brick, rock: 拿磚頭砍人 hit s.o. with bricks.

Words 1. 砍伐 kaan-far, v.t., to chop down (trees).
2. 砍頭 kaan-tour, v.t., to behead (person);
3. 砍頭 kaan-tour, v.t.,砍頭癰 (kaan-tour-yung) a kind of malignant boil on the neck.

破 Num. Index: 31B.82-2 poh .

V.i. & t. (1) To break: 破例，戒，約 break rules, vows, treaty or agreement;
破臉 quarrel openly;
破口 (罵人) break into abuse, use abusive language;
破膽 frightened out of one’s wits;
破顏，破涕為笑 melt into smiles (of face);
破土 break ground (of construction).
(2) To crush (enemy ranks): 破陣，勢如破竹 smash enemy easily (like splitting bamboo);
攻破南京 capture Nanking;
破賊 crush rebels.
(3) To show, reveal: 說破 reveal (secret);
一語破的 hit the nail on the head (“hit target with one remark”);
破露 betray (conspiracy, plan), (plan) is exposed;
破盤 leak out plan;
破幵沒臉 disregard modesty by appearing in public (of women);
破綻 poh-’jan↓;
破釜沉舟 no-retreat policy (“burning the bridges”).
(4) To analyze, explain, define: 破題 poh-tir↓.
(5) To spend: 破鈔，破財，破費 spend money;
破工夫 spend a lot of time.
(6) To brave: 破浪 ride the waves.
(7) To break out: 破空而下, appear, burst out of the blue.

Vb.complement. Through: 看破 kahn-poh) see through (世情 pomp, the material world);
打破 break (a cup);
打破難關 break through a difficult situation;
撕破 tear up;
攻破 capture a city;
讀破 read character with different pronunciation, representing different word.

Adj. Broken down: 破屋子，衣服，皮鞋 broken-down house, tattered clothing, shoes;
破罐子 poh-guahn-tz↓;
破鏡重圓 reunion of couple after separation, divorce;
家破人亡 family ruined;
破家子弟 spendthrift son of family;
penniless person;
國破 country destroyed.

Words 1. 破敗 poh-baih, v.t., destroy (property, plan).
2. 破產 poh-chaan, n. & adj., bankrupt, -cy.
3. 破除 poh-chur, v.t., overcome prejudices, obstacles, superstition.
4. 破格 poh-ger, adv., as an exceptional favor.
5. 破瓜 poh-gua, v.i., lose virginity;
6. 破瓜 poh-gua, v.i., 破瓜之年 age sixteen, (AC) aslo age sixty-four (of women).
7. 破罐子 poh-guahn-tz, n., (contemp.) unchaste woman;
8. 破罐子 poh-guahn-tz, n., a physical wreck.
9. 破壞 poh-huaih, v.t., break (neutrality, marriage), violate (agreement), damage (reputation).
10. 破綻 poh-’jan, n., flaw (in clothing, secret, argument).
11. 破折號 poh-jer-hauh, n., printer’s dash mark (“－”).
12. （打）破紀錄 (daa) poh-jih-luh, v.i., break the record.
13. 破爛 poh-lahn, adj., torn-down, ragged (furniture, dress).
14. 破裂 poh-lieh, v.i. & adj., split, break, broken (friendship, marriage).
15. 破落戶 poh-luoh-huh, n., penniless person, family;
16. 破落戶 poh-luoh-huh, n., fallen into decline.
17. 破嗓子 poh-saang-tz, n., broken voice, lost voice.
18. 破傷風 poh-shang-feng, n. tetanus infection.
19. 破身 poh-shen, v.i., lose virginity.
20. 破曉 poh-shiaau, n., daybreak.
21. 破碎 poh-sueih, adj., piecemeal, broken up, out of line;
22. 破碎 poh-sueih, adj., n., broken bits.
23. 破天荒 poh-tian-huang, adj. & adv., unprecedented, breaking all precedents.
24. 破體字 poh-tii-tzyh, n., corrupt or abbreviated form of a character.
25. 破題（兒） poh-tir-’l, n., the opening sentence of essay in civil examinations defining the theme;
26. 破題（兒） poh-tir-’l, n., (fig.) the first thing.
27. 破字 poh-tzyh, n., special pronunciation of a character different from normal, and used with different meaning.
28. 破五兒 poh-wuu-e’l, n., fifth of January in old calendar.
29. 破音 poh-yin, n., special pr. of character used with different meaning.

硬 Num. Index: 31B.82-3 yihng .

Adj. (1) Hard: 硬繃繃，硬邦邦 very hard.
(2) Stubborn, firm, adamant (attitude): 骨頭硬，脾氣硬 stubborn in temperament.
(3) Hard-hearted: 心腸硬 opp. 軟 soft-hearted.
(4) Raw, stiff, not fluent: 舌頭硬 tongue is stiff in learning language;
生硬 not well learned, forced, not skillful or smooth.
(5) Solid, well-equipped: 陣容很硬 staffed with the best personnel;
戲碼兒硬 theater has solid program.

Adv. By force, doggedly, without flinching: 硬拉 pull by force;
硬掙，硬撐 hold up by force;
esp. 硬著頭皮，硬著臉子 braving all rebuff;
硬著心腸 with hardened heart, i.e., unwillingly (do s.t. cruel);
硬把他的名掛上 put his name on the list against his will.

Words 1. 硬幣 yihng-bih, n., hard currency.
2. 硬氣 yihng-chih, n. & adj., firm, -ness: 兒子偏不硬氣 unfortunately the son is weak in character.
3. 硬度 yihng-duh, n., (jewels, steel) degree of hardness.
4. 硬幹 yihng-gahn, v.i., to do recklessly.
5. 硬膏 yihng-gau, n., (med.) plasters.
6. 硬漢 yihng-hahn, n., a strongwilled person, one who never yields.
7. 硬化 yihng-huah, v.i., to harden, stiffen: 動脈血管硬化 sclerosis;
8. 硬化 yihng-huah, v.i., 硬化症 yihng-huah-jehng, n., cirrhosis.
9. 硬黃紙 yihng-huarng-jyy, n., sized paper.
10. 硬貨 yihng-huoh, n., metallic coins.
11. 硬脂 yihng-jy, n., (chem.) stearin, suet, tallow.
12. 硬朗 yihng-’lang, adj., robust (health).
13. 硬臉 yihng-liaan, phr., accept no compromise.
14. 硬况子 yihng-lii-tz, n., important supporting actors in troupe.
15. 硬領（兒）（子） yihng-liing (’l) (tz), n., stiff collar.
16. 硬煤 yihng-meir, n., anthracite coal.
17. 硬麵（兒） yihng-miahn (yihng-miah-’l), n., hard noodles, made with less water.
18. 硬木 yihng-muh, n., hardwood.
19. 硬橡皮 yihng-shiahng-pir, n., ebonite.
20. 硬性 yihng-shihng, n., hardness, rigidity.
21. 硬手（兒） yihng-shoou (’l), n., an able hand or assistant.
22. 硬水 yihng-shueei, n., hard water.
23. 硬頭貨 yihng-’tou-huoh, n., (1) money;
24. 硬頭貨 yihng-’tou-huoh, n., (2) indigestible stuff.
25. 硬彩 yihng-tsaai, n., deep-colored enamel on porcelain.
26. 硬玉 yihng-yuh, n., jadeite.

□ Num. Index: 31B.82-5 pauh . [Var. of 廻 31B.82]

廻 Num. Index: 31B.82-5 pauh . [Var. of 砲 31B.70↑]

礉 Num. Index: 31B.82-9 chiau (*her ).

Adj. (1) Jagged (var. of 磽 31B.70↑).
(2) (*her) To check officially (var. of 核 10B.81 and 覈 31.82).

礎 Num. Index: 31B.83-1 chuu .

N. Foundation stone: 礎石 ditto;
基礎 foundation, (lit. and fig.) (of strength, wisdom, etc.);
礎潤知雨 certain stones show changes of weather by their wet color.

礙 Num. Index: 31B.83-2 aih .

N. Obstacle, hindrance, detriment: 障礙 ditto;
有礙，無礙 (於) is hindrance, is no hindrance, to (plan, progress): 有礙宪生 is deletrious to health.

V.t. (1) To hinder, stand in the way: 阻礙 hinder (progress, cooperation, etc.);
礙眼，礙口 aih-yaan, aih-koou↓;
礙事 aih-shyh↓.
(2) Difficult, embarrassing: 礙難 aih-narn↓;
礙于情面 one cannot do s.t. (refuse, etc.) for fear of hurting another’s feelings.

Words 1. 礙口 aih-koou, phr., too embarrassing to speak out.
2. 礙目 aih-muh, phr., an eyesore.
3. 礙難 aih-narn, adj., (official language) inconvenient for certain reasons, i.e., cannot: 礙難照准 cannot or do not approve.
4. 礙手 aih-shoou, phr., (affair) difficult to handle: 礙手礙腳 in the way.
5. 礙事 aih-shyh, adj., detrimental, highly inconvenient;
6. 礙事 aih-shyh, adj.,usu. in negative form: 不礙事 does not matter, is quite all right (to do s.t.).
7. 礙眼 aih-yaan, phr., be an eyesore, see aih-muh↑.

碇 Num. Index: 31B.83-6 dihng .

N. Anchor of a ship: 啟碇 to weigh anchor.

砭 Num. Index: 31B.83-9 bian .

N. (AC) fine-pointed stone for puncturing skin.

V.t. Anciently to probe with stone point, now with metal point in acupuncture;
針^砭 81A.10 n., acupuncture, also v.t. to probe and criticize (faults) severely.

Words 1. 砭骨 bian-guu, adj., very cold, stinging (of cutting wind);
2. 砭骨 bian-guu, adj., very severe (of criticism).
3. 砭灸 bian-jioou, n., (med.) anc. method of acupuncture, puncture (砭 to puncture and 灸 to cauterize).

砂 Num. Index: 31B.91-2 sha .

N. (1) Sand (usu. interch. 沙).
(2) Gritty marks in measles.

Words 1. 砂布 sha-buh, n., emery cloth.
2. 砂金 sha-jin, n., placer gold;
3. 砂金 sha-jin, n., 砂金石 sha-jin-shyr, (min.) corundum, varieties of quartz.
4. 砂紙 sha-jyy, n., see sha-buh↑.
5. 砂礫 sha-lih, n., gravel.
6. 砂輪 sha-lurn, n., emery wheel.
7. 砂漠 sha-moh, n., desert (usu.沙 ).
8. 砂囊 sha-narng, n., the gizzard of a fowl.
9. 砂皮 sha-pir, n., emery cloth or paper.
10. 砂糖 sha-tarng, n., unrefined sugar.
11. 砂鐵 sha-tiee, n., magnetic sand.
12. 砂土 sha-tuu, n., sandy soil.
13. 砂眼 sha-yaan, n., trachoma.
14. 砂岩 sha-yarn, n., sandstone.

磣 Num. Index: 31B.91-9 cheen . [Var. □]

Adj. (1) Gritty (food mixed with sand).
(2) Ugly, unsightly: 磣可可，磣得慌 very ugly, pitifullooking (related 慘 22A.91).

砝 Num. Index: 31B.93-1 far .

Words 1. 砝碼 far-maa, n., brass or lead weights, used in old-style scales.

磁 Num. Index: 31B.93-8 tsyr .

N. (1) Magnetism: 磁氣 tsyr-chih¹↓;
磁性，磁石，磁針 tsyr-shihng, tsyr-shyr, tsyr-jen↓.
(2) U.f □ porcelain, 80.70: 磁器 tsyr-chih²↓.

Words 1. 磁㪫 tsyr-chaang, n., (phys.) magnetic field.
2. 磁氣 tsyr-chih¹, n., (phys.) magnetic force: 地磁氣 terrestrial magnetism;
3. 磁氣 tsyr-chih¹, n., 磁氣感應 magnetic induction;
4. 磁氣 tsyr-chih¹, n., 磁氣赤道 magnetic equator.
5. 磁器 tsyr-chih², n., porcelain, chinaware.
6. 磁電 tsyr-diahn, n., (phys.) electromagnetism.
7. 磁針 tsyr-jen, n., magnetic needle.
8. 磁極 tsyr-jir, n., (phys.) magnetic pole.
9. 磁軸 tsyr-jour, n., (phys.) magnetic axis.
10. 磁力 tsyr-lih, n., (phys.) magnetic force: 磁力線 line of magnetic force.
11. 磁性 tsyr-shihng, n., magnetism, magnetic properties.
12. 磁實 tsyr-’shy, adj., (coll.) substantial, well-built, solid (house).
13. 磁石 tsyr-shyr, n., loadstone;
14. 磁石 tsyr-shyr, n., 磁石棍 or 磁條 bar magnet.
15. 磁條 tsyr-tiaur, n., bar magnet.
16. 磁鐵 tsyr-tiee, n., magnetic iron, magnet: 馬蹄磁鐵 horseshoe magnet;
17. 磁鐵 tsyr-tiee, n., 圓條磁鐵 cylindrical magnet.

酎 Num. Index: 31C.00-1 jouh .

N. (AC) double-fermented wine.

酵 Num. Index: 31C.00-1 shiauh (also jiauh ).

N. Yeast, leaven: 發酵 to ferment.

Words 1. 酵母 shiauh-muu, n., leaven, yeast.
2. 酵素 shiauh-suh, n., (bilo.) enzymes.

酊 Num. Index: 31C.00-3 diing .

Adj. See 酩^酊 31C.40.

携 Num. Index: 31C.00-6 chour . [Pop. of 酬 31C.22]

醇 Num. Index: 31C.00-6 churn . [Var. of □]

N. (1) Mellow wine: 醇酒婦人 indulgence with wine and women.
(2) 乙醇 ether.

Adj. (1) U.f. 淳 simple, unsophisticated: 醇厚，醇樸 churn-houh, churn-pur↓.
(2) U.f. 純 pure: 醇備，醇謹，醇粹 churn-beih, churn-jiin, churn-tsueih↓.

Words 1. 醇備 churn-beih, adj. (AC) pefsect (also 純備), without flaws of character.
2. 醇醇 churn-churn, adj., (AC) primitively simple-hearted.
3. 醇厚 churn-houh, adj., careful and honest (also wr. 純，淳).
4. 醇化 churn-huah, adj., mellowed, well blended (customs, callig., also 淳化).
5. 醇謹 churn-jiin, adj., see churn-houh↑.
6. 醇精 churn-jing, n., (chem.) ether.
7. 醇醪 churn-laur, n., exceptionally strong wine.
8. 醇醨 churn-lir, n., good (醇) and bad (醨) wine, (fig.) tough and refined customs, manners.
9. 醇美 churn-meir, adj., mellow, superb (also 純，淳).
10. 醇醲 churn-nurng, adj., wine of old vintage;
11. 醇醲 churn-nurng, adj., (fig.) mellow character of a people.
12. 醇樸（朴） churn-pur, adj., simple, unsophisticated (also 淳，純).
13. 醇粹 churn-tsueih, adj., unadulterated, pure (also 純，淳).

酹 Num. Index: 31C.00-9 leih .

V.t. Perform libation.

釂 Num. Index: 31C.00-9 jiauh .

V.i. (AC) empty a cup of wine at one gulp.

醥 Num. Index: 31C.01-3 piaau .

N. (MC) light wine.

醾 Num. Index: 31C.01-6 mir . [Var. of □ 31C.01]

N. See 酴^□ 31C.01↓.

酴 Num. Index: 31C.01-8 tur .

N. (AC) yeast.

Words 1. 酴□ tur-mir, n., see 荼^蘼 20A.01.
2. 酴酥 tur-su, n., see 屠^蘇 52A.41.

酥 Num. Index: 31C.01-9 su .

N. Light, fluffy or crisp edible (cakes, etc.): 桃酥 crisp preserved peach;
酥糖 crisp sweetmeat.

Adj. (1) Crisp, light and fluffy (cookie).
(2) Soft like butter: 酥胸 woman’s soft breasts;
酥髮 soft, silky hair.
(3) Luxuriously relaxed: 酥麻，酥澊 su-mar, su-ruaan↓.

Words 1. 酥酪 su-lauh, n., yogurt.
2. 酥麻 su-mar, adj., (limbs) numb and weak, sensually soothed.
3. 酥澊 su-ruaan, adj., (legs) gone soft, weak from excitement.
4. 酥油 su-your, n., butter from cow’s or mare’s milk.

醵 Num. Index: 31C.02-2 jyuh .

V.i. Contribute money for a common purpose, esp. to buy drinks: 醵金 to chip in;
醵資 ditto.

醲 Num. Index: 31C.02-2 nurng .

N. Rich wine.

Adj. Rich: (of wine, tea, etc.) rich-flavored (cf. 濃 63A.02).

釀 Num. Index: 31C.02-6 niahng .

N. Wine or its by-product: 佳釀 vintage wine;
酒釀 sweet fermented rice;
see 釀母 niahng-muu↓.

V.t. (1) To brew wine: 釀酒，釀造，釀製 make wine.
(2) Cause (s.t.) to mature gradually: 釀蜜 (of bees) make honey;
釀成 (of bad habits, evil tendencies, etc.) suffer to grow or develop;
釀禍 ferment trouble;
醞釀 (lit.) brew wine, etc. (fig.) (of mischiefs, trouble, rebellion, etc.) brew, ferment.

Words 1. 釀母 niahng-muu, n., (＝酵母) yeast.
2. 釀造 niahng-tzauh, v.t., make (wine, etc.) by fermentation.

醁 Num. Index: 31C.02-9 luh .

N. □醁 lirng-luh, name of wine.

醰 Num. Index: 31C.10-3 tarn .

Adj. (Of wine) good and richflavored: 醰醰 full-flavored.

醉 Num. Index: 31C.10-6 tzueih .

Adj. Drunk: 醉漢 tzueih-hahn↓;
碎鬼 tzuei-gueei↓;

醉K

Adj. 醉貓兒 a person walking and acting unsteadily under the influence of alcohol;
醉薰薰 drunk, tipsy;
醉貌咕咚 sottish;
醉眼惺忪 sleepy-eyed from drink;
醉咧咧兒 habbling (faltering) from too much drink;
醉了 got drunk, intoxicated;
醉倒 lying paralyzed by drink;
醉死 dead drunk, drink oneself to death;
醉酒 drunk with wine;
喝醉了酒 have had a cup too many;
酒醉飯飽 dined and wined to satiety;
醉酒飽德 (litr.) expression of thanks for host’s hospitality (“have partaken of your vintage wine and basked in your kindness”);
醉生夢死 lead a happy-go-lucky life;
酒不醉人人自醉 it’s not the wine that intoxicates but the drinker who gets himself drunk;
醉意 unusually talkative or high-spirited after a drinking bout, half-tipsy;
醉翁之意不在酒 some ulterior motive.

Adv. (1) Be addicted to: 醉心 tzueih-shin↓.
(2) Steep (crab, shrimps) in wine.

Words 1. 醉鬼 tzueih-gueei, n., a drunken sot, a tippler, an alcoholic.
2. 醉漢 tzueih-hahn, n., a drunkard, a drunken person.
3. 醉雷公 tzueih-leir-gung, phr., a busybody fond of making superficial comments on men and events (“a drunken thunderer”).
4. 醉墨 tzueih-moh, n., painting or calligraphy done under the influence of wine.
5. 醉鄉 tzueih-shiang, n., the state of ecstasy in which a drinker finds himself.
6. 醉心 tzueih-shin, v.t., be infatuated with (honor, fame, music, poetry, art).
7. 醉魚草 tzueih-yur-tsaau, n., (bot.) Buddlea japonica.

醛 Num. Index: 31C.11-2 chyuarn .

N. (Chem.) aldehyde.

醒 Num. Index: 31C.11-4 shiing (shing ).

V.i. (1) To wake up, be awake: 他醒了 he is awake;
昏迷了又醒過來 come out of coma;
甦醒，夢醒 wake up from sleep, dream;
喚醒他 wake him up;
醒獅 awaken lion (oft. used to describe awakened China).
(2) Sober up: 酒醒了 become sober;
v.t., 醒酒 help to wake up from drink.
(3) To realize one’s mistake: 醒悟 shiing-wuh↓.

Words 1. 醒腔 shiing-chiang, v.i., (coll.) come to realize: 他總是不醒腔 (coll.) he would never come to realize his mistake, see shiing-wuh↓.
2. 醒豁 shiing-huoh, adj., striking, bright in appearance.
3. 醒覺 shiing-jyuer, adj., wake up from (error, sleep).
4. 醒木 shiing-muh¹, n., a gavel used by teahouse storyteller to call attention.
5. 醒目 shiing-muh², adj., refreshing to the eye, attractive-looking (billboard, etc.).
6. 醒脾 shiing-pir, (1) v.i., 醒人脾胃 to refresh one’s mind;
7. 醒脾 shiing-pir, v.i., to make fun of: 你別拿我們醒脾 don’t make fun of us;
8. 醒脾 shiing-pir, (2) adj., amusing, refreshing, appetizing (anecdote, etc.).
9. 醒世 shiing-shyh, adj., (moral tract, story) moralizing, calculated to make one reform.
10. 醒悟 shiing-wuh, v.i., to come to realize (truth, error);
11. 醒悟 shiing-wuh, v.i., to reform.
12. 醒眼 shiing-yaan, adj., see shiing-muh²↑.

酗 Num. Index: 31C.21-2 shyuh .

V.i. To become drunk and violent: 酗酒 ditto;
酗訟 get into a drunken brawl.

酬 Num. Index: 31C.22-2 chour . [Pop. 携]

N. Reward, remuneration: 卻酬 decline any remuneration;
酬金，酬勞 chour-jin, chour-laur↓.

V.i. (1) To pledge a cup of wine, to toast and return toast: 應酬 v.i. & n., have a round of social events, parties, invitations and return invitations;
repartees at parties: 酬答，酬對 chour-dar, chour-dueih↓;
酬應，酬酢 chour-yihng, chour-tzuoh↓;
write poems and reply in poems: 酬和，酬唱 chour-heh, chour-chahng↓.
(2) To reward, give thanks: 酬報 chour-bauh↓;
酬謝 chour-shieh↓.

Words 1. 酬報 chour-bauh, n., remuneration for service;
2. 酬報 chour-bauh, n., (theology) retribution.
3. 酬唱 chour-chahng, v.i., to write back and forth, esp. poems, between friends.
4. 酬答 chour-dar, v.i., (1) express appreciation;
5. 酬答 chour-dar, v.i., (2) give remuneration;
6. 酬答 chour-dar, v.i., (3) see chour-chahng↑.
7. 酬對 chour-dueih, (1) v.i., to hold conversation;
8. 酬對 chour-dueih, (2) the art of conversation.
9. 酬和 chour-heh, v.i., see chour-chahng↑.
10. 酬金 chour-jin, n., service fees.
11. 酬直 chour-jyr, v.i., to repay for service (properly 值).
12. 酬勞 chour-laur, n. & v.t., remunerate, -tion.
13. 酬賽 chour-saih, n. & v.i., thanksgiving to gods, a religious festival with parades.
14. 酬謝 chour-shieh, v.t., to repay with thanks;
15. 酬謝 chour-shieh, v.t., n., remuneration.
16. 酬酢 chour-tzuoh, n. & v.i., (1) invitations back and forth;
17. 酬酢 chour-tzuoh, n. & v.i., (2) drink toasts to each other.
18. 酬應 chour-yihng, v.i., ditto.
19. 酬庸 chour-yung, n., (LL) remuneration, reward for past services.

醡 Num. Index: 31C.22-6 jah .

N. Wine press.

□ Num. Index: 31C.22-6 mir . [Var. of 醾 31C.01↑]

酢 Num. Index: 31C.22-9 tzuoh .

V.t. To toast the host: 酬酢 mutual toasting between host and guests, dining and wining.

醢 Num. Index: 31C.30-1 haai .

N. Minced meat sauce;
pickled meat.

V.t. (AC) to cut slices of flesh as a form of torture.

醴 Num. Index: 31C.30-2 lii .

N. (1) 醴泉 A sweet spring.
(2) 醴酒 sweet wine.

醞 Num. Index: 31C.30-4 yuhn .

V.i. To ferment.

Words 1. 醞藉 yuhn-jieh, adj., poised (character);
2. 醞藉 yuhn-jieh, adj., rich but restrained (style of writing), also wr. 蘊.
3. 醞釀 yuhn-niahng, v.i., to ferment;
4. 醞釀 yuhn-niahng, v.i., (fig.) (of troubles, revolutionary movement) are brewing.

醯 Num. Index: 31C.30-6 shi .

N. (AC) vinergar;
pickles.

Words 1. 醯䓩 shi-ji, n., gnat-like insect found on pickles.
2. 醯醬 shi-jiahng, n., pickled condiment.

□ Num. Index: 31C.30-8 shi . [Var. of 醯 31C.30↑]

酤 Num. Index: 31C.40-1 gu .

V.t. Sell or buy: 酤酒 sell or buy wine (cf. 沽 63A.40).

酷 Num. Index: 31C.40-1 kuh .

Adj. & adv. (1) Strong (bouquet of wine).
(2) Brutal: 殘酷，酷烈 brutal;
酷吏 merciless judge or prison warden;
酷虐 tyrannical cruel;
冷酷 cold, severe, without human warmth;
酷刑 kuh-shirng↓.
(3) Severe, extreme, -ly: 酷熱，酷寒 extremely hot, severely cold (weather);
酷似 very much resembling.

Words 1. 酷烈 kuh-lieh, adj., (1) severe, cruel;
2. 酷烈 kuh-lieh, adj., (2) strong (smell).
3. 酷刑 kuh-shirng, n., torture.

醽 Num. Index: 31C.40-3 lirng .

Words 1. 醽醁 lirng-luh, n., (MC) name of fine wine.

醅 Num. Index: 31C.40-6 pei .

N. Unstrained spirits.

酩 Num. Index: 31C.40-9 mirng (miing ).

Words 1. 酩酊（大醉） mirng-diing (dah-tzueih), adj., dead drunk.

酪 Num. Index: 31C.40-9 luoh (lauh in coll.).

N. (1) Kinds of cheese: 奶酪，乳酪 cream cheese.
(2) (AC) fruit jelly, jam.

酣 Num. Index: 31C.41-2 han .

Adj. & adv. Rapturous, -ly, soundly and comfortably: 酣飲 rapturously drunk, drink to one’s heart’s content;
酒意半酣 half drunk, comfortably drunk;
酣睡 sleep soundly;
酣歌，酣舞 to sing, dance rapturously;
酣樂 enjoy with rapture.

醋 Num. Index: 31C.41-2 tsuh .

N. (1) Vinegar.
(2) Jealousy (from adj. 酸 sour): 醋意 tsuh-yih↓;
吃醋 feel jealous;
醋海生波 a storm of jealousy.

Words 1. 醋大 tsuh-dah, n., penniless fellow, oft. 窮醋大 (also wr. 措大);
2. 醋大 tsuh-dah, n., formerly, sour and haughty scholars.
3. 醋罐子 tsuh-guahn-tz, n., “a bottle of vinegar”—extremely jealous wife or husband.
4. 醋勁（兒） tsuh-jihn (tsuh-jieh-’l), n., jealousy, see tsuh-yih↓.
5. 醋心 tsuh-’shin, n., belching of acid from stomach.
6. 醋酸 tsuh-suan, n., (chem.) acetic acid;
7. 醋酸 tsuh-suan, n., 醋酸鈉 sodium acetate;
8. 醋酸 tsuh-suan, n., 醋酸鈣 calcium acetate;
9. 醋酸 tsuh-suan, n., 醋酸鉀 potassium acetate;
10. 醋酸 tsuh-suan, n., 醋酸鉛 lead acetate;
11. 醋酸 tsuh-suan, n., 醋酸銅 cupric acetate;
12. 醋酸 tsuh-suan, n., 醋酸鉻，鋁，鐵 chromium, aluminum, ferric acetate.
13. 醋意 tsuh-yih, n., feeling of jealousy.

□ Num. Index: 31C.41-6 churn . [Var. of 醇 31C.00↑]

酺 Num. Index: 31C.42-1 pur .

N. & v.i. A drink fest.

醐 Num. Index: 31C.42-1 hur .

N. See 醍^醐 31C.83↓.

酌 Num. Index: 31C.50-9 juor .

N. (1) A feast, banquet: 喜酌 wedding banquet.
(2) Small, informal dinner with a little wine: 清酌，便酌，隨意小酌 ditto;
對酌 have a drink together.

V.i. (1) To drink: 獨酌 drink without company;
小酌，對酌 see N.2↑;
淺酌 have a little drink.
(2) To pour wine (for guest, etc.).
(3) To deliberate (as to measure wine by jigger): 斟酌 to deliberate (together), consider before decision;
酌定，酌奪，酌量 juor-dihng, juor-duor, juor-liarng↓.

Adv. (As vb. prefix) at discretion, according to needs or circumstances: 酌付，酌改 pay, correct, at your discretion;
酌復 reply as you think fit;
酌減 decrease according to circumstance;
酌取 take as much as you consider desirable, etc.

Words 1. 酌辦 juor-bahn, v.i. & t., proceed at your discretion.
2. 酌定 juor-dihng, v.t., please kindly decide.
3. 酌奪 juor-duor, v.t., ditto.
4. 酌量 juor-liarng (juor-liahng), adv., according to circumstances: 酌量辦理, see juor-bahn↑.
5. 酌獻 juor-shiahn, v.i., to offer sacrifices with libation.
6. 酌裁 juor-tsair, v.t., (await) your decision.

醺 Num. Index: 31C.63-9 shyun .

Adj. Drunk: 醉醺醺 very drunk, tipsy.

醮 Num. Index: 31C.63-9 jiauh .

N. A Taoist Buddhist sacrifice: 打醮 hold sacrifice to appease the gods or exorcise the demons.

V.i. (Of women) marry: 再醮 remarry after husband’s death.

醃 Num. Index: 31C.70-1 yan .

V.t. To pickle, marinate, salt;
p.p., salted, marinated: 醃菜 salted vegetable.

配 Num. Index: 31C.70-5 peih .

V.t. (1) To match, be worthy of: 配不上 be unworthy of post or match;
他配說這種話嗎 is he the person qualified to say such things? 配對 to make a pair, to mate.
(2) To compose, blend, make up: 配藥 make up a prescription;
配戲 cast a play;
配貨 buy, replenish supplies for stores;
配製 make, compose from different elements, such as medicine.
(3) To send (person) to exile.

Adj. Side (wing, construction): 配殿，配房 peih-diahn, peih-farng↓.

Words 1. 配備 peih-beih, n., (mil.) arms;
2. 配備 peih-beih, n., and equipment things, decorations that go with (a thing);
3. 配備 peih-beih, v.t., to furnish with arms.
4. 配搭（兒） peih-da (’l), v.t., arrange (accessories, equipment, subsidiary roles).
5. 配殿 peih-diahn, n., side temple.
6. 配房 peih-farng, n., side room.
7. 配合 peih-her, v.t. & adj., match (things together);
8. 配合 peih-her, v.t. & adj., well-matched, appropritate.
9. 配件兒 peih-jiah-’l, n, accessories.
10. 配給 peih-jii, n. & v.i., ration, supply, usu. free.
11. 配角（兒） peih-jyuer (peih-jyuer-’l), n., minor roles in play.
12. 配軍 peih-jyun, n., troops of exiled persons.
13. 配偶（耦） peih-oou, n., spouse, matrimonial match.
14. 配流 peih-liour, v.t., send to exile.
15. 配享 peih-shiaang, v.i., to be worshipped by side of (main spirit, ancestor), to share sacrifices with.
16. 配售 peih-shouh, n., rationed purchase.
17. 配所 peih-suuo, n., place of exile.
18. 配音 peih-yin, n., sound track in films.

酡 Num. Index: 31C.70-6 tuor .

Adj. Face flushed with drink: 酡顏，酡醉.

酖 Num. Index: 31C.70-9 dan (*jehn ).

N. (*jehn) Poisoned wine: 酖毒 wine poison.

V.i. Be infatuated with, addicted to: 酖迷酒色 addicted to wine and women, also wr. 耽.

醜 Num. Index: 31C.70-9 choou .

N. (1) (Abusive) blackguard, scoundrel: 小醜 underling, scoundrel;
跳梁小醜 little rascal, scamp;
𡡷醜 the rascals;
醜虜 a term of abuse of enemy.
(2) Disgrace: 出醜 expose oneself to ridicule for clumsiness (awkwardness, incompetence, etc.), be exposed for s.t. immoral;
獻醜 (self-deprecating of performance) show my immature skill.

Adj. (1) Ugly, loathsome, unsightly: 醜婦 ugly woman;
醜臉 ugly face;
醜極了 frightfully badlooking.
(2) Disgraceful, shameless: 醜話，醜事 choou-huah, choou-shyh↓;
醜行 choou-shihng↓;
醜史 story of s.o.’s shameless doings;
醜樣子 grisly appearance;
醜名 choou-mirng↓;
醜聲四溢 notorious;
醜態百出 behave in a revolting manner (show flattery, etc.).
(3) (AC) matching: 天下地醜德齊 (AC) the countries are equally strong in territory and power.

Adv. Frightfully, horribly: 醜罵，醜詆 give a merciless scolding;
一頓醜打 beat up (person) mercilessly.

Words 1. 醜巴怪 choou-ba-guaih, n. & adj., disfigured, monstrous-looking (person).
2. 醜惡 choou-eh, adj., loathsome, despicable (conduct).
3. 醜話 choou-huah, n., scandal, scandalous gossip.
4. 醜類 choou-leih, (1) n., (LL, abusive) gang of scoundrels;
5. 醜類 choou-leih, (2) 比物醜類 (AC) to classify according to categories.
6. 醜陋 choou-louh, adj., ugly, loathsome, unsightly.
7. 醜名 choou-mirng, n., bad reputation.
8. 醜行 choou-shihng, n., notorious conduct, indecencies.
9. 醜事 choou-shyh, n., a scandal.
10. 醜熊 choou-taih, n., disgusting manner.

□ Num. Index: 31C.71-7 shiarn . [Var. of 鹹]

醭 Num. Index: 31C.81-2 bur (also pur or mur in Peking).

N. White spots on surface of vinegar, soy sauce, usu. 醭兒 bur-’l.

醊 Num. Index: 31C.82-3 chuoh .

V.t. (LL) to drink, sip.

醱 Num. Index: 31C.82-3 poh .

N. & vb. Secondary fermentation.

Words 1. 醱酵 poh-shiauh, v.i., cause fermentation by yeast.

釅 Num. Index: 31C.82-4 yahn .

Adj. Strong (liquor, tea).

酘 Num. Index: 31C.82-4 tour .

V.i. (MC) to have a small drink (酘一酘) after heavy drinking the previous day, believed to be a good way of woking it off.

酸 Num. Index: 31C.82-9 suan .

N. An acid: 碳酸 carbonic acid;
鹽酸 hydrochloric acid;
硫酸 sulphuric acid;
醋酸 acetic acid;
磷酸 phosphoric acid;
硝酸 nitric acid.

Adj. (1) Sour in taste: 酸溜溜，酸不啷（兒）的，酸不啷溜兒的 all meaning very sour.
(2) Jealous: also 酸溜溜 very jealous (cf. 醋 31C.41).
(3) Putrid, rancid: 酸咕囔的 very rancid in smell.
(4) Feeling deeply touched in pity: 心酸 ditto;
酸鼻 suan-bir↓.
(5) U.f. 痠 61A.82, muscular ache.
(6) Puritanical, pettily critical of others, narrow-minded: 寒酸，窮酸 poor and jealous of others;
酸文假醋 one who poses as a cultured gentleman, hypocrite, -ical.

Words 1. 酸敗 suan-baih, adj., turned sour.
2. 酸鼻 suan-bir, v.i., cause one’s heart to ache: 令人酸鼻 makes one want to cry out of pity (describing a feeling in sinus).
3. 酸慳 suan-chian, adj., miserly.
4. 酸切 suan-chieh, adj., touching (words).
5. 酸楚 suan-chuu, adj., mournful, heart breaking.
6. 酸丁 suan-ding, n., (contempt.) an unsuccesful and morose or crabbed person.
7. 酸度 suan-duh, n., acidity.
8. 酸腐 suan-fuu, adj., puritanical, doctrinaire.
9. 酸根 suan-gen, n., (chem.) acid radicals.
10. 酸寒 suan-harn, adj., poor and unhappy (person) (＝寒酸).
11. 酸懷 suan-huair, adj., sorrowful.
12. 酸漿 suan-jiang, n., (bot.) “Chinese lantern” or winter cherry, Physalis alkekengi (also called 燈籠草).
13. 酸款 suan-kuaan, adj., sour and aloof, conceited (person).
14. 酸懶 suan-laan, adj., (legs, body) limp and aching.
15. 酸辣湯 suan-lah-tang, n., a sour-and-hot soup (of slices of beancurd and blood).
16. 酸類 suan-leih, n., (chem.) acids.
17. 酸溜溜（兒） suan-liou-’liou (’l), adj., very jealous;
18. 酸溜溜（兒） suan-liou-’liou (’l), adj., very puritanical;
19. 酸溜溜（兒） suan-liou-’liou (’l), adj., (muscles) aching.
20. 酸梅湯 suan-meir-tang, n., wildplum juice, a cold drink.
21. 酸軟 suan-ruaan, adj., (limbs) limp.
22. 酸性 suan-shihng, n., acidity: 酸性岩 acid rocks;
23. 酸性 suan-shihng, n., 酸性鹽 acid salts;
24. 酸性 suan-shihng, n., 酸性反應 acid reaction.
25. 酸心 suan-shin¹, (1) n., acidity in stomach;
26. 酸心 suan-shin¹, (2) adj., touching (＝心酸).
27. 酸辛 suan-shin², adj., sad, hardpressed, in hard circumstances.
28. 酸疼 suan-terng, adj., (muscles) aching.
29. 酸甜兒 suan-tiar-’l, adj., sweet and sour (dishes);
30. 酸甜兒 suan-tiar-’l, adj., 酸甜苦辣 all the sweet and bitter experiences of life.
31. 酸頭兒 suan-tour-’l, n., slightly sour flavor.
32. 酸菜 suan-tsaih, n., sour pickled cabbage.
33. 酸痛 suan-tuhng, adj. ,see suan-terng↑.
34. 酸棗 suan-tzaau, n., a wild date, Zizyphus vulgaris.

醍 Num. Index: 31C.83-4 tir .

Words 1. 醍醐 tir-hur, n., essential oil of butter;
2. 醍醐 tir-hur, n., (Budd.) Buddha nature in man;
3. 醍醐 tir-hur, n., 醍醐灌頂 phr., pleasure of understanding or receiving wisdom (like “pouring rich liquor over one’s head”).

醪 Num. Index: 31C.91-5 laur .

N. Wine with dregs: 醪糟 the sediment of wine or spirits.

雺 Num. Index: 31D.00-3 merng . [Anc. var. of 霧 31D.50↓]

N. Heavy fog.

Words 1. 雺淞 merng-sung (mehng-suhng), n., thick fog.

霖 Num. Index: 31D.01-1 lirn .

N. Rain, esp. long rain: 霖雨 heavy rain;
甘霖 sweet rain, good for the crops.

霢 Num. Index: 31D.02-4 moh .

N. (AC) drizzle.

震 Num. Index: 31D.02-5 jehn . [Related 顫]

N. (1) One of the eight diagrams, see 八^卦 80.80.
(2) (AC) thunder;
earthquake: 地震.

V.i. & t. (1) To shock, strike by thunder: 雷震 struck by thunder;
震死了 struck dead by lightning;
to shock by brilliance: 震古鑠今 galvanize the world.
(2) To quake, crash: 震撼 jehn-hahn↓;
震動 jehn-duhng↓;
震天駭地 shake the universe;
震耳 (欲聾) deafening (noise).
(3) To frighten, be frightened (oft. prefixed to adj. or p.p.): 震懼，震驚，震恐，震慴 jehn-jyuh, jehn-jing, jehn-kuung,jehn-jer↓, etc., meaning greatly frightened;
震怒 jehn-nuh↓, greatly angry.
(4) (AC) pregnant (related modn. 娠).

Words 1. 震顫 jehn-chahn, n., tremor.
2. 震旦 Jehn-dahn, n., ancient Hindu name for China.
3. 震怛 jehn-dar, adj., frightened.
4. 震悼 jehn-dauh, adj., shocked by s.o.’s death.
5. 震動 jehn-duhng, (1) v.i., to quake, tremble;
6. 震動 jehn-duhng, (2) v.t. & p.p., be greatly moved, restless: 人心震動.
7. 震耳 jehn-eel, adj., earsplitting, deafening (noise).
8. 震撼 jehn-hahn, v.t., shake, -en agitate, -ed;
9. 震撼 jehn-hahn, v.t., shatter, -ing, -ed.
10. 震駭 jehn-haih, v.i. & t., shock, -ed.
11. 震慴 jehn-jer, v.i. & t., frighten, -ed.
12. 震悸 jehn-jih, v.i., to quiver, quake with fear.
13. 震驚 jehn-jing, v.i., greatly frightened, afraid.
14. 震懼 jehn-jyuh, v.i., tremble with fear.
15. 震恐 jehn-kuung, adj., (p.p.) shocked.
16. 震慄 jehn-lih, v.i., see jehn-jyuh↑.
17. 震怒 jehn-nuh, adj., furious.

霹 Num. Index: 31D.10-5 pi .

Words 1. 霹靂 pi-lih, adj. & n., descriptive of crashing thunder, lightning flash: 霹靂一聲雷 a thunderbolt;
2. 霹靂 pi-lih, adj. & n., 霹靂火 quicktempered person;
3. 霹靂 pi-lih, adj. & n., 霹靂手 a fast mover, one quick at decisions.

霪 Num. Index: 31D.11-6 yirn .

N. Excessive rain.

霾 Num. Index: 31D.11-9 mair .

V.i. Blow sandstorm.

Words 1. 霾晦 mair-hueih, adj., (of sky) overcast by sandstorm.

霍 Num. Index: 31D.11-9 huoh .

N. A surname.

Adv. 霍地，霍然 huoh-dih, huoh-rarn↓.

Words 1. 霍地 huoh-dih, adv., quickly, in a flash.
2. 霍霍 huoh-huoh, adv., as in 光霍霍 shining bright;
3. 霍霍 huoh-huoh, adv., 磨刀霍霍向豬羊 sharpen knife to kill lamb and pig.
4. 霍亂 huoh-luahn, n., (translit.) cholera.
5. 霍然 huoh-rarn, adv., see huoh-dih↑.
6. 霍閃 huoh-shaan, v.i., flash (of lightning).

霏 Num. Index: 31D.22-2 fei .

Adj. Descriptive of snowfall: 雨雪霏霏 snow flying about.

霽 Num. Index: 31D.22-6 jih .

V.i. (1) Cease raining: 雨霽 the rain is over;
晴霽 (of weather) fair and clear;
霽色 jih-seh↓.
(2) Calm down after a fit of anger: see compp.↓.

Words 1. 霽色 jih-seh, n., sky blue, a blue sky.
2. 霽威 jih-wei, v.i., to calm down, stop raging.
3. 霽顏 jih-yarn, v.i., ditto.
4. 霽月 jih-yueh, (1) n., a bright moon after rainfall;
5. 霽月 jih-yueh, (2) adj., (of persons) openhearted, openminded (“like an unclouded moon”).

霈 Num. Index: 31D.22-6 peih .

N. Plentiful rain;
(fig.) gracious kindness, favour.

Adj. (Of rain) pouring, torrential.

靈 Num. Index: 31D.30-4 lirng . [Arch. □; pop. □]

N. (1) Spirit, soul: 神靈 spirit, the gods;
精靈，幽靈 soul of departed;
靈魂 lirng-hurn↓.
(2) Spiritual world, power: 顯靈 (of gods, idol) show supernatural power;
通靈 in touch with spiritual world;
靈感 inspiration;
靈修 attending to spiritual things.
(3) Coffin;
spirit tablet: 停靈 deposit coffin pending burial;
扶靈 carry the hearse;
靈骨 collected bones of deceased relative;
靈牌，靈位，靈柩 lirng-pair, lirng-weih, lirng-jiouh↓.
(4) The people: 生^靈 10.11.
(5) A surname.

Adj. (1) (Of persons) intelligent, bright, clever, 靈巧，靈敏 lirng-chiaau, lirng-miin↓.
(2) (Of things) alert, responsive, alive: 靈通，靈便，靈活 lirng-tung, lirng-biahn, lirng-huor↓.
(3) Spiritual, pertaining to the spirits: 靈魂，靈氣 lirng-hurn, lirng-chih↓.
(4) (Of med.) efficacious: 靈驗 lirng-yahn↓;
(of things) work well;
這把鎖靈不靈 does this lock work? 不靈 do not work properly.

Words 1. 靈便 lirng-biahn, adj., light and convenient.
2. 靈車 lirng-che, n., the hearse carriage.
3. 靈櫬 lirng-chehn, n., the hearse.
4. 靈巧 lirng-chiaau, adj., clever, (of devices) well made.
5. 靈竅 lirng-chiauh, adj. & n., wit, intelligence.
6. 靈氣 lirng-chih, n., (of beautiful mountains) spiritual influence or atmosphere: 靈氣所鍾 such influence on persons born in certain place.
7. 靈床 lirng-chuarng, n., deathbed;
8. 靈床 lirng-chuarng, n., person’s bed and room furniture kept as when he was living.
9. 靈感 lirng-gaan, n., inspiration (in writing).
10. 靈慧 lirng-hueih, adj., (of person, child) very intelligent.
11. 靈活 lirng-huor, adj., quick in response, alert;
12. 靈活 lirng-huor, adj., (style of writing, descriptive passage) alive, interesting.
13. 靈魂 lirng-hurn, n., soul;
14. 靈魂 lirng-hurn, n., departed spirit.
15. 靈機 lirng-ji, n., (sudden) inspiration: 靈機一動 a bright idea occurs.
16. 靈柩 lirng-jiouh, n., coffin and scaffold support.
17. 靈芝 lirng-jy, n., a mythic plant of long life.
18. 靈貓 lirng-mau, n., (zoo.) the civet cat (also called 香貓，香貍).
19. 靈敏 lirng-miin, adj., intelligent, quick to respond.
20. 靈牌 lirng-pair, n., spirit tablet.
21. 靈山 lirng-shan, certain fairies’ abode (Buddhist, Taoist).
22. 靈效 lirng-shiauh, n. & adj., efficacy, -cious.
23. 靈性 lirng-shihng, n., man’s spiritual nature.
24. 靈修 lirng-shiou, v.i., to retreat for spiritual contemplation.
25. 靈秀 lirng-shiouh, adj., delicately beautiful (person, landscape).
26. 靈透 lirng-touh, adj., very clever.
27. 靈通 lirng-tung, n., as in 消息靈通 quick, efficient report of news.
28. 靈座 lirng-tzuoh, n., seat of spirit tablet.
29. 靈位 lirng-weih, n., ditto.
30. 靈驗 lirng-yahn, n. & adj. efficacy, -cious (of prayer, medicine).

雪 Num. Index: 31D.30-5 shyuee (*shyueh as an exception; cf. 血 shyueh or shiee ).

N. (1) Snow: 下雪了 it snows;
大雪 heavy snow;
大風雪 snow blizzard;
冰天雪地 snow and icebound, all covered in ice and snow;
冰雪聰明 extreme crystallike intelligence;
雪中送炭 phr., real friend in need—“send coal during sonw”;
雪泥鴻爪 (fig.) human life likened to the life of birds of passage, uncertain or passing travels;
雪兆豐年 snow as an omen of a bumper harvest;
雪上加霜 disasters pile up on one another;
雪肌，雪膚 white smooth skin like sonw;
雪白 shyuee-bair↓.
(2) A surname.

V.i. To wipe away shame, restitute a wrong, rehabilitate a good name: see 雪冤，雪仇，雪恥 shyuee-yuan, shyuee-chour, shyuer-chyy↓;
雪涕，雪淚 wipe away a tear;
雪污 cleanse stains on good name.

Words 1. 雪白 *shyueh-bair, adj., snowwhite.
2. 雪車 shyuee-che, n., sledge, toboggan.
3. 雪青 shyuee-ching, adj., pale mauve color.
4. 雪蛆 shyuee-chyu, n., an edible insect found in 峨嵋 Omei mountains in Szechuan.
5. 雪恥 shyuer-chyy, v.i., to wipe out shame, avenge a former insult or humiliation.
6. 雪膚 shyuee-fu, n., a lady’s snowwhite skin.
7. 雪恨 shyuee-hehn, v.i., to get even with hated enemy.
8. 雪花（兒） shyuee-hua (’l), n., snowflakes;
9. 雪花（兒） shyuee-hua (’l), n.,雪花膏 cold cream, face cream;
10. 雪花（兒） shyuee-hua (’l), n.,雪花石膏 alabaster.
11. 雪肌 shyuee-ji, n. see shyuee-fu↑.
12. 雪茄 shyuee-jia, n., (translit.) cigar.
13. 雪景 shyuer-jiing (shueih-jiing), n., snow landscape.
14. 雪况蕻 shyuer-lii-huhng, n. a kind of leaf mustard, Brassica cernua).
15. 雪柳 shyuer-lioou, n., a wand or staff, wrapped with white paper, held by employed people preceding a funeral procession.
16. 雪梨 shyuee-lir, n., (1) a kind of pear;
17. 雪梨 shyuee-lir, n., (2) a place name, Sydney, Australia.
18. 雪片 shyuee-piahn, n., snowflakes: 函電雪片而來 mail and telegrams pour in like snowflakes.
19. 雪人 shyuee-rern, n., a snow man.
20. 雪線 shyuee-shiahn, n., (geog.) the snow line.
21. 雪鞋 shyuee-shier, n., snowshoes.
22. 雪橇 shyuee-tsueih, n., a sledge.
23. 雪刺 shyuee-tsyh, phr., (LL) white, stubby hair (of old man).
24. 雪衣娘 shyuee-yi-niarng, n., poetic name for a white parrot or cockatoo.
25. 雪冤 shyuee-yuan, v.i., to avenge a wrong.

靂 Num. Index: 31D.30-5 lih .

N. & adj. See 霹^靂 31D.10.

霝 Num. Index: 31D.40-4 lirng .

V.i. (AC) (rain) fall.

Adj. Related to 靈 in 空靈 spaced.

露 Num. Index: 31D.40-4 luh .

N. (1) Dew: 雨露之恩 (poet.) gracious favors;
甘露 sweet dew which nourishes plants.
(2) Essence, fruit juice: 花露水 eau de cologne;
玫瑰露 rose essence, rose wine;
杏仁露 essence of almond, etc.
(3) A surname.

V.t. To leak out, expose, to bare to view: 露臉，露面，露頭兒 show one’s face: 永不露臉 never show one’s face (in public);
露相 (兒) ditto;
露骨 luh-guu↓;
露苗 sprout shows;
露□ (兒) secret (lit. “stuffing”) is exposed;
露馬腳 (a flaw, a lie) unintentionally shows, is exposed;
露齒而笑 laugh openly, grin.

Adj. & adv. Bare, open, in open air: 露天 luh-tian↓;
露宿 pass night in the open: 風餐露宿 exposed to cold and wet (wind and dew) on a journey;
露立 stand in the open;
露臺 luh-tair↓.

Words 1. 露白 louh-bair, phr., (of traveller) reveal silver in pocket or luggage.
2. 露布 luh-buh, n., (1) an unsealed letter;
3. 露布 luh-buh, n., (2) announcement of victory.
4. 露點 luh-diaan, n., (phys.) dewpoint temperature.
5. 露兜樹 luh-dou-shuh, n. a kind of palm, Pandanus odoratissimus.
6. 露骨 luh-guu, (1) phr., to have corpse exposed;
7. 露骨 luh-guu, (2) adj. (of criticism, etc.) blunt, overt, make no bones about s.t.
8. 露珠 luh-ju, n., dewdrops.
9. 露水 luh-shueei, n., dew: 露水夫妻 phr., man and woman not married, meeting secretly (at night in the open).
10. 露臺 luh-tair, n., open terrace.
11. 露天 luh-tian, adj. & adv., openair, outdoor, in the open, unsheltered (theater, movie, concert).
12. 露營 luh-yirng, n. camp in the open.

霑 Num. Index: 31D.40-6 jan .

V.i. & t. (1) To soak with rain (interch. 沾 as in 霑衣，霑濕 see 沾 63A.40 V.i. & t.);
霑醉 drunk like a fish.
(2) Receive benefit, favors: 霑恩，霑惠.

霜 Num. Index: 31D.41-1 shuang .

N. Frost: 結霜，落霜，降霜 form frost;
霜雪 frost and sonw;
霜露 frost and dew benefiting vegetation;
霜天 the cold “frosted” sky;
霜草 frosted grass;
傲霜 “defy frost,” said of chrysanthemum;
(shuang-’l) white powdery coat (as on some persimmons);
symbolic of severity in countenance: 冷若冰霜 (cf. 孀 for widow);
秋霜，霜威 coldness of demeanor.

Adj. White like frost: 霜鬢 frosted or grey temples;
霜鋒 gleaming sword.

Words 1. 霜降 shuang-jiahng, n., a solar term, Oct. 23rd or 24th.

雷 Num. Index: 31D.41-4 leir .

N. (1) Thunder: 雷雨 leir-yuu↓;
打雷 a thunderclap;
雷聲大，雨點小 full of sound and fury but with little action.
(2) Mine: 地雷 a land mine;
水雷 a sea mine;
魚雷 a torpedo.
(3) A surname.

Words 1. 雷鞭 leir-bian, n., a flash of lightning.
2. 雷池 leir-chyr, n. orig., the name of a lake in Anhuei Province: 不能越雷池一步 the utmost limit one can go.
3. 雷打 leir-daa, phr., be struck by lightning (also 雷擊).
4. 雷達 leir-dar, n., radar.
5. 雷電 leir-diahn, n. thunder and lightning.
6. 雷動 leir-duhng, adj., loud-sounding like thunder: 邊境雷動 tumults in border regions;
7. 雷動 leir-duhng, adj., 歡聲雷動 a thundering applause.
8. 雷公 leir-’gung, n., god of thunder, equiv. Thor in Norse mythology.
9. 雷鼓 leir-guu, n., (1) a drum used in anc. times in sacrificing to the celestial god;
10. 雷鼓 leir-guu, n., (2) drum taps.
11. 雷汞 leir-guung, n., (chem.) fulminating powder (same as 雷酸汞).
12. 雷轟 leir-hung, v.i., to sound like thunder.
13. 雷震 leir-jehn, n. the roll of thunder (also 雷鳴).
14. 雷擊 leir-jir¹, v.t. & n., see leir-daa↑.
15. 雷殛 leir-jir², v.t., killed by lightning.
16. 雷厲 leir-lih, adj. & adv., fierce(ly), violent(ly): 雷厲風行 strictest enforcement (of an order, law and regulations).
17. 雷鳴 leir-mirng, n., (1) the roll of thunder;
18. 雷鳴 leir-mirng, n., (2) any loud sound.
19. 雷墨 leir-moh, n., (Chin. med.) a mineral believed to be good for infant cramps.
20. 雷鳥 leir-niaau, n., (zoo.) Lagopus mutus.
21. 雷劈 leir-pi, n., a thunderclap.
22. 雷射 leir-sheh, n., laser: 雷射光線 laster beams.
23. 雷師 leir-shy, n., the god of thunder.
24. 雷霆 leir-tirng, n., thunder: 大發雷霆 break into a furious rage;
25. 雷霆 leir-tirng, n., 雷霆之怒 a thunderous rage.
26. 雷同 leir-turng, v.t., (oft. in plagiarism) identical with another.
27. 雷音 leir-yin, n., (Budd.) the Buddha’s sayings (lit., “the voice of thunder”).
28. 雷雨 leir-yuu, n., a thunderstorm.

霸 Num. Index: 31D.42-2 bah . [Pop. □]

N. Dictator, tyrant;
chief of feudal princes.

V.t. Rule, occupy, by force: 霸天下 rule world by force;
霸諸侯 be overlord of the dukes;
霸奪 bah-duor, 霸據 bah-jyuh, 霸佔 bah-jahn↓;
霸市, dominate, corner the market;
獨霸 dominate (political, literary, commerical world);
爭霸 compete for hegemony;
稱霸 be acknowledged the master or overlord among states.

Adj. Arrogant, tyrannical, belonging to tyrants, see compp.↓.

Words 1. 霸氣 bah-chih, adj. & n., arrogant, -nce.
2. 霸道 bah-dauh, n., rule by force of dictators, contrasted with 王^道 31.11 (Mencius);
3. 霸道 bah-dauh, adj., overbearing;
4. 霸道 bah-dauh, n., violent in action (of med.).
5. 霸奪 bah-duor, v.t., take possession arbitrarily.
6. 霸功 bah-gung, n., accomplishments of dictator, i.e., conquests.
7. 霸佔 bah-jahn, v.t., usurp, occupy illegally (property, inheritance).
8. 霸者 bah-jee, n., a dictator.
9. 霸據 bah-jyuh, v.t., occupy, take possession by force.
10. 霸略 bah-lyueih, n., see bah-shuh↓.
11. 霸術 bah-shuh, n., the strategies of national expansion of dictators.
12. 霸王 bah-warng, n., (AC) chief of feudal princes, self-proclaimed king in time of Warring Kingdoms;
13. 霸王 bah-warng, n., 西楚霸王 assumed title of 項羽 (died 202 B.C);
14. 霸王 bah-warng, n., 坐霸王車 ride bus without ticket.
15. 霸業 bah-yeh, n., ＝霸功 bah-gung↑.

霄 Num. Index: 31D.42-2 shiau .

N. (1) The sky: 凌霄 soar to the skies;
雲霄 the cloudy regions, high up;
霄壤之別 a great difference, as that between heaven and earth.
(2) Var. of 宵 night.

Words 1. 霄漢 shiau-hahn, n., the sky, skies, firmament.

需 Num. Index: 31D.42-3 shyu . [Dist 須 91S.80 must]

N. Need(s): 軍需 army supplies;
需要 shyu-yauh↓.

V.t. Need: 所需 what one needs;
需要 shyu-yauh↓;
必需 must needs have;
急需 need urgently;
需款甚殷 need funds badly.

Prep. (LL) according to: 需次陞用 will be promoted according to qualifications, status.

Words 1. 需求 shyu-chiour, v.i., beg for need;
2. 需求 shyu-chiour, v.i., be in need of;
3. 需求 shyu-chiour, n., need, demand.
4. 需索 shyu-suoo, v.i., look for urgently.
5. 需要 shyu-yauh, (1) v.i. & t., have need of;
6. 需要 shyu-yauh, (2) n., a need;
7. 需要 shyu-yauh, n., necessity: 沒有這個需要 no need or necessity for this.

雩 Num. Index: 31D.50-3 yur (*yuu ).

N. (*yuu) (AC) the rainbow.

V.i. To offer sacrifices and pray for rain.

霧 Num. Index: 31D.50-3 wuh .

N. Mist: 大霧，濃霧 heavy mist;
雲霧 cloud and mist;
霧况看花 have blurred vision;
霧鬢 a lady’s fluffy hair;
墜入五里霧中 completely lost at sea, enveloped in clouded, ill-understood ideas, problems.

Words 1. 霧氣 wuh-’chi, n., mist, haze.
2. 霧縠 wuh-hur, n., formerly, thin, transparent gauze.
3. 霧淞 wuh-sung, n., (MC) icycles formed on trees (modn., coll. 樹掛).

□ Num. Index: 31D.50-5 lirng . [Var. of 靈 31D.30]

雱 Num. Index: 31D.50-6 parng . [Var. □]

Adj. Immense (of clouds).

靄 Num. Index: 31D.50-6 aai .

N. Haze: 暮靄 evening haze;
靄氣 haze over the country.

Adj. Hazy, with diffused light.

□ Num. Index: 31D.50-6 parng .

Adj. Immense (cloud);
pouring (rain).

Words 1. □霈 parng-peih, adj., torrential (rain);
2. □霈 parng-peih, adj., cf. 澎^湃 rushing water, 63A.91.

雰 Num. Index: 31D.50-8 fen .

N. (LL) mist;
atmosphere.

Words 1. 雰雰 fen-fen, adj., misty.
2. 雰圍氣 fen-weir-chih, n., surrounding atmosphere (of fear, suspicion, etc.);
3. 雰圍氣 fen-weir-chih, n., atmosphere surrounding earth.

霉 Num. Index: 31D.50-9 meir .

N. Mold, mildew.

Adj. Mildewed, damp, moldy: 發霉 become mildewed.

Words 1. 霉氣 meir-chih, n., damp.
2. 霉乾菜 meir-gan-tsaih, n., stem of cabbage processed by molding and sun-dried.
3. 霉爛 meir-lahn, adj., spoiled by mildew.
4. 霉天，霉雨 meir-tian, meir-yuu, n., see 梅^天，梅^雨 10B.50.

零 Num. Index: 31D.63-8 lirng . [Usu. printed □]

N. The number zero: 一百零五105;
一千零一十, 1010;
點零零零三 .0003;
一點三 1.3;
零點零二五 0.025.

Adj. (1) Withered: 凋零;
飄零 floating about.
(2) Retail trade: 零賣，零售 lirng-maih, lirng-shouh↓.
(3) Odd: 零頭 (兒) odd lots;
零件，零用 lirng-jiahn, lirng-yuhng↓;
找零兒 give customer small change.

Words 1. 零丁 lirng-ding, adj., alone without relatives (also wr. 伶仃).
2. 零度 lirng-duh, n., zero degree: 零下三度 three degrees below zero.
3. 零活（兒） lirng-huor (’l), n., odd jobs (dist. 靈活 31D.30).
4. 零件 lirng-jiahn, n., (1) odds and ends, accessories;
5. 零件 lirng-jiahn, n., (2) spare parts.
6. 零亂 lirng-luahn, adj., confused, piled together.
7. 零落 lirng-luoh, adj., (of plants) withered, bare without leaves;
8. 零落 lirng-luoh, adj., (2) (family, etc.) in bad circumstances;
9. 零落 lirng-luoh, adj., (3) incomplete in a set.
10. 零賣 lirng-maih, v.i. & t., sell by retail.
11. 零售 lirng-shouh, v.i. & t., ditto.
12. 零數 lirng-shuh, n., (1) the number zero;
13. 零數 lirng-shuh, n., (2) remainder.
14. 零碎（兒） lirng-sueih (’l), n., odd pieces, leftover: 零零碎碎 (adj.) too detailed, not welded together;
15. 零碎（兒） lirng-sueih (’l), (n.) such odd details.
16. 零頭（兒） lirng-tour-’l, n., remainder;
17. 零頭（兒） lirng-tour-’l, n., (cloth) odd lots.
18. 零用 lirng-yuhng, n., sundry expenses;
19. 零用 lirng-yuhng, n., pocket money.

電 Num. Index: 31D.70-4 diahn .

N. & adj. (1) Electric, -ity: usu. 電氣 electricity;
電力 electric power, or force;
發電，生電 generate electricity;
forming many compp. connected with electricity and some merely imagined to be so: see 電瓶 diahn-pirng, 電棒 diahn-bahng, 電驢子 diahn-lyur-tz↓;
動電，靜電 dynamic, static electricity;
正電，負電 positive, negative electricity;
無線電 wireless, radio;
電子 diahn-tzyy↓.
(2) Telegram, short for 電報：急電 urgent telegram;
賀電 telegram of congratulations;
by telegram: 電賀 wire congratulations;
電匯 (business) telegraphic transfer (abbr. T.T.);
電覆 reply by wire.
(3) Lightning: 雷電 thunder and lightning;
風馳電掣 lightning fast.
(4) (Court.) 電察，電照 (sometimes used in correspondence) for your bright consideration.

V.i. & t. To wire, communicate by wire: 電示，電復 wire reply;
電知 inform by wire;
電某人 wire to s.o;
電殛 electrocuted by lightning.

Words 1. 電版 diahn-baan, n., electroplate.
2. 電棒 diahn-bahng, n., portable flashlight.
3. 電報 diahn-bauh, n., telegram, -graph: 發電報 send telegram;
4. 電報 diahn-bauh, n., 電報局 telegraph office;
5. 電報 diahn-bauh, n., 電報重發器 telegraph repeater;
6. 電報 diahn-bauh, n., 電報符號 telegraphic code, or indicator, such as Morse.
7. 電表 diahn-biaau, n., electric meter.
8. 電波 diahn-bo, n., electric waves.
9. 電唱機 diahn-chahng-ji, n., electric phonograph, a record player.
10. 電㪫 diahn-charng, n., elcctric field.
11. 電插頭 diahn-cha-tour, n., socket for electric light or power.
12. 電車 diahn-che, n., tramcar, streetcar, trolley car.
13. 電氣 diahn-chih¹, n., electricity.
14. 電器 diahn-chih², n., electric appliances.
15. 電池 diahn-chyr, n., battery: 乾電池 dry battery.
16. 電傳照相 diahn-chyuarn-jauh-shiahng, n., radiophoto, telephoto;
17. 電傳照相 diahn-chyuarn-jauh-shiahng, n., 電傳打字機 diahn-chyuarn-daa-tzyh-ji, n., teletype.
18. 電導 diahn-dauh, n., electric circuit.
19. 電燈 diahn-deng, n., electric light;
20. 電燈 diahn-deng, n., 電燈炮 diahn-deng-pauh, n., light bulb, globe;
21. 電燈 diahn-deng, n., also unwanted third party accompanying lovers.
22. 電鍍 diahn-duh, n., electroplate.
23. 電動機 diahn-duhng-ji, n., electric motor;
24. 電動機 diahn-duhng-ji, n., 電動力學 electrodynamics;
25. 電動機 diahn-duhng-ji, n., 電動勢 electromotive force.
26. 電杆 diahn-gan, n., telegraph pole, also 電線杆.
27. 電光 diahn-guang, n., light of electricity, lightning.
28. 電荷 diahn-heh, n., electric charge;
29. 電荷 diahn-heh, n., 電荷密度 charge density.
30. 電花 diahn-hua, n., electric spark.
31. 電話 diahn-huah, n., telephone: 打電話 to telephone;
32. 電話 diahn-huah, n., 電話簿 telephone directory;
33. 電話 diahn-huah, n., 電話號碼 telephone number;
34. 電話 diahn-huah, n., 電話亭 telephone booth.
35. 電弧燈 diahn-hur-deng, n., arc lamp.
36. 電解 diahn-jiee, n., electrolysis;
37. 電解 diahn-jiee, 電解液 (or 質) n., electrolyte;
38. 電解 diahn-jiee, 電解分離 n., electrolytic dissociation.
39. 電擊 diahn-jir¹, n., electric shock;
40. 電擊 diahn-jir¹, n., lightning stroke.
41. 電極 diahn-jir², n., electrode.
42. 電纜 diahn-laan, n., electric cable.
43. 電量計 diahn-liahng-jih, n., voltameter.
44. 電療 diahn-liaur, n., electrotherapy.
45. 電力 diahn-lih, n., electric force;
46. 電力 diahn-lih, n., electric power;
47. 電力 diahn-lih, n., 電力線 line of electric force.
48. 電流 diahn-liour, n., electric current;
49. 電流 diahn-liour, n., 電流計 galvanometer;
50. 電流 diahn-liour, n., 電流密度 electric current density;
51. 電流 diahn-liour, n., 直電流 direct current;
52. 電流 diahn-liour, n., 交電流 alternate current.
53. 電鈴 diahn-lirng, n., electric bell.
54. 電路 diahn-luh, n., electric circuit.
55. 電爐 diahn-lur, n., electric stove, furnace.
56. 電驢子 diahn-lyur-tz, n., (sl.) motorcycle.
57. 電碼 diahn-maa, n., telegraphic code.
58. 電門 diahn-mern, n., electric switch.
59. 電木 diahn-muh, n., bakelite.
60. 電腦 diahn-naau, n., storage system in computer, (oft. loosely used of washing machine, etc.).
61. 電鈕 diahn-nioou, n., electric button.
62. 電瓶 diahn-pirng, n., electric cell, storage battery, accumulator;
63. 電瓶 diahn-pirng, n., also (pop.) thermos bottle.
64. 電容 diahn-rurng, n., electric capacity.
65. 電扇 diahn-shahn, n., electric fan.
66. 電線 diahn-shiahn, n., electric wire.
67. 電視 diahn-shyh, n., television.
68. 電石燈 diahn-shyr-deng, n., acetylene lamp.
69. 電學 diahn-shyuer, n., the science of electricity.
70. 電燙 diahn-tahng, n., (of woman’s hair-do) permanent wave.
71. 電臺 diahn-tair, n., radio or television station;
72. 電臺 diahn-tair, n., such broadcast.
73. 電梯 diahn-ti, n., elevator.
74. 電筒 diahn-tuung, n., flashlight, also called 電棒 diahn-bahng↑.
75. 電阻 diahn-tzuu, n., electric resistance: 電阻箱 resistance box;
76. 電阻 diahn-tzuu, n., 電阻係數 specific resistance.
77. 電磁 diahn-tzy, n., electromagnetism;
78. 電磁 diahn-tzy, 電磁鐵 diahn-tzy-tiee, n., electromagnet;
79. 電磁 diahn-tzy, 電磁說 diahn-tzy-shuo, n., theory of electromagnetism;
80. 電磁 diahn-tzy, 電磁波 diahn-tzy-bo, n., electromagnetic wave.
81. 電子 diahn-tzyy, n., electron;
82. 電子 diahn-tzyy, 電子學 diahn-tzyy-shyuer, n., electronics;
83. 電子 diahn-tzyy, 電子顯微鏡 diahn-tzyy-shiaan-weir-jihng, n., electronic microscope;
84. 電子 diahn-tzyy, 電子音樂 electronic music.
85. 電網 diahn-waang, n., charged barbed wire fence.
86. 電位 diahn-weih, n., electric potential.
87. 電壓 diahn-ya, n., electric pressure, voltage.
88. 電眼 diahn-yaan, n., magic eye.
89. 電椅 diahn-yii, n., eletric chair.
90. 電影（兒） diahn-ying (’l), n., movie;
91. 電影（兒） diahn-ying (’l), n., 有聲電影 talkie;
92. 電影（兒） diahn-ying (’l), n., 電影明星 movie star.

霓 Num. Index: 31D.70-9 nir .

N. A rainbow (also wr. 蜺).

Words 1. 霓虹燈 nir-hurng-deng, n., neon lamp.
2. 霓旌 nir-jing, n., a banner of multicolored feathers.

雹 Num. Index: 31D.70-9 baur (re. pr. *bor ).

N. Hail: 下雹子 it hails;
oft. 冰雹.

霙 Num. Index: 31D.81-2 ying .

N. (AC) (1) sleet.
(2) snowflakes.

霰 Num. Index: 31D.82-2 shiahn .

N. Sleet.

霞 Num. Index: 31D.82-5 shiar .

N. Rosy cloud: 晚霞 rosy sunset;
朝霞 morning glow;
彩霞 roseate clouds.

Words 1. 霞帔 shiar-peih¹, n., scarf over jacket for bride or lady on formal occasions.
2. 霞珮 shiar-peih², n., ladies’ pendants.

雯 Num. Index: 31D.82-6 wern .

N. Cloud patterns.

霆 Num. Index: 31D.83-9 tirng .

N. Thunderbolt: 雷霆 crash of thunder, symbolic of anger: 雷霆之怒 (之威).

雲 Num. Index: 31D.93-3 yurn .

N. (1) Cloud(s): 浮雲 floating clouds;
彩雲 clouds of many colors;
雲彩 yurn-tsaai↓;
祥雲 clouds that are lucky omens;
雲霧 yurn-wuh, 雲雨 yurn-yuu↓;
雲消霧散 sky has cleared up, oft. (fig.) (of fears, worries) clear up, disappear;
雲山霧罩 extravagant and baseless talk;
雲起龍驤 the rise of great heroes;
雲譎波詭 sudden and perplexing changes, also changing kaleidoscopically;
symbol of multitudes: 雲集 swarm about;
僕從如雲 myriads of servants, retinue.
(2) Short for 雲南 Yunnan Province: 雲腿 Yunnan ham;
雲貴 Yunnan and Kweichow.
(3) A surname.

Words 1. 雲鬢 yurn-bihn, n., lady’s hair.
2. 雲車 yurn-che, n., (AC) a high carriage.
3. 雲橋 yurn-chiaur, n., ladder with scaffolding (for storming city).
4. 雲氣 yurn-chih, n., cloud mists.
5. 雲衢 yurn-chyur, n., formerly, main highway in capital city.
6. 雲（□）豆 yurn(biaan)douh, n., a kind of bean.
7. 雲端 yurn-duan, phr., high in the clouds.
8. 雲海 yurn-haai, n., a sea of clouds.
9. 雲漢 yurn-hahn, n., the Milky Way.
10. 雲鬟 yurn-huarn, n., a lady’s hair.
11. 雲章 yurn-jang, n., (LL) an emperor’s handwriting.
12. 雲際 yurn-jih¹, phr., high in the clouds.
13. 雲髻 yurn-jih², n., a lady’s hair-coil.
14. 雲集 yurn-jir, v.i., swarm about together.
15. 雲羅 yurn-lour¹, n., sheets of clouds.
16. 雲鑼 yurn-luor², n., a set of small gongs.
17. 雲履 yurn-lyuu, n. shoes with wavy cloud patterns.
18. 雲母 yurn-muu, n., (geol.) mica.
19. 雲泥 yurn-nir¹, phr., great difference in status (clouds and mud).
20. 雲霓 yurn-nir², n., (AC) clouds presaing rainstorm.
21. 雲片糕 yurn-piahn-gau, n., a kind of Chin. wafers.
22. 雲擾 yurn-raau, v.t., to disturb.
23. 雲仍 yurn-rerng, n. distant greatgrandchildren (cf. 孫 32S.01).
24. 雲霞 yurn-shiar, n., beautiful clouds;
25. 雲霞 yurn-shiar, n., 雲霞之交 (LL) highminded friendship.
26. 雲霄 yurn-shiau, n., the sky, the region of clouds.
27. 雲實 yurn-shyr, n., (bot.) the Mysore thorn, Caesalpinia sepiaria.
28. 雲梯 yurn-ti, n. see yurn-chiaur↑.
29. 雲天 yurn-tian, n., high regions of the clouds.
30. 雲頭 yurn-tour, phr., the clouds;
31. 雲頭 yurn-tour, phr., 雲頭兒 wavy cloud pattern.
32. 雲彩 yurn-’tsai, n., clouds, beautiful clouds.
33. 雲霧 yurn-wuh, n., cloudy mist, haze.
34. 雲吞 yurn-tun, n., Chin. ravioli, wonton, (also 餛吞).
35. 雲煙 yurn-yan, n., cloud and mist;
36. 雲煙 yurn-yan, n., s.t. which vanishes quickly.
37. 雲液 yurn-yeh¹, n., (LL) wine.
38. 雲葉 yurn-yeh², n., (bot.) Euptelea polyandra.
39. 雲遊 yurn-your, v.i., to travel about or abroad in freedom.
40. 雲雨 yurn-yuu, n., (1) favors, blessings from on high;
41. 雲雨 yurn-yuu, n., (2) (euphem.) sexul intercourse (from allu., a fairy maiden in the Szechuan Gorges who commanded the clouds and rains).

霎 Num. Index: 31D.93-6 shah .

N. (1) Light drizzle.
(2) A wink, blink.

Words 1. 霎霎 shah-shah, adj., descriptive of sound of drizzling rain.
2. 霎時 shah-shyr, adv., a short moment (time of batting an eye).

耐 Num. Index: 31S.00-1 naih .

V.t. Bear, endure: 耐勞 can endure hardships;
耐煩 naih-farn↓;
耐時 wait patiently for an opportune moment;
耐心煩 (兒) bear annoyance patiently;
耐不住 cannot bear it.

Adj. (1) (Adj. & n.) patient, -nce, tolerant, -ce, having resistance: 忍耐 patient or tolerant;
不耐 impatient or intolerant;
耐寒 resistant (-ce) to cold;
能耐 n., ability, staying power.
(2) Enduring: 耐用，耐久 capable of standing wear and tear;
耐人尋味 stand careful reading or pondering about;
耐嚼 (of food) tasty and savory.

Words 1. 耐煩 naih-farn, v.i., have patience.
2. 耐火磚 naih-huoo-juan, n., firebrick made to resist heat, as in chimneys, fireplaces, etc.
3. 耐性 naih-shihng, n., patience.
4. 耐心 naih-shin, n., ditto.

列 Num. Index: 31S.00-2 lieh .

N. (1) Row: 行列 row or column;
第三列 the third row (＝排).
(2) A surname.

V.i. To arrange in order, form line, to enter in list: 列名 to enter or appear on a list of persons;
列單 make out list (of goods, invited guests, candidates, etc.);
列坐 be seated in a row with others;
列成隊伍 (mil.) to fail in, form company;
列於 be named, appear on (list);
左列 as appears below.

Adj. Prefaced to nn., signifying a group: 列星 the stars;
列宿 the constellations;
列強，列島 lieh-chiarng, lieh-daau↓;
列肆 group of shops together;
列位 (used in public address): “ladies and gentlemen,” those of you here.

Adv. Instance after instance: 列舉人名，罪狀 give list of names, counts of crimes.

Words 1. 列車 lieh-che, n., railroad train, a train of wagons.
2. 列強 lieh-chiarng, n., the Great Powers.
3. 列島 lieh-daau, n., archipelago.
4. 列鼎 lieh-diing, n., (LL, rare) great feast.
5. 列國 lieh-guor, n., the different countries: 春秋列國 the city states of time of Confucius.
6. 列傳 lieh-juahn, n., biographies, esp. section on biographies in different dynastic histories.
7. 列列 lieh-lieh, adj., clearly shown in order;
8. 列列 lieh-lieh, adj., big in stature;
9. 列列 lieh-lieh, adj., sound of wind.
10. 列女 lieh-nyuu, n., famous women in history (see 烈^女 31.63).
11. 列席 lieh-shir, v.i., (1) be present at meeting;
12. 列席 lieh-shir, v.i., (2) be observer at conference.
13. 列士 lieh-shyh, n., (1) (AC) the gentry, a class below 大夫;
14. 列士 lieh-shyh, n., (2) u.f. 烈^士 31.63.
15. 列氏表 lieh-shyh-biaau, n., R箢umur’s thermometer.
16. 列土 lieh-tuu, v.i., (AC) to divide into fiefdoms, given to royal princes.

刑 Num. Index: 31S.00-2 shirng . [Var. □]

N. Punishment: 邢罰，刑事，刑法 shirng-far, shirng-shyh, shirng-faa↓;

N. 刑訊 shirng-shyuhn↓;
處刑 mete out, submit to punishment;
徒刑，死刑 sentence to hard labor, to death;
笞刑 punishment by whipping;
紋刑 punishment by strangling;
酷刑 torture, third degree;
上刑 “put on the works”(shackles, whipping, etc.);
緩刑 suspend execution of sentence, delay punishment;
受刑不過 could not stand the torture (and confessed).

Words 1. 刑㪫 shirng-chaang, n., execution ground.
2. 刑臣 shirng-chern, n., (AC) eunuch (lit., “castrated officer”).
3. 刑典 shirng-diaan, n., criminal code.
4. 刑法 shirng-faa, n., criminal law.
5. 刑罰 shirng-far, v.t. & n., to punish, -ment.
6. 刑房 shirng-farng, n., formerly, department of criminal prosecution.
7. 刑杖 shirng-jahng, n., staff used for thrashing.
8. 刑章 shirng-jang, n., see shirng-diaan↑.
9. 刑具 shirng-jyuh, n., instruments of torture.
10. 刑戮 shirng-luh, v.t., to kill as punishment.
11. 刑律 shirng-lyuh, n., see shirng-faa↑.
12. 刑名 shirng-mirng, n., (1) (AC) law, esp. criminal laws;
13. 刑名 shirng-mirng, n., 刑名之學 (philosophy of legalist school, e.g., 韓非);
14. 刑名 shirng-mirng, n., (2) 刑名師爺 formerly, government secretary, who is specialist in law, known for skillful use of a judicious word to incriminate people (深文，周納).
15. 刑人 shirng-rern, n., (AC) a person permanently crippled or disfigured by punishment.
16. 刑賞 shirng-shaang, n., the administration of justice (“punishment and award”).
17. 刑書 shirng-shu, n., (AC) book of criminal laws.
18. 刑事 shirng-shyh, adj. & n., pertaining to crimes, criminal (act, case);
19. 刑事 shirng-shyh, adj. & n., 刑事訴訟法 code of criminal procedure.
20. 刑訊 shirng-shyuhn, v.i. & n., cross-examination with application of torture.
21. 刑庭 shirng-tirng, n., criminal court.
22. 刑網 shirng-waang, phr., the long arm of the law.
23. 刑問 shirng-wehn, v.i. & n., see shirng-shyuhn↑.
24. 刑餘 shirng-yur, n., (1) (AC) eunuch, see shirng-chern↑;
25. 刑餘 shirng-yur, n., (2) (AC) exconvict.

刵 Num. Index: 31S.00-2 ehl .

V.t. To lop off the ear, an anc. punishment.

到 Num. Index: 31S.00-2 dauh .

V.i & t. (1) Arrive: 到家 arrive at home, also see dauh-jia↓;
已經到了 have arrived;
時間到了 the (appointed) time has come.
(2) Go to (destination): 到日本去 go to Japen;
到那况去 where are you going?
(3) 到過 been to;
沒到過 have never been to.

Vb. complement. Showing completed action: 看到，聽到 see, hear (as dist. look, listen);
收到 have received, 找到 have found;
來到 come to;
拿到 got hold of;
做不到 cannot do it;
想得到，做得到 what he wanted to do, he accomplished;
想不到 never thought or imagined that;
夢想不到 never dreamed (that).

Prep. At, up to , upon: 到次日 upon the next day;
到今天 up to today;
到此（地）為止 stop here;
到處 dauh-chuh↓.

Words 1. 到案 dauh-ahn, v.i., appear at court.
2. 到岸價格 dauh-ahn-jiah-ger, n., cost, insurance and freight (c.i.f.)
3. 到差 dauh-chai, v.i., arrive at post, appear for duty.
4. 到㪫 dauh-charng, v.i., be present (at party, meeting).
5. 到期 dauh-chir, phr., when time is due;
6. 到期 dauh-chir, phr.,到期日 date of maturity.
7. 到處 dauh-chuh, adv., everywhere: 到處去找 look for it everywhere.
8. 到達 dauh-dar, v.t., reach: 到達某地 reach certain place;
9. 到達 dauh-dar, v.t., 到達目的 reach goal.
10. 到得 dauh-der, conj., until, as soon as: 到得那個時候 when that time arrives.
11. 到底 dauh-dii, adv., (1) after all: 到底不是壞 after all this is not a bad thing;
12. 到底 dauh-dii, adv., 到底沒錯after all there was nothing wrong;
13. 到底 dauh-dii, adv., (2) to the end: 抗戰到底 fight to the bitter end.
14. 到家 dauh-jia, (1) adj., (of art, artist) accomplished, skilled, proficient;
15. 到家 dauh-jia, (2) v.i., come home.
16. 到了 dauh-liaau, v.i., (1) dauh-’le, arrive: 到了那個時候 when the time comes;
17. 到了 dauh-liaau, v.i., (2) 到了兒 dauh-liau-’l, adv. phr., in the end.
18. 到任 dauh-rehn, v.i., assume post.
19. 到手 dauh-shoou, phr., succeed in getting: 錢拿到手 have money in hand;
20. 到手 dauh-shoou, phr., 弄不到手 fail in getting.
21. 到頭來 dauh-tour-lair, adv., phr., in the end (lose everything, etc.).

□ Num. Index: 31S.00-2 huah . [Pop of 劃 22S.00]

剄 Num. Index: 31S.00-2 jiing .

V.i. To cut the throat: 自剄 commit suicide by slashing the throat.

剽 Num. Index: 31S.00-2 piauh .

V.t. (1) To rob, take what is not one’s won.
(2) (AC) slice off (property).

Adj. (AC, of animals) fast, agile.

Words 1. 剽剝 piauh-bo, v.t., (AC) attack (doctrine, etc.).
2. 剽竊 piauh-chieh, v.t. & n., plagiarize, -ism.
3. 剽輕 piauh-ching, adj., blusterirg, combative (youth).
4. 剽悍 piauh-haan, adj., warlike.
5. 剽劫 piauh-jier, v.t., roam and rob.
6. 剽疾 piauh-jir, adj., fast (fighter, etc.).
7. 剽掠 piauh-lyueh, v.t., loot the country.

□ Num. Index: 31S.00-2 suoo . [Abbr. of 所 90S.22]

殍 Num. Index: 31S.00-9 piaau . [Var. 莩]

N Exposed bodies of those who died from starvation.

殊 Num. Index: 31S.01-1 shu .

Adj. (1) Different: 殊異，殊別 shu-yih, shu-bier↓;
特殊 special (circumstances, etc.);
殊途同歸 different roads lead to the same goal (“all roads lead to Rome”).
(2) Excellent, distinguished, unusual: 殊色 outstanding beauty;
殊功，殊勳，殊績 outstanding, notable service;
殊能 unusual ability;
殊恩，殊遇 uncommon royal or imperial favors.

Adv. (1) Indeed: oft. 殊屬，殊為，殊非，殊難, etc.;
殊為不該 (s.t.) is indeed wrong, improper;
殊屬非是 ditto;
殊非原意 that was not (my) original intention;
殊難解決 indeed difficult to settle or decide.
(2) Very: 殊久 (LL) very long;
殊念 deeply miss (s.o.).

Words 1. 殊別 shu-bier, adj., different.
2. 殊等 shu-deeng, n., special class.
3. 殊方 shu-fang, phr., different places, distant places.
4. 殊功 shu-gung, n., distinguished service.
5. 殊技 shu-jih, n., excellent skill.
6. 殊絕 shu-jyuer, adj., rare, distinguished (art, talent).
7. 殊科 shu-ke, n., different category.
8. 殊類 shu-leih, n., different tribe, type.
9. 殊力 shu-lih, n., special effort, see shu-syy↓.
10. 殊禮 shu-lii, n., special, privileged treatment.
11. 殊能 shu-nerng, n., special skill.
12. 殊派 shu-paih, n., different school, clan or party.
13. 殊榮 shu-rurng, n., unusual honor.
14. 殊勝 shu-shehng, adj., (LL) unusual, meritorious.
15. 殊效 shu-shiauh, n., marked efficacy.
16. 殊行 shu-shirng, n., admirable, distinctive conduct or character.
17. 殊選 shu-shyuaan, adj., select, out of common run (of men).
18. 殊俗 shu-sur, (1) n., different custom;
19. 殊俗 shu-sur, (2) adj., unconventional (character).
20. 殊死 shu-syy, adj., as in 殊死力 utmost effort;
21. 殊死 shu-syy, adj., 殊死戰 heroic fight, fight to the death.
22. 殊態 shu-taih, n., distinctive manner.
23. 殊異 shyu-yih, adj., distinctive.
24. 殊尤 shu-your, adj., ditto.
25. 殊域 shu-yuh¹, n., distant regions.
26. 殊遇 shu-yuh², n., unusual honor or recognition.

瑧 Num. Index: 31S.01-1 jen .

V.t. (LL) to attain (a height), to realize (a high ideal): 已瑧上乘 arrive at excellent or superior condition;
曷克瑧此 how could this be otherwise attained (without s.o.’s help)?

□ Num. Index: 31S.02-8 sun . [Pop. of 飧 92S.02]

殫 Num. Index: 31S.10-4 dan .

V.t. (LL) give all one has got (＝vern. 盡）：殫心，殫力 (＝盡心，盡力) give all one konws, all of one’s strength;
殫竭其力 ditto;
殫精（思）竭慮 think of everything one can (to do).

殣 Num. Index: 31S.11-2 jiin (also jihn ).

V.i & t. (AC) (1) V.i., die of hunger, starve to death.
(2) V.t., bury, inter, entomb.

殢 Num. Index: 31S.22-2 tih .

Adj. Tired, fatigued.

邛 Num. Index: 31S.22-3 chyurng .

N. (AC) a hillock;
labor.

Words 1. 邛杖 chyurng-jahng, n., a bamboo cane.

邗 Num. Index: 31S.22-3 harn .

N. (1) Name of a river.
(2) A surname.

邢 Num. Index: 31S.22-3 shirng .

N. A surname.

邳 Num. Index: 31S.22-3 Peir .

N. (1) 邳縣 Peir-shiahn, name of district.
(2) A surname.

郅 Num. Index: 31S.22-3 jyh .

N. A surname.

Adj. (AC) var. of 至 very, ultimate: 郅治 (＝至治) complete peace;
郅盛 (＝至盛) great prosperity.

耶 Num. Index: 31S.22-3 yer (*ye ).

Fin. part. (LL) used in interrogation: 是耶，非耶 is it true or is it not? (also wr. 邪).

Words 1. 耶和華 Ye-her-huar, n., Jehovah.
2. 耶路撒冷 Ye-luh-sa-leeng, n., Jerusalem.
3. 耶魯 Ye-luu, n., Yale.
4. 耶穌 Ye-su, Jesus;
5. 耶穌 Ye-su, n., 耶穌教 Christianity, the Christian religion or church.

鄢 Num. Index: 31S.22-3 yan .

N. A surname.

豨 Num. Index: 31S.22-8 shi .

N. (AC) hog.

聊 Num. Index: 31S.22-9 liaur .

V.i. (1) To chat idly: 請多聊一會 please stay and chat a while yet;
聊天，聊聊 liaur-tian, liaur-’liau↓.
(2) To endure: 聊賴 liaur-laih↓;
民不聊生 the people find it hard to live on;
無聊 adj., bored, oppressed, find time idle, also boring, (play, performance) most unintersting: 無聊的很 (of meeting, play) boring;
beneath concern: 這個人太無聊 this person is not worth keeping company with, is a bore.

Adv. Rather, just, just a little: 聊勝於無 better than nothing;
聊陳愚見 just express my opinion;
聊勝一等 just a little better;
聊以助興 just for entertainment;
聊以自慰 comfort oneself with thought.

Words 1. 聊且 liaur-chiee, adv., just, see Adv.↑.
2. 聊浪 liaur-lahng, adj., (AC) unrestratined, wandering freely.
3. 聊賴 liaur-laih, v.i., to endure (boredom): 百無聊賴 be completely bored, despondent.
4. 聊聊 liaur-’liau, v.i., have a chat.
5. 聊天（兒） liaur-tian (liaur-tia-’l), v.i., chat idly (＝談天).

聯 Num. Index: 31S.22-9 liarn . [Abbr. □，□; pop. □ dist. 連 10.83 with same pr., “combine,” “continue”, 聯 “unite”]

N. Couplet, written or inscribed, oft. hung up as decoration: 對聯 couplet;
輓聯 scroll of condolence;
門聯 couplet on door panels;
楹聯 couplet on posts;
春聯 New Year couplet.

V.i. To unite;
hence oft. in p.p. form, “United” (name of company, etc.).

Words 1. 聯保 liarn-baau, v.i., system of making two or more persons responsible for one another’s action.
2. 聯邦 liarn-bang, adj. & n., federal, confederate, -acy, federation: 聯邦政府 federal government.
3. 聯璧 liarn-bih, n., see 連^璧 10.83.
4. 聯大 liarn-dah, n., short for 聯合國大會 United Nations General Assembly.
5. 聯單 liarn-dan, n., duplicate or joint forms for receipt, etc.
6. 聯貫 liarn-guahn, v.i. & n., continue, -uity: 不相聯貫 disjointed.
7. 聯合 liarn-her, v.i., unite(d);
8. 聯合 liarn-her, v.i., 聯合國 United Nations (UN);
9. 聯合 liarn-her, v.i., 聯合國大會 General Assembly of the UN (GA);
10. 聯合 liarn-her, v.i., 聯合國安全理事會 Security Council of the UN (SC);
11. 聯合 liarn-her, v.i., 聯合國憲章 Charter of the UN;
12. 聯合 liarn-her, v.i., 聯合國教科文組織 United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO);
13. 聯合 liarn-her, v.i., 聯合國糧農組織 Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN(FAO);
14. 聯合 liarn-her, v.i., 聯合政府 coalition government.
15. 聯歡 liarn-huan, n., social get-together: 聯歡會 get-together party.
16. 聯軍 liarn-jyun, n., the allied troops.
17. 聯絡 liarn-luoh, v.i., to get in touch with each other, keep in contact, (also wr. 連絡);
18. 聯絡 liarn-luoh, v.i., 聯絡官(員) liaison officer.
19. 聯袂 liarn-meih, adv., as in 聯袂而來 arrive together as a group (lit., “joining sleeves”).
20. 聯盟 liarn-merng, v.i., ally oneself with;
21. 聯盟 liarn-merng, v.i., n., alliance;
22. 聯盟 liarn-merng, v.i., 國際聯盟 League of Nations.
23. 聯□ liarn-miarn, adv., (come) in close succession, in continuous stream.
24. 聯名 liarn-mirng, phr., with joint signatures.
25. 聯翩 liarn-pian, adv., see liarn-miarn↑.
26. 聯票 liarn-piauh, n., coupon with connection tickets for journey.
27. 聯想 liarn-shiaang, v.i. & n., by association of thought, mental association: 我聯想到 remind one of s.t.
28. 聯繫 liarn-shih, n. & v.i., connection;
29. 聯繫 liarn-shih, n. & v.i., make connection (with person) for some business.
30. 聯席 liarn-shir, phr., at the same table;
31. 聯席 liarn-shir, phr., 聯席會議 joint session or conference.
32. 聯手 liarn-shoou, v.i., join hands (with person).
33. 聯屬 liarn-shuu¹, v.i., belong together.
34. 聯署 liarn-shuu², v.i., give joint signatures.
35. 聯宗 liarn-tzung, v.i., combined branches of clan.
36. 聯誼 liarn-yih, n., fellowship;
37. 聯誼 liarn-yih, n., 聯誼會 social, fellowship party.
38. 聯姻 liarn-yin, v.i., be related by marriage.
39. 聯營 liarn-yirng, n., joint management;
40. 聯營 liarn-yirng, n., 聯營事業 enterprise by joint investment (government and private);
41. 聯營 liarn-yirng, n., 聯營公司 affiliated company.

殖 Num. Index: 31S.30-1 jyr . [Usu. printed 殖]

N. Plantation: 種殖，種殖園.

V.t. (1) To cultivate crops, to plant: 移殖 transplant (trees, heart, kidney).
(2) To trade, “grow” in business: 貨殖 commerce;
殖財，殖利 trade for profit;
增殖 expand business;
殖產 business property.
(3) 生殖，蕃殖 (of plants and animals) to grow and multiply;
生殖器 sexual organs.
(4) To settle population: 殖民 jyr-mirn↓.

Words 1. 殖民 jyr-mirn, n., colonization (policy);
2. 殖民 jyr-mirn, n., 殖民地 n. & adj., colony, colonial (government, policy, people).

殪 Num. Index: 31S.30-1 yih .

V.i. & t. (AC) to die;
to kill.

㘹 Num. Index: 31S.30-2 chyy . [Pop. of 恥 31S.72]

殭 Num. Index: 31S.30-3 jiang .

Adj. Dead but not yet putrefied: 殭巴 dry and shriveled;
殭斃 jiang-bih, 殭屍 jiang-shy, 殭蠶 jiang-tsarn↓;
死而不殭 dead but showing no signs of rigor mortis.

Words 1. 殭斃 jiang-bih, adj., dead and stiff.
2. 殭屍 jiang-shy, n., a vampire, a reanimated corpse.
3. 殭蠶 jiang-tsarn, n. silkworms that die before spinning.

殛 Num. Index: 31S.30-3 jir .

V.t. (AC) to kill: 殛鯀於禹山 executed Guun at Yushan;
遭雷殛 (LL) struck by lightning.

殂 Num. Index: 31S.30-4 tsur .

V.i. To die: 殂落 (AC, of ruler) pass away.

聒 Num. Index: 31S.40-9 gua .

Adj. (Of noise) loud and confusing: 聒耳 deafening to the ear.

Words 1. 聒聒叫 gua-gua-jiauh, adj., (Shanghai) (of things, persons) the best there is.
2. 聒絮 gua-shyuh, v.i., babble endlessly.
3. 聒噪 gua-tzauh, v.i. & adj., make disturbing noises (as birds);
4. 聒噪 gua-tzauh, v.i. & adj., boisterous and clamorous.

殆 Num. Index: 31S.40-9 daih .

Adj. (1) Dangerous: 殆哉 (exclam.) dangerous indeed;
思而不學則殆 (Confu.) thinking without reading makes one flighty (學而不思則罔 reading without thinking makes one muddled).
(2) Tired, exhausted: 力殆 strength exhausted.

Adv. (LL) almost, it is feared: 存款殆盡 cash is almost exhaused;
殆存 (s.t.) barely exists;
其愚殆不可及 the foolishness, I am afraid is unmatched.

豬 Num. Index: 31S.41-1 ju . [Pop. □]

N. Pig, hog: 公豬，母豬 male, female pig;
豬毛 pig’s bristle;
豬肉 pork;
豬油 pork fat, used in cooking;
豬肝 liver of pig, etc.;
野豬 boar;
豬仔 ju-tzaai↓;
豬玀 ju-luor↓;
swine (a term of abuse), symbol of stupidity, but not of gluttony or filth as in Eng.: 蠢豬 pigheaded person;
豬狗不如 worse than pigs or dogs, like a swine.

Words 1. 豬公 ju-gung, n., male pig.
2. 豬□ ju-huan, n., (zoo.) the badger.
3. 豬圈 ju-jyuahn, n., a pigpen.
4. 豬欄 ju-larn, n., a pigpen.
5. 豬苓 ju-lirng, n., a kind of “China root.”
6. 豬玀 ju-luor, n., (abusive) swine.
7. 豬籠草 ju-lurng-tsaau, n., the pitcher plant, Nepenthes Rafflesiana.
8. 豬婆龍 ju-por-lurng, n., a giant sea turtle, giant tortoise.
9. 豬頭三 ju-tour-san, n., (Shanghai coll.) fool, “pig head.”
10. 豬仔 ju-tzaai, n., (1) (Cantonese) a piglet;
11. 豬仔 ju-tzaai, n., (2) victim of slave trade, sold and shipped abroad as cheap labor.
12. 豬鬃 ju-tzung, n., pig’s bristles.

聃 Num. Index: 31S.42-2 dan . [Var. □]

N. Personal name of Laotse: 老聃.

聘 Num. Index: 31S.50-2 pihn (*pihng ).

N. & v.t. (1) Appoint: 聘為 invite as;
聘為顧問，教授 appoint as advisor, professor;
延聘，邀聘，徵聘 invite, appoint (teacher, etc.);
應聘 accept appointment;
聘請，聘任，聘用 pihn-chiing, pihn-rehn, pihn-yuhng↓.
(2) (*pihng) Betroth, -thal: 定聘 formally betroth;
(also pihn) (AC) be married to;
出聘 (於) be married to;
聘禮，聘金 pihn-lii, pihn-jin↓.
(3) (LL) diplomatic mission between countries.

Words 1. 聘妻 pihn-chi, n., fianc𦱿.
2. 聘請 pihn-chiing, v.t., appoint (person) as: 聘請教授，專家 appoint professor, specialist.
3. 聘姑娘 pihn-gu-’niang or *pihng-gu-’niang, v.t., maary a girl off.
4. 聘金 pihn-jin, n., gift of groom’s family to family of betrothed.
5. 聘禮 pihn-lii, ditto.
6. 聘任 pihn-rehn, v.t., appoint to post, used as pihn-chiing↑.
7. 聘書 pihn-shu, n., letter of appointment.
8. 聘使 pihn-shyy, n., (AC) diplomatic missions.
9. 聘用 pihn-yuhng, v.t., see pihn-chiing, pihn-rehn↑.

巧 Num. Index: 31S.50-3 chiaau .

N. (1) Small skills: 技巧 skillful, also skills;
巧奪天工 divine skill.
(2) Seventh day of seventh lunar month: 巧夕 chiaau-shih↓.

Adj. (1) Intelligent, clever, skillful: 靈巧 clever (handicaraft, mind);
巧思 a clever thought;
巧言 clever words;
巧語 a clever saying;
巧計 clever strategy: 巧工 clever art work;
巧匠 clever carpenter or artisan;
巧手 a skillful hand, artisan;
巧婦難為無米之炊 even a clever woman cannot cook a meal without rice;
巧發奇中 a clever, penetrating remark.
(2) Artful, deceiving: 巧詐 chiaau-jah↓;
巧辯 specious argument;
花言巧語 a lot of artful talk, pretty words;
奸巧 deceitful (person);
巧言令色鮮矣仁 (Confu.) artful speech and flashy manners seldom indicate a real man;
取巧 do things by irregular ways;
巧吏，巧宦 clever politician.

Adv. (1) Cleverly: 巧詆 criticize or attack artfully.
(2) Fortuitously, by a happy chance: 巧遇 extraordinary meeting (of a person);
巧合 strangely fits (prophecy, etc.);
恰巧 ditto;
see 巧當兒 chiaau-dang-’l↓;
湊巧 it happens by luck;
趕巧兒 at the most opportune moment (s.o. arrives, etc.);
巧極了，巧得很 what a coincidence! 這可巧了 this is indeed an extraordinary (meeting, etc.);
不巧 unfortunately.

Words 1. 巧當兒 chiaau-dang-’l, adv. & n., by a good chance, a chance opportunity.
2. 巧故 chiaau-guh, n., (AC) artful deceit.
3. 巧詐 chiaau-jah, adj., deceitful.
4. 巧勁兒 chiaau-jieh-’l, n., (1) great skill (usu. manual);
5. 巧勁兒 chiaau-jieh-’l, n., (2) unexpected meeting, event.
6. 巧捷 chiaau-jier, adj., skillful, fast.
7. 巧計 chiaau-jih, n., clever stratagem, trick.
8. 巧妙 chiaau-miauh, adj., wonderful (turn of events, art work).
9. 巧舌 chiaau-sher, n., clever words.
10. 巧夕 chiaau-shih, see the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, see 七^夕 70.70.
11. 巧宗兒 chiaau-tzung-’l, n., a piece of good luck: 是巧宗兒，你們都得了 if good luck comes, you all will share it.

功 Num. Index: 31S.50-9 gung .

N. (1) Achievements, accomplishments: 功名 gung-mirng, 功德 gung-der, 功勞 gung-’laur, 功勳gung-shyun, 功利 gung-lih¹, 功績 gung-jir, 功業 gung-yeh↓;
功虧一簣 just one step short of success or completion;
功不補過 demerits outweigh merits;
徒勞無功 make futile efforts;
功成身退 retire affer having made one’s mark;
成功 success;
有功 deserving of recognition for services rendered;
立功 accomplish a great service or achivement.
(2) Efficacy, good results: 功效 gung-shiauh, 功用 gung-yuhng, 功能 gung-nerng, 功力 gung-lih²↓.
(3) Action deserving reward, merit (opp. 過 demerit): 記功, give mark of credit;
紀功碑 memorial tablet.
(4) (Phys.) work.
(5) A mourning garment: 功服 gung-fur↓.

Words 1. 功臣 gung-chern, n., formerly, loyal ministers with a record of distinguished service, (fig.) anyone who has rendered great service.
2. 功德 gung-der, n., (1) an achievement or contribution 功德無量 a great service to mankind;
3. 功德 gung-der, n., (2) (Budd.) meritorious works.
4. 功夫 gung-’fu, n., (1) (interch. 工夫) time and energy expended on work;
5. 功夫 gung-’fu, n., (2) degree of perfection attained in any line of work: 功夫甚深 knowledge of subject is profound.
6. 功服 gung-fur, n., formerly, a mourning garment worn for nine months in case of 大功 and for five months in that of 小功.
7. 功架 gung-jiah, n., (1) a person’s conduct and carriage;
8. 功架 gung-jiah, n., (2) an acctor’s movements and gestures on stage.
9. 功績 gung-jir, n., merits, contributions.
10. 功課 gung-keh, n., lessons, studies (also 工課).
11. 功勞 gung-’laur, n., meritorious services, contribution (great, small) to work, nation, etc.
12. 功利 gung-lih¹, n., utility, material gain: 功利主義 utilitarianism.
13. 功力 gung-lih², n., (1) merits, efficacy;
14. 功力 gung-lih², n., (2) (coll.) force and skill, esp. in regard to training.
15. 功率 gung-lyuh, n., (phys.) power, degree of power.
16. 功名 gung-mirng, n., formerly, offcial honor or rank, esp. academic degrees in civil examinations.
17. 功能 gung-nerng, n., function, skill, ability.
18. 功效 gung-shiauh, n., effect (-iveness), efficacy (of medicine, etc.).
19. 功勳 gung-shyun, n., services to the nation.
20. 功業 gung-yeh, n., outstanding accomplishments to nation or society.
21. 功用 gung-yuhng, n., purpose, function;
22. 功用 gung-yuhng, n., efficacy.

勁 Num. Index: 31S.50-9 jihng (sp. pr. jihn ).

N. Physical strength, force: 勁頭 jihng-tour, 勁兒 jieh-’l↓.

Adj. (1) Strong, tough, powerful: 強勁 sturdy, stout, hardy: 勁敵 jihng-dir, 勁旅 jihng-lyuu, 勁卒 jihng-tzur↓.
(2) Violent: 勁風 furious wind.

Words 1. 勁敵 jihng-dir, n., a redoutable enemy.
2. 勁兒 jieh-’l, n., (1) muscular strength: 這股勁兒 this force or spirit of action;
3. 勁兒 jieh-’l, n., 他很有勁兒 he is very strongly built;
4. 勁兒 jieh-’l, n., 傻勁兒 brute force;
5. 勁兒 jieh-’l, n., (2) vigor: 帶勁兒 vigorous, spirited (writing, performance);
6. 勁兒 jieh-’l, n., (3) interest: 起勁兒 arousing, exciting, be interested in;
7. 勁兒 jieh-’l, n., (4) deep affection, attachment: 上勁兒 (of lovers) be deeply attached to each other;
8. 勁兒 jieh-’l, n., (5) a person’s bearing, manner, or appearance: 蹩扭勁兒 lackadaisical manner.
9. 勁旅 jihng-lyuu, n., crack troops.
10. 勁頭（兒） jihn-tour (’l), n., (1) muscular stren土th;
11. 勁頭（兒） jihn-tour (’l), n., (2) a person’s general bearing, manner, or appearance.
12. 勁卒 jihng-tzur, n., see jihng-lyuu↑.

□ Num. Index: 31S.50-9 miaan . [Var. of 勉 92.70]

殉 Num. Index: 31S.50-9 shyuhn .

V.i. & t. (1) In very early days, before paper men and horses were invented, a custom of burying servants and maids in royal tomb: 殉葬.
(2) Be martyr for, to die for: see compp.↓.

Words 1. 殉情 shyuhn-chirng, phr., die (commit suicide) for love.
2. 殉道 shyuhn-dauh, phr., be marryr for religion.
3. 殉國 shyuhn-guor, phr., die for country.
4. 殉教 shyuhn-jiauh, phr., die for religion.
5. 殉節 shyuhn-jier, phr., die for honor in loyaty to regime or deceased husband.
6. 殉利 shyuhn-lih, phr., perish from love of wealth.
7. 殉名 shyuhn-mirng, phr., kill oneself to gain name.
8. 殉難 shyuhn-nahn, phr, be killed during some disaster (defeat, etc.).
9. 殉身 shyuhn-shen, phr., sacrifice one’s life.
10. 殉財 shyuhn-tsair, see shyuhn-lih↑.

殤 Num. Index: 31S.50-9 shang .

V.i. To die young or prematurely.

聆 Num. Index: 31S.63-8 lirng . [Usu. printed □]

V.t. (LL court.) to hear: 聆教，面聆教益 to benefit by your advice;
聆悉 have learned (from letter) that.

□ Num. Index: 31S.63-9 liarn . [Abbr. of 聯 31S.22]

甄 Num. Index: 31S.70-3 jen .

N. (1) 甄者 (AC) potter.
A surname.

V.t. (LL) to select, discriminate, see compp.↓.

Words 1. 甄拔 jen-bar, v.t., select and promote (talents).
2. 甄別 jen-bier, v.t., to pick, discriminate different grades of quality, to screen;
3. 甄別 jen-bier, v.t., 甄別試 test of the unfit.
4. 甄審 jen-sheen, v.t., to examine and evaluate.
5. 甄選 jen-shyuaan, v.t., to pick, select (talents, commerical products).
6. 甄汰 jen-taih, v.t., to eliminate (the unqualified).
7. 甄陶 jen-taur, v.t., to mold character as potter molds clay.
8. 甄用 jen-yuhng, v.t., select for appointment.

覡 Num. Index: 31S.70-4 shir .

N. (AC) sorcerer (dist. 巫 sorceress).

靦 Num. Index: 31S.70-4 tiaan *miaan ).

Adj. (LL) unashamed, shameless.

Words 1. 靦臉 tiarn-liaan, adj., unashamed.
2. 靦然 tiarn-rarn, adj. & adv., unashamed, shamelessly.
3. 靦慜 *miarn-tiaan, adj., thickskinned, unashamed.
4. 靦顏 tiarn-yarn, adj., thickskinned: 靦顏事仇 shamelessly collaborate with enemy.

□ Num. Index: 31S.70-4 luor .

Words 1. □縷 luor-lyuu, v.t., (LL) tell, narrate in detail.

飄 Num. Index: 31S.70-4 piau . [Var. □]

N. Hurricane, gale.

V.i. (1) To blow about: 隨風飄舞 whirl about in the wind;
風飄葉落 the wind blows and the leaves fall to the ground.
(2) Drift about (in this sense used like 漂, as 飄泊，飄流，飄泛， see 漂^63A.01).

Adj. See 飄飄，飄然 piau-piau, piau-rarn↓.

Words 1. 飄布 piau-buh, n., cotton badge of membership in former secret societies.
2. 飄帶（兒） piau-daug (piau-dah-’l), n., streamers.
3. 飄高 piau-gau, v.i., fall from a height (of workman).
4. 飄忽 piau-hu, adj., passing like a wind (of time, events).
5. 飄疾 piau-jir, adj., swift (wind), also (fig.) of s.t. passing swiftly (飄疾而逝).
6. 飄𡈼 piau-juu, v.i., soar aloft.
7. 飄零 piau-lirng, adj., lonely and adrift (of person): 飄零無依 friendless, also 飄落，飄蓬.
8. 飄眇 piau-miaau, adj., lingering softly (of music);
9. 飄眇 piau-miaau, adj., elusive, difficult to discern.
10. 飄飄 piau-piau, adj., (of person’s character, ambition) lofty.
11. 飄然 piau-rarn, adj., ditto: 飄然欲仙 walking on clouds almost like a fairy.
12. 飄蕭 piau-shiau, adj., (MC) adrift.
13. 飄字（兒） piau-tzyh (piau-tzeh-’l), v.t., (of opera singer) unprecise in enunciation.
14. 飄揚 piau-yarng, v.i., flutter in the wind (of flag).
15. 飄搖 piau-yaur, v.i., drift about.

豝 Num. Index: 31S.70-5 ba .

N. (AC) female hog, also u.f. 暅 80S.70.

耽 Num. Index: 31S.70-9 dan . [Dist. 揸，眈]

V.i. (1) Tarry, in 耽擱，耽誤 dan-’ge, dan-wuh↓.
(2) Indulge, lose oneself in (pleasure, wine, etc.).
(3) Bear (burden, sorrow): 耽憂，耽心 dan-you, dan-shin↓.

Words 1. 耽擱 dan-’ge, v.i. & t., delay;
2. 耽擱 dan-’ge, v.i. & t., stop over (at) place: 別把這事耽擱了 don’t delay this matter;
3. 耽擱 dan-’ge, v.i. & t., 耽擱時間 waste time or holdup of other things.
4. 耽惑 dan-huoh, v.t., be infatuated with (wine, women).
5. 耽湎 dan-miahn, v.t., ditto.
6. 耽心 dan-shin, v.i., be worried: 這件事耽心 be worried about this, also wr. 擔心.
7. 耽誤 dan-whu, v.t., hold up, interfere with (other things) by neglect, also wr. 揸.
8. 耽憂 dan-you, v.i., worry