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(*ㄘㄣ [cen1] , *ㄕㄣ [shen1] , *ㄔㄣ [chen1] , *ㄙㄢ [san1] ). [Abbr. 參].
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洋參 jinseng produced in America.
(2) (*[shen1]) 海參 bêchede1mer, sea cucumba, a delicacy.
(3) (*[shen1]) Name of star: 參商 [shen1shang1]↓.
(4) (*[san1]) Used in place of 三 in “capital” writing (checks) to avoid mistakes.
參觀 [can1guan1]↓.
(2) To pay respects (to high officials only): 參拜，參見，參謁 [can1bai4], [can1jian4], [can1ye4]↓.
(3) To soar aloft: 樹木參天，參天古木 old trees that reach into the skies.
(4) (Budd.) to penetrate (truth), to reach into the realm of understanding: 參悟，參襌，參透 [can1wu4], [can1chan2], [can1tou4]↓;
參破道理 see the truth;
參不破 (or 不透) cannot penetrate (a profundity).
(5) To impeach (official): 參了他 impeached him;
參劾 [can1he2]↓.
(6) (MC) to recommend person to post: 參你作個教頭 recommended you as sergeant.
(7) To study, examine: 參訂，參考，參驗 [can1ding4], [can1kao3], [can1yan4]↓.
2.參拜 [can1bai4], v.t., to pay respects to (high official), worship (god).
3.參禪 [can1chan2], v.i., to try to reach understanding of [chan2] (Zen); to practise meditation.
4.參訂 [can1ding4], v.i., to revise text with editor's weighing of different versions or interpretations.
5.參膏 *[shen1gao1], n., jinseng jelly, made from fibrous ends.
6.參觀 [can1guan1], v.t., see as a tourist (famous places, museums, etc.), attend as observer (ceremonies, wedding, etc.).
7.參劾 [can1he2], v.t., to impeach (person).
8.參政 [can1zheng4], v.i., to participate in government (as people's delegates, councillor): 國民參政會 National Political Council; 參政權 suffrage; 婦女參政 women participate in government.
9.參加 [can1jia1], v.t., to take part (in ceremonies, elections, any group action), contribute (opinion).
10.參見 [can1jian4], v.t., see [can1ye4]↓.
11.參酌 [can1zhuo2], v.i. & t., to consult (persons, opinions), consult together.
12.參局 *[shen1jU2], n., pharmacist specializing in jinseng, deer horns, etc.
13.參考 [can1kao3], n. & v.t., reference (materials); to consult reference material: 參考資料 references for research; 作參考 for your reference.
14.參靈 [can1ling2], n., ceremony of respect to the coffin before procession.
15.參謀 [can1mou2], n., (mil.) staff officer: 參謀長 chief of staff.
16.參商 *[shen1shang1], phr., the two stars Orion and Lucifer which never see each other; (fig.) (a) parting of friends for a long time; (b) (allu.) strife between brothers.
17.參透 [can1tou4], v.t., to penetrate, understand (mysteries, profundities).
18.參錯 [can1cuo4] (*[cen1cuo4]), v.t. & adj., to shuffle about, shuffled, nixed-up, confusing, -ed; see [can1wu3]↓.
19.參差 *[cen1ci1], adj., untrimmed, uneven in length; unsorted, mixed together.
20.參贊 [can1zan4], n., a councillor (in embassy, etc.); v.t., to act as advisor on project.
21.參佐 [can1zuo3], n., formerly, official advisors; v.t., to advise on matters.
22.參悟 [can1wu4], v.i., (Zen Budd.) to understand (mystery) from meditation,to see truth flash through the mind.
23.參伍 [can1wu3], v.t. & adj., as in 參伍錯綜 to shuffle together, shuffled, variegated.
24.參驗 [can1yan4], v.i., to verify (truth) by personal experience; to personally inspect.
25.參謁 [can1ye4], v.t., to pay respects to (high official, god).
26.參議 [can1yi4], v.i., to partake in deliberations of policy; n., a senator; 參議院 the senate; 參議員 senator.
27.參預（與） [can1yU4], v.i. & t., to take part in (discussion, plan).