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(2) V.t., strengthen, defend: 鞏固 consolidate, strengthen;
固國不以山谿之險 it's not high mountains and deep valleys that best serve to defend a country.
牢固 secure;
固體 [gu4ti3]↓.
(2) Stable: 固定 [gu4ding4]↓;
國可以固 (LL) then the country can have peace and stability.
(3) Obstinate, stubborn, insistent, resolute, steadfast: 固執 [gu4zhi0]↓;
固請 an insistent request or invitation;
固辭 resolute refusal;
固留 insist on s.o. to stay;
固持己見 self-opinionated;
頑固 die-hard, stubborn, unyielding.
(4) Base, mean, ignorant: 君子謂之固 (LL) a superior man would call it mean;
固陋 [gu4lou4]↓.
(5) Chronic: 固疾 [gu4ji2]↓.
(2) Indeed, once upon a time: 臣固聞之 your humble servant heard it said once upon a time that…;
固有之矣 yes, it did happen indeed;
仁人固如是乎 is that the way of a worthy man?
2.固結 [gu4jie2], v.i. & adj., (become) solidified, tied up.
3.固疾 [gu4ji2], n., a chronic disease (＝痼疾).
4.固執 [gu4zhi0], adj. & adv., (1) stubborn(ly), obstinate(ly), unyielding(ly); (2) ([gu4zhi2]) steadfast(ly): 擇善固執 choose what is good and hold to it fast; adj. & adv., (3) v.i. & t., to stick to (one's opinion), obstinate.
5.固陋 [gu4lou4], adj., ignorant, vulgar, rustic, provincial.
6.固然 [gu4ran0], adj. & adv., (1) assured(ly), certain(ly), doubtless: 事有必至，理有固然 it is bound to happen－is logical and natural; adj. & adv., (2) adv. & conj., though, it is true that…: 你這樣做，固然不錯 granted that (it is true that) the way you do it is right, still….
7.固守 [gu4shou3], (1) v.i. & t., keep without change, to stand one's ground 固守成規 stick to old rules; (2) adj., conservative.
8.固實 [gu4shi2], n., (＝故實) past precedents.
9.固體 [gu4ti3], n., (phys.) a solid (body) (opp. 液體，氣體 a liquid, gas).
10.固有 [gu4you3], adj. & adv., proper(ly), original(ly): 固有名詞 (gram.) proper nouns (opp. 普通名詞 common nouns); 固有權 inherent or original rights; 固有此說 originally there was such a theory or assumption, it was originally so stated; 固有道德 traditional ethics.