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connecting oft. two vbb.: 學而時習之 to learn and review it from time to time;
or two adjj.: 恭而有禮 modest and courteous;
connecting an adv. with vb.: 呱呱而泣 wail and cry;
and yet, oft. reinforcing advv. like 況，竟，乃：而況 how much more then;
而竟，而乃 and contrary to reason or expectations;
coupled with negative 不, meaning “and yet,” “but”: 富而不驕 rich and yet not conceited;
群而不黨 is sociable, but not clannish.
(2) 而且 Furthermore, besides.
(3) Having the force of 之 “of”: 君子恥其言而過其行 a gentleman is ashamed of his words being more pretentious than his conduct.
三十而下 below thirty;
而今以後 from now on.
2.而何 [er2he2], adv., (AC)＝如何 how.
3.而後 [er2hou4], adv. conj., (1) and then: 言而後退 speak and then retire; (2) hence forth, thenceforth.
4.而竟 [er2jing4], adv., contrary to rule or expectations (left without saying good-bye); actually, so indeed, at last.
5.而今 [er2jin1], adv., now, now then.
6.而況 [er2kuang4], adv., besides, furthermore.
7.而來 [er2lai2], adv., (AC) since: 由孔子而來（＝以來），至今百有餘歲 it is now over hundred years since Confucius.
8.而立 [er2li4], adj., (LL) 而立之年 thirty years of age (allu. Confucius learned to stand firm at thirty).
9.而上 [er2shang4], adv., upwards (＝以上).
10.而下 [er2xia4], adv., from…down (＝以下).
11.而已 [er2yi3], adv., only (after modified wd. or phr.): 三十而已 only thirty; 而已矣 emphatic form of 而已.