Newsgroups: soc.culture.greek,soc.answers,news.answers Path: rzsun2.informatik.uni-hamburg.de!news.dfn.de!math.fu-berlin.de!ira.uka.de!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!mcsun!news.forth.gr!ntua.gr!theseas!nfotis From: nfotis@ntua.gr (Nick C. Fotis) Subject: (16 Mar 93) Soc.Culture.Greek FAQ - Technical Information Message-ID: Followup-To: poster Lines: 780 Reply-To: nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr (Nick (Nikolaos) Fotis) Organization: National Technical Univ. of Athens Date: Tue, 16 Mar 1993 17:51:26 GMT Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu Archive-name: greek-faq/technical Last-modified: 1993/03/16 Soc.Culture.Greek Frequently Asked Questions and Answers ======================================================== (Technical Information) ======================= Last Change: 16 Mar 1993 Many FAQs, including this one, are available on the archive site pit-manager.mit.edu (alias rtfm.mit.edu) [18.172.1.27] in the directory pub/usenet/news.answers. The name under which a FAQ is archived appears in the Archive-name line at the top of the article. This FAQ is archived as greek-faq/technical There's a mail server on that machine. You send a e-mail message to mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu containing the keyword "help" (without quotes!) in the message body. Items Changed: -------------- 2. What's needed in order to have Greek characters in my computer? b. PCs with MS Windows -- Lines which got changed, have the `#' character in front of them. Added lines are prepended with a `+' Removed lines are just removed. Use 'diff' to locate these changes. I have included my comments within braces '[' and ']'. Nikolaos Fotis ======================================================================== This text is (C)Copyright 1992, 1993 of Nikolaos C. Fotis. You can copy freely this file, provided you keep this copyright notice intact. Compiled by Nikolaos (Nick) C. Fotis, e-mail: nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr Please contact me for updates,corrections, etc. Disclaimer: that's only a hasty collection of texts and information as I (or other people) remember it, so this file is worth only what you paid for it (and even less! ;-) ) ======================================================================== First, I wish to thank publicly the following people: Spiros Triantafyllopoulos P." Iatroudakis Achilles Voliotis Yiannis Moschovakis for their help in making the initial list more clear and complete. Second, that's only a hasty collection of texts and information as I (or other people) remember it, so this file is worth only what you paid for it (and even less! ;-) ) Subjects: ========= 1. What is the Soc.Culture.Greek newsgroup?? a. Newsgroup charter [ who has a copy ???] b. Network etiquette. c. How does one receive soc.culture.greek without USENET access?? 2. What's needed in order to have Greek characters in my computer? a. PCs b. PCs with MS Windows c. Mac d. Other 3. Internet/BITNET/UUCP University sites in Greece? 4. What standards exist for inclusion of Greek characters into ASCII text? 5. How do I write greek with troff/TeX/WP/... ?? 6. Greek fonts into X Windows Proposed future subjects: [ Please send me info to stuff these subjects!! -- nfotis] Is there any decent backgammon program? [any ideas/info/... ??] ============== I ask the people to send me stuff in order to make this file more complete. I'm just a kind of editor, and I cannot know everything. YOU'll determine if this FAQ is good or not! ============== 1. What is the Soc.Culture.Greek newsgroup?? ============================================ a. Newsgroup charter. [ who has a copy ???] --------------------- b. Network etiquette. --------------------- [ Excerpted from Eugene Miya's Draft FAQ in comp.graphics.visualization: ] We assume you have read news.announce.newusers and that you understand network informalities. This group is not moderated, and this is one experiment in self-moderation (education). If you have questions, ask you system administrator. If you are the system administrator, use MAIL, and ask your net neighbors. Do not post TESTS here. Special testing groups exist to acknowledge your posts. Test in misc.test, or in your locale: e.g., ba.test, ca.test, na.test, etc. Some people believe the charter should be posted. The name of the group should sufficiently convey the purpose of this group. Flame wars: 1) Flame using mail. Failing that 2) Cut down on the number of groups in your Newsgroups: line. 3) Use Followup-To: a line with fewer newsgroups. Make certain you read all posts before responding, the net is asynchronous enough as it is: the History of Dumb posts includes such titles as "What time is it?" "The Space Shuttle blew up!" and "California just had an earthquake." See your local broadcast news. Attribution: (Those lines frequently beginning with ">") MINIMIZE. Especially: don't post "Me, too" posts after 100 lines of attribution. Remove especially long sigatures at the bottoms of posts. Use email. Show that you are intelligent and net savvy in your postings. Edit carefully. [If you feel that the ratio of inflammatory or relevant posts is too high for your tastes, go read the manual of your news reader in the section of kill files. This way, you can customize your news reader to not bother you with messages from certain people, or which contain particular keywords in their headers. This way, you can avoid all the headache associated with such posts - not a minor thing - nfotis ] c. How does one receive soc.culture.greek without USENET access?? ----------------------------------------------------------------- Send a mail with subject "help post" to soc-culture-greek-request@cs.wisc.edu or do a "finger scg@cs.wisc.edu" 2. What's needed in order to have Greek characters in my computer? ================================================================== a. PCs ------ [ The following information applies for AT-like PCs. For PS/2s, things are somewhat different, but I don't know many details -- nfotis ] For english in GENERAL, you will have either a software or hardware solution: For Monochrome, Hercules, and CGA your only hope is a Greek Chip Character Generator. It is usually supplied by the Greek PC vendors. If you buy the PC elsewhere (i.e. in the US) and bring it to Greece, tough. For EGA/VGA, there are plenty of user-defined fonts around. In Greece, your vendor will typically supply with one, or there are free versions. All it really is is the software version of the Character Chip. In either case, the Greek Characters take over the high bytes (128+) of the extended ASCII set the PC uses and replace the funny symbols umlauts, funny puncuation, etc) with Greek letters. In the first case it is done in hardware, second in software. Then there is a TSR program loaded at boot time that switches (i.e. ALT-SHIFT toggles between the two. This program is also supplied by the vendor. A third SLOW case for CGA/Herc machines is to use SOFT fonts, i.e. characters done in graphics mode. Extremely slow but inexpensive. A good Shareware Greek word processor works that way. Details below. This way you get to type greek to programs like text editors. When the text is saved (extended or 8 bit text) you'll see the funny characters that Greek is represented by. Same deal with printers, i.e. the PRINTER character chip will have the extended ascii set to include Greek. So when you print a file using DOS print, it will come up OK. Alternatively, printers that handle soft (downloadable) fonts, can download the fonts and then you print as usual. A good word processor for Greek (and many other non english languages) is INTEXT12. It can be found at various US ftp sites (oak.oakland.edu under editors directory). Accepts the common denominator (herc/cga) and uses soft fonts. Works OK for things like letters etc though I would not try anything like a college thesis with it. Commercial systems: For more $$$, you can buy NOTA BENE (i believe) which has a very good Greek mode for $500 or so. Several small vendors advertise Greek WP systems typically in the back of, say, PC Magazine or Byte. Prices are in the $150-$500 range. Also, the WordPerfect distributor here has made a Greek version of the software and the manuals. PCwrite also does works well with Greek letters. b. PCs with MS Windows ---------------------- WinGreek (1.7 is the latest version): Greek-Hebrew Fonts/Accenter/Conv CCAT for Win3. It's shareware and includes: -Screen Fonts for Hercules, EGA, VGA & 8514 -Printer fonts for 9pin & 24pin Printers, HP LaserJets & Postscript. -Utilities for Entering Accents (European Languages & Greek) and Converting between File Formats (WinGreek <=CCAT). New in version 1.8: New Greek Font and New Versions of Utilities. New in version 1.7: Coptic / Greek / Hebrew TrueType Font for Windows 3.1 TrueType For All Printers Supported by Windows 3.1. author: Peter Gentry Several font vendors also supply their own fonts with ATM and TrueType. You can also use the SYMBOL fonts which looks kind of silly (i.e. troff) but works if everything else fails. With the advent of Windows 3.1, the existing problem of printing to IBM-speaking printers will be eliminated via the downloaded font system. (The printers here in general know only the old IBM-PC character set, while the MS Windows had ELOT-928 - you may guess the confusion that arose and the need for more filters ;-) ) c. Mac ------ Simple: Get the machine from Greek dealers! The MacOS is completely hellenized (menus, messages, etc.) and basic applications are also hellenized and available with Greek font support (eg. MS Word). In general, you press the left-clover and Space keys to toggle between Greek and English keyboard. The 'left-clover' key is known in the Mac community as 'Command' key. The trick should also work with the right Command-key on the Apple Extended Keyboard. What happens when you do this is that you toggle the 'Keyboard' cdev (control device) from english to the local language. This resides in the System Folder, and in theory you could rotate between more than two keyboard mappings--e.g., greek, english, german and spanish. With system 7 there is the inherent capability to include all available 'Keyboard' resources in a menu on the right side of the menu-bar of the Finder, so that one could change the current setting easily. This has not yet been fully implemented. If and when it does it will not affect the individual application resources, in other words applications that are not hellenized will not automatically become so. From what I know, the Greek Apple dealers use a special set of ROMs, soooo... they may put such a set on your machine, but not for free! d. Other -------- Amiga: there was a half-hearted attempt to implement Greek character sets in the upper 128 positions. I don't know the current status of affairs in this matter. [ A netter offered his additions : ] The Amiga always supported different fonts. I always write my greek letters in a symbol font. But there are programs that support Adobe fonts and import fonts from the MAC and IBM line of computers. On top of that it is very easy to edit your own font. Using most terminal programs is a question of selecting a menu entry and you can get a diffrent font display on screen. Amiga also supports LaTex, Postcript. Also on a final note the latest version of the operating system (2.1?) you can select the language you want and the Menu entries occur in the language you wish (Translated not just change of fonts), easy script files can be written and a click of a function key and you can swap between fonts. So in general all Word processors, text editors, in fact all software supports Greek .... [ Other machines?? Anyone who knows more here?? -- nfotis ] 3. Internet/BITNET/UUCP University sites in Greece? =================================================== Note: If you don't know how to access eg. a machine in BITNET while you're on the InterNet, call your sysadmins for help. I summarize here the most aften asked question: Q: I want to contact a person in , eg. GRPATVX1 in BITNET. How do I send mail to user@GRPATVX1 ? A: Send the mail via a BITNET-InterNet gateway site, eg. via rice.edu as: user%GRPATVX1.BITNET@rice.edu Another good guess is a BITNET site close to the national BITNET gateway, eg. user%GRPATVX1.BITNET@ariadne.csi.forth.gr (via the Greek Inet gateway) Similarly for registered Greek UUCP sites, use: user%site.uucp@ariadne.csi.forth.gr I want to stress that this is a usual *kludge* (ie. de facto usage). Don't expect a BITNET site to use exactly these conventions. Use FAX/Phone to make an initial contact with the sysadmins or the person you want to contact. a. InterNet sites ----------------- Stelios Sartzetakis is the administrator of the national Internet gateway (ariadne.csi.forth.gr [139.91.1.1]) located in the CS Institute in Crete. I'll ask him to send me a map of the major Internet sites in Greece, so don't bother him asking for it (please!). One of the major sites that are connected via the ariadne to the Internet is NTUA (or Athens Polytechnic, or EMP, or... well, I think you understand what we are ;-) ), via the machine theseas.ntua.gr [147.102.1.1] . PLEASE NOTE: We are on a VERY SLOW SL/IP line at about 10 Kbits, so don't swamp unnecessarily our line with 'ftp', 'telnet', 'finger', etc.etc. Major addition: Aristoteleion Univ. of Thessaloniki is also on the Internet! Name: olymp.ccf.auth.gr (VAX 9000) Address: 155.207.1.1 Name: ossa.ccf.auth.gr (IBM 4381) Address: 155.207.1.2 There's also an X.25 network called network ARIADNE. The network is based at NRC Demokritos, and they are gatewayed to the InterNet via the machine leon.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr [143.233.2.1]. NTUA has also a connection to this network via PADs. In the machine isosun.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr [143.233.1.1] there's also an account "pythia" (no passwd), which runs a BBS-like information system about the ARIADNE network. b. BITNET/EARN sites -------------------- I have found an article from schmuck@rhrk.uni-kl.de (Karl Schmuck [Bib]) last November, which described the results of a search in the bitearn-database at listserv@dearn.bitnet. I have edited it somewhat, but I left (I hope) all the necessary information inside. Note that some of these machines have also InterNet addresses (at least for mail) /* here's his query */ > sel * in bitearn where country contains gr --> Database BITEARN, 12 hits. Node: ARIADNE Internet: ariadne.csi.forth.gr Nodedesc: FORTH-Computer Science Institute P_dakosmid: Damianos Kosmidis;Damian@ariadne;+30 81 229302,229368 P_dkosmidi: Damianos Kosmidis;Damian@ariadne;+30 81 221171,229368 P_ssartzet: Stelios Sartzetakis;STELIOS@ARIADNE;+30 81 229302,221171 Netop: p_dakosmid Useradm: p_ssartzet Phone: +30 81 229302 Fax: +30 81 229342 Node: GRATHDEM A_member: Computer Center;153 10 Agia Paraskeuei Attikis;Athens Greece Admin: p_akostopo Dir: p_aarvilia Nodedesc: EKEFE-Demokritos P_aarvilia: ALEXIS ARVILIAS;AMBER@GRATHDEM P_akostopo: A. Kostopoulos;KOSTOP@GRATHDEM Node: GRATHUN1 A_member: University of Athens,;Computer Center, Building T.Y.P.A;University Campus;Ilissia, Athens, Greece Admin: p_sgrathun Dir: p_svanakar Nodedesc: University of Athens P_sgrathun: STAVROS GRATHUN1;STAVROS@GRATHUN1;+30 1 7226895 P_svanakar: Stavros Vanakaris;STAVROS@GRATHUN1;+30 1 7248470 P_00000001: STAVROS;STAVROS@GRATHUN1 P_00000004: INSTALL;INSTALL@GRATHUN1 Netop: p_00000004 Node: GRCRUN11 Nodedesc: University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece P_operator: Operator;OPERATOR@GRCRUN11;+30 81 232156 ext.26 P_ptzortza: P. Tzortzakis;POSTMAST@GRCRUN11;+30 81 232357 P_00000001: POSTMAST;POSTMAST@GRCRUN11 Netop: p_operator Useradm: p_ptzortza Node: GRCRVAX1 A_member: University of Crete;Ampelokipi;Heraklion, Crete;Greece Admin: p_jfragiad Dir: p_jfragiad Nodedesc: University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece P_jfragiad: J. Fragiadakis;JFRAGIAD@GRCRVAX1;+30 81 232357 Netop: p_operator Internet: minos.cc.uch.gr Node: GREARN A_member: Research Center of Crete;P.O. Box 527;Heraklion, Crete;Greece Admin: p_ptzortza Dir: p_sorphano Internet: grearn.csi.forth.gr Nodedesc: Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas P_operator: Operator;OPERATOR@GREARN;+30 81 232156 ext.26 P_ptzortza: P. Tzortzakis;PANTELIS@GREARN;+30 81 232357 P_sorphano: S. Orphanoudakis;ORPHICS@GREARN;+30 81 210057 P_00000001: POSTMAST;POSTMAST@GREARN Netop: p_operator Node: GRGBOX Internet: grgbox.csi.forth.gr Nodedesc: FORTH-Computer Science Institute P_00000001: Pantelis Tzortzakis pantelis;Pantelis Tzortzakis pantelis@grearn.bitnet P_00000002: Pantelis Tzortzakis Pantelis;Pantelis Tzortzakis Pantelis@Grearn.bitnet +30 81 232357 Techinfo: p_00000001 Useradm: p_00000001 p_00000002 Phone: +30 81 232357 Fax: +30 81 239735 Node: GRIMBB Nodedesc: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology P_00000001: SYSTEM;SYSTEM@GRIMBB Useradm: p_00000001 Internet: Nefelh.cc.uch.gr Node: GRIOANUN A_member: University Campus;Dourouti;GR 45110 Ioannina; GREECE Admin: p_paslanis Dir: p_sdanielo Member: UNiversity of Ioannina P_paslanis: Panos J. Aslanis;UOIC02@GRIOANUN;30-651-91298 P_sdanielo: Stylianos Danielopoulos;E270A01@GRIOANUN;30-651-91807 P_00000003: CDCE;CDCE@GRIOANUN Netop: p_00000003 Node: GRPATEI Nodedesc: Technological Institute of Patra Phone: 30 61 347778 P_1: Marios Xatziprokopiou;manager@grpatei;+30 61 347778 Site: Technological Education Institute of Patra A_site: TEI Patras;Koukouli Patra;Greece Dir: P_1 Admin: P_1 Techinfo: P_1 Useradm: P_2 P_2: ;postmast@grpatei P_mxatzipr: Marios Xatziprokopiou;manager@grpatei;+30 61 347778 P_mzatzipr: Marios Xatziprokopiou;manager@grpatei;+30 61 347778 P_postmast: ;postmast@grpatei Node: GRPATVX1 A_member: P.O. BOX 1122, 26110 Patras, Greece Admin: p_kkaranas Dir: p_thadzila Member: University of Patras Nodedesc: Computer Technology Institute, Univ. of Patras, GREECE P_kkaranas: Kostas Karanasios;NETMGR@GRPATVX1;+30 61 993176 P_ngrpatvx: NETMGR GRPATVX1;NETMGR@GRPATVX1;+30 61 993176 P_thadzila: Prof. Thanasis Hadzilacos;THH@GRPATVX1;+30 61 993176 Netop: p_ngrpatvx Node: GRTHEUN1 Internet: ossa.ccf.auth.gr (155.207.1.2) A_member: Aristotelion University;Computer Center;Thessaloniki Greece Admin: p_mgrtheun Dir: p_pargyrak Nodedesc: University of Thessaloniki P_mgrtheun: MAINT GRTHEUN1;MAINT@GRTHEUN1;+30 31 992843 P_pargyrak: Panos Argyrakis;CACZ11@GRTHEUN1 P_00000003: OPERATOR;OPERATOR@GRTHEUN1 Netop: p_00000003 c. UUCP sites [ added the catalog here ] ------------- I found a map of UUCP sites in Greece in pit-manager.mit.edu: /pub/usenet/comp.mail.maps. Here follows an edited listing: (I removed obviously out of date entries, because the last update was at 19 Feb '91 -- you can route mail to any of these sites through ariadne) ariadne: (IP gateway also): ariadne.uucp = ARIADNE.BITNET Check above for details about ariadne (in the IP nodes list). aello: Dimitris Hatzopoulos, postmaster@aello.uucp, +30 31 269346, 121 Tsimiski Street, GR-546 21 Thessaloniki, Greece FidoNet nodes 2:410/1 2:410/0 2:41/0 - Network Host system for Greece. This is a FidoNet <-> UUCP/Internet gateway site serving the FidoNet nodes of Greece. (FidoNet Region 41 - Network 410) algo: Algosystems sa Dimitris Verikios, veri@algo.uucp, +30 1 9330551, 9345858, x9352873, Sygrou 183, Athens, Greece 17121. Systems Integrators specialized in UNIX and Networks SCO, EXCELAN, CABLETRON, DYNATECH and TATUNG distributor. cmsu: National Technical University of Athens George Vlontakis, george@cmsu.uucp, +30 1 7757401, Pathsivn 42, Athens, GREECE ctc: Computer Technologies Company (ctc) Sakis Psonis, Melanippi Chryssoulaki, postmaster@ctc.uucp, +30 1 6550574, x6570676, 452, Mesogion Avenue, 153 42 - Athens, GREECE dias: Computer Technology Institute (cti) Kostas Karanasios, netmgr@ermhs.uuc, +30 61 993176, x991909, P.O. Box 1122, 261 10 Patras, Greece dias.uucp == GRPATVX1.BITNET; CTI's Network Mail Gateway to EARN Connected via GREARN; Help : postmaster@cti.gr eetaa: Hellenic Agency for Development & Local Government sa postmaster@athina.uucp, +30 1 3646937, Solonos 10, 10672, Athens, Greece elsyp: Hellenic Information Systems sa Savvidis S. Dimitrios, Matzarakis Dimitrios, postmaster@elsyp.uucp, +30 1 6820020, 6820017, x6811555, Kifisias 16, Marousi, Athens 151 25, Greece epstech: Epsion Software Akis Fytas, akis@epstech.uucp, +30 1 9421707, 9427719, 377 Syngrou Avenue, P. Faliro, GR-17564, Athens, Greece Software House specialized in XENIX/UNIX applications ermhs: Computer Technology Institute (cti) (read dias' entry above) CTI's Network Mail Gateway to EUnet; Help : postmaster@cti.gr evelyn: BetaTech Engineering Associates Sotiris Vassilopoulos, postmaster@evelyn.uucp, +30 1 9912570, x9953378, Al. Ikonomou 4, 167 77 - Helleniko, Greece gget: General Secretariat of Research & Technology Dimitrios Papaioannou, Marinos Skolarikos, dpap@mrtath.uucp, msko@mrtath.uucp +30 1 7714162, 14-18 Mesogeion Avenue, Athens 115 10, GREECE intra: Intrasoft sa, Res & Dev Department Vassilis Kolias, vassilis@intra.uucp, +30 1 7751158, 7701692(int.50), x7782444, 2 Messogion Str., Athens Tower, 11527 Athens, Greece mrtath: General Secretariat of Research & Technology (read gget's entry above) sirius: Technical University of Crete, Lab of Dynamic Systems and Simulation Vangelis Voudourakis, vangelis@mira.uucp, +30 821 20898, Ag. Markou st., Chania, Crete, Greece 73132 statik: Ntua, Institute of Structural Analysis and Aseismic Research Vlasis Koumousis, Panos Georgiou, postmaster@statik.uucp, +30 1 7784603, x7784603, Heroon Polytecneiou, Zografou, Athens, 157 73, GREECE sungr: Atko sa Tasos Pikounis, Kostas Matrozos, tpik@sungr.uucp, ksyr@sungr.uucp, +30 1 7785950, 7784967, x7798849, 74 Mesogeion Ave., Athens 153 42, GREECE vergina: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Thessaloniki Dimitris Mitrakos, Michael Strintzis, postmaster@vergina.UUCP, +30 31 219784 219783, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece Greek Academic Research Network ARIADNEt address (X.25) 1310010003 omalos: Technical University of Crete, Chania Manolis Fragonikolakis, fm@omalos.uucp, +30 821 64846, Ag. Markou st., Chania, Crete, Greece 73132 xanthi: Democritus University of Thrace Christos Chamzas, chamzas@xanthi.uucp, +30 541 26478, Xanthi, Greece GR 67100 cteam: COMPTUTER TEAM sa VALI LALIOTI, vali@cteam.uucp, +30 31 548012, 535312, 546547, FAX 544844 Karatasou 7, THessaloniki, Greece 546 26 Systems Integrators specialized in AIX and Networks (NOVELL) Development of Software aplications in AIX, DOS, NOVELL IBM PS/2, NOVELL, RISC 6000, INTERMEC distributor lesbos: Panayiotis Papachiou, pnp@lesbos.uucp postmaster@lesbos.uucp, +30 251 26981 G. Kortesi 73, Kallithea, Mytilene, Greece 81100 ach: Apple Center Heraklio Maria Troullinou, postmaster@ach.uucp, +30 81 242080, Crysostomou 26, Heraklion, Crete, Greece 71110 ambit: Ambit Ltd John Kozatsas, postmaster@ambit.uucp, +30 1 9950152 5, Polemistwn str. GR-164 52 Argyroupolis, Athens 4. What standards exist for inclusion of Greek characters into ASCII text? ========================================================================== NOTE: The greek typewriter character set is (assuming you follow the Greek alphabet): a b g d e z h u i k l m n j o p r s t y f x c v and `w' (lower-case only) is final sigma. Also there are accents and diaeresis marks in Greek. Your keyboard driver should provide for those special characters. [I don't know if it's a standard (I think so, I never saw a mention)] For 7-bit transmission: there's an ELOT standard, but we don't bother with it, since we use always 8-bit ASCII (at least between us). For 8-bit characters, there are 3 standards: a. ELOT-928. It was assigned an ISO number(ISO8859-7), so its an international and official standard. Here in NTUA, we use it in our Unix machines (because it didn't interfere with 'vi' metacharacters, as I was told ;-) ) Notice that this standard concerns ONLY the storage of 8-bit text files, ie. it doesn't bother with keyboard mapping, etc. Besides the character encodings, it provides also an escape sequence when you're switching to/from it. b. The de-facto standard: IBM PC character set [ 437 ]. The dealers settled early enough on a standard 8-bit ASCII set for both Greek and English letters. Unfortunately, they didn't standardize on the combination of keys that was necessary to activate the TSR programs, etc. It's a simple matter to make a program that converts between the ELOT-928 and this format and vice versa (in fact, we use such a program to transfer Greek files between UNIX and PCs). c. When IBM introduced PS/2s, there was a provision for Greek letters in their character sets. Unfortunately, in their infinite wisdom, they decided to make it incompatible with the existing standards, either the de-facto IBM or the ELOT-928. So the term IBM-compatible took a new meaning (sarcasm indended). In any case, I suppose there are converters between these character sets. d. Mac: YAS (Yet Another Standard). The programmer who wants to use Greek letters in his program, faces a strange character set (as told by others). As a user, because you're buying from one source, there's no big trouble. There's at least one converter between all these formats (Chameleon), but I don't have recent news here. Note: Apple had 2 different versions of the Greek alphabet implemented, so be sure to get the latest ROM revisions if you want to run a hellenized application. [ Others?? ] 5. How do I write greek with troff/TeX/WP/... ?? ================================================ If you don't have any way to find Greek fonts, use the Symbol font. It works, albeit as a last resort. TeX: I heard that there's a pre-version 3.0, 7-bit Greek font, somewhere in the princeton.edu [128.112.128.1] anonymous FTP area. Silvio Levy is the author. Also, John Charalambous has written an 8 bit version of Levy's font. Both fonts are at least on ymir.claremont.edu [134.173.4.23] - a VMS machine. Yiannis Moschovakis has written an upgrade of the 7-bit fonts for TeX 3.0 and up. His package makes possible to use an IBM Greek text file as input to TeX 3.0 (I haven't used it yet). This package is available at math.ucla.edu (128.97.4.254), directory pub/greektex. [ Added by a netter ] The Package KDgreek is a complete implementation of fonts and macros for TeX and LaTeX with sample files, examples and style file for typesetting modern and ancient greek. A variety of fonts in different maginification is included. It is used mainly in Europe and is available in Europian ftp sites. Home site sappho.doc.ic.ac.uk (146.169.21.14) /pub/tex/kdgreekNEW.tar.Z Alternative sites uk.ac.tex (The European TeX Archive) src.doc.ic.ac.uk (The UKUUG archive) as well as in other minor sites. The package works under UNIX and DOS and the PC (archiving) version includes files for emtex as well as a filter for the "standard" IBM extended ascii greek font. For an extensive description of the package see discussions in comp.text.tex (announcement of first release late 1991 and newer releases and bug fixes 1992). BTW the fonts are 8-bit and work with most of the comercial or public domain font previewers or printing software. There's also 1 commercial font [who? where? how much??] Troff: We have a set of plain Greek (ie. no italics, no boldfaces, etc.) To be more specific, a program here reads ELOT-928 text, and, when it encounters a Greek character, it spits out a set of Troff commands. Obviously, it's a hack, but It works. I would like to see a more general solution, though. NOTE: There's an effort here to make a better (and documented) solution for Unix and X11 or vt220's. You'll read an announcement when its in a distributable state. WordPerfect: Even before there existed a Greek dealer, WP had support for Greek letters in its 3-byte format. I don't know more details, but you'll get best results if you get one of these Word Processing packages from Greece. 6. Greek fonts into X Windows ============================== From: phdye+@cs.cmu.edu (Philip Dye) Newsgroups: comp.graphics,brown.graphics Subject: Re: Is there a way to get Greek fonts into ``idraw''? --- >Does anyone know how Greek characters can be brought into idraw? >I am trying to draw figures for a paper and am frustrated by >the lack of support for using Greek letters in the figures in >the program idraw. > -Alan Arehart > aba@lems.brown.edu Idraw (like all x applications) uses the 'X Logical Font Description' for specification of screen fonts. Using this specification one includes enough information for the X server to locate a font. To get a list of the available fonts from a given server use the 'xlsfont' command. So to determine a specification for the Adobe Symbol one might use the following: % xlsfonts | grep -i symbol -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-61-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--11-80-100-100-p-61-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-74-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--14-100-100-100-p-85-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-p-85-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-p-95-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-p-107-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-p-107-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-p-142-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--25-180-100-100-p-142-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--34-240-100-100-p-191-adobe-fontspecific -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-p-51-adobe-fontspecific Each of the above specifies a specific X11 screen font. As much of the information is common, a simpler specification will still result in precise match. For example, '*-symbol-medium-*-240-*' uniquely identifies a font. If the given pattern does not uniquely identify a font, the first available font, as listed by the xlsfonts program, is used. In addition, idraw requires that one specify a postscript font and point size to associate with the screen font. Adding the following to your X11 defaults (or resources) will enable for symbol font items in idraw. idraw*font12: *-symbol-medium-r-*-100-* Symbol 10 idraw*font13: *-symbol-medium-r-*-120-* Symbol 12 idraw*font14: *-symbol-medium-r-*-140-* Symbol 14 idraw*font15: *-symbol-medium-r-*-240-* Symbol 24 From: pnevmati@milhouse.cs.wisc.edu (Dionisios N. Pnevmatikatos) ----------------------------------- You can get the fonts and a xterm resources file from bashan.cs.wisc.edu using anonymous ftp. The relevant files are in the /pub/hellenes directory and are called: Gterm.rsrc and greekXfonts.shar ======================================================================= End of Technical Part of the FAQ -- Nick (Nikolaos) Fotis National Technical Univ. of Athens, Greece HOME: 16 Esperidon St., InterNet : nfotis@theseas.ntua.gr Halandri, GR - 152 32 UUCP: mcsun!ariadne!theseas!nfotis Athens, GREECE FAX: (+30 1) 77 84 578